Lessons learned from the VW Vehicle API
learning lessons from the past阅读解析
learning lessons from the past阅读解析“Learning Lessons from the Past”是一篇英语短文，它以第一人称的视角，讲述了一个人从过去的经历中吸取教训，并因此获得了成长。
在文章开头，作者使用“A few years ago，I made a decision that changed my life”这个句子来引入自己的故事。
通过这个简洁明了的开头，读者可以立刻感受到作者的自信和积极向上的态度。
接下来，作者描述了自己当时面临的选择和困境，即是否要放弃一份稳定的工作去追求自己的梦想。
在这个过程中，作者通过描述自己内心的矛盾和挣扎，展现了她的成长和变化。
在文章中段，作者详细描述了自己做出决定的过程。
她通过列举自己曾经的成功和失败的经历，来说明自己的决定并非盲目冒险，而是经过深思熟虑后的选择。
此外，作者还强调了自己对未来的规划和目标，进一步证明了她的决定并非一时冲动。
在这个过程中，作者使用了大量的具体例子和细节来支持自己的观点，使读者更容易理解和接受她的想法。
在文章结尾处，作者强调了自己从这段经历中学到的教训。
她认为，只有通过不断尝试和努力，才能实现自己的梦想。
同时，她也提醒读者不要害怕失败和挫折，因为这些经历将成为我们成长的重要财富。
最后，作者用“Now I can look back on that time with gratitude for all that I learned and the strength I gained”— 1 —这个句子来总结全文，表达了自己对过去的感激之情和对未来的信心。
“Learning Lessons from the Past”是一篇具有启发性和感染力的文章。
作者通过讲述自己的经历，向读者传递了一个积极向上的信息：只有不断努力和学习，才能实现自己的梦想并获得成长。
此外，文章中使用的具体例子和细节也为读者提供了更多的信息和启示。
New_Energy_Vehicle_Market_Accelerates_the_Combing-
60In April 2022, BYD off icially announced the decision to stop the production of fuel vehicles, meaning it has completely moved away from the “fuel era”, and will focus on pure electric and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles in the future. In other words, BYD will concentrate its resources on strengthening the competitiveness in new energy vehicle (NEV) market.The pandemic causes changes in industry landscapeEntering 2022, the COVID-19 pandemic broke out again in China, c a u s i n g s e v e r a l p r o v i n c e s a n d municipalities, including Shanghai and Jilin Province, to be under full or partial regional lockdown. The outbreak has had a serious impact on both the supply and demand sides of China’s automobile industry, resulting in a significant decline in domestic vehicle sales in April. According to the data from China Passenger Car Association (CPCA), domestic wholesale volume of narrowly-defined passenger vehicles fell 43.0% year-on-year in April and 47.8% from March, while retail sales fell 35.5% and 34.0% respectively withNew Energy Vehicle Market Accelerates the Combing-out of Unfit Playersthe same comparisons.In May, the epidemic in China becomes gradually under control, as FAW Group, SAIC Motor, Tesla and other vehicle producers and supporting parts enterprises resume production, and the tight supply begins to ease. However, the epidemic would have an long-lasting impact on the demand side, especially for NEV sector, which continued to grow at a high rate before the outbreak. After current wave of the epidemic quiets down, there is expected to be a significant change in the landscape of new energy vehicle and parts industry, comparing to that before the epidemic.According to sources in the industr y, before the outbreak of COVID-19 in 2019, many domestic b r a n d s a n d n e w l y-e s t a b l i s h e d automobile companies in China were able to occupy a certain share in new energy passenger vehicle market, and some of them with poor product competitiveness gradually lost their market shares between 2018 and 2021, and even face a survival crisis.In 2018, all the top ten players (in terms of market share) in new energy passenger vehicle market in China were domestic enterprises, with BYD, BAIC BJEV, SAIC Motors, Chery and JAC Motor of the top five. In 2019, most of the top ten players were still domestic automobile companies, with BYD and BAIC BJEV holding basically the same market share in 2019 as in 2018, and still taking the lead, while small and medium-sized brands, such as Huatai Auto, JMEV and Zotye Automobile whose products and brands are less competitive, disappeared from the top ten in 2019 and were replaced by SAIC-GM-Wuling, GAC Aian, Great Wall Motor, SAIC-VW and other leading domestic automobile companies.In 2021, the new energy passenger vehicle market in China was basically stable, since the top ten players compared to those in 2020 did not change much, but new players of NIO, Xiaopeng, and Lixiang were enlisted among the top ten.Analysts believe that since 2021, NEV market has kept developing fast, and all major NEV enterprises have benefited from rapidly-growing market. It is estimated that 3 to 5 years later when these favorable policies terminate, and the market enters the stage of stock competition, the growth rate of NEV sales may slow down, and NEV enterprises with weak competitiveness will gradually be eliminated.In the post-epidemic era, while high-end brands with strong product and brand competitiveness, such as Tesla, will maintain their advantages in middle and high-end market (for vehicles priced above RMB 200,000), the declining purchasing power of low-income consumers will lead to more intense competition in middle and low-end market, and automobile companies with leading product technology and cost performance, such as BYD, will quickly increase their presence in middle and low-end market, at which they are targeting. It is expected that the above two types of automobile companies will continue to increase their market shares, and some relatively less competitive players will have to face greater survival crisis, as low-income consumers have weaker demand, and Huawei, Xiaomi and other technology companies are entering NEV market from 2023 onwards, putting higher pressure on existing players.More players are entering NEV marketMore strong players flooded inBy Jenny Hu61new energy passenger vehicle market in China in 2020, which witnessed a major change in new energy passenger vehicle industry, as Tesla China, NIO, FAW-VW, and Lixiang be enlisted among the top ten players in this market in China, and SGMW capture the mid- and low-end market with new models such as Hongguang MINI EV, bringing its market share from 4.5% in 2019 to 14.8% in 2020. At the same time, BAIC BJEV, who held the largest market share in 2019, almost disappeared in 2020, with sales slipping from nearly 150,000 vehicles in 2019 to 25,900 in 2020.From 2022 onwards, Huawei, Xiaomi, Baidu and other technology companies will further intensify the competition in new energy passenger vehicle market, putting greater pressure on automobile companies with weaker product and brand competitiveness, and accelerating the combing-out process in NEV industry.Huawei announced the establishment of a business unit for intelligent automobile solutions in 2019, and has now launched self-developed products and solutions in fields such as intelligent driving, intelligent cockpit, core systems (battery, electric motor and electronic control system) for NEVs, thermal management, etc., which have been applied in several flagship models from intelligent automobile brands such as ArcFox, Avatr and AITO.On March 30, 2021, Xiaomi made an announcement at Hong Kong Stock Exchange, and officially announced its entry into intelligent electric vehicle industry. It’s learned from Xiaomi’s financial report 2021, now its automobile business department has an R&D team of exceeding 1,000 employees, and the f irst model is expected to be mass-produced in the first half of 2024. In March 2021, Baidu and Geely announced the establishment of Jidu Automobile, to take each advantages and research and develop intelligent connected vehicles: Baidu will provide Jidu with intelligent software capabilities such as autonomous driving and intelligent connection, while Geely will provide SE A (S u s t a i n a b l e E x p e r i e n c e Architecture) and complete vehiclemanufacturing capabilities.In recent years BYD made a series of strategic adjustments, completed the shift from vertical integration to an open platform, and developed a fully open supply chain, which will benefit NEV parts industry chain and help BYD enhance its brand and influence through the industry. In 2021 BYD made great achievements in both pure electric and hybrid fields, becoming a leader in new energy passenger vehicle market and taking the first place in terms of sales of new energy passenger vehicles in China. Besides, BYD became the first domestic brand that realized sales of 100,000 new energy passenger vehicles per month, succeeding in being enlisted among head companies in passenger vehicle market in China.Fiercer competition in high-end NEV marketIn last three or four years, a small number of automobile companies, such as NIO, Lixiang and Xiaopeng, have actively explored high-end NEV market and made remarkable progresses, with sales approaching 100,000 vehicles in 2021 respectively, inspiring many other players to accelerate the layout for high-end NEV market. Entering 2022, following Lixiang, NIO and Xiaopeng, a large number of new high-end NEV brands, including Shalong Auto, Avatr, IM Motors, Dongfeng M series, AITO, and Niutron, are actually advancing their production plans.According to a survey by Yiche Research, in 2021 the consumers in high-end NEV market in China were mainly from sectors of manufacturing, Internet, energy, construction and so on. The rise of some high-end NEV brands is closely related to consumers from Internet-related industries, as the survey indicated that nearly two out of ten (18.64%) such buyers chose NEVs in 2021.Also thanks to the contribution from consumers in Internet-related industries, high-end NEV brands such as Lixiang and NIO develop quickly. In 2021, Lixiang and NIO led in China in terms of the penetration among consumers in Internet-relatedindustries, reaching 31.18% and 18.18% respectively, following by AIAN, Tesla and Xiaopeng, fully demonst rat ing t hat (h igh-end) NEV brands that focus on product innovation and users’ preferences are more attractive to such consumers. The fact that Link and Tank are among top 10 in terms of brand penetration indicates consumers in Internet-related industries prefer individuality and segmented brands, and that BMW, Mercedes-Benz, Audi, Porsche, Lexus and other high-end brands are among top 20 shows that these consumers have stronger consuming power.In addition, the survey showed that women were of a force quite noticeable in automobile market for consumers from Internet-related industries. In 2021, although most such automobile consumers were still male, women also made up nearly 40%. At the same time, up to 5.59% of female automobile buyers were from Internet-related industries, which was significantly higher that of male. High-end NEV brands need an active layout plan for the female automobile market, to attract consumers from Internet-related industries and achieve a rapid growth, by specifically optimize model design, sale network distribution, after-sales service, etc.However, analysts believe there are signs that more and more high-end NEV brands are getting homogenized, including products and ser vices, and they are lack of innovative ideas attractive to consumers from Internet-related industries. During the 14th Five-Year Plan period, if high-end NEV brands want to attract these consumers and secure a rapid growth in sales, they must develop innovative corporate culture, and strive to building a differentiated competition system from Lixiang, NIO, and so on, to better attract quality consumers. As for specific strategies, they may need to focus on the four first-tier cities in China of Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Shenzhen, and actively put medium and medium-to-large-sized, sports cars and other personalized models, to meet the demand for add-on or replacement purchase.。
术语解释
It's a company that offers individuals or enterprises access over the Internet to applications and related services that would otherwise have to be located in their own personal or enterprise computers. 一种为个人或企业级用户提供通过Internet访问应用程序或相关服务的公司。从而，上述应用程序或相关服务就不必存在 于用户自己的个人电脑或企业服务器上。
资本公积，包括股本溢价，资本重估增值，处理资产溢价等。
A device that supports the seat frame assembly ,provides attachment to the floor pan of the vehicle and provides adjustments to be made to the seated position. 一个支承座椅骨架总成的机构,它提供到汽车地板的连接和使座椅调节定位。 Convert an ideal, want, technology into a feasible product concept. 将主意、需要和技术转化为可行的产品概念。 Inclusion of prevention measures to eliminate product defects during the design and development period. 包含预防性措施来消除在设计和开发期间的产品缺陷。
2TP
2W/4W/6 W/8W
3rd Seat 第三排座椅 4th Seat 第四排座椅 5S/Visual Management 5S和可视化管理
VW 50180中英文版
VOlKSWAGENGroup standard VW50180Issue2019-04 Class.No.:55104Descriptors:component chamber,condensate,emission,formaldehyde,interior, luggage compartment,odor test,vehicle interior描述:组件室，冷凝水，散发，甲醛，内部，行李厢，气味测试，汽车内饰Components,Semi-Finished Products,and Materials in the Vehicle Interior Emission Behavior汽车内饰零部件、半成品和材料释放性能Previous issuesVW50180:1996-05,2000-07,2007-12,2015-05之前的版本VW50180：1996-05，2000-07，2007-12，2015-05Changes变化The following changes have been made to VW50180:2015-05:对VW50180:2015-05进行了以下更改:---Standard title changed---标准标题更改---Technical responsibility updated---技术职责更新---Section1"Scope"expanded(use matrix added)---第1节“范围”扩大(增加使用矩阵)---Section2"Definitions"added---增加了第2节“定义”---Section5.2"Minimum component size requiring emission tests":Sizes changed---第5.2节“要求散发试验的最小部件尺寸”:尺寸改变---Section5.4"Age of specimens/packaging/storage"added---增加了第5.4节“试样的年龄/包装/储存”---Limits and footnotes in table2,table3,table4,and table5changed---表2、表3、表4和表5中的限制和脚注发生了变化---Table2and Table3:"Displays"added---表2和表3:添加了“显示”---Section5.5.1"Special considerations for body seals(door seals,tailgate/trunk lid seals,sliding sunroof seals)"added---增加第5.5.1节“车身密封(车门密封、尾盖/后备箱盖密封、天窗滑动密封)的特殊考虑”---Section5.5.2"Special considerations for process materials and cable jackets"added ---增加了第5.5.2节“工艺材料和电缆护套的特殊考虑”---Section5.6"Sampling"changed---第5.6节“采样”更改---Section6"Evaluation of the emissions in the1-m3component chamber(as per PV 3942)":Scope revised---第6节“1-m3组件室中散发的评估(根据PV3942)”---Section6.2"Component Requirements":Limit tables combined and limits changed ---第6.2节“部件要求”:组合限值表并更改限值---Section7"Substance limitations"revised and Table5"Limits for substances with CLP classification or individual substances which are classified as critical by V olkswagen"added---修订第7节“物质限制”和增加了表5“CLP类物质或被大众汽车归类为关键的个别物质的限制”。
汽车专业英语试题及答案
汽车专业英语试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. Which of the following is NOT a component of an internal combustion engine?A. CylinderB. PistonC. Spark plugD. AlternatorAnswer: D2. What is the primary function of a carburetor in a vehicle?A. To cool the engineB. To mix fuel and airC. To ignite the fuelD. To lubricate the engineAnswer: B3. What does the acronym ABS stand for in automotive technology?A. Anti-lock Braking SystemB. Automatic Brake SystemC. Advanced Braking SystemD. Auxiliary Braking SystemAnswer: A4. In a four-stroke engine, what is the term for the process where the piston moves down the cylinder to draw in air and fuel?A. Compression strokeB. Exhaust strokeC. Intake strokeD. Power strokeAnswer: C5. What is the purpose of a transmission in a vehicle?A. To generate electricityB. To control the speed and torqueC. To cool the engineD. To increase fuel efficiencyAnswer: B6. What is the term used to describe the ratio of the number of rotations of the drive wheels to the number of rotations of the engine?A. Gear ratioB. Speed ratioC. Drive ratioD. Torque ratioAnswer: B7. Which of the following is NOT a type of suspension system used in vehicles?A. Independent suspensionB. Dependent suspensionC. Semi-independent suspensionD. Non-suspensionAnswer: D8. What does the acronym HVAC stand for in a vehicle's climate control system?A. Heating, Ventilation, and CoolingB. High Voltage, Air ConditioningC. Hot Water, Ventilation, and CoolingD. Heavy Vehicle, Air ConditioningAnswer: A9. What is the main purpose of a catalytic converter in a vehicle's exhaust system?A. To reduce noiseB. To increase fuel efficiencyC. To reduce harmful emissionsD. To improve engine performanceAnswer: C10. What is the term for the system that helps a vehicle to stop by converting kinetic energy into thermal energy?A. Power steering systemB. Braking systemC. Suspension systemD. Engine cooling systemAnswer: B二、填空题（每空1分，共20分）1. The main components of an engine include the _______,_______, _______, and _______.Answer: block, head, crankshaft, camshaft2. In a vehicle, the _______ is responsible for converting the linear motion of the piston into rotational motion. Answer: crankshaft3. The _______ is a safety feature that prevents the wheels from locking up during hard braking, allowing the driver to maintain steering control.Answer: ABS4. The _______ is the system in a vehicle that provides power to the electrical components when the engine is not running. Answer: alternator5. The _______ is a type of suspension system where each wheel moves independently of the others, allowing for better handling and ride comfort.Answer: independent suspension6. The _______ is the part of the engine that controls the flow of air and fuel into the combustion chamber.Answer: intake manifold7. The _______ is the process by which a vehicle's engine converts the heat energy from combustion into mechanicalenergy.Answer: power stroke8. The _______ is the system in a vehicle that controls the temperature and quality of the air inside the cabin. Answer: HVAC9. The _______ is a device that reduces the amount of harmful gases and particulates released into the atmosphere by the vehicle's exhaust.Answer: catalytic converter10. The _______ is the system that allows a vehicle to change gears, adjusting the engine's speed and torque to match driving conditions.Answer: transmission三、简答题（每题10分，共20分）1. Explain the function of a radiator in a vehicle.Answer: A radiator in a vehicle is responsible for cooling the engine by dissipating the heat generated during combustion. It circulates coolant through a network of tubes and fins, allowing the coolant to absorb heat from the engine and then release it into the atmosphere, thus maintaining the engine at an optimal operating temperature.2. Describe the role of a differential in a vehicle's drivetrain.Answer: The differential is a gearbox located between the transmission and the drive wheels. Its primary role is to allow the wheels to rotate at different speeds when thevehicle is turning, as the outer wheel travels a greater distance than the inner wheel. This ensures that the wheels maintain traction and reduces wear on the tires, while also providing a smoother ride. Additionally, the differential can distribute torque between the wheels, which can be beneficial in situations where one wheel may lose traction,。
一汽—大众新车型项目的流程优化研究
摘要一汽-大众新车型项目的流程优化研究近年来随着汽车市场的增速放缓，汽车企业需要不断推出符合市场需求的新产品才能不被淘汰。
如何在规定的时间内顺利的完成新车型的投产就变得极为重要。
企业获得核心竞争力的有效途径就是在新产品开发中获得足够的优势。
一汽-大众成立于1992年，随着公司规模不断扩大，产品线不断扩充，职能部门的分工越来越细化，对于车型项目的要求也越来越高，以目前行业的平均水平来看，一个车型从无到有，新车型项目从开始到正式量产，所需要的周期为48个月。
在漫长的项目运营过程中，会遇到各种各样的困难与挑战，主要体现在项目运行效率低和部分流程空白等方面。
如何利用先进的运营管理手段和理念，指导公司各相关部门按照项目要求完成各个阶段的任务，最终实现项目的顺利投产成为了目前项目运营的难题。
本文归纳流程管理的相关基本理论，重点叙述了流程重组的理论和企业的实际应用，在此基础上，为了实现新车型项目的流程优化目标，针对于现行的流程进行了深入剖析和研究，对一汽-大众公司内部现有的流程状态进行深入分析，查找其在运行中的问题。
重点分析了新车型项目阶段出现的周期性问题，公司内部职能与职责定位问题以及产品开发质量问题。
利用流程重组相关理论，制定了产品开发流程的优化方案，适当调整了各阶段的主要任务；结合流程重组的相关方法，对现有的新车型项目中五大阶段进行细化拆分，识别出各阶段实现的关键路径，同时对细分后的阶段工作内容进行定义，适当调整每个阶段的检查点设置，起到促进项目组重点关注的作用；考虑到一汽-大众新车型项目的实际运行状况，对检查点进行标准化和规范化管理，依据各检查点的工作内容清晰的列出通过检查点需要的交付条件，明确各部门的工作内容，达到提升项目整体运营效率，降低企业运营成本的目的。
最后，为了保障流程优化方案的实施效果，提出了实施该方案的保障措施。
为了保障优化方案的顺利推进，需要在流程上确保方案的实时更新，在组织上确保方案得到高层的授权推进，在制度上需要公司上下级顺畅的沟通。
A Lesson Learned
A Lesson LearnedLife is full of lessons, some of which are learned through experience and others through observation. One such lesson that I learned was the importance of perseverance and resilience in the face of adversity. This lesson was not only taught to me through my own experiences, but also through the stories of others who have overcome challenges in their lives.One of the most impactful experiences that taught me the value of perseverance was when I faced a major setback in my academic journey. I had always been a dedicated and hardworking student, but during my sophomore year of college, I encountered a series of personal and academic challenges that made it difficult for me to focus on my studies. As a result, my grades suffered, and I found myself on the brink of academic probation. It was a humbling and disheartening experience, but it also served as a turning point in my life.During this difficult time, I sought advice and guidance from my professors, friends, and family. Their support and encouragement helped me to see that setbacks are a natural part of life, and that what truly matters is how we respond to them. I realized that I had a choice – I could either give up and accept defeat, or I could muster the strength to persevere and overcome the challenges that lay before me. With their support, I chose the latter.I began to develop a mindset of resilience, focusing on the belief that I could overcome any obstacle with determination and hard work. I sought out additional resources and support, such as tutoring and counseling services, to help me improve my academic performance and manage the personal challenges I was facing. It was a long and arduous journey, but with each small victory, I gained more confidence in my ability to overcome adversity.As I reflect on this experience, I realize that it was not only my personal journey that taught me the importance of perseverance, but also the stories of others who have overcome significant challenges in their lives. I have always been drawn to stories of resilience and triumph, and I have found inspiration in the tales of individuals who have faced seemingly insurmountable odds and emerged victorious.One such story that has had a profound impact on me is that of Malala Yousafzai, the Pakistani activist for female education and the youngest Nobel Prize laureate. Malala's story is one of incredible bravery and resilience, as she defied the Taliban's ban on girls' education in her hometown and continued to advocate for the rights of girls to receive an education. Despite facing threats to her life, she remained steadfast in her mission and eventually became a global symbol of the fight for education and women's rights.Malala's story serves as a powerful reminder that perseverance is not just about overcoming personal challenges, but also about standing up for what we believe in and fighting for the rights and freedoms of others. Her unwavering determination in the face of adversity is a testament to the power of resilience, and it has inspired me to approach my own challenges with a similar sense of courage and tenacity.In addition to individual stories of perseverance, I have also been deeply moved by the collective resilience demonstrated by communities in the face of natural disasters and other crises. One such example is the response of the people of New Orleans in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina. The devastation caused by the hurricane was unimaginable, and yet the people of New Orleans came together to support one another and rebuild their city.The resilience of the people of New Orleans in the wake of such a catastrophic event serves as a powerful example of the strength that can be found in community and solidarity. It is a testament to the human spirit and the capacity to rise above even the most challenging circumstances. Their story has taught me that perseverance is not just an individual endeavor, but also a collective effort that can bring about profound change and transformation.In conclusion, the lesson of perseverance and resilience is one that I have learned through my own experiences, as well as through the stories of others who have overcome significant challenges in their lives. It has taught me the importance of maintaining a positive mindset in the face of adversity, and the value of seeking support and guidance from others. It has also inspired me to stand up for what I believe in and to contribute to the collective resilience of my community. Ultimately, the lesson of perseverance has shapedmy outlook on life and instilled in me a deep sense of determination and courage in the face of adversity.。
潍尔（VW）车型控制指南说明书
VEHICLE CONTROLSLearn about the various controls necessary for operating and driving the vehicle.Using the Remote TransmitterLock or unlock the doors, tailgate, and fuel-fill door. Start and stop the engine.*1Leaving the remote transmitter in the vehicle can result in theft or accidental movement of the vehicle. Always take it with you whenever you leave the vehicle unattended.*1 - If equippedSmart Entry System*1When you carry the remote transmitter (for example, in a pocket or purse) and it is outside the vehicle and within range (about 32 inches or 80 cm), you can lock or unlock the doors, and the tailgate without handling the transmitter.n Unlocking/Locking the DoorsTo unlock: Grab the driver’s door handleto unlock the driver’s door. Grab thefront passenger’s door handle or reardoor handle to unlock all the doors andthe tailgate. You can customize thisfeature’s behavior.To lock: Press the door lock button oneither front door handle. If the remotetransmitter is inside the vehicle, thedoors will not lock.n Walk Away Auto Lock®When you walk away from the vehicle while carrying the remotetransmitter, the doors can automatically lock if the following conditions are met:•The remote transmitter is within a range of 5 feet (1.5 m).•All doors and the trunk are closed.•There is not an additional remote transmitter inside the vehicle.Follow these steps:*1 - If equipped1.Exit the vehicle, close the door andstay near it. Listen for a beep. Thesystem is activated.2.Walk at least 5 feet (1.5 m) away.3.Listen for a beep and look for thelights to flash. The doors lock.Door OperationUse several methods to lock or unlock the doors. n Using the Lock TabTo unlock: When you unlock either frontdoor using the lock tab, the specificdoor (driver’s or passenger’s) unlocks.To lock: When you lock the door usingthe lock tab on the driver’s door, all theother doors and the tailgate lock at thesame time. When you lock the doorusing the lock tab on the frontpassenger’s door, only that door locks.n Using the Front Door Inner HandlePull the front door inner handle. The door unlocks and opens in one motion.Unlocking and opening the driver’s door from the inner handle unlocks all other doors.Do not pull a front door inner handlewhile the vehicle is moving.Unlocking and opening the driver’s doorfrom the inner handle unlocks all theother doors and the trunk.n Using the Master Door Lock SwitchTo unlock: Press the unlock side of theswitch to unlock all doors and thetailgate.To lock: Press the lock side of theswitch to lock all doors and the tailgate.n Childproof Door LocksThe childproof door locks prevent therear doors from being opened from theinside regardless of the position of thelock tab.Slide the lever in the rear door to thelock position, and close the door.Open the door using the outer doorhandle.n Opening/Closing the Sliding DoorsFrom the outside, pull the outer doorhandle and slide the door all the way tothe front or rear.From the inside, grab the inner doorhandle and slide the door all the way tothe front or rear.n Power Sliding Doors*1When the vehicle is OFF or the remote engine start mode is active, thepower sliding doors operate when:•The power sliding door switch is ON(as shown) and•The power sliding door is unlockedand•The fuel fill door is closed (fordriver's side sliding door).When the vehicle is ON, the powersliding doors operate when:•The shift position is P and•The brake pedal is depressed or the electric parking brake is applied and •You use the power sliding door switches on the dashboard.*1 - If equippedFrom the insidePress OPEN on the power sliding door button for the desired door side.Press CLOSE to close the door.While a power sliding door is in operation, you can press the button again to stop it from opening or closing. Press the button again to resume operation.A sliding door will not open fully if the window is open more than 3 inches (8cm). Close the door, close the window, and open the door again.The driver's side sliding door will not open if the fuel fill door is opened.Note: Closing a sliding door while any part of a passenger is in the door's path can cause serious injury.Make sure all passengers are clear of the doorway before closing a sliding door.Tailgate OperationUse these methods to operate the tailgate.n Power Tailgate ButtonTo open or close the power tailgate,press the power tailgate button forabout one second.If you press the button again while thepower tailgate is moving, it will stop.Press the button for about one second,and the power tailgate will reversedirection.n Power Tailgate Outer HandleAutomatic OperationIf you press the outer handle of thetailgate for no longer than one second,the tailgate opens automatically.Manual OperationIf you want to open the tailgate manually, press the button for more than one second.n Programmable Tailgate PositionYou can set the maximum opening of the tailgate to suit your needs.1.Manually adjust the tailgate to your desired position.2.Press and hold the tailgate innerbutton until you hear one long andtwo short beeps.n Power Tailgate Inner ButtonPress the button on the tailgate to closethe power tailgate.If you press the button again while thepower tailgate is moving, it will stop.Press and release the button again, andthe power tailgate will reversedirection.n Power Tailgate Hands Free Access*1Use a forward and back kicking motion under the center of the rear bumper to open or close the power tailgate while carrying the keyless accessremote.*1 - If equipped。
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Stand: 11. Juli 2006
Konzernforschung
\Vortraege\Mastereriences learned from the VAPI effort
• An abstract type model is valuable
• Use of abstract data type patterns to express the behaviour of the specific data object • Differentiation between
Stand: 11. Juli 2006
Konzernforschung
\Vortraege\Mastervorlage.pot
3
References and availability
• Proven solution used by
• >>30 research & development projects within VW and Audi • NoW (Network On Wheels – VW, BMW, DC) • VII (Vehicle Infrastructure Integration - VW, GM, Ford, Toyota, Nissan, DC, BMW)
Hardware access
• All definitions, mappings, etc. are verifiable by XML schema
• VAPI covers all layers
Mapping rules
VAPI
Object representation
Object model
Lessons learned from the VW Vehicle API Jens Krüger, Hans-Christian Fricke
22.3.2007 OSGi VEG Workshop, Eindhoven
Volkswagen Group Research
Who are we?
Hans-Christian Fricke
• Abstract data types should have properties that define their limits and character
• SI unit, max. value, min. value, enumeration states, etc.
Stand: 11. Juli 2006
Konzernforschung
\Vortraege\Mastervorlage.pot
6
Synergy between the vehicle interfaces
• Standardization and acceptance
• We are not fixed on our VAPI efforts, we need one wide accepted standard • We would like to contribute in the VEG OMA-DM standardization • We see a need for both, a reference implementation and a specification
Stand: 11. Juli 2006
Konzernforschung
\Vortraege\Mastervorlage.pot
4
Experiences learned from the VAPI effort
• Prepare for throttling of data updates
• Within our applications we had to throttle the updates based on the specific application requirements, to avoid “data update/notify-flooding”. • For example: In a VW CAN systems some powertrain information is cyclic updated all 7ms
•Data communications •Mobile device applications •Java technologies
Jens Krüger
•Vehice bus systems •Vehicle abstraction •VAPI development
Volkswagen AG, Group Research, Wolfsburg, Germany
• Free for research, development and education
• Binary distribution for Linux Kernel 2.6.x (without NDA), Windows prototype exists • Option for access to the source-code (with NDA) • Tool chain available (e.g. Profile Generator for mapping and import of DBC files) • Java client API including simple OSGi wrapper
• abstract type conventions of objects and • the naming scheme within the object tree
• Not only OSGi/Java centric
• The elements should be self-describing
Stand: 11. Juli 2006 Konzernforschung
\Vortraege\Mastervorlage.pot 2
What is the Vehicle API (VAPI)?
• Specification and implementation of a vehicle object model • Manufacturer and model independent