教师资格考试初中英语词汇知识点总结十六

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教师资格考试中学英语复习知识汇总

教师资格考试中学英语复习知识汇总

承德政法干警考试网:/动词、短语动词从A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

1. —Are you happy with your new computer?—No, it is ______ me a lot of trouble. (安徽2008)A. showingB. leavingC. givingD. sparing2. Don’t be so discouraged. If you _______ such feelings, yo u will do better next time. (安徽2008)A. carry onB. get backC. break downD. put away3. ______ a moment and I will go to your rescue. (福建2008)A. Go onB. Hold onC. Move onD. Carry on4. Though having lived abroad for years, many Chinese still ______ the traditional customs. (湖北2008)A. performB. possessC. observeD. support5. As nobody here knows what is wrong with the machine, we must send for an engineer to ______ the problem. (湖北2008)A. handleB. raiseC. faceD. present6. The teacher stressed again that the students should not ______ any important details while retelling the story. (湖北2008)A. bring outB. let outC. leave outD. make out7. In modern times, people have to learn to ______ all kinds of pressure although they are leading a comfortable life. (湖北2008)A. keep withB. stay withC. meet withD. live with8. The present situation is very complex, so I think it will take me some time to ______ its reality. (湖北2008)A. make upB. figure outC. look throughD. put off9. I ______ it as a basic principle of the company that suppliers of raw materials should be given a fair price for their products. (江西2008)A. makeB. lookC. takeD. think10. If a person has not had enough sleep, his actions will give him ______ during the day. (江西2008)A. awayB. upC. inD. back11. The performance ______ nearly three hours, but few people left the theatre承德政法干警考试网:/ early.(2008全国卷I)A. coveredB. reachedC. playedD. lasted12. After studying in a medical college for five years, Jane ______ her job asa doctor in the countryside. (2008全国卷I)A. set outB. took overC. took upD. set up13. —What are you reading, Tom?—I’m not really reading, just ______ the pages. (2008全国卷II)A. turning offB. turning aroundC. turning overD. turning up14. Her shoes ______ her dress; they look very well together. (天津2008)A. suitB. fitC. compareD. match15. Little Johnny felt the bag, curious to know what it ______. (2008全国卷II)A. collectedB. containedC. loadedD. saved16. It’s going to rain. Xiao Feng, will you please help me ______ the clothes on the line?(陕西2008)A. get offB. get backC. get inD. get on17. You have to ______ a choice. Are you going to leave the job or stay? (四川2008)A. decideB. getC. doD. make18. The meal over, the managers went back to the meeting room to ______ their discussion.(天津2008)A. put awayB. take downC. look over overD. carry on onKey: 1-5 CDBCA 6-10 CDBCA11-15 DCCDB 16-18 CDD。

九年级英语知识点16

九年级英语知识点16

九年级英语知识点16九年级英语知识点16主要包括以下几个内容:过去完成时、情态动词、非谓语动词以及现在完成进行时。

一、过去完成时过去完成时是用来表示在过去某个时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作。

它的构成是由had加上过去分词形成。

1.用法过去完成时常用于表示过去某个时间点之前发生的动作。

例如:- I had already finished my homework before my mom came back.- She had studied English for several years before she went to college.2.标志词过去完成时的标志词有:before, after, already, by the time, until 等。

二、情态动词情态动词是用来表达说话人对某种行为或状态的情感色彩,或者表示推测、批评、建议等用途的动词。

常见的情态动词有can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will, would等。

1.用法情态动词用于表示能力、可能性、许可、义务、建议、推测等。

例如:- He can swim very well.- You should finish your homework before going out.2.常见搭配情态动词常与动词原形连用,也可以与have + 过去分词连用来表示完成的动作。

三、非谓语动词非谓语动词是独立使用而不作谓语部分的动词形式,主要包括不定式、动名词和分词。

非谓语动词在句中可以作主语、宾语、定语、状语等。

1.不定式(to + 动词原形)不定式作为非谓语动词可以作为动词的补语、宾语、定语或状语等。

例如:- I want to learn how to play the piano.- This is a good book to read.2.动名词(动词+ing)动名词作为非谓语动词可以作主语、宾语、定语或状语等。

初中英语教资简答题必背

初中英语教资简答题必背

初中英语教资简答题必背
初中英语教资考试中的简答题是需要考生掌握一些基本知识点的。

以下是初中英语教资简答题必背内容:
1. 英语中的时态有哪些?
英语中的时态包括一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、将来完成时和过去将来时。

2. 英语中的代词有哪些?
英语中的代词包括人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、疑问代词、不定代词、相互代词和反身代词。

3. 英语中的连词有哪些?
英语中的连词包括并列连词、从属连词和关联词。

4. 英语中的语态有哪些?
英语中的语态包括主动语态和被动语态。

5. 英语中的冠词有哪些?
英语中的冠词包括定冠词“the”和不定冠词“a/an”。

6. 英语中的形容词和副词有哪些比较级和最高级形式?
英语中的形容词和副词的比较级和最高级形式分别为:比较级“-er”和最高级“-est”;以“y”结尾的形容词和副词变“y”为“i”+ “-er/-est”;不规则形式的比较级和最高级需单独掌握。

7. 英语中的倒装句有哪些?
英语中的倒装句分为完全倒装句、部分倒装句和疑问句倒装。

8. 英语中的情态动词有哪些?
英语中的情态动词包括can、could、may、might、shall、should、will、would、must、need等。

9. 英语中的介词有哪些?
英语中的介词包括at、on、in、to、for、with、of、from、by、about等。

10. 英语中的复合句包括哪些种类?
英语中的复合句包括名词性从句、形容词性从句和副词性从句。

初中教资英语面试语法知识点

初中教资英语面试语法知识点

初中教资英语面试语法知识点在初中教资英语面试中,语法是一个重要的考查内容,因为它是英语教学的基础。

以下是一些可能涉及到的语法知识点,供参考:1.动词时态时态是英语语法中的重要部分。

在教资面试中,考察的时态通常涵盖一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时等。

同时,还会涉及到其他更复杂的时态,如现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时等。

应熟练掌握时态的构成和用法,并能区分不同时态之间的差异。

2.名词和代词名词和代词是英语中的基本词类,也是学生初中英语学习的重点之一、在面试中,可能会涉及到名词的单复数形式、可数和不可数名词的区分、代词的人称、性数和格的变化等。

需要重点掌握这些知识点,并能正确运用在教学中。

3.形容词和副词形容词和副词用来修饰名词和动词,是句子中的重要成分。

在面试中,考官可能会询问形容词和副词的用法,以及比较级和最高级的构成等。

此外,还可能涉及到形容词的位置和使用注意事项等。

应对这些问题要有清晰的理解和准确的回答。

4.介词和连词介词和连词在句子中起到连接词与词、短语与短语的作用。

在面试中,可能会问到介词和连词的用法、常见搭配以及语义或语法上的差异等。

要对常见的介词和连词有所了解,并能正确使用。

5.被动语态和宾语从句被动语态和宾语从句是相对较难的语法知识点。

被动语态用来强调动作的承受者,而宾语从句则是在复合句中充当宾语的子句。

在面试中,可能会要求对被动语态和宾语从句的构成和用法进行解释,并能正确使用。

除了以上语法知识点,面试中还可能涉及到其他语法知识,如条件句、间接引语、状语从句等。

综上所述,语法是初中教资英语面试中的重要考察内容,应提前做好准备,熟练掌握常见的语法知识点,并能灵活运用到教学中。

希望以上内容对您有所帮助。

教师资格考试中学英语复习要点汇总

教师资格考试中学英语复习要点汇总

教师资格考试中学英语复习要点汇总一、名词复数规则1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:book-books,bag-bags,cat-cats,bed-beds2.以s.x.sh.ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses,box-boxes,brush-brushes,watch-watches3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i,再加-es,如:family-families,strawberry-strawberries4.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v,再加-es,如:knife-knives5.不规则名词复数:man-men,woman-women,policeman-policemen,policewoman-policewomen,mouse-mice child-childrenfoot-feet,.tooth-teeth fish-fish,people-people,Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese二、一般现在时1.一般现在时表示经常或习惯性的动作,也可表示现在的状态或主语具备的性格和能力。

2.一般现在时中,没有be动词和情态动词,主语为第三人称单数的肯定句,动词要按规则加上s,主语是非第三人称单数的肯定句,动词用原形。

3.在一般现在时中,句中有be动词或情态动词时,否定句在be动词和情态动词后加not,一般疑问句将be 动词或情态动词放在句首。

4.在一般现在时中,句中没有be动词或情态动词时,主语为第三人称单数的否定句在动词前加does+not(doesn’t),一般疑问句在句首加does,句子中原有动词用原形;主语为非第三人称单数,否定句用do+not(don’t),一般疑问句在句首加do,句子中动词用原形。

动词+s的变化规则1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks,milk-milks2.以s.x.sh.ch.o结尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses,wash-washes,watch-watches,go-goes3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i,再加-es,如:study-studies三、现在进行时1.现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作,也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。

教师资格证初中《英语学科》熟记词汇

教师资格证初中《英语学科》熟记词汇

教师资格证初中《英语学科》熟记词汇2017教师资格证初中《英语学科》熟记词汇2017年下半年全国中小学教师资格考试统考时间为11月4日。

下面店铺为大家编辑整理了2017教师资格证初中《英语学科》熟记词汇,想了解更多相关内容请关注我们店铺!熟记词汇break away from 脱离break down ①分解;破裂②(汽车)抛锚break in 打断……的话break into pieces 打(破)成碎片break off 折断、中断、罢工break one's promise/words 破坏某人的.诺言、食言break out 分裂、爆发break the record 打破纪录break the rules 违反规则break up 分解bring about 带来、造成bring down 使……下降bring in 引进bring on 引起、导致bring sth. to one's notice 使某人注意……bring up 抚育、养育build up 建立burn down 烧毁burn sth. to the ground 把……烧毁、夷为平地burn up 消耗burst in 闯进、闯入burst into flames 突然着火burst into tears/laughter 突然放声大哭/笑burst out doing 爆发;突然business sense 商业理念by and by 不久以后、很快的by chance 偶然by degrees 逐渐地by far 至今为止by means of 通过……的办法by occasionally 偶然的by ones and twos 三三两两地、零零落落地by oneself 独自地、独立地、单独地by the end 在……以前by the hour/day/week/minute/month/year 按小时/日/周/分/月/年算by the kilogramme/ton 按公斤/吨算by the time 一段时间前(引导时间状语从句)by the way 顺便说一下by this means 用这种方法by weight/length/volume 按重量/长度/容量算call a taxi 打的call at sp. 拜访某地call for ①要求②邀请call in sb. 派人去请call on sb. to do… 号召某人做某事call on sb. 拜访某人call one's attention to sth. 让某人引起对……的注意call to mind 想起call up sb. ①使……想起②给……打电话calm down 镇定下来can't help doing 情不自禁地……can't resist doing 不能抗拒做……carry about 携带、随身带carry away 冲垮;拿走carry forward 发展、发扬carry off 抢走、夺走carry on 进行、继续carry out one's promise 遵守某人的诺言carry out 实行carry with 进行、继续catch a cold 感冒catch fire 着火catch in 被……困住、绊住catch one's attention 吸引了……的注意catch sight of 看到……be caught by the… 抓到某人的……(身体部位) cause sb. to be in such a state 导致某人到这样的地步change A for B 用B替换Achange into 变成clear away 收拾走、清除clear out 把……请出去clear up ①天晴②解决climb over 翻越close to 靠近,接近come about 发生come across 偶然遇见come along 进展、进行come at 袭击、向……打击come away 脱离、掉下come back ①回来②醒过来come down 下降come forth 向前come into being 形成、产生、存在(无被动)come into effect 生效、启用come off 脱离、掉下come on ①加油②进展come out ①产生、出现②被知道③出版、发行④结局、结果come right 直接come round 转身come to ①把注意力转向…… ②到来come to an end 消亡、灭亡、分裂come to one's notice 引起某人的注意come to oneself 苏醒、恢复知觉come to power 掌权come true 成为现实come up ①上升②发生③产生④(问题、话题、议题)被提出(无被动)come up to 过来come upon 偶然遇见command (that) sb. (should) do 命令某人应该做某事(虚拟语气) compare A to B 把A比作Bcompare A with B 把A与B作比较compare notes 交换意见compared with/to A, B… 与A相比,B……(B不用比较级)congratulate sb./sth. (on sth.) 祝贺……(取得……的成绩)congratulations on sth. ……的祝贺connect A to B 连接A与B(单方面)connect A with B 连接A与B(两方面)consider sb. to have done 认为某人做了某事consider sb./sth. to be/as 把……看作consider sth./doing 考虑(做)……consist of 由……组成content oneself with sth. 对……满意continue doing 一直做(同一件事) continue to do 继续做(下一件事) continue with sth. 继续做某事下载全文。

教师资格证英语学知识点汇总

教师资格证英语学知识点汇总

教师资格证英语学知识点汇总词汇知识点
1. 词汇分类:名词、动词、形容词、副词、介词、连词
2. 词汇搭配:动词短语、介词短语、形容词短语、副词短语
3. 常用固定搭配:常用动词+noun,常用介词短语,常用形容
词+noun,常用副词+verb
语法知识点
1. 时态:一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、过去完成时
2. 句型结构:肯定句、否定句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句
3. 语态:主动语态、被动语态
4. 并列结构:and、but、or
5. 从句:名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句、主语从句
阅读理解知识点
1. 段落主题:找出段落的主题句,理解文章大意
2. 阅读策略:扫读、略读、详读、归纳总结
3. 推理判断:通过文中信息进行推理判断
4. 词义理解:上下文推测词义
5. 作者观点:理解作者观点、态度和立场
写作知识点
1. 作文结构:引言段、主体段、结论段
2. 表达方式:句型多样化、词汇丰富、逻辑清晰
3. 文章连贯:词语过渡、段落衔接
4. 观点表达:论证和举例支持观点
5. 语言风格:注意使用恰当的语言风格和修辞手法
以上是教师资格证英语学知识点的简要汇总,希望对您的备考有所帮助。

参考资料:
- [参考书目1]
- [参考书目2]
- [参考网站1]。

教师资格考试英语面试语法术语英文大全

教师资格考试英语面试语法术语英文大全

教师资格考试英语面试语法术语英文大全第一篇:教师资格考试英语面试语法术语英文大全从句clause从属句subordinate clause并列句coordinate clause名词从句 nominal clause定语从句 attributive clause状语从句 adverbial clause宾语从句 object clause主语从句 subject clause 同位语从句appositive clause时间状语从句adverbial clause of time地点状语从句 adverbial clause of place方式状语从句 adverbial clause of manner让步状语从句 adverbial clause of concession原因状语从句adverbial clause of cause结果状语从句adverbial clause of result目的状语从句 adverbial clause of purpose条件状语从句adverbial clause of condition真实条件状语从句adverbial clause ofreal condition非真实条件状语从句adverbial clause of unreal condition句子sentence简单句simple sentence并列句compound sentence复合句complex sentence并列复合句compound complex sentence陈述句declarative sentence疑问句interrogative sentence一般疑问句general question特殊疑问句special question选择疑问句alternative question附加疑问句tag question反义疑问句disjunctive question修辞疑问句rhetorical question感叹疑问句exclamatory question 存在句existential sentence肯定句 positive sentwence否定句 negative sentence祈使句imperative sentence省略句elliptical sentence感叹句exclamatory sentence基本句型 basic sentence patern 人称 person第一人称 first person第二人称 second person第三人称 third person一致 agreement主谓一致 subject-predicate agreement语法一致 grammatical agreement概念一致 notional agreement就近原则principle of proximity语态voice主动语态active voice被动语态passive voice 语气mood陈述语气indicative mood祈使语气imperative mood虚拟语气 subjunctive mood句子成分members of sentences主语subject谓语predicate 宾语object双宾语dual object直接宾语direct object间接宾语indirect object复合宾语 complex object同源宾语 cognate object 补语complement主补subject complement宾补object complement表语predicative定语attribute同位语appositive状语 adverbial 时态 tense过去将来时 past future tense过去将来进行时past future continuous tense过去将来完成时past future perfect tense一般现在时present simple tense一般过去时past simple tense一般将来时future simple tense现在完成时past perfect tense过去完成时 present perfect tense将来完成时 future perfect tense现在进行时present continuous tense过去进行时past continuous tense将来进行时 future continuous tense过去将来进行时past future continuous tense现在完成进行时present perfect continuous tense过去完成进行时 past perfect continuous tense否定negation否定范围scope of negation全部否定full negation局部否定 partial negation转移否定 shift of negation语序order自然语序natural order倒装语序inversion全部倒装full inversion部分倒装 partial inversion 直接引语 direct speech间接引语indirect speech自由直接引语free direct speech自由间接引语free indirect speech语法 grammar句法 syntax词法 morphology结构 structure层次 rank句子 sentence从句 clause词组 phrase词类 part of speech 单词 word实词 notional word虚词 structural word单纯词simple word派生词derivative复合词compound词性part of speech名词noun专有名词proper noun普通名词common noun可数名词countable noun不可数名词 uncountable noun抽象名词 abstract noun具体名词concret noun物质名词material noun集体名词collective noun个体名词individual noun介词preposition连词conjunction动词verb主动词main verb及物动词transitive verb不及物动词intransitive verb系动词link verb助动词auxiliary verb情态动词modal verb规则动词 regular verb不规则动词 irregular verb短语动词 phrasal verb限定动词 finite verb非限定动词 infinite verb使役动词 causative verb感官动词 verb of senses动态动词 event verb静态动词 state verb感叹词 exclamation形容词 adjective副词 adverb 方式副词adverb of manner程度副词adverb of degree时间副词adverb of time地点副词 adverb of place修饰性副词 adjunct连接性副词conjunct疑问副词interogative adverb关系副词relative adverb代词pronoun人称代词personal pronoun物主代词possesive pronoun反身代词 reflexive pronoun相互代词 reciprocal pronoun指示代词 demonstrative pronoun疑问代词 interrogative pronoun关系代词relative pronoun不定代词indefinite pronoun 物主代词possecive pronoun名词性物主代词nominal possesive prnoun形容词性物主代词adjectival possesive pronoun冠词article定冠词definite article不定冠词indefinite article数词numeral基数词cardinal numeral序数词ordinal numeral分数词fractional numeral形式form单数形式singular form复数形式plural form限定动词finite verb form非限定动词non-finite verb form原形 base form从句 clause从属句 subordinate clause并列句coordinate clause名词从句nominal clause定语从句attributive clause状语从句adverbial clause宾语从句object clause主语从句subject clause同位语从句appositive clause时间状语从句adverbial clause of time地点状语从句 adverbial clause of place方式状语从句adverbial clause of manner让步状语从句adverbial clause of concession原因状语从句 adverbial clause of cause结果状语从句 adverbial clause of result目的状语从句 adverbial clause of purpose条件状语从句 adverbial clause of condition真实条件状语从句adverbial clause of real condition非真实条件状语从句adverbial clause of unreal condition含蓄条件句 adverbial clause of implied condition错综条件句adverbial clause of mixed condition句子 sentence简单句 simple sentence并列句 compound sentence复合句complex sentence并列复合句compound complex sentence陈述句declarative sentence疑问句interrogative sentence一般疑问句general question特殊疑问句special question选择疑问句alternative question附加疑问句tag question反义疑问句disjunctive question修辞疑问句rhetorical question感叹疑问句exclamatory question存在句existential sentence肯定句 positive sentence基本句型 basic sentence patern 否定句negative sentence祈使句imperative sentence省略句elliptical sentence感叹句exclamatory sentence句子成分members of sentences主语 subject谓语 predicate宾语 object双宾语 dual object直接宾语 direct object间接宾语 indirect object复合宾语 complex object同源宾语 cognate object补语 complement 主补subject complement宾补object complement表语predicative定语 attribute同位语 appositive状语 adverbial句法关系syntatic relationship并列coordinate从属subordination修饰modification前置修饰pre-modification后置修饰post-modification限制restriction双重限制double-restriction非限制non-restriction数 number单数形式 singular form复数形式 plural form规则形式 regular form不规则形式 irregular form格 case普通格 common case所有格 possessive case主格 nominative case宾格objective case性gender阳性masculine阴性feminine通性common中性neuter人称person第一人称first person第二人称second person第三人称 third person时态 tense过去将来时 past future tense过去将来进行时 past future continuous tense过去将来完成时past future perfect tense一般现在时present simple tense一般过去时 past simple tense一般将来时 future simple tense现在完成时 past perfect tense过去完成时 present perfect tense将来完成时future perfect tense现在进行时present continuous tense过去进行时past continuous tense将来进行时future continuous tense过去将来进行时 past future continuous tense现在完成进行时present perfect continuous tense过去完成进行时 past perfect continuous tense语态 voice主动语态 active voice被动语态 passive voice语气mood陈述语气indicative mood祈使语气imperative mood虚拟语气subjunctive mood否定negation否定范围scope of negation全部否定 full negation局部否定 partial negation转移否定 shift of negation语序 order自然语序 natural order倒装语序inversion全部倒装 full inversion部分倒装 partial inversion直接引语 direct speech间接引语 indirect speech自由直接引语 free direct speech自由间接引语 free indirect speech一致 agreement主谓一致 subject-predicate agreement语法一致 grammatical agreement 概念一致 notional agreement就近原则 principle of proximity强调emphasis重复 repetition语音 pronunciation语调 tone升调 rising tone降调 falling tone降升调 falling-rising tone文体 style正式文体formal非正式文体informal口语spoken/oral English套语formulistic expression英国英语 British English美国英语 American English用法usage感情色彩emotional coloring褒义commendatory贬义 derogatory幽默 humorous讽刺 sarcastic挖苦 ironic第二篇:2014教师资格考试面试中小学和幼儿园教师资格考试大纲(试行)(面试部分)教育部师范教育司教育部考试中心二零一一年七月一、测试性质面试是中小学教师资格考试的有机组成部分,属于标准参照性考试。

初中英语教资必背单词

初中英语教资必背单词

初中英语教资必背单词摘要:一、前言二、初中英语教资必背单词的重要性三、如何高效背诵初中英语教资必背单词四、记忆方法与技巧1.制定计划与目标2.创造语境3.制作单词卡片4.定期复习与自测五、总结正文:一、前言作为一名初中英语教师,掌握必背单词是提高教学质量的基础。

本文将介绍初中英语教资必背单词的重要性及高效背诵方法。

二、初中英语教资必背单词的重要性1.提高学生学习兴趣:教师熟知必背单词,能更好地教授学生,提高学生学习兴趣。

2.丰富课堂教学:掌握必背单词有助于拓展课堂内容,提高教学质量。

3.增强教师自身素养:作为一名英语教师,掌握必背单词是基本素质。

三、如何高效背诵初中英语教资必背单词1.制定计划与目标:根据自己的实际情况,合理安排时间和内容,确保按计划完成。

2.创造语境:通过实际语境,如英语角、英语电影等,增强对单词的记忆。

3.制作单词卡片:将单词、词义、例句等信息写在卡片上,方便随时查阅。

4.定期复习与自测:按照艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线,定期复习,巩固记忆。

四、记忆方法与技巧1.制定计划与目标:根据自己的实际情况,合理安排时间和内容,确保按计划完成。

2.创造语境:通过实际语境,如英语角、英语电影等,增强对单词的记忆。

3.制作单词卡片:将单词、词义、例句等信息写在卡片上,方便随时查阅。

4.定期复习与自测:按照艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线,定期复习,巩固记忆。

五、总结掌握初中英语教资必背单词是提高教学质量的基础。

通过制定计划、创造语境、制作单词卡片及定期复习等方法,教师可以更高效地背诵必背单词。

初中英语知识点总结教资

初中英语知识点总结教资

初中英语知识点总结教资一、词汇与语法1. 词汇积累- 基础词汇:掌握日常生活中常用的名词、动词、形容词、副词、介词等。

- 主题词汇:根据课程内容,学习与学校生活、家庭、职业、食物、交通等相关的词汇。

- 词性转换:了解名词、动词、形容词之间的转换规则,如动词+ing构成动名词,形容词+ly构成副词等。

2. 语法结构- 时态:掌握一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时等基本时态的构成和用法。

- 句型:学习肯定句、否定句、疑问句的构造,以及简单句、并列句的运用。

- 语态:区分主动语态和被动语态,了解其构成和用法。

- 非谓语动词:学习动名词、分词(现在分词和过去分词)的用法。

- 情态动词:掌握can, could, may, might, must, should等情态动词的基本用法。

二、阅读理解1. 阅读技巧- 快速阅读:通过扫读(skimming)和略读(scanning)技巧,快速获取文章大意和具体信息。

- 精读理解:细致阅读文章,理解句子结构和文章内容,把握作者意图和文章主旨。

2. 题型解析- 细节理解题:通过定位法找到文中相关信息,准确把握细节。

- 主旨大意题:抓住文章标题、首尾段落和主题句,理解文章中心思想。

- 推理判断题:根据文章内容进行逻辑推理,推断隐含信息。

三、写作技巧1. 文章结构- 开头:引入话题,提出观点或描述情境。

- 正文:分段论述,每段明确中心句,提供支持细节。

- 结尾:总结全文,重申观点或提出建议。

2. 写作类型- 描述性写作:描述人物、地点、事件等,使用形象生动的语言。

- 叙述性写作:叙述故事或经历,注意时态和顺序。

- 议论性写作:提出观点,给出理由和例证,进行逻辑论证。

四、听力训练1. 听力技巧- 预测:根据题目和图片信息预测对话或短文内容。

- 注意力集中:专注于听力材料,捕捉关键信息。

- 笔记:记录重要信息,帮助理解和记忆。

2. 听力题型- 对话理解:理解对话双方的意图和态度。

教招初中英语知识点总结

教招初中英语知识点总结

教招初中英语知识点总结一、词汇学习1. 基础词汇:掌握日常生活、学习、工作中常用的英语单词,如颜色、数字、食物、动物、家庭成员、学校科目等。

2. 词性变化:了解名词、动词、形容词、副词等词性的构成和变化规则,如名词复数形式、动词的过去式和过去分词、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级等。

3. 短语搭配:学习常用的英语短语和固定搭配,如动词短语、介词短语、形容词与名词的搭配等。

二、语法知识1. 时态:掌握一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时和将来完成时等基本时态的构成和用法。

2. 语态:了解主动语态和被动语态的构成及用法,能够将主动句转换为被动句。

3. 非谓语动词:学习动名词、分词(现在分词和过去分词)和不定式的用法,以及它们在句子中作主语、宾语、定语和状语的功能。

4. 句子结构:理解简单句、并列句和复合句(包括定语从句、状语从句、宾语从句、主语从句和表语从句)的结构和用法。

5. 特殊句式:学习倒装句、省略句、强调句和虚拟语气的基本用法。

三、听力技巧1. 听力材料:熟悉不同类型的听力材料,如对话、短文、新闻报道、讲座等。

2. 听力技巧:培养预测、捕捉关键信息、理解上下文和推断含义的能力。

3. 听力练习:通过听写、听译和听后讨论等活动提高听力理解能力和反应速度。

四、阅读理解1. 阅读技巧:学习扫读(skimming)、略读(scanning)、寻找主题句和划分段落大意等阅读技巧。

2. 阅读材料:阅读不同类型的英语文章,包括故事、科普文章、新闻报道、广告、说明文等。

3. 理解能力:提高对文章主旨大意、细节信息、作者态度和写作目的的理解能力。

五、写作技巧1. 文章结构:掌握英语文章的基本结构,包括引言、主体段落和结论。

2. 写作风格:了解不同文体的写作风格,如叙述文、描述文、议论文和应用文。

3. 写作练习:通过日记、读书笔记、作文和改错等练习提高写作能力。

初中英语教资面试各重点语法逐字稿

初中英语教资面试各重点语法逐字稿

初中英语教资面试各重点语法逐字稿一、过去时 (Simple Past Tense)过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。

通常用于已完成的事情、下判断定的事件或惯性动作。

1. 构成:动词的过去式(一般在动词词尾加上-ed),be动词的过去式为was/were。

2. 用法:- 表示过去完成的动作或状态。

- I studied English last night.- They were happy last week.- 表达事实或真理。

- The Earth revolves around the sun.- Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius.- 用于时间或条件从句中表示与现在相反的情况。

- If I knew the answer, I would tell you.- I wish I had a car.二、现在进行时 (Present Continuous Tense)现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作,也可以表示目前的情况。

1. 构成:be动词的现在分词(动词-ing结尾)。

2. 用法:- 表示现在正在进行的动作。

- She is studying in the library now.- They are playing football at the park.- 表示现阶段的情况。

- The weather is getting colder.- Prices are rising.三、一般将来时 (Simple Future Tense)一般将来时表示将来的动作或状态。

1. 构成:will/shall + 动词原形。

2. 用法:- 表示将来的动作或状态。

- I will visit my grandparents next weekend.- They shall finish their homework today.- 表示意愿、承诺、命令、威胁等。

初中英语教师资格证考点汇总

初中英语教师资格证考点汇总

初中英语教师资格证考点汇总文档简介本文档汇总了初中英语教师资格证考试的主要考点和内容要点,帮助考生更好地备考和掌握考试重点。

考试内容概述初中英语教师资格证考试主要测试考生在英语教学方面的知识和能力。

考试包括语言知识与能力、教育教学知识与能力和专业知识与能力三个部分。

语言知识与能力词汇与语法- 常用单词和词组- 基本语法知识- 情态动词的用法- 动词时态和语态- 名词、代词、形容词和副词的基本用法句型与篇章- 常用句型和短语- 句子结构和语法规则- 阅读理解和写作技巧教育教学知识与能力教育心理学- 研究理论与教育心理学原理- 学生发展特点和心理需求- 教学中的评价与反馈教学设计与评价- 教学目标和内容的设计- 不同教学方法的应用- 教学评价和教育研究方法教学组织与管理- 教学组织与班级管理- 学科教学与综合实践活动的组织- 学校教育改革和教学发展的趋势专业知识与能力英语教育基础- 英语教学理论- 英语教材与教学方法- 外语教育研究与教学改革英语教学实践- 教学设计与实施- 教学材料和教具的选择与应用- 多媒体技术在英语教学中的应用考试准备建议- 熟练掌握常用单词和词组,加强词汇积累- 熟悉基本语法知识,掌握常见句型和语法规则- 注重阅读理解和写作训练,提高语言表达能力- 研究教育心理学知识,了解学生发展特点和教学评价方法- 针对专业知识与能力部分,研究相关教育理论和教学改革动向> 注意:本文档总结了初中英语教师资格证考试的主要考点和内容要点,但具体的考试内容以官方发布的考试大纲为准。

考生在备考过程中应结合大纲进行综合复习和准备。

英语教资初中知识点总结

英语教资初中知识点总结

英语教资初中知识点总结1. IntroductionEnglish is an important subject for students to learn in middle school. It is not only a language used worldwide, but also a key subject for students to further their education and explore the world. In order to improve the teaching efficiency and help students better understand the knowledge points, this article will summarize the key points of English teaching in middle school from different aspects.2. ListeningListening is an essential part of English learning. In middle school, students should be taught to listen to different types of English materials, such as conversations, news reports, and broadcasts. They should also be trained to listen for general understanding, specific information, and details. It's important for teachers to create a variety of listening activities to help students improve their listening skills, such as listening comprehension exercises, shadowing, and role-playing.3. SpeakingSpeaking is another important element of English learning. Students should be encouraged to speak in English as much as possible in and out of the classroom. Teachers can organize various speaking activities, such as debates, presentations, and discussions, to help students practice their speaking skills. Pronunciation and intonation should also be emphasized during teaching to help students speak English fluently and accurately.4. ReadingReading is fundamental to learning a language. In middle school, students should be exposed to a wide range of English reading materials, including books, newspapers, magazines, and online articles. Teachers should help students develop reading strategies, such as skimming, scanning, and predicting, to improve their reading efficiency. In addition, teachers should guide students to understand the content, analyze the structure, and grasp key information while reading.5. WritingWriting is a crucial skill for students to communicate effectively in English. Teachers should guide students to practice different types of writing, such as narratives, descriptions, and argumentative essays. Students should also be taught to organize their thoughts, use appropriate language and grammar, and edit their writing to improve its quality. Moreover, teachers should provide constructive feedback and help students improve their writing step by step.6. Vocabulary and GrammarVocabulary and grammar are the building blocks of language learning. In middle school, students should expand their vocabulary and grasp essential grammar rules. Teachers should help students develop learning strategies to memorize new words and understand how to use them in context. To master grammar, teachers can provide clear explanations, examples, and practice exercises to consolidate students' understanding and application of grammar rules.7. Cultural AwarenessIn addition to language skills, it's important for students to develop cultural awareness in English learning. Teachers should introduce the cultural background of English-speaking countries, including their customs, traditions, and social norms. Through various activities, such as watching English movies, celebrating English holidays, and participating in cultural exchanges, students can broaden their horizons and develop a deeper appreciation for the English language and culture.8. Integrated SkillsFinally, English teaching in middle school should focus on integrating listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills. Teachers should design tasks and activities that require students to use multiple skills simultaneously, such as giving a presentation, summarizing a reading passage, or participating in a group discussion. By integrating these skills, students can develop a comprehensive understanding of English and improve their overall language proficiency.In conclusion, English teaching in middle school involves various key points, including listening, speaking, reading, writing, vocabulary and grammar, cultural awareness, and integrated skills. By addressing these key points, teachers can create a comprehensive and effective English learning environment for middle school students, helping them to develop language skills, cultural awareness, and global competence.。

初中英语教资考试知识点超详细考点总结.doc

初中英语教资考试知识点超详细考点总结.doc

第一部分语言知识与能力第一章英语语言知识二、语音(Speech Sounds)P781、语音分类发音方式发音部位VL - 清浊音(voiceless consonant) VD - 浊辅音(voiced consonant)2、音系学(phonology)P79(1)同化规则(assimilation Rule)progressive assimilation 顺同化(前面带偏后面)workedregressive assimilation 逆同化(后面带偏前面)newspaperreciprocal/double assimilation 互相同化 did you(2)音节(syllable) tea chi-na im-pos-si-ble重音(stress)声调(tone)(3)语音变化(vocal variety)liaison 连读 pick it upplosion 爆破音plosion loss 失去爆破 sit down ;incomplete plosion 不完全爆破 ask ed nasal plosion 鼻腔爆破 button ;lateral plosion 舌边爆破 little三、形态学(Morphology)1、morpheme 词素重点! P87(1)free morpheme 自由词素 dog ;bound morpheme 黏着词素 moonwalk(2)root 词根; affix 词缀(prefix 前缀、suffix 后缀); stem 词干friend-ships(3)inflectional affix 屈折词缀 -s,-ing,-ed不同形式(4)derivational affix 派生词缀改变词性和意义2、(1)inflection 屈折变化 -s,-ing,-ed不同形式(2)word-formation 词的形成:compounding 复合法 through-outderivation 派生法(prefixation 前缀化 suffixation 后缀化)il-logical-ly3、常见构词法P89invention 新创词 nylon ;blending 混成法 smoke+fog=smogclipping 截断法 advertisement=ad ;initialism 首字母连写词 WTOacronym 首字母拼音词 AIDS ;back-formation 逆构词法 editor--editanalogical creation 类似构词 work--wrought/workedtypes of borrowing 借词法:loanword/borrowing 借词 feast(法语中借来)loanblend 混合借词 Chinatown (本国加外来)loanshift 转移借词 bridge (借用意义)loan translation 翻译借词(从别种语言翻译而来)4、词义变化broadening 词义扩大 bird 小鸟--鸟类;narrowing 词义缩小 girl 年轻人--女孩meaning shift 词义转移;class shift 词性转换;folk etymology 俗词源(错多了成了对的)四、句法学(Syntax) P911、句法关系syntagmatic relation 组合关系(horizontal relation/chain relation)构成同一形式、序列或结构paradigmatic relation 聚合关系(vertical relation/choice relation)各要素可相互替换relation of co-occurrence 共现关系(不同集合的词语一起组成句子)2、句子结构和成分immediate constituent analysis 直接成分分析法(IC分析法)The boy ate the apple. 用树形图(tree diagram)一般句子,主谓宾之类的endocentric construction 向心结构一个词或词组可以确定为中心(center)或中心词(head)two stone bridge 一般名词/动词/形容词短语exocentric construction 离心结构没有确定的中心或中心词 The boy smiled. 一般动宾/系表结构deep structure 深层结构(含义相同,说法不同)surface structure 表层结构(句子表述方式)5、语义学(Semantics) P93(1)涵义关系(Sense Relations)lexical relation 词汇关系(1)同义关系(Synonymy)synonyms 同义词stylistic 文体差别(formality) buy--perchase ;dialectal 地域差别underground--subwaycollocational 搭配差别 accuse(of)--charge(with) ;emotive 情感差别 thrifty--stingy ;semantic 语义差别 enough--ample(2)反义关系(Antonymy)antonyms 反义词 relational opposites 意义相反词gradable antonymy 等级反义 warm--coolcomplementary antonymy 互补反义 boy--girlconverse antonymy 反向反义关系 buy--sell(3)上下义关系(Hyponymy)种类和成员包括上坐标词(superordinate)和下义词(hyponymy) flower--rose/tulip(4)一词多义(Polysemy)(5)同音/同形异义现象(Homonymy)homophone 同音异义 sun--sonhomograph 同形异义 liecomplete homonym 完全同音同形异义 bank 岸边;银行2、句子逻辑关系 iff--充分必要条件“S is true iff P”P就是S的真值条件(truth condition)P(1)synonymy 同义关系“X is synonymous with Y.”同真同假 P95(2)contradiction 矛盾关系“X is inconsistent with Y.”一真一假(3)entailment 蕴含关系“X entails Y.” X小,Y大 X:old man Y:man (4)presupposition 预设关系“X presupposes Y.” Y是前提 X:repair the car Y:have a car六、语用学(Pragmatics) P961、言语行为理论(Speech Act Theory)(1)locutionary act 发话行为(说话人表达字面意思)is the act of saying something which is meaningful an can be understood.(2)illocutionary act 行事行为(说话人表达意图)is the act in saying something to perform a function.(3)perlocutionary act 取效行为(作用于听话人的效果)is the results or effects that are produced by means of saying something.言外之意(illocutionary point):representatives 阐述类; directives 指令类; commissives 承诺类;expressives 表达类; declarations 宣告类1、会话含义理论(Conversational Principle/Maxim) violate 违反 P97cooperative principle,CP 合作原则(会话有共同目标)“Make your conversational contribution such as is required, at the stage at which it occurs, by the accepted purpose or direction of the talk exchange in which you are engaged.”(1)the maxim of quantity数量准则(信息充分)(2)the maxim of quality质量准则(说实话)(3)the maxim of relation相关准则(说相关的事)(4)the maxim of manner方式准则(清楚简洁避免歧义)conversational implicature 会话含义(用会话准则暗示意义)(1)calculability 可推导性(含义能理解)(2)cancellability 可取消性(defeasibility)(因素变化,含义变化)(3)non-detachability 不可分离性(含义依附于内容)(4)non-conventionality非规约性(含义不确定)七、修辞学(Rhetoric)问法:rhetoric/rhetorical device 修辞策略 P981、simile明喻 like,as...as,as if,as though,similar to,such as2、metaphor隐喻(暗含比较) elephant pause3、personification拟人(把事物或概念当做人)4、metonymy借代(用事物的名称代替亲密相关的另一事物)5、synecdoche提喻(部分代替整体或整体代替部分) hand/mouth--man6、euphemism婉言 die--pass away7、irony反语(意思相反)8、allegory讽喻9、exaggeration夸张(夸大或缩小使表达生动有趣)10、transferred epithet移位修辞 nervous exam11、oxymoron矛盾修辞 bitter-sweet memory12、pun双关语(homophonic puns 谐音双关;homographic puns 语义双关)八、语言教学 P1001、中介语(interlanguage)2、对比分析(contrastive analysis)3、错误分析(error analysis)(1)error错误(因为知识不足)mistake失误(不注意犯错)(2)interlingual errors语际错误(迁移错误)因为母语 Cnglishintralingual errors语内错误(发展性错误)因为过度概括语言规则 eat-eated(错)4、错误性质:omissions 省略(少成分);additions 添加(多成分);misformations 形式错误(eated);double markings 双重标记(didn’t went);misorderings 顺序错误(how you are)5、我国外语学习者错误类型(1)negative transfer 负迁移/干扰因为母语(2)over-generalization过度类推/过度概括因为过度概括语言规则(3)pragmatic failure语用错误违反对方的文化习俗6、第二外语习得理论(Second Language Acquisition,SLA)(1)Acquisition-Learning Hypothesis语言习得和学得假说(习得和学得两条不同的途径)(2)Monitor Hypothesis语言监察假说(学习者自己监督控制语言输出质量)(3)Input Hypothesis语言输入假说(接触理解可理解性语言输入comprehensible input)(4)Affective Filter Hypothesis情感过滤假说(输入input和吸收intake受到动力motivation、性格personality、情感状态affective state)(5)Natural Order Hypothesis自然顺序假说(可以不按任何语法顺序来教学)第二章英语语言运用能力一、教学中的非语言交际1、非语言手段 P118environment language环境语(座位安排、时间信息、室内标示装饰、声音灯光等)object language客体语(个人,衣着化妆、个人用品等)2、非语言行为body language体态语(身姿、手势、表情、目光)paralanguage 副语言(声音音质、音量、语调、语速)第三章英语国家的语言、历史和文学三、语言、文化和社会1、局部结构 P131毗邻对(adjacency pairs)一轮对话(1)毗邻对的条件相关性(conditional relevance)preferred second part/preference structure 优选结构 Hidispreferred second part/dispreference structure 非优选结构relevant absence 相关缺失(2)毗邻对的扩展base pairs 根毗邻对(被其他会话扩展之前的毗邻对)前扩展,指前序列(pre-sequences),包括邀请、请求、结束、宣告中扩展,包括插入序列(insertion sequences)和旁侧序列(side sequences)后扩展,指后序列(post sequences),包括会话修正和主体化2、会话修正会话修正机制三个部分:修正源(trouble source)、修正的发起(repair initiation)、修正(repair)lexical 词汇启动(no,sorry,let me see,you know)non-lexical 非词汇启动(um..,uh..)四、语言与文字1、小说语言 P134(1)小说与视角first-person narrator 第一人称叙述者(I)third-person narrator第三人称叙述者(he,she,it,they)(2)语言表达与思想表达direct speech 直接言语(“F**k you”)indirect speech间接言语(he said/asked)free indirect speech 自由间接言语第二部分语言教学知识与能力第一章初中英语课程标准一、初中英语课程基础知识1、英语课程的性质 P149The nature of English Curriculum is instrumentality/tool and humanity.(工具性和人文性)Students’ overall development is the motivation and goal of the English curriculum.2、英语课程的设计思路The design of the new National English Curriculum unifies both primary and secondary school English into one continuum of development and divides English language teaching and learning into nine competence-based levels by adopting the international general classification method.Level 5 is the required standard for the end of junior middle school. Level 2--primary school二、英语课程的分级标准 P1541、语言技能(Language Skills)Overall performance objectives for each level are given in addition to detailed descriptions of abilities regarding language knowledge, language skills, affect, learning strategies as well as cultural awareness for relevant levels.2、语言知识(Language Knowledge)(语音、词汇、语法、功能和话题)Students are required to learn consists of phonetics, vocabulary, grammar, function and theme.3、情感态度(Affect)(兴趣、动机、自信、意志和合作精神;祖国意识和国际视野)interest, motivation, confidence, will and cooperation; National consciousness and international vision.4、学习策略(Learning Strategies)(认知、调控、交际、资源)Learning strategies can be classified into four groups: cognitive strategy, regulative strategy, communicative strategy and resourcing strategy.5、文化意识(Cultural Awareness/Understanding)(历史地理、风土人情、传统习俗、生活方式、行为规范、文学艺术、价值观念)Historical geography, local customs, traditional customs, lifestyle, norms of behavior, literature and art, values.三、英语课程的实施建议 P1611、教学建议(1)面向全体学生,为每个学生学习英语奠定基础(2)注意语言实践,培养学生的语言运用能力(3)加强学习策略指导,培养学生自主学习能力(4)培养学生的跨文化交际意识,发展跨文化交际能力(5)结合实际教学需要,创造性地使用教材(6)合理利用各种教学资源,提高学生的学习效率(7)组织生动活泼的课外活动,拓展学生的学习渠道(8)不断提高专业水平,努力适应课程要求第二章初中英语教学基本理论一、语言观(Views of Language) P1731、语言的概念Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication.2、语言的本质特征/设计特性(design features)(1)arbitrariness 任意性(体现了convention规约性)(2)duality 二重性(basic level, higher level基层和高层)(3)creativity 创造性/productivity能产性(4)displacement 移位性(赋予generalizations, abstractions概括和抽象)(5)cultural transmission 文化传习性3、语言的功能(Functions of Language)(1)informative function信息功能(2)interpersonal function人际功能(3)performative function施为功能(4)emotive function情绪功能(5)phatic function寒暄功能(6)recreational function娱乐功能(7)metalingual function元语言功能4、语言学角度的语言观(1)The Structural View of Language 结构语言观the structural view sees language as a linguistic system made up of various subsystems: phonology, morphology, lexicology and syntax.(2)The Function View of Language 功能语言观the function view sees language not only as a linguistic system but also as a means for doing things.(3)The Interactional View of Language 交互语言观(interaction, dynamics交互性和动态)the interactional view of language considers language as a communicative tool, whose main use is to build up and maintain social relations between people.(2)语言学习观(Views of Language Learning) P1761、语言学习理论(1)Behaviorist Learning Theory 行为主义学习理论Behaviorism is an approach to psychology that arouses out of the ideas that attempted to explain all learning in terms of some form of conditioning (stimulus, response, and reinforcement)(2)Cognitive Learning Theory认知主义学习理论Cognitive theory thinks that “language is a intricate rule-based system and with a knowledge of the finite rules (language competence), infinite sentences can be produced”.(3)Constructivist Learning Theory构建主义学习理论The constructivist theory believes that learning is a process in which the learner constructs meaning based on his own experiences and what he already knows.最近发展区理论 Zone of Proximal Development三、语言教学观(Views of Language Teaching) P1781、语言教学理论(结构主义教学理论、认知主义教学理论、社会语言学理论)4、外语教学法的主要流派(1)grammar-translation method 语法翻译法(2)audio-lingual method 听说法(pattern drill 句型操练、contrastive analysis 对比分析法)(3)total physical response 全身反应教学法 P181(4)cognitive approach 认知教学法(提高accuracy, appropriateness得体性)(5)communicate approach 交际法(包含function,notion功能和意念) P183 (1)交际能力(communicative competence)grammatical competence 语法能力、sociolinguistic 社会语言能力、discourse 语篇能力、strategic 策略能力、linguistic 语言能力、pragmatic语用能力、fluency流利性(2)3P教学模式:presentation--practice--production(6)task-based approach任务型教学 P1841、real-world tasks /target tasks 目标任务; pedagogical tasks 教学任务2、任务的四个构成元素:objective、context、process、outcome3、information gap 信息差/信息沟activities must have clear and attainable objectives./should be confined to the classroom context./should help develop students’ language ability.4、constructivism learning theory建构主义学习理论(强调scene, writing, conversation, and meaning construction情景、写作、会话和意义建构)5、任务型教学的三个环节:pre-task前任务、task-cycle任务环(task、planning、report)、language focus语言聚焦(analysis、practice)第三章初中英语语言知识教学一、语音教学 P1921、语音教学的内容The realistic goal of teaching pronunciation should be①consistency: the pronunciation should be smooth and natural.②intelligibility: the pronunciation should be understandable to the listeners.③communicative efficiency: the pronunciation should help convey the meaning that is intended by the speaker.2、Pronunciation knowledge teaching发音知识教学(monophonic, alphabet, phonetic symbols单音、字母、音标)3、Flow of language teaching语流教学(sounds, stress, rhythm, and intonation重音、节奏、语调)(4)The principle of phonetic teaching语音教学的原则(accuracy, long-term, integrity, communication, pertinence, interest准确性、长期性、整体性、交际性、针对性、趣味性原则)(5)The teaching method of phonetics语音的教学方法 P195(1)Sound perception听音感知练习方法:using minimal pairs 最小对立体(live--leave)、which order 排序、same or different 辨别异同、odd one out 同中选异、completion 填空(2)Imitation and explanation 模仿讲解personally demonstration、imitate、 practice亲自示范,反复模仿、练习(3)Pronunciation practice发音练习练习方法:listen and repeat 听音模仿、fill in the blanks 填空、using pictures 借助图片、using meaningful context 借助情景make up sentences 造句、using togue twisters运用绕口令(4)语流教学(见上)慢动作(slow motion speaking)二、词汇教学 P197 language teaching theories 理论构成:receptive/passive vocabulary 接受性/消极词汇和productive/产出性/积极词汇1、Learning content教学内容(1)word meaning 词汇的意义 include learning form,meaning and use.Knowing a word means: knowing its pronunciation and stress/ its spelling and grammatical properties/ its meaning/ how and when to use it to express the intended meaning.词汇意义包括conceptual meaning 、 associated meaning 概念意义和关联意义概念意义:词典中意思,即literal meaning/ denotation 字面意思/词汇的外延、关联意义:文化含义与语境意义,又称connotation 词汇的内涵( learn in the context )(2)word use 词汇的用法包括:collocation/ phrases/ idiom/ style/ register 搭配、词组、习语、风格、语域(3)word information 词汇信息包括:part of speech/ prefixes/ suffixes/ spelling/ pronunciation/ grammar features 词类、前缀、后缀、拼写、发音、语法特征(4)word memory strategies 词汇记忆策略avoid rote-learning 避免死记硬背 word-building构词法猜测词义2、Learning principle教学原则(1)音形义结合 pronounce、spelling、meaning(2)词块整体教学 lexical chunks ( knowledge of collocation 搭配)(3)具体语境中教 learn in the context(4)循序渐进 step by step(5)反复练习巩固记忆 review(6)培养自学词汇能力 deduce the meaning of words猜测词义3、Teaching method教学方法 P200(1)呈现词汇:visual/physical demonstration 直观呈现Word-building 构词法、synonym/antonym(opposites)同义反义词、翻译、举例、问答 verbal context/ situation 结合语境/创设情境运用词汇学习策略,如chunks/ reasoning/ analog/ using dictionary归类/推理/类比/查字典(2)巩固词汇:labelling/ spot the difference/ describe the draw/ play a game/ word bingo/word association贴标签/找茬/描述绘画/玩游戏(宾果)/词汇联想三、语法教学 P2011、Content 教学内容grammar语法具有Three dimensions三维性:form, meaning and usage形式、意义和用法semantic语义包括grammatical form/the grammatical meaning of thestructure/contents of meaning语法形式、结构的语法意义和内容意义task 教学任务:语法rules规则的cognition/ drill/ application认知/操练/应用、the generation of grammar consciousness语法意识的生成2、Principle 教学原则(交际性/实践性、集中分散相结合、趣味性/通俗性)grammar teaching should be:(1)collocational:the grammar should be built on collocational relations between individual lexical items and their subcategories.(2)Constructive:one's knowledge of grammar is built bit by bit,which closely model the way language is learned and used.(3)Contextual:syntactic and lexical choices are explicitly related to pragmatic ones,and to social and cultural contexts.(4)Contrastive:grammar involves drawing the learner's attention to contrast the differences between the target language and other languages,and between sets of similar features and items of the target language.3、Method教学方法 P202(1)deductive method 演绎法(讲解规则,结合实例分析用法,句型练习)features: It saves time/pays more attention to form/teaches grammar in a decontextualized situation脱离上下文(2)inductive method 归纳法(学生自行归纳语法规则)start with examples and guides ss to work out the rules(3)guided discovery method 引导发现法(学生归纳总结语法规则,老师强化其形式意义)四、语篇教学 P2041、概念和结构(1)Conception 概念discourse pattern语篇可以是dialogue、monologue对话、独白,包括written/spoken language 书面语、口语,form形式上是cohesion衔接的,semantic语义上是coherence 连贯的(2)Tactic pattern结构模式语段/句群、句际关系(并列、顺序、层递、转折)(3)Cohesive device 衔接手段logical connectors逻辑纽带(firstly, thus, on the other hand, if not)grammatical connectors语法纽带(时态什么的)Lexical connectors词汇纽带(repetition重复、synonym/antonym(opposites)同义/反义词)Develop ss’ skill of recognizing discourse patterns训练方式:checking the logic of the author’s arguments.getting the scrambled sentences into a paragraph.(focus on textual coherence) marking out common openers to stories and jokes.2、教学内涵Aims at developing ss’ discourse awareness.(teacher asks ss to concentrate on such features as structure, coherence and cohesion of a text)3、教学方法 P207overall effectiveness整体性效能(用knowledge transfer知识迁移实现,重在cultivate application ability应用能力培养)、overall grasp of the discourse语篇的整体把握Teaching language at the discourse level :utterance function / expected response/ congratulation/ apology/ acceptance/ inform.第四章初中英语语言技能教学 P212一、听力教学1、影响听力的主要因素(1)objective factor客观因素:types of language used 语言特征(语速/tone音调/pause 停顿/liaison连读)、task or purpose in listening 听力任务、context in which the listening occurs文化背景知识(2)subjective factor主观因素:psychological心理因素、knowledge skills知识技能因素、methods and tactics方法与策略因素2、听力教学的要领(1)合理选择听力material材料(authenticity真实性、intelligibility可理解性、diversity/variety多样性)(2)建立专门的听力training system训练体系(3)优化心理氛围,降低焦虑感(arouse interest调动兴趣、放松)(4)重视听的过程中的skill training技巧训练prediction 预测、guess 猜测、coherent memory 连贯记忆(note-taking)、identifying the discourse markers辨认语段标记(5)科学设计听力练习3、听力训练的type类型 P216(1)Focus listening精听(tonal discrimination辨音、gap filling填空、dictation 听写)听写形式:dictogloss听释、fast-speech dictation快速听写、pause and paraphrase听写大意、listening cloze 完形听写、error identification纠错听写、jigsaw identification线索听写(2)Gist listening泛听( decide on the best title )(3)Free listening随意听4、听力教学model模式(1)Bottom-up model“自下而上”(强调language knowledge语言知识)(2)Top-down model“自上而下”(侧重background information背景知识)5、听力教学的过程 P2181、Pre-listening tasks 听前环节(brainstorming/discuss a relevant picture/writing question about the topic/associating vocabularies with the topic)2、While-listening tasks听中环节(辨音、获取主要信息、预测、猜词悟义)3、Post-listening tasks 听后环节(writing a similar text作文、discussion讨论)二、口语教学 P2191、Spoken language口语的特点(fragmentation结构不完整性、involvement人和场合紧密依存性)(1)语法特征:There are four common features of spoken language:Using less complex syntax.语法Taking short cuts,e.g.incomplete sentences.(and, or,but)Using fixed conventional phrases/chunks.俗语(fashionable word, two-part allegorical saying,colloquialism,slang,phrasal verbs 歇后语/口语词/俚语/短语动词)Using devices such as fillers,hesitation device to give time to think before speaking.结构特征:往往借助filler补白词(you know, let me see, um)形象特征:说话人的表情、语气及态度等body language身体语言;音质/声调/重音/停顿(2)口语的交际特点“说”受语言rule规则支配/时间factor因素制约/对方response反应影响2、口语教学的要领(1)在听的基础上培养说的能力(使输入的信息量大于输出的信息量)(2)组织多样化的口语活动形式口语活动类型:pre-communicative activities 前交际活动(操练/模仿/重复)和communicative activities 交际活动(信息差活动/解决问题活动/讨论/辩论/采访/游戏)(3)正确处理准确与流利的关系Accuracy( identify particular phonemes on tape )Fluency( shouldn’t interrupt )(4)创造浓厚外语氛围,鼓励学生敢说乐说The characteristics of a successful speaking task:maximum foreign talk/even participation/high motivation/right language level (5)合理选择口语组织形式,增加学生开口的机会(小组形式/单双人活动)3、口语训练的方法imitativeness模仿性、monologue独白性、performing表演性的口语表达三、阅读教学 P2231、外语阅读的type/form类型(1)根据阅读方式和技巧的不同划分Adaptive reading适应性阅读recognition--read--silent-reading认读--朗读--默读Learning reading学习型阅读plain substance主旨浅显information信息量大,强调阅读速度comprehension理解性阅读real material材料真实、wide theme题材广泛、various types体裁多样,higher difficulty 难度较高(2)根据阅读方式和技巧的不同划分Skinning 面式读法/略读(掌握全文大意或中心思想;报刊、新书)quickly get the gistScanning 点式读法/寻读/跳读(查找具体信息;时间、人名、地点、数字)specific informationIntensive reading 线式读法/精读(详细地阅读,深入分析、理解和记忆)read in detailExtensive reading 纵式读法/泛读(广泛地阅读,阅读速度、快速理解能力、拓宽视野) facilitate process of accumulating vocabulary / increasing target language expose/ broadening scope of vision(3)根据阅读理解的层次划分Literal comprehension 字面理解(依靠语言知识/能力辨认词义和语法结构)language knowledge/competence identify meaning and grammatical structure Inferential/interpretive comprehension 推断性理解(经历、直觉、逻辑判断理解未明示信息)experience/ intuition/ logic judge and understand unexpressed information Evaluative comprehension 评价性理解/应用性理解(理解文章信息的价值)valueAppreciative comprehension 欣赏性理解(情感熏陶和思想启迪)Emotional influence and thought enlightenment2、阅读教学的要领 P226(1)合理选择阅读材料Language difficulties 难度(难于略高于学习者现有水平)higher than present levelInterest 趣味性(充满可读性,激发求知欲和好奇心)readability、thirst for knowledge and curiosityAuthenticity 真实性(英语本族语者撰写)written by native English speakersComprehensiveness 宽泛性(内容反映历史、人物、风土人情、文化习俗以及时尚流行,体裁和题材丰富多样)content various type or forms of literature and theme(2)建立分析性(精读)与综合性(泛读)相结合的阅读教学体系分析性阅读与综合性阅读教学的分工改进现行分析性阅读教学模式,落实阅读训练综合性阅读教学应正规化、课程化(3)重视阅读three elements三要素的培养vocabulary词汇、comprehend理解(topic sentence主题句)、speed速度(4)重视阅读过程中的技巧训练prediction预测、reading for specific抓中心思想、reading for specific information 获取特殊信息、inferring推理(reading between the lines)、identifying the discourse types确认语篇3、阅读教学的approach模式 P2291、The top-down model 自上而下模式为主(pre-reading activities读前环节活动的开展)2、The bottom-up model 自下而上模式为辅(小到大的语言文字单位,重视词汇教学)teaching a text by introducing new vocabularies or structuresfollow the sequence of teaching new words, sentences and then the whole passage 3、The interactive-compensatory approach交互补偿模式4、阅读教学的过程1、Pre-reading tasks 读前环节(背景知识、写作风格、西方风俗)predicting what a passage is about/ creating a word web related to a topic/ sharing what is already known about a topic2、While-reading tasks读中环节(保障充足阅读时间、阅读技能训练)3、Post-reading tasks 读后环节(思维和实践活动)四、写作教学 P2311、写的教学要领(1)Motivate writing motivation 激发写作动机communicative purpose; audience awareness 交际目的读者意识(2)指导写作技巧:写的单项训练(结合语音教学)语篇写作技巧(design skills构思技巧;过程构思、文本构思;model essay范文是有力工具)skill of planning: finding ideas and put them in order(3)根据不同文体风格指导相应的写作策略Formal writing 正式文体(第三人称)typical feature: the precision of language is a priority 语言精确优先well-organized structure 有序的结构wide range of vocabulary and structural patterns 有结构的模式technical terms and definitions 专用名词和定义Informal writing 非正式文体(一、二人称)typical feature: short and incomplete sentences are common 多为短句、简单句(4)分阶段设计教学活动,训练写作技能Controlled writing 控制性写作(gap filling/ transcribe/ sentence pattern transformation填空/抄写/句型转换)Guided writing 指导性写作(completion/ reproduction/ compression/ transformation 续写/复写/缩写/转写)Free writing 自由写作(5)写、correct/ amend改、evaluate评相结合2、写作教学的模式(1)Product-oriented approach注重结果(给题目--写--改,注重语篇整体)(2)Content-oriented approach注重内容(收集材料--组织文章--修改,写前准备)(3)Process-oriented approach注重过程(准备--写作--修改--再改,写作能力)what/how to write peer-editing3、写作教学的process过程一、Pre-writing tasks写前环节的任务和活动(gather and organize ideas激发写作动机)The main procedures of process writing include creating a motivation to write, brainstorming,mapping,freewriting,outlining,drafting,editing,revising,proofreading and conferencing.二、While-writing tasks写中环节的任务和活动(organize written组织成文)drafting, peer-editing, revising三、Post-writing tasks写后环节的任务和活动(comments and feedback 点评和反馈) conferencing第三部分教学设计第一章教学设计skill技能一、教学设计概述 P2411、概念:传统的instructional design 教学设计即lesson planning 备课考虑“如何学”最核心的部分是lesson plan 教案It’s a teaching guide/ It takes into account syllabus教学大纲 and ss./It describes in advance提前 what about how to teach.2、教学设计principle原则aims目标性原则 variety 多样性原则 flexibility 灵活性原则learnability可学性原则 linkage 衔接性选择 feasibility 可行性原则3、教学设计的basic requirements基本要求A language lesson plan usually has the following components:background information,teaching aims, language contents and skills, stages and procedures, teaching aids, assignments, and teacher's after-lesson reflection.4、教学设计新concept理念(1)学生参与课堂设计的自主性(2)教学设计贯穿课堂教学的全过程(3)教学设计的确定性与不确定性相统一5、教学设计的pattern模式Analysis----design----evaluation 分析----设计----评价分析:学习需求(学习objectives目标分析是关键)、学习者、学习content内容设计:教学strategy策略、教学course过程(task appearance--preparation--accomplishment--consolidation 任务呈现--任务准备--任务完成--语言巩固)、教学technique技术评价:教学target目标是否达成是评价教学设计有效性的关键反馈修正(feedback correction):教学评价能够提供大量的教学反馈信息6、英语教学设计的concrete form 具体形式(1)表格式 table form分别陈述学生/教师活动,说明活动目的/意图,突出教学design 设计的理念(2)流程图式 flow chart form 展示教学process过程(format格式不同)(3)叙述式 narrative form二、学情分析 P2481、学习者分析(1)认知特征(2)学习风格 authority-oriented learners崇尚权威型;analytical learners分析型; concrete learners具体型;communicative learners交际型(3)学习方式 accepted 接受性;experience 体验性;independent 自主性;Cooperation 合作性;exploration 探究性2、学习需求分析(1)learning needs的内涵学习目前状态与期望状态之间的差距(2)学习需求分析的内容和方法data collection 数据采集;analyze 分析三、教学内容分析 P2511、教学内容的选择把握fundamentality基础性(vocabulary/ syntactic structure/ language competence/ learning strategy/ cultural knowledge词汇/句法结构/语言能力/学习策略/文化知识)adaptation 适应性(age/ cognitive characteristic 年龄/认知特点)high frequency高频性(frequently used经常使用的)enjoyment 趣味性(激发学习兴趣,保证学习effectiveness 有效性)2、正确理解textbook教材(1)分析教材 textbook evaluation provides authentic language/ matches the needs of learners/ can help realize the objectives of a language program(2)处理教材的方法(LARA法:leave-adapt-replace-add)(3)教材的使用:活化教材、挖掘资源、选准话题(探究性、开放性、生成性)When a teacher using an ELT course book, he should:select appropriate supporting materials and resources.interpret curriculum goals and its expectations for the course.plan lessons in relation to specific goals, topics, texts, and tasks.3、Auxiliary teaching materials辅助教学材料的screening筛选(1)教学材料筛选的原则:启发式、因材施教、动态生成、适时适度(2)教学材料筛选的策略:遵循理念、吃透教材、研究学生(3)辅助教学材料的分类:知识类、技能类、课外活动类、教学辅助类、自主学习类四、教学目标 P255(1)教学目标的陈述内容三个维度:knowledge objective/ ability objective/ emotion objective知识与技能、过程与方法、情感态度与价值观(2)教学目标的陈述要素以行为目标来陈述教学目标,包括四个要素:ABCD模式A-audience 主体或听众(程度副词/百分比/范围副词)+主语(ss/learners)B-behavior 行为listen,sing,imitate,recite,depict,recognize,apply,understand,know,master,enjoy C-conditions 条件after this class, under the guidance of the teacher, after attending a lecture,with the help of substances, through imitation/repeatD-degree 程度/标准clearly, fluently, correctly, efficiently, basically, preliminarily, smoothly, appropriately(3)教学目标的陈述方式按照层级划分有三种goals,aims,objectives(course goals, teaching aims)(1)结果性目标(知识与技能)(2)体验性目标或表现性目标(过程与方法、情感态度与价值观)(4)教学目标的陈述原则comprehensive、suitable、specific、 accurate全面、恰当(目标层次性/内容和已有知识一致性/教学活动连贯性)、具体、准确五、教学重难点 P2591、教学重难点的meaning涵义(1)Teaching key/ Important point教学重点称为subject学科教学的core knowledge核心知识(2)Teaching difficult point 教学难点(3)教学重难点的relation关系教学重点:stability、chronicity 稳定性、长期性教学难点:temporary、relativity 暂时性、相对性2、教学重难点的确定(1)深刻理解课程标准熟悉和贯彻执行课程标准的内容要求(2)深入研究教材教材是教学的主要依据(3)了解学生的实际情况学生是教学的对象/主体(4)善于总结经验虚心学习、不断提高自身教学素质和能力3、突出重点、突破难点的method方法metaphor description比喻说明法、list comparison 列表对比法、exercise 练习法、 Multimedia assisted instruction 多媒体辅助教学法、game activity游戏活动法六、教堂教学process过程设计 P260教学过程(teaching procedure)实现教学、发展和教育三大功能1、课堂导入活动的设计Lead-in导入应达到“3A”的功效:arouse激励启发;advertise引起注意;advance促进(1)课堂导入的方法复习导入法(新旧知识的联结点)、直观导入法(直观教具或多媒体手段)情境导入法(duty report/音乐/故事/游戏导入)、悬念导入法(呈现一系列问题)(2)注意事项导入时间不宜过长(5’/45’);符合教学目标/内容;从学生实际出发(年龄、性格、认知特征);方式新颖有创意2、语言学习与实践活动的设计(呈现、讲解、练习巩固和实践新语言知识)(1)呈现活动的设计(presentation)问题呈现、情景呈现、故事呈现(完整故事贯穿整个课堂教学)、直观呈现(简笔画/图片/模型/幻灯片/身势语)。

教资初中英语必备单词

教资初中英语必备单词

教资初中英语必备单词为了帮助教资考试的考生们更好地备考初中英语,本文将介绍一些必备的单词,以便同学们能够更好地掌握初中英语的基础知识。

1. Noun(名词)1.1 People(人物)- student(学生)- teacher(老师)- parent(家长)- friend(朋友)- classmate(同学)- principal(校长)1.2 Places(地点)- school(学校)- classroom(教室)- library(图书馆)- playground(操场)- cafeteria(食堂)- gymnasium(体育馆)2. Verb(动词)2.1 Actions(动作)- study(学习)- read(阅读)- write(写作)- listen(听)- speak(说话)- play(玩耍)2.2 Daily Activities(日常活动)- eat(吃饭)- sleep(睡觉)- walk(走路)- run(跑步)- swim(游泳)- dance(跳舞)3. Adjective(形容词)- happy(快乐的)- sad(伤心的)- smart(聪明的)- kind(友好的)- tall(高的)- short(矮的)4. Adverb(副词)- slowly(慢慢地)- quickly(快速地)- carefully(小心地)- loudly(大声地)- happily(开心地)- sadly(悲伤地)5. Preposition(介词)- in(在……里面)- on(在……上)- at(在……处)- with(和……一起)- to(到……)- from(从……来)6. Conjunction(连词)- and(和)- but(但是)- or(或者)- so(所以)- because(因为)- although(尽管)以上是一些初中英语中常见的必备单词,希望能对大家备考教资初中英语有所帮助。

英语九年级上册16课笔记

英语九年级上册16课笔记

英语九年级上册16课笔记u n i t1【重点短语】1. have conversation with sb. 同某人谈话2. too…to…太……而不能3. the secret to………的秘诀4. be afraid of doing sth./ be afraid to do sth. 害怕做某事5. look up 查阅6. repeat out loud 大声跟读7. make mistakes in 在……方面犯错误8. connect ……with…把……和……连接/联系起来9. get bored 感到厌烦10. be stressed out 焦虑不安的11. pay attention to 注意;关注12. depend on 取决于;依靠13. the ability to do sth.. 做某事的能力u n i t2【短语归纳】1. the Lantern Festival 元宵节2. the Dragon Boat Festival 端午节3. the Water Festival 泼水节4. be fun to watch 看着很有意思5. eat five meals a day 一天吃五餐6. put on five pounds 体重增加了五磅7. in two weeks 两星期之后8. be similar to... 与.......相似17. end up最终成为;最后处于18. share sth. with sb. 与……分享……19. as a result 结果20. dress up 乔装打扮21. haunted house 鬼屋22. call out 大声呼喊23. remind sb. of 使某人想起24. sound like 听起来像25. treat sb. with. 用/以……对待某人26. the beginning of new life 新生命的开始u n i t3【短语归纳】1. used to do sth. 过去常常做某事2. be afraid of 害怕3. from time to time 时常;有时4. turn red 变红5. take up 开始做,从事,占据(时间、空间)6. deal with 对付;应付7. not…any more 不再8. tons of attention 很多关注9. worry about 担心10. be careful 当心11. hang out 闲逛12. give up 放弃13. thank about 考虑14. a very small number of…极少数的……15. be alone 独处16. give a speech 做演讲u n i t3【短语归纳】1. used to do sth. 过去常常做某事2. be afraid of 害怕3. from time to time 时常;有时4. turn red 变红5. take up 开始做,从事,占据(时间、空间)6. deal with 对付;应付7. not…any more 不再8. tons of attention 很多关注9. worry about 担心10. be careful 当心11. hang out 闲逛12. give up 放弃13. thank about 考虑14. a very small number of…极少数的……15. be alone 独处16. give a speech 做演讲u n i t4【重点短语】1. be more interested in 对…更感兴趣2. on the swim team 游泳队的队员3. be terrified of 害怕4. gym class 体操课5. worry about 担心6. all the time 一直,总是7. chat with 与…闲聊8. hardly ever 几乎从不9. walk to school = go to school on foot 步行去上学take the bus to school = go to school by bus 乘车去上学10. as well as 不仅…而且...u n i t5【重点短语】1. be made of 由……制造2. be made in 在……制造3. environmental protection 环境保护4. be famous for 以……而著名5. be produced in 在……生产6. be known for 以……闻名7. as far as I know 据我所知8. pick by hand 手工采摘9. send for 发送10. avoid doing sth 避免做某事11. everyday things 日用品。

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教师资格考试初中英语词汇知识点总结十六speak highly of sb. 高度评价某人、夸耀某人
speak in a high/low voice 大(小)声说话
speak into the telephone 通电话
speed up 加速
spend time in doing 在做……上花费时间
spend time on sth 在……上花费时间
spit out 吐出
stand for 代表、表示
stand still 一直站着
stare at 盯着
start a fire 生火
start doing 开始(继续)做(刚做过的事)
start for sp. 到某地
start to do 开始做(另一件事)
stay silent 保持沉默
stay still 一直呆着
stay up 挺立;熬夜
step by step 一步一步地
step into 走到……(内部)
step onto 走到……(表面)
sth. be being built ……正在被建
sth. be beyond question 毫无疑问
sth. be considered (to be) ……被……看作
sth. be familiar to sb. 某人对……熟悉
sth. be in question ……在考虑范围之内
sth. be on sale ……正被出售
sth. be out of question 毫无疑问
sth. be out of the question 不可能的、不合情理的
sth. be supplied to sb. 某物被提供给……
sth. be taken for ①被当作、被看作②误认为……
sth. be to one’s taste 适合……的口味、品味
sth. be used as ……被当作
sth. be used for ……被用作
sth. be used to do ……被用来做
sth. closed with sth. 以……结束……
sth. cost sb. some money ……花某人多少钱
sth. determine sb. to do ……使某人下决心做某事
sth. do/does/did not help ……不起作用
sth. had not done…when 某事还没做多久时……
sth. happen to sb. 某人遇到某事
sth. last sb. some time 维持多长时间
sth. stand on end 直立、挺立
stick in 陷进……、困入……
stick to 坚持(信念、观点、原则、决定、计划、诺言);粘上stop doing 停止做某事
stop sb./sth. (from) doing 阻止……做某事
store up 贮藏、储藏
strictly speaking 严格地说
strike a match 划一根火柴
struggle against 与……作斗争、与……交战
struggle for sth. 为了……而斗争
struggle to one's feet 挣扎着站起来
struggle with 与……作斗争、与……交战
succeed in doing sth. 做……成功
such as 就像、比如
suffer from 遭受
suggest (that) sb. (should) do 建议某人应该做某事(虚拟语气)
suggest doing…/sth. 建议(做)……
suggest sth. to sb. 建议某人做某事
suggest that…表明、暗示
suggest to sb. sth. 建议某人做某事
suit his act to the needs of the (students) 使他的行为适合(学生)的要求supply sb. with sth. 将……供应给……
supply sth. to sb. 将……供应给……
suppose sb. to be 猜想某人会……
suppose sb. to do 猜想某人会做……
suppose that…猜想……
swim to sp. 向……游
switch off 切断(电源开关等)
take (an active) part in (积极地)参加
take a boat from across the (lake) 从(湖)的对面搭一艘船take a deep breath 深呼吸
take a message for sb. 为(发信人)留个信
take a message to sb. 给(收信人)留/传个信
take a rest 休息
take a seat 坐下
take a taxi 找出租车、打的
take a trip (因私)旅行
take after ①长得像②追赶(美国英语)
take along 携带
take another two pills 再吃两粒药
take around 带人参观
take aside 把人带到一边
take away 拿走
take back ①拿回②退缩
take care 小心
take control of 控制
take down ①写下、记下②拿下
take from 从……取得
take in ①欺骗②收留③吸入、拿进来
take it easy ①别紧张、放松②掉以轻心
take it for granted that…认为……是理所当然的
take measures 采取措施
take no notice of 没有注意
take notes 做记录
take notice that 把……列入考虑、对……注意。

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