形容词及其用法

形容词及其用法

形容词修饰名词，说明事物或人的性质或特征。通常，可将形容词分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类，其位置不一定都放在名词前面

1. 直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词，它有级的变化，可以用程度副词修饰，在句中可作定语、表语和补语。例如：hot 热的。

2. 叙述形容词只能作表语，所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化，也不可用程度副词修饰。例如：ill (he man is ill)。

这类词还有： well，unwell，ill，faint，afraid，alike，alive，alone，asleep，awake 等。

3. 形容词作定语修饰名词时，要放在名词的前边。但是如果形容词修饰以-thing 为字尾的词语时，要放在这些词之后，例如：something nice

以-ly结尾的形容词

1. 大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但 friendly，deadly，lovely，lonely，likely，lively，ugly，brotherly，仍为形容词。

例如：Her singing was lovely.

2. 有些以-ly 结尾既为形容词，也为副词。例如：daily，weekly，monthly，yearly，early (The Times is a daily paper.)

用形容词表示类别和整体

1. 某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人，与谓语动词的复数连接。如：the dead，the living，the rich，the poor，the blind，the hungry (The poor are losing hope. )

2. 有关国家和民族的形容词加上定冠词指这个民族的整体，与动词的复数连用。例如：the British，the English，the French，the Chinese. (The English have wonderful sense of humor. ) 多个形容词修饰名词的顺序

多个形容词修饰名词时，其顺序为：

限定词--数词--描绘词--(大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色) --出处--材料性质，类别--名词

例如：

a small round table

a tall gray building

a dirty old brown shirt

a famous German medical school

an expensive Japanese sports car

容词在前，音节多的方在后，在不能确定时，可参照下表：

限定词+数量词（序数词在前，基数词在后）+性状形容词+大小、长短、高低等形体+新旧+颜色+国籍+材料+名词 those + three + beautiful + large + square + old + brown + wood + table

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形容词须注意的问题

1. 只能用作定语，不能用作表语的形容词：little，wooden，golden，many，elder

2. 只能用作表语，不能用作定语的形容词：well，ill，alone, content，unable，worth，afraid，alive, asleep, ashamed, awake, aware.

an ill boy, an alone village 就是错的短语, an ill idea 坏点子ill当定语时是转义了, 不是有病的了。

3. 表示倍数常用的句型:

He is as tall a boy as I.

He is a head taller than I .

He is two years older than I

China is four times as large as Europe.

I am twice as old as you

I am twice older than you.

I am twice the age of you.

My books are twice as many as yours

China is four times larger than Europe.

China is four times the size of Europe.

I pay twice as much as it was worth.

I pay twice as much for the house.

4. 与动词有区别,表示延续状态的形容词:open,dead, still静,一动也不动,常修饰动词sit,stand

The door is open/closed.不要选opened或close.有特殊意义的形容词有: closed关,close形容词是近,不是关了

near,nearly,hard,hardly,most,mostly大多数

5. very修饰原级形容词副词，修饰—ing，放在名词前表示强调。

6. much 修饰动词，修饰比较级最高级，修饰过去分词。

7. --ly结尾一般是副词，但有些—ly结尾是形容词的：lonely，friendly，They talk in a friendly way.lovely，ugly，silly，likely，deadly，

8. 在be，seem，及物当主语的look，taste。smell，feel，sound，appear等动词后用形容词，I looked at the flower. The flower looks beautiful. He appeared (出现)suddenly. He appeared(显得) happy.

9. 表示主语长期的静止状态,不强调动作的sit,stand,lie 接形容词quiet, silent, still, red, peaceful等

The valley lay quiet and peaceful

She sat silent. They stood still.

10. become,fall ,get,go,turn 表示变得时后跟形容词.

The leaves fell/got/went/turned yellow.

It fell/got/went/turned cold.

11. present 表示出席的,到场的的时候常放在名词后,the members present 表示现在的则放在名词前 the present members

12. live有时可用做形容词: a live fish 活鱼(形容动物，不形容人 ) The broadcast comes to you live from Canada 实况转播 That wire is live 电线是带电的 lively 生动的，活泼的。His class is often lively.

13. the +adj表示一类人,是复数

The rich should help the poor.

the blind/wounded/young/old