考试试卷近3年Word版
2024年高考真题——地理(广西卷)Word版含解析
由材料“云南省红河哈尼族彝族自治州建水县葡萄产业实现规模化发展”并结合所学知识可知,云南省是我国少数民族分布最多的省,邻近的五个传统农业县数万劳动力前来建水县务工,有利于建水县在乡村振兴中增进民族交融、推进产业专业化发展,②③正确;由材料“葡萄的种植、修剪、疏果、采摘、包装等生产环节用工需求大,…邻近的五个传统农业县”可知,邻近五县劳动力素质较低,主要从事葡萄种植、修剪、蔬果、采摘、包装等附加值较低、技术含量较低的生产环节,故人口流动对建水县加快生产智能化作用不大,①错误;数万劳动力流入建水县,会加剧当地人地矛盾,不利于改善当地生态环境,④错误。故本题选C。
3.邻近五县劳动力向建水县流动的主要原因是县际间()
A.农业结构差异B.文化习俗相近C.人口分布不均D.交通联系便捷
4.人口流动有利于建水县在乡村振兴中()
①加快生产智能化②增进民族交融③推进产业专业化④改善生态环境
A.①②B.①④C.②③D.③④
【答案】3. A 4. C
【解析】
【3题详解】
由材料“建水县葡萄产业实现规模化发展…用工需求大”、“邻近的五个传统农业县”可知,传统农业县农业生产方式落后,经济效益低下,当地农民收入较低,建水县葡萄的种植、修剪、蔬果、采摘、包装等生产环节用工需求大,吸引了邻近的五个传统农业县数万劳动力前来务工,综上,邻近五县劳动力向建水县流动的主要原因是县际间农业结构差异,A正确;文化习俗相近、交通联系便捷不是主要原因,BD错误;根据材料无法判断该地区人口分布状况,C错误。故选A。
【点睛】汽车是增长最快的温室气体排放源之一,所排放的废气含有一氧化碳、碳氢化合物、氮氧化合物等化学物质,能引起光化学烟雾对动植物有影响,甚至对建筑材料也有影响,并且大大降低能见度影响出行。绿色出行能有效减少温室气体排放,改善地球生态环境。
武汉市部分学校2023-2024学年度上学期9月考九年级理化试题(word版含答案)
2023~2024学年度武汉市部分学校9月月考理化综合试卷2023年9月说明:本试卷分Ⅰ卷和Ⅱ卷,满分120分,考试用时120分钟。
注意事项:1.答题前,务必将姓名、考号等信息填写在答题卡指定位置。
2.请将答案直接填写在答题卡上。
3.可能用到的物理量:ρ水=1.0×103kg/m 3ρ油=0.8×103kg/m 3c 水=4.2×103J/(kg ·℃)q 氢=1.4×108J/kgq 汽油4.6×107J/kg第Ⅰ卷(选择题共60分)一、选择题。
(下列各题中只有一个选项是正确的,请将正确选项序号填在答题卡上。
共20小题,每小题3分,共60分。
)1.武汉有许多国家级、省市级非遗项目。
下列属于化学变化的是A .湖泗窑烧制陶瓷B .木雕船模C .用针线制作汉绣D .用糖水制作武汉糖画2.实验是科学探究的重要手段。
下列图示实验操作中,正确的是A .将锌粒放入试管中B .读出液体的体积C .滴加液体D .引燃酒精灯3.化学与生活息息相关。
下列有关说法错误的是A .利用化学生产化肥和农药,可以增加粮食的产量B .点燃蜡烛刚熄灭时产生的白烟,蜡烛能重新燃烧C .被污染的空气会严重损害人体健康,所以人类要保护空气D .硫燃烧时生成有刺激性气味的气体,所以硫不能在空气中燃烧4.利用分类的方法学习在化学,可以起到事半功倍的效果。
下列物质属于混合物的是A .硫酸铜溶液B .五氧化二磷C .二氧化硫D .锰酸钾5.实验室用高锰酸钾制取氧气的实验中,不需要使用的一组仪器是A .大试管、铁架台B .烧杯、玻璃棒C .集气瓶、酒精灯D .导管、单孔塞6.推理是重要的科学思维方法。
下列推理正确的是A .氧气是一种无色气体,所以液态氧也没有颜色B .氧化反应都有热量放出,所以缓慢氧化放出热量C .化学变化中常伴随放热、发光等现象,所以有放热、发光现象的是化学变化D .氮气的化学性质不活泼,常作保护气,所以化学性质不活泼的气体都可用作保护气7.如图所示,两只燃烧匙里装有少许等质量的白磷与木炭粉,观察后再分别在空气中加热燃烧,根据燃烧难易及剧烈程度不同,实验过程中有如下推测,说法正确的是A .白磷为红色粉末,木炭粉为黑色粉末B .二者可以在空气中燃烧,都可用于烤肉C .引燃白磷和木炭粉所需的最低温度相同D .白磷和木炭粉化学性质不同8.用如图装置进行实验,打开活塞向锥形瓶中滴加Y 后关闭活塞,一段时间后打开弹簧夹。
2023年湖北省武汉市初中毕业生学业考试(中考)(word 版,含答案)
2023年湖北省武汉市初中毕业生学业考试(中考)语文试卷亲爱的同学:在你答题前,请认真阅读下面的注意事项。
1.本试卷由“阅读”和“表达”两部分组成。
全卷共8页:七大题,满分120分,考试用时150分钟。
2.答题前,请将你的姓名、准考证号填写在“答题卡”相应位置,并在“答题卡”背面左上角填写姓名和座位号。
将条形码横贴在答题卡第1页右上“贴条形码区”。
3.作答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑;如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案。
答在“试卷”上无效。
4.非选择题必须用0.5毫米黑色笔迹签字笔作答,答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区城内相应位置上。
答在“试卷”上无效。
5.认真阅读答题卡上的注意事项。
预祝你取得优异成绩!Ⅰ阅读(共55分)一、阅读下面的实用类文本,完成1~3题。
(10分)文创产品如何破解同质化难题①文创产品指以文化为主题或基本元素,在设计、加工、营销等环节融入创新意识,兼具文化内涵与创新属性的产品。
小到一张贴纸、一对耳环,大到一个电视节目、一处旅游景点,都可以被赋予特定的文化内涵,打造为文创产品。
②优秀的文创产品不仅可以表达文化、传承文化,更能推动文化产业发展,助力经济增长。
中央广播电视台制作的文创精品《国家宝藏》节目,别出心裁地将有代表性的中国文物与电视舞台剧的艺术表现形式结合起来,讲述中国文物宝藏的前世今生。
节目播出后,故宫博物院等多家国家级博物馆的参观人数大幅增加,“为一座博物馆赴一座城”成为旅游打卡的新趋势。
③优秀的文创产品带来了消费热潮,文创产品的同质化问题也随之出现。
某地青砖灰瓦的传统建筑成了旅游热点,不久各地就都建起了“仿古主题小镇”—一满街青砖灰瓦,哪怕完全不符合当地的历史建筑形态。
一个景区以本地景观为造型的文创雪糕上热搜了,其他景区便亦步亦趋,群起售卖类似的文创雪糕——造型虽然有所不同,吃到嘴里都是一样的甜腻。
④文创产品开发设计的周期长、成本高、难度大,而一旦出现爆款,优秀的文创产品被证明了能获取利润,又很容易被一窝蜂地复制模仿。
2023年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 语文 (天津卷) word版(2023年word版)
2023年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(天津卷)语文第Ⅰ卷一、(12分)1.下列词语中加点地字地读音,全都正确地一组是A.奇葩.(pā)哈.(hǎ)达砧.(zhān)板不胫.(jìng)而走B.坎坷.(kě)勖.(xù)勉棘.(jí)手拾.(shè)级而上C.着.(zháo)重巷.(hàng)道混.(hùn)沌中规中矩.(jǔ)D.畸(jī)形慰藉.(jiè)骁.(xiāo)勇抵.(dǐ)掌而谈2.下列词语中没有..错别字地一组是A.甄别腥红亲和力声名鹊起B. 迂腐乔迁舶来品两全其美C. 福祉喝彩挖墙脚甘之如饴D. 真谛整饬明信片共商国是3.下面语段横线处应填入地词语,最恰当地一组是我们都知道,现在"种花"已经不能呢个仅凭劳动力和气候来___收益了。
如果没有优良地花卉品种、先进地栽培技术、专业规模和品牌,___有再好地气候和再廉价地劳动力,也无法带来产业地快速_____,而要获得更大地产业效益,则与科技进步、资金投入、法制保障等因素_____。
A.决定即使提升息息相关B.决定虽然提高休戚相关C.确定即使提升休戚相关D.确定虽然提高息息相关4.下列各句中没有..语病且句意明确地一句是A.天津东临渤海,华北诸河汇流海河,东流出海,是沿海各省通往京城和华北腹地河流交通地枢纽。
B.20世纪后期,学者们有条件广泛接触西方人文社会科学,尽管在对其介绍和评价等方面有不少值得商榷之处,但他们取得地成绩还是应当肯定地。
C.我突然记起黄发垂髫初懂事理地时候,母亲告诫我地一句话:早起地鸟儿地有食吃。
D.纪念馆分序厅、抗倭、抗英、抗法、抗日、尾厅等六部分组成,充分显示了中华儿女不畏强暴、自强不息地民族精神。
二、(9分)阅读下面地文字,完成5~7题。
20世纪中叶,由于环境问题地产生和日益严重,西方有识之士开始从道德地角度关注生态环境现象,提出生态伦理观念,并积极倡导和开展环境教育与生态道德教育。
浙江省2024年中考科学真题Word版(含解析)
浙江省2024年初中学业水平考试科学试卷1.(2024·浙江)下列模型(表示氧原子,表示碳原子)能表示一氧化碳分子的是()A.B.C.D.2.(2024·浙江)近期,科研人员在浙江发现一新物种(如图)。
它开黄色的小花,花药红褐色,果实6月成熟。
据此判断,该物种属于()A.藻类植物B.蕨类植物C.裸子植物D.被子植物3.(2024·浙江)某同学冲泡了一杯热饮。
下列选项中不能加快热饮降温的是()A.向杯口不断吹气B.取一空杯子互倒热饮C.向杯中加入冰块D.拧紧杯盖静置于桌面4.(2024·浙江)人体眼球中的晶状体相当于()A.凹透镜B.凹面镜C.凸透镜D.平面镜5.(2024·浙江)关于维生素C(化学式为C6H8O6),下列说法正确的是()A.属于氧化物B.由碳、氢、氧三种元素组成C.氢元素质量分数最大D.分子中碳、氢、氧的原子个数比为1∶2∶16.(2024·浙江)如图所示,取一个配有活塞的厚玻璃筒,选择一团可燃物置于筒内,压下活塞。
为了可燃物更易燃烧,关于所选可燃物的着火点及对活塞的操作正确的是()A.着火点低,缓慢下压B.着火点高,缓慢下压C.着火点低,快速下压D.着火点高,快速下压7.(2024·浙江)近年,在北京琉璃河遗址发掘出西周初期的9具人骨,科研人员通过测定其遗传物质以明确亲缘关系。
据此判断,测定的物质是()A.淀粉B.脂肪C.蛋白质D.DNA 8.(2024·浙江)长江鲟(如图)是我国特有的一种珍稀鱼类,其生殖方式最可能为()A.体内受精,卵生B.体内受精,胎生C.体外受精,卵生D.体外受精,胎生9.(2024·浙江)下列图示实验中的铁钉最容易生锈的是()A.B.C.D.10.(2024·浙江)运河中一艘货船因偏离航道搁浅(如图)。
为使该货船能回到航道继续航行,下列措施一定不可行的是()A.借助浮筒使船上浮B.将货船拖回到航道C.清除货船底部淤泥D.将货物搬到甲板上11.(2024·浙江)用导线将开关、灵敏电流计和材质不同的钥匙甲、乙相连,将两钥匙插入橙子中(如图)。
2023年重庆中考语文试卷真题以及答案解析【word版】
2023年重庆中考语文试卷真题以及答案解析【word版】2023年重庆中考语文试卷真题及答案解析第一部分选择题1. 下列词语中,不属于古诗《临江仙·滔滔江水》所表述的意境的是()A.苍茫的天涯是我的爱,绵绵的山河无尽时。
B.烟笼寒水月笼沙,夜泊秦淮近酒家。
C.江流宛转绕芳甸,月照花林皆似霰。
D.悠悠生死别经年,魂魄不曾来入梦。
2. 下列词语中,有错误用法的一项是()A. 山重水复疑无路,前方已见出口光明。
B. 日出江花红胜火,春来江水绿如蓝。
C. 忽如一夜春风来,千树万树梨花开。
D. 种豆南山下,草盛豆苗稀。
3. 《浪淘沙·北戴河》的作者是()A.戴望舒B.汪国真C.舒婷D.徐志摩4. 下列关于成语“一表人才”的说法,不正确的是()A.形容人才出众,大有可为。
B.成语故事的主角是康熙皇帝。
C.出自《水浒传》。
D.后来,“一表人才”转变为“一表非凡”5. 下列句子中,没有语病的是()A.昨天晚上迟做作业,早上背书的时候就觉得疲惫不堪。
B.这道题做得十分的困难,许多同学们都不会做。
C.目前,很多孩子在日常饮食中膳食纤维缺乏的情况都比较的普遍。
D.单凭他现在的研究状态,难以想象如何通过高考。
第二部分非选择题八年级下册请用自己的话简述课本中所学的《人间词话》。
(1)你了解《人间词话》吗?请简要介绍一下。
(2)《人间词话》中包括哪些篇章?(3)列举三个《人间词话》中的成语或词语,并解释其含义。
(4)寻找一首《唐诗三百首》中的诗歌,结合你读过的有关《人间词话》的篇章,简要分析这首诗和《人间词话》的联系。
2023年重庆中考语文试卷答案解析1. A。
本题要求考生根据题干所给出的诗句,适当解读表达的意象和意境,然后结合选项,选择与题干不符的选项。
本题为填词型选择题。
2. A。
本题考查考生识记语言的正确性及运用正确语言表达。
需要考生辨析句中“山重水复”与“前方已见出口”的逻辑关系。
3. D。
本题要求考生加强对作者的了解,明确汪之真、舒婷、徐志摩这些非《北戴河》的作者,并正确选择出《北戴河》的作者戴望舒。
2023年广东省初中数学学业水平考试(中考)试卷(word版可编辑)
2023年广东省初中学业水平考试数学本试卷共4页,23小题,满分120分.考试用时90分钟.注意事项:1.答卷前,考生务必用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔将自己的准考证号、姓名、考场号和座位号填写在答题卡上,用2B铅笔在“考场号”和“座位号”栏相应位置填涂自己的考场号和座位号,将条形码粘贴在答题卡“条形码粘贴处”.2.作答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑;如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案,答案不能答在试卷上.3.非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答,答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上;如需改动,先划掉原来的答案,然后再写上新的答案;不准使用铅笔和涂改液.不按以上要求作答的答案无效.4.考生必须保持答题卡的整洁.考试结束后,将试卷和答题卡一并交回.一、选择题:本大题共10小题,每小题3分,共30分,在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的.1.负数的概念最早出现在我国古代著名的数学专著《九章算术》中.如果把收入5元记作+5元,那么支出5元记作A.-5元B.0元C.+5元D.+10元2.下列出版社的商标图案中,是轴对称图形的为3.2023年5月28日,我国自主研发的C919国产大飞机商业首航取得圆满成功.C919储存约186000升燃油,将数据186000用科学记数法表示为A. 0.186×105B.1.86×105C. 18.6×104D.186×1034.如题4图,街道AB与CD平行,拐角∠ABC=137°,则拐角∠BCD=A. 43°B.107°C.53°D. 137°5.计算3a +2a的结果为A.1 aB. 6a²C.5aD.6a6.我国著名数学家华罗庚曾为普及优选法作出重要贡献,优选法中有一种0.618法应用了A.黄金分割数B.平均数C.众数D.中位数7.某学校开设了劳动教育课程,小明从感兴趣的“种植”“烹饪”“陶艺”“木工”4门课程中随机选择一门学习,每门课程被选中的可能性相等.小明恰好选中“烹饪”的概率为A.1 8B. 16C.14D.128.一元一次不等式组{x<4x−2>1的解集为A. -1<x<4B. x<4C. x<3D. 3<x<49.如题9图,AB是⊙O的直径,∠BAC=50°,则∠D=A.20°B.40°C.50°D.80°10.如题10图,抛物线y=ax²+c经过正方形OABC的三个顶点A,B,C,点B在y轴上,则ac的值为A. -1B. -2C.-3D.-4二、填空题:本大题共5小题,每小题3分,共15分.11.因式分解:x²-1=_________________.12.计算:√3×√12=_________________.13.某蓄电池的电压为48V,使用此蓄电池时,电流I(单位:A)与电阻R(单位:Ω)的函数表达式为I=48R,当R=12Ω时,I的值为________A.14.某商品进价4元,标价5元出售,商家准备打折销售,但其利润率不能少于10%,则最多可打______折.15.边长分别为10,6,4的三个正方形拼接在一起,它们的底边在同一直线上(如题15图),则图中阴影部分的面积为______.三、解答题(一):本大题共3小题,第16题10分,第17、18题各7分,共24分.16.(1)计算:√83+|−5|+(−1)2023(2)已知一次函数y=kx+b的图象经过点(0,1)与点(2,5),求该一次函数的表达式.17.某学校开展了社会实践活动,活动地点距离学校12km.甲、乙两同学骑自行车同时从学校出发,甲的速度是乙的1.2倍,结果甲比乙早到10min,求乙同学骑自行车的速度.18.2023年5月30日,神舟十六号载人飞船发射取得圆满成功,3名航天员顺利进驻中国空间站.如题18图中的照片展示了中国空间站上机械臂的一种工作状态.当两臂AC=BC=10m,两臂夹角∠ACB=100°时,求A,B两点间的距离.(结果精确到0.1m.参考数据sin 50°≈0.766,cos50°≈0.643,tan 50°≈1.192)四、解答题(二):本大题共3小题,每小题9分,共27分.19.如题19图,□ABCD中,∠DAB=30°.(1)实践与操作:用尺规作图法过点D作AB边上的高DE;(保留作图痕迹,不要求写作法)(2)应用与计算:在(1)的条件下,AD=4,AB=6,求BE的长.20.综合与实践主题:制作无盖正方体形纸盒素材:一张正方形纸板.步骤1:如题20-1图,将正方形纸板的边长三等分,画出九个相同的小正方形,并剪去四个角上的小正方形;步骤2:如题20-2图,把剪好的纸板折成无盖正方体形纸盒.猜想与证明:(1)直接写出纸板上∠ABC与纸盒上∠A1B1C1的大小关系;(2)证明(1)中你发现的结论.21.小红家到学校有两条公共汽车线路.为了解两条线路的乘车所用时间,小红做了试验,第一周(5个工作日)选择A线路,第二周(5个工作日)选择B线路,每天在固定时间段内乘车2次并分别记录所用时间,数据统计如下:(单位:min)(1)填空:ɑ=_______; b=________; c=_______;(2)应用你所学的统计知识,帮助小红分析如何选择乘车线路.五、解答题(三):本大题共2小题,每小题12分,共24分.22.综合探究如题22-1图,在矩形ABCD中(AB>AD),对角线AC,BD相交于点O,点A关于BD的对称点为A'.连接AA'交BD于点E,连接CA'.(1)求证:AA'⊥CA';(2)以点0为圆心,OE为半径作圆.①如题22-2图,O0与CD相切,求证:AA'=√3CA:②如题22-3图,OO与CA'相切,AD=1,求00的面积.23.综合运用如题23-1图,在平面直角坐标系中,正方形OABC的顶点A在x轴的正半轴上,如题23-2图,将正方形OABC绕点O逆时针旋转,旋转角为α(0°<α<45°),AB交直线y=x于点E,BC交y轴于点F.(1)当旋转角△COF为多少度时,OE=OF;(直接写出结果,不要求写解答过程)(2)若点A(4,3),求FC的长;(3)如题23-3图,对角线AC交y轴于点M,交直线y=x于点N,连接FN.将△OFN与△OCF 的面积分别记为S与S.设S=S1−S2,AN=n,求S关于n的函数表达式.。
2023年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(广东卷)数学试题(2023年word版)
2023年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(广东卷)数学本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分。
第Ⅰ卷1至2页。
第Ⅱ卷3至8页。
共150分。
考试时间120分钟。
第Ⅰ卷(选择题共60分) 注意事项:1.答第Ⅰ卷前,考生务必将自己地姓名、考生号、座位号、考试科目、试卷类型(A 或B )用铅笔涂写在答题卡上,同时将才生号条形码粘贴在答题卡"条形码粘贴处"。
2.每小题选出解析后,用铅笑把答题卡上对应题目地解析标号涂黑,如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其它解析,不能答在试卷卷上。
3.考试结束,监考人将本试卷和答题卡一并收回。
参考公式:三角函数地积化和差公式)]cos()[cos(21sin sin )]sin()[sin(21sin cos )]sin()[sin(21cos sin βαβαβαβαβαβαβαφαβα--+-=--+=-++=正棱台、圆台地侧面积公式l S )c c (21+'=台侧 其中c '、c 分别表示上、下底面周长,l 表示斜高或母线长 台体地体积公式h S S S V )S (31+'+=台体其中S '、S 分别表示上、下底面积,h 表示高。
一、选择题:本大题共12小题,每小题5分,共60分,在每小题给出地四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求地。
(1)已知集合],43,2,1[=A ,那么A 地真子集地个数是: (A )15 (B )16 (C )3 (D )4(2)在复平面内,把复数i 33-对应地向量按顺时钟方向旋转3π,所得向量对应地复数是:(A )23 (B )i 32- (C )3i 3- (D )3+i 3(3)一个长方体共一顶点地三个面地面积分别是2,3,6,这个长方体对角线地长是:(A )23 (B )32 (C )6 (D )6 (4)已知sin α>sin β,那么下列命题成立地是(A )若α、β是第一象限角,则cos α>cos β (B )若α、β是第二象限角,则tg α>tg β (C )若α、β是第三象限角,则cos α>cos β (D )若α、β是第四象限角,则tg α>tg β (5)函数x x y cos -=地部分图象是(6)《中华人民共和国个人所得税法》规定,公民全月工资、薪金所得不超过800元地部分不必纳税,超过:全月应纳税所得额 税率 不超过500元地部分 5% 超过500元至2000元地部分 10% 超过2000元至5000元地部分 15%… …某人一月份应交纳此项税款26.78元,则他地当月工资、薪金所得介于(A )800~900元 (B )900~1200元 (C )1200~1500元 (D )1500~2800元(7)若a >b >1,⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛+=+=⋅=2lg ),lg (lg 21,lg lg b a R b a Q b a P ,则 (A )R <P <Q (B )P <Q <R (C )Q <P <R (D )P <R <Q(8)以极坐标系中地点(1,1)为圆心,1为半径地圆地方程是 (A )⎪⎭⎫⎝⎛-=4cos 2πθρ (B )⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛-=4sin 2πθρ (C )()1cos 2-=θρ (C )()1sin 2-=θρ(9)一个圆柱地侧面展开图是一个正方形,这个圆柱地全面积与侧面积地比是 (A )ππ221+ (B )ππ441+ (C )ππ21+ (D )ππ241+ (10)过原点地直线与圆2x +2y +x 4+3=0相切,若切点在第三象限,则该直线地方程是(A )x y 3= (B )x y 3-= (C )x y 33=(D )x y 33-= (11)过抛物线)0(2a ax y =地焦点F 作一直线交抛物线于P 、Q 两点,若线段PF 与FQ 地长分别是p 、q,则p 1+q1等于 (A )a 2 (B )a 21 (C )a 4 (D )a4 (12)如图,OA 是圆雏底面中心O 互母线地垂线,OA 绕轴旋转一周所得曲面将圆锥分成体积相等地两部分,则母线与轴地夹角地余弦值为(A )321(B )21(C )21 (D )n212023年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(广东卷)数学第Ⅱ卷(非选择题共90分) 注意事项:1.第Ⅱ卷共6页,用钢笔或圆珠笔直接答在试卷卷中。
2024年高考真题——地理(湖北卷) Word版含答案
机密★启用前2024年湖北省普通高中学业水平选择性考试地理本试卷共6页,18题。
全卷满分100分。
考试用时75分钟。
★祝考试顺利★注意事项:1.答题前,先将自己的姓名、准考证号、考场号、座位号填写在试卷和答题卡上,并认真核准准考证号条形码上的以上信息,将条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。
2.请按题号顺序在答题卡上各题目的答题区域内作答,写在试卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
3.选择题用2B铅笔在答题卡上把所选答案的标号涂黑;非选择题用黑色签字笔在答题卡上作答;字体工整,笔迹清楚。
4.考试结束后,请将试卷和答题卡一并上交。
一、选择题:本题共15小题,每小题3分,共45分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的。
“看樱花,到武大”。
每年三月,成千上万游客的浪漫约定,就是到樱顶赏珞樱。
#武大樱花开了吗#这一关于武汉大学樱花花期的话题频频登上热搜。
樱花盛开时节,樱花大道洁白如雪,灿若云霞,珞樱缤纷,美不胜收。
根据物候学理论,气候条件对植物开花早晚有重要影响。
下表反映1947~2022年武汉大学樱花花期的变化情况。
如图示意武汉大学樱花景观。
据此完成下面小题。
年份平均十年开花日期平均十年落花日期1947~19563月22日4月2日1957~19663月21日4月2日1967~19763月23日4月5日1977~19863月18日4月1日1987~19963月13日4月1日1997~20063月13日3月31日2007~20163月12日3月28日2017~20223月9日3月25日1. 据上表数据分析可知,武汉大学樱花绽放日期总体上()A. 显著提前,但花期更短B. 显著提前,但花期更长C. 明显推迟,但花期更短D. 明显推迟,但花期更长2. 推测影响武汉大学樱花开花早晚的主要气象因素是()A. 气温B. 气压C. 降水D. 日照3. 武汉大学作为全国知名度极高的赏樱地,其独特魅力在于()A. 自然环境优美B. 基础设施完善C. 人文底蕴深厚D. 学术大师云集不同类型食物的碳足迹差异显著。
湖南省2024年普通高等学校对口招生考试数学试卷(word版)
湖南省2024年普通高等学校对口招生考试数学本试题卷包括选择题、填空题和解答题三部分,共5页.时量120分钟,满分120分。
一、选择题(本大题共10小题,每小题4分,共40分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的)1.已知集合M={1,3,5},N={3,4,5,6},则M∩N=A. {3,5}B. {4,6}C. {1,4,6 }D. {1,3,4,5,6}2.已知数列{a。
}的通项公式为a, =2n+3, n∈N,若a_=37, 则m=A.15B.17C.20D.343.函数y=x+1的图像A.关于原点对称B.关于x轴对称C.关于y轴对称D.关于直线y=x对称4.从7名学生中选派2名学生分别到甲、乙两地参加社会实践活动,则不同的选派方法共有A.14种B.21种C.42种D.49种s.已知a=0.3 , b=23 , c=logo32,则A. a<b<cB. c<b<aC. a<c<bD. c<a<b6.下列命题中,正确的是A.平行于同一个平面的两条直线必平行B.平行于同一个平面的两个平面必平行C.过平面外一点只可以作一条直线与这个平面平行D.过直线外一点只可以作一个平面与这条直线平行7.“(x-2)(x+4)=0”是“x=2”的A.充分必要条件B.必要不充分条件C.充分不必要条件D.既不充分也不必要条件8.函数y=√3sinx+ cosx取最大值时,x 的值可以为A.π6B.π4C.π3D.π29.光线从点M(-3,3)射到点P(1,0)后被x轴反射,则反射光线必经过的点是A. (3,5)B. (4,2)C. (4,4)D. (5,3)10.已知函数y= f(x)在[0,+∞)上单调递增,且f(-x)=f(x),则不等式f(x-1)<f(3)的解集为A. (-2,4)B. (-∞,4)C. (4, +∞)D. (-∞,-2)U(4,+∞)二、填空题(本大题共5小题,每小题4分,共20分)11.某学校为了解一年级120名男生和80名女生的身高情况,计划用分层抽样的方法抽取20名学生进行测量,则抽取的男生人数为___________.12.已知向量a=(1,m), b=(2,1), 且(a+b)⊥b,则实数m=_____________.13.已知角α的顶点在坐标原点,始边与x轴的非负半轴重合,终边上一点的坐标为(-√32,12),则sin2α=_______________.14.已知函数f(x)=|Inx|,若a>b>0,且f(a)= f(b),则ab=________.15.已知点P在圆x2 +y2-10y=0上运动,则点P到直线3x+4y-5=0的距离的最大值为__________.三、解答题(本大题共7小题,其中第21, 22小题为选做题.满分60分.解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤)16. (本小题满分10分)已知数列{a n}中,a1=2,a n+1=a n+1, n∈N*.(1)求数列{a n }的通项公式;(2)设b n=2a n,求数列{b n}的前n项和S n, .17. (本小题满分10分)在某工厂的一次产品质量评比活动中,甲、乙两名工人各生产的5个零件所得质量评分(评分采用10分制)如下表所示:(1)根据上述数据,判断谁生产的零件质量更好;(2)从甲、乙生产的得分为9分的5个零件中任取2个进行展示,设甲生产的零件被选中的个数为ξ,求ξ的概率分布.18. (本小题满分10分)如图,在正四棱柱ABCD- A1B1C1D1中,AB=1.(1)证明: AC⊥DB1;(2)若三棱锥B- ACD的体积为23,求直线DB1与平面ABCD所成角的正弦值.(第18题图)19. (本小题满分10分)(1)当c=1时,解不等式f(x)≥x:(2)若f(x)的最大值为1,求c的取值范围.20. (本小题满分10分)已知双曲线C: x 2a2−y2b2=1(a>0,b> 0)的一个焦点为(-2,0),离心率为2.(1)求双曲线C的方程;(2)设点P(17,0),直线2x- y-4=0与双曲线C相交于A,B两点,证明: PA⊥PB.选做题:请考生在第21,22 题中选择-题作答.如果两题都做,则按所做的第21题计分,作答时,请写清题号.21. (本小题满分10分)如图,已知△ABC中,AB=8,AC=5,BC=7.(1)求A;(2)若D为线段AB上的一点,且sin∠ADC=34,求CD的长.√x, 0<x≤c, 其中c>0.x2 +2x-2, -3≤x≤0,已知函数f(x)=(第21题图)22. (本小题满分10分)某公司生产甲、乙两种产品,已知生产1件甲产品需要A原料1千克,B原料2千克,生产1件乙产品需要A原料2千克,B原料1千克每件甲产品利润是150元,每件乙产品利润是200元公司在生产这两种产品的计划中,要求每天消耗A 原料不超过8千克,B原料不超过10千克,该公司应如何安排甲、乙两种产品每天的生产任务,才能使公司从这两种产品中获得的利润最大?并求出最大利润.。
2023-2024学年七年级上学期期中考试生物试题(word版含答案)
2023年秋11月期中考初一年段生物学科试卷满分:100分考试时间:60分钟一、单项选择题(本大题共25小题,共50.0分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的。
)1.小明同学在用显微镜观察人的口腔上皮细胞装片时,发现视野内有一污点,转动目镜和移动装片时,污点均不动,你认为污点最可能位于下列哪一结构上()A.反光镜B.目镜C.物镜D.装片2.表中有关生物特征的叙述及其实例,不正确的是()选项生物特征实例A生物能对外界刺激作出反应含羞草受到触碰,叶片合拢B生物能排出体内废物人体排尿C生物的生活需要营养植物的根从土壤中吸收水和无机盐D生物都是由细胞构成的流感病毒A.AB.BC.CD.D3.生物多样性是人类生存和发展的基础,保护生物多样性就是保护人类自己。
下列有关叙述不正确的是()A.生物种类的多样性实质上是基因的多样性B.为了丰富动植物资源,我国应大量引进外来物种C.为了保护生物多样性应合理开发和利用自然资源D.栖息地的破坏和丧失是生物多样性面临威胁的主要原因4.生物圈中的每一种生物,都会受到周围其他生物的影响。
成语“优胜劣汰”描绘的自然现象,体现了生物与生物之间的()A.竞争关系B.捕食关系C.合作关系D.共生关系5.下列属于器官的是()A.茎的形成层B.马铃薯块茎C.一个草履虫D.一只小白鼠6.在低倍镜下观察时视野内所见的图象是“上”和“6“那么载玻片上的图形是()A.“上”和“6”B.“下”和“9”C.“干”和“9”D.“干”和“6”7.生活在北寒带东西走向山涧两边的树木,树冠呈旗形生长,根本原因是()A.温度的变化B.水分的多少C.阳光的照射D.风力的大小8.环境中影响生物生活的因素有生物因素和非生物因素。
下列主要反映非生物因素对生物影响的是()A.田鼠大量繁殖使农作物减产B.大量捕捉青蛙使农作物减产C.杂草丛生使农作物减产D.旱灾使农作物大量减产9.下列全都是生物的一组是()A.动物、植物、真菌、计算机病毒B.玉米、蝴蝶、珊瑚、天花病毒C.试管婴儿、细菌、珊瑚虫、蘑菇D.生石花、植物纤维、钟乳石、化石10.如图表示多细胞生物体的结构层次,有关叙述正确的是()A.c表示的结构层次是器官B.在结构层次上,植物体比动物体多了系统C.叶片表皮、动物血液属于bD.动物体的结构层次可表示为:细胞→a→b→系统→d11.橘子富含维生素C,是人们喜爱的一种水果,常吃对预防坏血病有很大的帮助。
北京市东城区20232024九年级上学期期末考试道德与法治试卷(word版,含答案)
北京市东城区2023-2024学年九年级上学期期末考试道德与法治2024.1学校——班级— 姓名 _教育ID 号—第一部分本部分共15题,每题2分,共30分。
在每题列出的四个选项中,选出最符合题目要求的一项。
1.2023年10月180,第三届在北京举行。
来自151个国家和41个国际组织的代表参会。
此次会议围绕贸易畅通、民心相通、智库交流、廉洁丝路、地方合作、海洋合作等议题平行举办6场专题论坛,取得丰硕成果,为实现各国共同发展的美好愿景增添了新动力。
A.中国国际进口博览会B.“一带一路”国际合作高峰论坛C.金砖国家安全事务高级代表会议D.上海合作组织成员国元首理事会2.九年级(1)班时评小组查找到以下资料。
该小组进行时评的标题,最恰当的是A.我国科技创新能力正在不断增强B.知识创新直接增加社会物质财富C.科技创新要追求原创、拒绝模仿D.我国已经建成世界科技创新强国3.我国高标准农田建设成果显著。
某村晒出“三本账二增效账增产账增收账“三本账”折射出A.政府应发挥决定性作用,实现资源优化配置B.农业追求高速度,单纯依靠增加投入促高产C.该村走新型城镇化道路,促进城乡融合发展D.我国落实乡村振兴战略,推动农业高质量发展改革开放是决定当代中国命运的关键抉择,2023年是我国改革开放45周年。
完成4、5题。
4 .在中国改革开放的进程中,靠着“敢为天下先”的精神,深圳经济特区一直发挥着“试验田”的作用,第一家中外合资股份制企业在这里诞生,第一个万元户村在这里出现。
深圳逐渐从一个边陲小镇发展成为国际大都市。
在新形势下,深圳又提出“特别能改革,特别能开放,特别能创新”的发展定位,努力续写更多“春天的故事”。
深圳的发展说明①改革开放的历史进程只有进行时,没有完成时 ②改革释放创新活力,改革创新推动中国走向富强 ③大幅度引进外资,解决了我国发展的卡点与瓶颈问题 ④全面创新要以制度创新为核心,引领我国经济社会发展 A.①②B.①③C.②④D.③④5 .我国40多年的快速发展靠的是改革开放,全面建设社会主义现代化国家也必须坚定不移推进改革开放。
2023年高考英语试题(上海)(2023年word版)
2023年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试上海英语试卷试卷题解考生注意:1.笔试部分共16页,分第I卷(第21题-第105题)和第II卷。
考试时间为120分钟。
2.笔试部分(第21题-第105题)地解析必须涂在同一张答题纸上,从序号21开始。
每一小题只有一个正确解析,考生应将代表该解析地小方格涂黑。
注意试卷题号和答题纸编号一一对应,不能错位。
解析需要更改时,只要将原选项用塑料橡皮擦去,重新选择即可。
解析不能写在试卷上,如写在试卷上一律不给分。
3.本试卷分为第I卷(第1-12页)和第II卷(第13-16页)两部分,全卷共6页。
第II卷(共45分)4.第II卷共两大题,请考生用钢笔或圆珠笔将解析直接写在试卷上。
5.答卷前将密封线内地项目填写清楚。
第I卷(五大题,共135分)一、听力部分(第1——第20题,共30分。
考试时间为30分钟。
)I. Listening ComprehensionPart A Short ConversationsDirections: In Part A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each question, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers in your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. About 60. B. About 50.C. About 30.D. About 25.2. A. Her health. B. The class she missed.C. The coming examination.D. The difficult lessons.3. A. Making an appointment. B. Deciding what to do.C. Checking the time.D. Going to class.4. A. She wants him to stay longer.B. She wishes he had left sooner.C. She knows he must go soon.D. She wants him to go now.5. A. Mother and child. B. Manager and customer.C. Teacher and student.D. Boss and clerk.6. A. Mother and father. B. Teacher and student.C. Two friends.D. Parent and child.7. A. She wonders why they can’t go for a walk.B. She doesn’t want to go for a walk in the park.C. She doesn’t want to go out with the man.D. She thinks it’s a good idea.8. A. In the morning. B. At an early age.C. Half an hour ago.D. At six o’clock.9. A. In a park. B. In a museum.C. In a zoo.D. In a pet store.10. A. Because of the size. B. Because of the colour.C. Because of the material.D.Because of the style.Part B Longer ConversationsDirections: In Part B you will hear two longer conversations. After each conversation you will be asked two questions. The conversations will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers in your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 and 12 are based on the following conversation11. A. She can fix the loose connector.B. She’s annoyed by a strange noise.C. She doesn’t like the screen.D. Her computer doesn’t work.12. A. The man is going over to the woman’s place.B. The problem is solved.C. The man doesn’t know what’s wrong with the computer.D. The computer is completely broken.Questions 13 and 14 are based on the following conversation.13. A. A reporter. B. A school teacher.C. A traveler.D. A musician.14. A. To give more concerts. B. TO travel abroad.C. To run a special school.D. To perform more beautifully.Part C PassagesDirections: In Pat C, you will hear two short passages and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers in your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 15 through 17 are based on the following passage15. A. She caught a butterfly.B. She set a butterfly free.C. She saw a butterfly flying away.D. She changed a butterfly into a fairy.16. A. Letter her have any wish she would like.B. Letting her go anywhere she would like.C. Making her rich.D. Making her popular in the neighborhood.17. A. How to help others.B. The secret life of a young girl.C. The true meaning of happiness.D. Beauty brings happiness.Questions 18 through 20 are based on the following passage.18. A. Nurse. B. Doctors.C. Patients.D. Visitors.19. A. Having soft drinks.B. Listening to the hospital radio.C. Smoking in certain areas.D. Visiting patients in the morning.20. A. A music programme. B. A medical report.C. Hospital rules.D. A talk show.That’s the end of Listening ComprehensionII. GrammarDirections: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.21 The news that they failed their driving test discouraged him, ___?A. did theyB. didn't theyC. did itD. didn't it22. They are not very good, but we like___.A. anyway to play basketball with themB. to play basketball with them anywayC. to play with them basketball anywayD. with them to play basketball anyway23. My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon, so he ___ your lecture.A. couldn't have attendedB. needn't have attendedC. mustn't have attendedD. shouldn't have attended24. My uncle ___ until he was forty-five.A. marriedB. didn't marriedC. was not marryingD. would marry25. Not a single song ___ at yesterday's party.A. she sangB. sang sheC. did she singD. she did sing26. ___ of the land in that district ___ covered with trees and grass.A. Two fifth … isB. Two fifth … areC. Two fifths … isD. Two fifths … are27. ___ she couldn't understand was ___ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.A. What … whyB. That … whatC. What … becauseD. Why … that28. Recently I bought an ancient vase, ___ was very reasonable.A. which priceB. the price of whichC. its priceD. the price of those29. Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see ___.A. who is heB. who he isC. who is itD. who it is30. She found her calculator ___ she lost it.A. whereB. whenC. in whichD. that31. He sent me an e-mail, ___ to get further information.A. hopedB. hopingC. to hope D hope32. I know nothing about the young lady ___ she is from Beijing.A. exceptB. except forC. except thatD. besides33. What he has down is far from ___.A. satisfactoryB. satisfiedC. satisfaction D satisfy34. You're standing too near the camera. Can you move ___?A. a bit farB. a little fartherC. a bit of fartherD. a little far35. Greenland, ___ island in the world, covers over two million square kilometres.A. it is the largestB. that is the largestC. is the largestD. the largest36. If only he ___ quietly as the doctor instructed, he wouldn't suffer so much now.A. liesB. layC. had lainD. shouldn't lie37. in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.A. Being foundedB. It was foundedC. FoundedD. Founding38. An awful accident ___, however, occur the other day.A. doesB. didC. has toD. had to39. The ___ boy was last seen ___ near the East Lake.A. missing … playingB. missing … playC. missed … playedD. missed … to play40. Tony was very unhappy for ___ to the party.A. having not been invitedB. not having invitedC having not invited D. not having been invited41 --- Shall I help you with that suitcase?--- ___.A. It's all right, thanks.B. Yes, go ahead please.C. I don't want to trouble you too much.D. No, please don't do it.42 --- You've given us a wonderful Chinese dinner, Mrs. Wang.--- ____.A. Oh, I'm afraid I didn't cook very well.B. I'm glad you enjoyed itC. Come again when you are free.D. it's not necessary for you to say so43 ---do you mind if I keep pets in that building?---____.A. I'd rather you didn't, actually.B. Of course not, it's not allowed there.C. Great! I love pets.D. No, you can't.44---I don't have any change with me. Will you pay the fare for me?---____.A. That's fineB. Nothing seriousC. Never mindD. No problem45 ---I didn't know that was a one-way street, officer.---____.A. That's all rightB. I don't believe youC. How dare you say thatD. Sorry, but that's no excuseIII. VocabularyDirections: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.46. The lion is considered the king of the forest as it is a(n)____ of courage and power.A. exampleB. signC. markD. symbol47. We volunteered to collect money to help the ____ of the earthquake.A. victimsB. folksC. fellowsD. villagers48 If you don't take away all your things from the desk, there won't be enough____for my stationery.A. areaB. placeC. roomD. surface49. It is widely accepted that young babies learn to do things because certain acts lead to ____.A. rewardB. prizesC. awardsD. results50. I wrote him a letter to show my____ of his thoughtfulness.A. achievementB. agreementC. attentionD. appreciation51 One of the advantages of living on the top of the floor of a highrise is that you can get a good ___.A. sightB. sceneC. viewD. look52. ---Excuse me, may I ask you some questions?---Sorry, I'm too busy and haven't a minute to ____.A. spendB. spareC. shareD. stop53. Although the working mother is very busy, she still____ a lot of time to her children.A. devotesB. spendsC. offersD. provides54. When I opened the door, a parcel on the floor ____my eye.A. metB. caughtC. drewD. attracted55. After the president made an official announcement, she expressed her ____opinion.A. personalB. privateC. singleD. individual56. Alice laid her baby on the sofa____ and wrapped it with a blanket.A. silentlyB. tenderlyC. friendlyD. comfortably57. Fred is second to none in maths in our class, but believe it or not, he ____passed the last exam.A. easilyB. hardlyC. actuallyD. successfully58. Our bodies are strengthened by taking exercises. _____, our minds are developed by learning.A. ProbablyB. LikelyC. SimilarlyD. Generally59. He holds an important position in that company; ______, I don't quite trust him.A. ThusB. FurthermoreC. OtherwiseD. Nevertheless60.If you had _____your test paper carefully before handing it in, you would have made fewer mistakes.A. looked upB. thought aboutC. gone overD. gone roundIV. ClozeDirections: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.(A)Bedtime stories are one of the delights of early childhood. But according to Dr. Julie Spreadbury from Queensland University, parent should not _61__ up reading to their children_62__they enter primary school. She says listening to, reading and discussing the stories help children's_63_."My_64__ indicates that once children can read themselves, most parent stop reading_65__them," Dr. Spreadbury says."_66__may be at the end of year 1,which is far too_67__."Dr. Spreadbury says _68_reading not only gives children a good start at school. But brings parents and children closer."that makes it _69__for them to open up and talk to parents about things that worrying them, or things they are _70__ in their everyday life."61. A. speed B. keep C. give D. hold62. A. after B. until C. if D. unless63. A. thinking B. comprehension C. relaxation D. development64. A. theory B. research C. story D. decision65. A. about B. from C. to D. through66. A. Some B. Most C. They D. That67. A. difficult B. early C. much D. informal68. A. daily B. healthy C. fast D. bedtime69. A. easier B. funnier C. rarer D. clearer70. A. reading B. promising C. celebrating D. receiving(B)Chinese scientists are again becoming excited about the fact that a large hairy animal may live in central China. Now they hope it won't be too long before they are able to _71_its existence. Their confidence is the _72_of a new discovery of the mystery animal in Hubei Province.Ten Chinese _73__, enjoying a holiday in a National Forest Park, were driving down a road. As their bus turned a corner, the men were suddenly _74_by what they saw. Three_75_animals, covered with longblack hair, were crossing the road. On seeing the animal, the engineers immediately stopped and _76_them. _77_, when they saw how the animals moved through the forest with great_78_ and strength, they did not dare to follow any further.The men did not take any _79_. However, scientists are_80_ by the discovery, because the engineers were all very educated people and scientists feel they can _81_What they described.After the discovery, scientists returned to the forest and_82_some hair and measured footprints. About 20 inches appears to be the animal's foot! Chinese scientists have now set up a special group to exchange information and make a_83_of the forest. But in the meantime, some people_84_to believe that that half-man, half-monkey exists. They will not believe that it is _85_until one of the animals have been caught.71. A. prove B. analyze C. protect D. check72. A. basis B. requirement C. result D. preparation73. A. travellers B. engineers C. scientists D. explorers74. A. frightened B. amazed C. upset D. inspired75. A. trained B. projected C. tall D. violent76. A. shot at B. looked at C. fought with D. ran after77. A. However B. Indeed C. Meanwhile D. Anyway78. A. difficult B. speed C. care D. pleasure79. A. bullets B. tools C. medicines D. photographs80. A. surprised B. delighted C. disturbed D. supported81. A. rely on B. deal with C. write down D. pass on82. A. cut B. pulled C. collected D. tore83. A. film B. tour C. choice D. study84. A. come B. refuse C. prefer D. have85. A. wrong B. alive C. real D.correctIV. Reading ComprehensionDirections: Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by five questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)The famous director of a big and expensive movie planned to film a beautiful sunset over the ocean, so that the audiences could see his hero and heroine in front of it at the end of the film as they said goodbye to each other for ever. He sent camera crew out one evening to film the sunset for him.The next morning he said to the men, "Have you provided me with that sunset? ""No, Sir," the men answered.The director was angry. "Why not? " he asked."Well, Sir, " one of the men answered, "we are on the east coast here, and the sun sets in the west. We can get you a sunrise over the sea, if necessary, but not a sunset.""But I want a sunset!" the director shouted. "Go to the airport, take the next flight to the west coast, and get one. "But then a young secretary had an idea. "Why don't you photograph a sunrise, " she suggested, "and then play it backwards? Then it'll look like a sunset.""That's a very good idea! " the director said. Then he turned to the camera crew and said, "Tomorrow morning I want you to get me a beautiful sunrise over the sea. "The camera crew went out early the next morning and filmed a bright sunrise over the beach in the middle of a beautiful bay(海湾). Then at nine o'clock they took it to the director. "Here it is, Sir, " they said, and give it to him. He was very pleased.They all went into the studio(摄影棚). "All right, " the director explained, "now our hero and heroine are going to say goodbye. Run the film backwards so that we can see the 'sunset' behind them. "The "sunset" began, but after a quarter of a minute, the director suddenly put his face in his hands and shouted to the camera crew to stop.The birds in the file were flying backwards, and the waves on the sea were going away from the beach.86.One evening, the director sent his camera crew out____.A. to watch a beautiful sunsetB. to find an actor and an actressC. to film a scene on the seaD. to meet the audience87.Why did the director want to send his crew to the west coast?A. Because he changed his mind about getting a sunsetB. Because he was angry about his crewC. Because it was his secretary's suggestion.D. Because he wanted to get a scene of sunset88.Which of the following is NOT true?A. The crew had to follow the secretary's advice.B. If you want to see a sunrise, the east coast is a place to go.C. The camera crew wasn't able to film the scene the first dayD. The director ordered his crew to stop filming the "sunset"89 The director wanted to film a sunset over the ocean because_____.A. it went well with the separation of the hero and heroineB. when they arrived at the beach it was already in the eveningC. it was more moving than a sunriseD. the ocean looked more beautiful at sunset90.After the "sunset" began, the director suddenly put his face in his hands____.A. because he was moved to tearsB. as he saw everything in the film moving backwardsC. as the sunrise did not look as beautiful as he had imaginedD. because he was disappointed with the performance of the hero and the heroine(B)I came to study in the United States a year ago. Yet I did not know the American society until I was injured in a car accident because after the accident I had to see a doctor-and go to court(法庭).After the accident, my roommate called a doctor for me. I was very grateful and determined to repay him one day. But the next day, he asked me to pay him $200 for what he had done. I was astonished. He had good reason to charge me, he said. And if I wanted to collect money from the person who was responsible for my injury, I'd have to have a good lawyer. Now that he had helped me to find a good doctor, it was only fair that I should pay him.But every time I went to see the doctor, I had to wait about 50 minutes. He would see two or three patients at the same time, and often stop treating one so as to see another. Yet he charged me $115 each time. The final examination report consisted of ten lines, and it cost me $215.My lawyer was all smiles the first time we met. But after that he avoided seeing me at all. he knew very well the other party was responsible for the accident, yet he hardly did anything. He simply waited to collect his money. He was so irresponsible that I decided to dismiss(解雇)him. And he made me pay him $770.Now I had to act as my own lawyer. Due to my inexperience, I told the insurance the date I was leaving America. Knowing that, they played for time, … and I left without getting a cent.My experiences taught me two things about America: firstly, in a country like America money is everything. It is more important than friendship honour or professional morality(职业道德). Secondly, foreigners are still being unfairly treated. So when we talk about America, we should see both its good and bad sides.91.The author's roommate offered to help him because_____.A. he felt sorry for the authorB. he thought it was a chance to make some moneyC. he knew the doctor was a very good oneD. he wanted the author to have a good lawyer92. A good doctor is essential for the author to____.A. be properly treatedB. talk with the person responsible for the accidentC. recover before he leaves AmericaD. eventually get the responsible party to pay for his injury93.The word " charge " in the passage means____.A. be responsibleB. accuseC. ask as a priceD. claim94.both the doctor and the lawyer in that passage are very___.A. friendlyB. greedyC. professionalD. busy95.What conclusion can you draw from that story?A. Going to court is something every common in AmericaB. One must be very careful while driving a carC. There are more bad sides in America than good sidesD. Money is more important than other things in the US(C)Laptop(便携式)computers are popular all over the world. People use them on trains and airplanes, in airports and hotels. These laptop connect people to their work place. In the United States today, laptops also connect students to their classrooms.Westlake College in Virginia will start a laptop computer programthat allows students to do school work anywhere they want. Withinfive years, each of the 1,500 students at the college will receive a laptop. The laptops are a part of a $10million computer program at Westlake, a 110-year old college. The students with laptops will also have access to the Internet. In addition, they will be able to use e-mail to "speak" with their tethers, their classmates, and their families. However, the most important part of the laptop program is that students will be able to use computers without going to computer labs. They can work with it at home, in a fast-food restaurant or under the trees-anywhere at all!Because of the many changes in computer technology, laptop use in higher education, such as colleges and universities, is workable. As laptops become more powerful, they become more similar to desktop computers. In addition, the portable computers can connect students to not only Internet, but also libraries and other resources. State higher-education officials are studying how laptops can help students. State Officials also are testing laptop programs at other universities, too.At Westlake College, more than 60 percent of the staff use the computers. The laptops will allow all teachers to use computers in their lessons. As one Westlake teacher said, "Here we are in themiddle of Virginia and we're giving students a window on the world. They can see everything and do everything. "96 The main purpose of the laptop program is to give each student a laptop to____.A. use for their schoolworkB. access the InternetC. work at homeD. connect them to libraries97 Why is the word "speak" in the second paragraph in quotation mark?A. They don't really talkB. They use the computer languageC. Laptops have speakersD. None of the above reasons is correct98 Which of the following is true about Westlake College?A. All teachers use computersB. 1,500 students have laptopsC. It is an old college in AmericaD. Students there can do everything99. A window on the world in the last paragraph means that students can____.A. attend lectures on information technologyB. travel around the worldC. get information from around the worldD. have free laptops100. What can we infer(推断)passage?A. The program is successfulB. The program is not workableC. The program is too expensiveD. We don't know the result yet(D)Most people feel lonely sometimes, but it usually only lasts between a few minutes and a few hours. that kind of loneliness is not serious. In fact, it is quite normal. For some people, though,loneliness can last for yeas. Now researchers say there are three different types of loneliness.The first kind of loneliness is temporary(暂时地). that is the most common type. It usually disappears quickly and does not require any special attention. The second kind, situational loneliness, is a natural result of a particular situation-for example, family problem, the death of a loved one, or moving to a new place. Although that kind of loneliness can cause physical problems, such as headaches and sleeplessness, it usually does not last for more than a year.The third kind of loneliness is the most severe. Unlike the second type, chronic(长期地)usually lasts more than two years and has no specific cause. People who experience habitual loneliness have problems socializing and becoming close to others. Unfortunately, many chronically lonely people think there is little or nothing they can do to improve their condition.Psychologists agree that one important factor in loneliness is a person's social contacts, e.g. friends, family members, co-workers, etc. we depend on various people for different reasons. For instance, our families give us emotional support, our parents and teachers give us guidance, and our friends share similar interests and activities. However, psychologists have found that, though lonely people may have many social contacts, they sometimes feel they should have more. They question their popularity.Psychologists are trying to find ways to help habitually lonely people for two reasons: they are unhappy and unable to socialize and there is a connection between chronic loneliness and serious illness such as heart disease. While temporary and situational loneliness can be normal, healthy part of life, chronic loneliness can be a sad, and sometimes dangerous condition.101.How would you treat temporary loneliness according to the passage?A. Talk to friendsB. Just ignore itC. Go to see a doctorD. Ask your teachers for guidance102."It" in the last sentence of the second paragraph refers to_____.A. temporary lonelinessB. situational lonelinessC. a new placeD sleeplessness103.The topic of the 4th paragraph is that____.A. one problem of loneliness is a person's social contactsB. we depend on various person for different reasonsC. lonely people don't have many social problemsD. lonely people don't have many friends104. Why do psychologists want to help chronically lonely people?A. Chronic loneliness can cause family problemsB. Chronic loneliness can cause serious illnessC. Chronic loneliness can not be overcomeD. A, B and C are all correct105 What is the best title for the passage?A. Three Kinds of LonelinessB. Loneliness and DiseasesC. Loneliness and Social ContactsD. Chronic LonelinessI. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words or phrases given in the brackets.1. 让我们利用这次长假去香港旅游。
湖北省武汉市部分学校2023~2024学年高三9月调研考试英语试卷(word版+答案)
2023~2024学年度武汉市部分学校九月调研考试高三年级英语试卷武汉市教有科学研究院命制2023. 9. 6本试题卷共12页,67题。
全卷满分150分。
考试用时120分钟。
★祝考试顺利★注意事项:1. 答题前,先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试卷和答题卡上,并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。
2. 选择近的作答:每小题选出答案后,用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应題目的答案标号涂黑。
写在试卷、草稿纸和答題卡上的非答题区城均无效。
3. 非选择题的作答:用黑色签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区城内。
写在试卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答題区内均无效。
4. 考试结束后,请将本试卷和答題卡一并上交。
第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)做题时,先将答案标在试卷上。
录音内容结束后,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题:每小题1. 5分,满分7. 5分)听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
例:How much is the shirt?A. £19. 15.B. £9. 18.C. £9. 15.答案是C。
1. How will the man get to Alaska?A. By train.B. By plane.C. By boat.2. Why is the woman in a hurry?A. To answer a cull.B. To search for a store.C. To look for a washroom3. What does the mother think of her son?A. Bad-tempered.B. Warm-hearted.C. Absent-minded.4. What is wrong with the man’s laptop?A. Its screen is unclear.B. Its network is down.C. Its mouse is missing.5. Why is Maria calling the man?A. To recheck a schedule.B. To extend an invitation.C. To cancel an appointment.第二节(共15小题:每小题1. 5分,满分22. 5分)听下面5段对话或独白。
安徽省2023年中考语文试卷(WORD版,含答案)
安徽省2023年中考语文试卷注意事项:1.你拿到的试卷满分为150分(其中卷面书写占5分),考试时间为150分钟;2.试卷包括“试题卷”和“答题卷”两部分,“试题卷”共4页,“答题卷”共6页;3.请务必在“答题卷”上答题,在“试题卷”上答题是无效的!4.考试结束后,请将“试题卷”和“答题卷”一并交回。
一、语文积累与运用(35分)1.默写。
(10分)(1)诗人笔下,神州锦绣。
曹操的“ , ”(《观沧海》)描写了水波荡漾、海岛巍然的景象;王维的“ , ”(使至塞上)展现了沙漠浩瀚,天地苍茫的风光;李白的“ , ”(《望天门由》)写出了万里长江冲破山峦,汹涌回旋的奇观(2)古人写水,常以游鱼入景。
柳宗元《小石潭记》中“ , ”两句描绘了潭中百来条鱼儿好像在空中游动,没有什么依傍的画面;范仲淹《房阳楼记》中“ ,”两句描绘了水鸟时飞时停,鱼儿游来游去的景象。
2.请运用积累的知识,完成(1)~(3)题(12分)却说那妖精脱命升空。
原来行者那一棒不曾打杀妖精,妖精出神去了。
他在那云duān 里咬牙切齿,暗恨行者道:“几年只闻得讲他手段,今日果然话不虚传。
那唐僧已此不认得我,将要吃饭。
若低头闻一闻儿,我就一把捞住,却不是我的人了?不期被他走来,弄破我这勾当,又几乎被他打了一棒。
若饶了这个和尚,诚然是劳而无功也我还下去戏他一戏”好妖精,按落阴云,在那前山坡下,摇身一变,变作个老妇人,年满八旬,手拄着一根弯头竹zhàng,一步一声的哭着走来,八戒见了,大惊道:”师父!不好了!那妈妈儿来寻人了!”唐僧道:“寻甚人?”八戒道:“师兄打杀的,定是他女儿,这个定是他娘寻将来了”行者道:“兄弟莫要胡说!那女子十八岁,这老妇有八十岁,怎么六十多岁还生产?断乎是个假的!等老孙去看来”……行者认得他是妖精,更不理论,举棒照头便打,那怪见棍子起时,依然抖擞,又出化了元神,脱真儿去了,把个假尸首又打死在山路之下(节选自《西游记》)(1)给加点的字注音,根据拼音写出相应的汉字。
2023年高考真题——语文(新高考Ⅰ卷)Word版含答案【公益公众号:筱雅同学】
2023年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试新课标Ⅰ卷语文注意事项:1.答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号等填写在答题卡上。
2.回答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号。
回答非选择题时,将答案写在答题卡上。
写在本试卷上无效。
3.考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
一、现代文阅读(35分)(一)现代文阅读I(本题共5小题,19分)阅读下面的文字,完成1~5题。
对素食者和肠胃疾病患者来说,藜麦的发现是一个奇迹。
藜麦不含麸质,富含镁和铁,比其他种子含有更多的蛋白质,包括人体无法独自生成的必需的氨基酸。
美国宇航局宣布,藜麦是地球上营养最均衡的食物之一,是宇航员的理想之选。
产于安第斯山的藜麦有一个令西方消费者神往的传说:印加人非常重视藜麦,认为它是神圣的,并且称之为"万谷之母"。
不过,藜麦的爱好者却通过媒体发现了一个令人不安的事实。
从2006年到2013年,玻利维亚和秘鲁的藜麦价格上涨了两倍。
2011年,《独立报》称,玻利维亚的藜麦消费量"5年间下降了34%,当地家庭已经吃不起这种主食了,它已经变成了奢侈品"。
《纽约时报》援引研究报告称,蔡麦种植区的儿童营养不良率正在上升。
2013年,《卫报》用煽动性标题提升了人们对这个问题的关注度:"素食者的肚子能装下藜麦令人反胃的事实吗?"该报称,贫穷的玻利维亚人和秘鲁人正在食用更加便宜的"进口垃圾食品"。
《独立报》2013年一篇报道的标题是"藜麦:对你有利--对玻利维亚人有害"。
这些消息传遍了全球,在健康饮食者之中引发了一场良心危机。
在社交媒体、素食博客和健康饮食论坛上,人们开始询问食用藜麦是否合适。
这种说法看似可信,被许多人认可,但是经济学家马克·贝勒马尔等人对此则持保留意见。
毕竟,藜麦贸易使大量外国资金涌入玻利维亚和秘鲁,其中许多资金进入了南美最贫穷的地区。
几位经济学家跟踪了秘鲁家庭支出的调查数据,将种植且食用藜麦的家庭、食用但不种植藜麦的家庭和从不接触藜麦的家庭划分为三个小组。
2024年高考真题——化学(北京卷)Word版含答案
A.从中间体到产物,无论从产物稳定性还是反应速率的角度均有利于产物Ⅱ
B.X为苯的加成产物,Y为苯的取代产物
C.由苯得到M时,苯中的大 键没有变化
D.对于生成Y的反应,浓 作催化剂
14.不同条件下,当KMnO4与KI按照反应①②的化学计量比恰好反应,结果如下。
反应序号
起始酸碱性
KI
KMnO4
还原产物
氧化产物
物质的量/mol
物质的量/mol
①
酸性
0.001
n
Mn2+
I2
②
中性
0.001
10n
MnO2
已知: B.对比反应①和②,
C.对比反应①和②, 的还原性随酸性减弱而减弱
D.随反应进行,体系 变化:①增大,②不变
20
钙
40.08
A. 的原子核内有21个中子
B. 的半衰期长,说明 难以失去电子
C. 衰变一半所需的时间小于 衰变一半所需的时间
D.从 原子束流中直接俘获 原子的过程属于化学变化
2.下列化学用语或图示表达不正确的是
A. 的电子式: B. 分子的球棍模型:
C. 的结构示意图: D.乙炔的结构式:
3.酸性锌锰干电池的构造示意图如下。关于该电池及其工作原理,下列说法正确的是
B. 和 均为极性分子
C.方法①的化学方程式是
D.方法②得到的产品纯度比方法①的高
10.可采用 催化氧化法将工业副产物 制成 ,实现氯资源的再利用。反应的热化学方程式: 。下图所示为该法的一种催化机理。
下列说法不正确的是
A.Y为反应物 ,W为生成物
北京市通州区2022-2023学年七年级下学期期末考试英语试卷(word版,含答案)
北京市通州区2022-2023学年七年级下学期期末考试英语2023年6月学校_______________ 班级_______________ 姓名_______________本部分共33题,共 40分。
在每题列出的四个选项中,选出最符合题目要求的一项。
一、单项填空(每题0.5分,共6分)从下面各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选择可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1. Lucy and Lily are sisters. _______ often help their mother clean the house.A. IB. YouC. weD. They2. —________ did you go yesterday,John?— went to the zoo with my friends.A. WhoB. WhenC. WhereD. How3. Sanya on Hainan Island is great for a holiday ________ winter.A. atB. inC. onD. to4. — ________ you play the piano?—Yes, I can.A. canB. mustC. shouldD. need5. Giraffes can run fast________ they cannot run for a long time.A. andB. butC. orD.so6. —___are the tomatoes?—They're 10 yuan a kilo.A. How muchB. How oftenC. How longD. How soon7. Mr. Smith is a great writer and we all like reading ________ books.A. hisB. herC. theirD. your8. There________ a shop near our home ten years ago.A. isB. areC. wasD. were9. —Peter, what are you doing?—Oh, I________ a story about my dog.A. will writeB. am writingC. wroteD. write10. My father and I________ basketball last Sunday.A. playB. will playC. are playingD. played11.—Ben, what do you usually do after school2—I usually ________ some sports with my friends.A. doB. didC. will doD.am doing12.Susan________ her grandma next week.A. visitsB. will visitC. is visitingD. visited二、完形填空(每题1分,共8分)阅读下面的短文,掌握其大意,然后从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选择最佳选项。
苏教版三年级上册数学期末考试试卷(各地真题)word版
苏教版三年级上册数学期末考试试卷一.选择题(共8题, 共16分)1.小美有100元现金, 她想购买香肠每根3元, 那么小美可以买()根香肠。
A.33B.32C.31D.302.下列运动是平移的是()。
A.闹钟指针的运动B.电风扇扇页的运动C.升国旗时国旗的运动3.左图是三角形经过()得到的。
A.平移B.旋转C.既平移又旋转4.拉抽屉是()现象。
A.平移B.旋转C.轴对称5.小聪推门进了教室, 推门时门在()。
A.平移B.旋转C.对称6.下列哪种运动可以看成平移()。
A.升国旗B.电风扇叶片转动C.钟摆的运动7.下面()的运动是平移。
A.转动着的呼啦圈B.电风扇的运动C.拔算珠8.下面()的运动是旋转。
A.旋转的呼啦圈B.观光电梯C.拨算珠二.判断题(共8题, 共16分)1.一个数除以8, 商是24, 余数是9。
( )2.100千克的沙子比100千克的棉花重。
()3.开着的电风扇叶片属于旋转现象。
()4.被除数是三位数, 除数是一位数, 商最多是三位数。
()5.下面的图案是轴对称图形。
()6.王强开车从宜昌去武汉, 他三小时行驶了240千米, 王强的行驶速度是80千米每小时。
()7.457÷3的商是三位数。
()8.一块橡皮约重20千克。
()三.填空题(共8题, 共17分)1.图形旋转后, ()和()都不发生变化, ()和()发生了变化。
2.星期天, 爸爸妈妈带我和弟弟到公园玩。
公园的门票是: 成人每位28元, 儿童每位14元, 共需要花费()元。
3.一个图形平移以后, ()变了, ()没有变。
4.□□÷5=16……□, 余数最大是(), 这时被除数是()。
5.在计算“100-100÷5”时先算()再算()。
6.图形旋转后的()和()发生了改变, ()不变。
7.中有()条对称轴。
8.被除数是73, 除数是8, 商是(), 余数是()。
四.计算题(共2题, 共10分)1.计算。
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十二、考试试卷(近3年)一、2003年黑龙江大学2002-2003学年第二学期期末考试试题A 卷 院系:化学化工与材料学院年级:2000级 专业:应用化学、化学、材料化学 考试课程:《结构化学》试卷中可能用到的常数:电子质量(9.10953×10-31kg ), 真空光速(2.997925×108m.s -1), 电子电荷(-1.60219×10-19C ),Planck 常量(6.62618×10-34J.s ), Bohr 半径(5.29177×10-11m ), Bohr 磁子(9.2740×10-24J.T -1), Avogadro 常数(6.02205×1023mol -1)一、选择题(每小题2分,共40分)1、某一光化学反应的反应物活化所需能量为59.871mol kJ -⋅,则吸收的波长约为 ( ) A. 4000nm B. 2000nm C. 200nm D. 800nm2、下列各组函数可作为算符22dx d 的本征函数的是 ( )A. e x, x 2, xy 2B. x 2, x 2+ y 2, x 2e xC. e im x , sin x , cos xD. x 3e a x , x 2 + cos x , cos(x 2 + y 2)3、测不准关系的含义是 ( ) A. 粒子太小,不准确测定其坐标 B. 运动不快时,不能准确测定其动量 C. 粒子的坐标和动量都不能准确测定 D. 不能同时准确地测定粒子的坐标与动量4、玻恩认为波函数的物理意义是 ( ) A. 波函数ψ表示空间某点),,(z y x 发现电子的几率B. 2ψ表示在空间某点),,(z y x 附近单位体积内发现电子的几率,即几率密度 C. τψd 2表示电子在空间出现的几率密度D. ψ没有明确的物理意义5、动量在x 轴的分量的算符表达式是 ( )A. xB. xx ∂∂ C. x2ih ∂∂π- D. )x y y x (2ih ∂∂-∂∂π-6、类氢离子0/21203a Zr e a Z -⎪⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛=πψ,其电子出现的最可几半径为 ( ) A. 0a B. 20a C. 220/Z a D. Z a /07、氢原子的3s、3p、3d、4s轨道能级次序为( )A. d s p s E E E E 3433<<<B. d s p s E E E E 3433<<=C. s d p s E E E E 4333<==D. s d p s E E E E 4333<<<8、根据玻尔理论氢原子的势能为27eV ,以27eV 为单位,则He +的电离势将是多少?( )A. 1/2B. 2C. 1/3D. 1/49、德布罗意假设粒子可以表现出波动性,下列哪种证据支持了这个结论? ( )A. 运动的质子具有动能B. 原子包含有独特的能级C. 运动的中子可以衍射D. 电子能够集成很细的电子束 10、用线性变分法处理+2H 时得到S 、、βα,对它们的取值下列叙述中有错误的是 ( )A. α约等于原子轨道能B. S 取值在0和1之间C. β值越大,分子越稳定D. β只能取负值11、已知原子轨道s =1φ,以x 轴为键轴,1φ与下列函数中对称性不匹配的是 ( )A. x pB. 22y x d -C. xy dD. s12、线性变分法处理氢分子离子过程中,认为ba ab H H =依据的性质是 ( )A. 电子的不可分辨性B. 二核等同性C. b a ,ψψ的归一性D. Hˆ的厄米性 13、对于极性双原子分子AB ,如果分子轨道中的一个电子有90%的时间在A 原子轨道a φ上,有10%的时间在B 的原子轨道b φ上,描述该分子轨道归一化的形式为 ( )A. b a ..φφψ1090+=B. b a ..φφψ9010+=C. b a ..φφψ31609490+=D. b a ..φφψ11009940+=14、Br 2分子的最低空轨道(LUMO)是 ( )A. *p z 4σ B. *p y 4π C. *p x 4π D. zp 4σ15、下列分子具有偶极矩而不属于nv C 群的是 ( ) A. H 2O 2 B. NH 3 C. CH 2Cl 2 D. H 2C =CH 2 16、下面哪种判断是错误的? ( ) A. 只有当照射光的频率超过某个最小频率时,金属才能发射光电子B. 随着照射在金属上的光强的增加,发射电子数增加,但不影响光电子的动能C. 随着照射在金属上的光强的增加,发射电子数增加,光电子的动能也随之增加D. 提高光的频率,光电子的动能也随之增加17、用量子力学方法处理一维势箱所得的正确结果是: ( )A. )sin(2)(l x n l x n πψ=, 2228ml h n E = B. )sin(2)(l x n l x n πψ=, 228ml hn E = C. )sin(2)(2l x n l x n πψ=, 2228ml h n E = D. )sin(2)(2l x n l x n πψ=, 228mlhn E = 18、下面哪一种说法是正确的? ( )A. 任何一个力学量都有一个算符B. 体系的每个可观测的力学量都对应着一个线性算符C. 体系的每个可观测的力学量都对应着一个自轭算符D. 体系的每个可观测的力学量都对应着一个线性自轭算符19、关于力学量A 、其算符Aˆ及状态函数ψ的描述正确的是: ( ) A. 若状态函数ψ不是力学量A 的算符Aˆ的状态函数,则无法求出这个力学量的平均值 B. 若状态函数ψ不是力学量A 的算符Aˆ的状态函数,则ψ≠ψa A ˆ C. 若状态函数ψ是力学量A 的算符Aˆ的状态函数,则解出的本征值a 是唯一的 D. 若状态函数ψ是力学量A 的算符Aˆ的状态函数,则这个函数ψ应该是唯一的 20、用屏蔽常数近似计算轨道能的方法计算,那么碳原子1s 的轨道能近似为: ( )A. –442 eVB. –221 eVC. –332 eVD. –664 eV二、填空题(每空2分,共20分)1、原子单位下+2H 的薛定谔方程是。
2、将立方体的一个顶点染上颜色,则其所属点群为 ,若将其两个相对的两个顶点(指体对角线上两点)染上颜色,则其所属点群是 。
3、一个原子单位的能量为 eV ,长度为 Å4、径向分布函数与波函数径向部分)(r R nl 的关系为 ,nl R 的节面数为 个。
5、微观体系的零点能是指 。
6、C 原子的基态电子组态是2222p s K ,其最稳定的光谱支项是 ,由角动量加和规则,可得到其第一激发态的光谱项为P 3和 。
三、证明题(每小题6分,共12分)1、由近似波函数ψ算出的能量总不低于体系的基态能量,即,⎰⎰≥>=<τψψτψψd E d H E *ˆ*0。
2、试用对称操作的矩阵乘法证明偶次轴、h σ和i 可以两两组合得到第三者。
四、解答下列问题(每小题7分,共28分)1、用前线轨道理论判断24+n π电子体系发生电环合反应的反应条件和反应途径。
2、从电子衍射实验和一维势箱的处理结果,讨论微观粒子的运动特征。
3、用HMO 法求丁二烯的离域能4、写出2O 、2N 和NO 的基态电子组态,并讨论它们的键级和磁性。
二、2004年黑龙江大学2003-2004学年第二学期期末考试试题A卷院系:化学化工与材料学院年级:2001级专业:应用化学、化学、材料化学考试课程:《结构化学》试卷中可能用到的常数:电子质量(9.10953×10-31kg), 真空光速(2.997925×108m.s-1), 电子电荷(-1.60219×10-19C),Planck常量(6.62618×10-34J.s), Bohr半径(5.29177×10-11m), Bohr磁子(9.2740×10-24J.T-1), Avogadro常数23-1一、单项选择题(每小题1分,共20分)( )1、下列哪一项不是经典物理学的组成部分?a. 牛顿(Newton)力学b. 麦克斯韦(Maxwell)的电磁场理论c. 玻尔兹曼(Boltzmann)的统计物理学d. 海森堡(Heisenberg)的测不准关系( )2、根据Einstein的光子学说,下面哪种判断是错误的?a. 光是一束光子流,每一种频率的光的能量都有一个最小单位,称为光子b. 光子不但有能量,还有质量,但光子的静止质量不为0c. 光子具有一定的动量d. 光的强度取决于单位体积内光子的数目,即,光子密度( )3、下面哪种判断是错误的?a. 机械波是介质质点的振动b. 电磁波是电场和磁场的振动在空间的传播c. 实物微粒波的强度反映粒子出现的几率的大小d. 实物微粒波的强度反映粒子出现几率的大小,也反映了粒子在空间振动的强度( )4、用量子力学方法处理一维势箱所得的正确结果是哪一个?a. )sin(2)(l x n l x n πψ=, 2228ml h n E = b. )sin(2)(l x n l x n πψ=, 228ml h n E = c. )sin(2)(2l x n l x n πψ=, 2228ml h n E = d. )sin(2)(2l x n l x n πψ=, 228ml h n E = ( )5、下面哪种判断是错误的?a. 只有当照射光的频率超过某个最小频率时,金属才能发身光电子b. 随着照射在金属上的光强的增加,发射电子数增加,但不影响光电子的动能c. 随照射在金属上的光强的增加,发射电子数增加,光电子的动能也随之增加d. 增加光的频率,光电子的动能也随之增加( )6、Rutherfoud 等进行了一系列实验,他们用一束氦核射向很薄的金箔上,他们发现a. 使直接射在金箔片上的大多数α粒子束都发生了很大的偏转b. 只有少数粒子束发生了偏转且令偏转程度很小c. 大多数粒子束发生偏转但偏转程度很小d. 非常少的粒子发生了偏转但偏转程度很大( )7、下面哪一种说法是正确的?a. 任何一个力学量都有一个算符b. 体系的每个可观测的力学量都对应着一个线性算符c. 体系的每个可观测的力学量都对应着一个自轭算符d. 体系的每个可观测的力学量都对应着一个线性自轭算符 ( )8、动量在x 轴的分量的算符表达式是a. xb. xx ∂∂ c. x2ih ∂∂π- d. )x y y x (2ih ∂∂-∂∂π-( )9、Fe 的电子组态为:3d 64s 2,其能量最低的光谱支项为:a.45D b.23P c.05D d.01S( )10、n=3能层中最多可以充填多少电子?a. 9b. 12c. 15d. 18( )11、氢分子的基态波函数是a. 单重态b. 三重态c. 二重态d. 多重态 ( )12、通过变分法计算得到的微观体系的能量总是a. 等于体系真实的基态能量b. 大于体系真实的基态能量c. 不小于体系真实的基态能量d. 小于体系真实的基态能量( )13、下面对于分子中电子排布说法正确的是a. 电子不能排入反键轨道,因为反键轨道能量较高b. 电子可以排入反键轨道,但排入后轨道能量升高c. 反键轨道具有和成键轨道相似的性质d. 反键轨道和相应的成键轨道的分布形状相同( )14、下面关于双原子分子光谱描述正确的是a. 分子光谱是和分子内部运动密切相关的b. 分子光谱和核的运动无关c. 核的自旋和电子自旋在分子光谱中表现很明显,所以不能忽略d. 一般分子光谱不涉及到电子的跃迁( )15、分子的Raman 光谱活性是和下列哪一个性质相关的?a. 电阻率b. 极化率c. 偶极距d. 热容( )16、下列哪一个不是晶体所有的共同特性?a.均匀性b.各向异性c. 各向同性d.自发地形成多面体外形 ( )17、下列哪一种说法是正确的?a. 点阵结构和晶体结构是等同的b. 点阵结构和结构基元结构是等同的c. 基元结构就是晶体结构d. 在点阵点上放置结构基元就构成了晶体结构( )18、某晶体属于立方晶系,一晶面截x 轴a 21、y 轴于b 31、z 轴于c 41,则该晶面的指标为a. (364)b. (234)c. (423)d. (468) ( )19、特征x 射线产生是由于a. 原子内层电子能级间跃迁b. 原子的价电子能级间的跃迁c. 分子振动能级间的跃迁d. 分子转动能级间的跃迁 ( )20、下列哪种电子的构型违背了泡里不相容原理?a. 111p 2s 2s 1 b. 122p2s 2s 1c. 322p 2s 2s 1d. 232p 2s 2s 1二、填空(每空2分,共20分)1、黑体辐射频率为ν的能量,其是不连续的,只能为νh 的整数倍,称为能量 。