最新整理下半年公共英语五级考试经典阅读资料
最新整理公共英语五级(pets)备考阅读练习(2)
公共英语五级(p e t s)备考阅读练习(2)S h a m s a n d d e l u s i o n s a r e e s t e e m e d f o r s o u n d e s tt r u t h s,w h i l e r e a l i t y i s f a b u l o u s.I f m e n w o u l d s t e a d i l y o b s e r v e r e a l i t i e s o n l y,a n d n o t a l l o wt h e m s e l v e s t o b e d e l u d e d, l i f e, t o c o m p a r e i t w i t h s u c h t h i n g s a s w e k n o w, w o u l d b e l i k e a f a i r y t a l e a n d t h e A r a b i a n N i g h t s’ E n t e r t a i n m e n t s.I f w er e s p e c t e d o n l y w h a t i s i n e v i t a b l e a n d h a s a r i g h t t o b e,m u s i c a n d p o e t r y w o u l d r e s o u n d a l o n g t h e s t r e e t s.W h e n w e a r e u n h u r r i e d a n d w i s e,w ep e r c e i v e t h a t o n l y g r e a t a n d w o r t h y t h i n g s h a v e a n y p e r m a n e n t a n d a b s o l u t e e x i s t e n c e,--t h a t p e t t yf e a r s a n d p e t t y p l e a s u r e a r e b u t t h e s h a d o w o fr e a l i t y. T h i s i s a l w a y s e x h i l a r a t i n g a n d s u b l i m e.B y c l o s i n g t h e e y e s a n d s l u m b e r i n g, b y c o n s e n t i n g t o b e d e c e i v e d b y s h o w s, m e n e s t a b l i s h a n d c o n f i r m t h e i r d a i l y l i f e o f r o u t i n e a n d h a b i t e v e r y w h e r e, w h i c h s t i l l i s b u i l t o n p u r e l y i l l u s o r y f o u n d a t i o n.C h i l d r e n, w h o p l a y l i f e, d i s c e r n i t s t r u e l a w a n dr e l a t i o n s m o r e c l e a r l y t h a n m e n, w h o f a i l t o l i v e w o r t h i l y,b u t w h o t h i n k t h a t t h e y a r e w i s e r b ye x p e r i e n c e, t h a t i s, b yf a i l u r e. I h a v e r e a d i n a H i n d o o b o o k, t h a t“t h e r e w a s a k i n g’s s o n, w h o, b e i ng e x p e l l e d i n i n f a n c y f r o mhi s n a t i v e c i t y, w a s b r o u g h t u p b y a f o r e s t e r,a n d,g r o w i n g u p t om a t u r i t y i n t h a t s t a t e, i m a g i n e d h i m s e l f t o b e l o n g t o t h e b a r b a r o u s r a c e w i t h w h i c h b e l i v e d. O n e o f h i s f a t h e r’s m i n i s t e r s h a v i n g d i s c o v e r e d h i m,r e v e a l e d t o h i m w h a t h e w a s, a n d t h e m i s c o n c e p t i o n o f h i s c h a r a c t e r w a s r e m o v e d, a n d h e k n e w h i m s e l f t o b e a p r i n c e. S o s o u l, f r o m t h e c i r c u m s t a n c e s i n w h i c h i t i s p l a c e d,m i s t a k e s i t s o w n c h a r a c t e r,u n t i l t h e t r u t h i s r e v e a l e d t o i t b y s o m e h o l yt e a c h e r,a n d t h e n i t k n o w s i t s e l f t o b e B r a h m e.”W e t h i n k t h a t t h a t i s w h i c h a p p e a r s t o b e. I f a m a n s h o u l d g i v e u s a n a c c o u n t o f t h e r e a l i t i e s h e b e h e l d, w e s h o u l d n o t r e c o g n i z e t h e p l a c e i n h i sd e s c r i p t i o n.L o o k a t a m e e t i n g-h o u s e,o r ac o u r t-h o u s e,o r a j a i l,o r a s h o p.O r ad we l l i n g-h o u s e, a n d s a y w h a t t h a t t h i n g r e a l l y i s b ef o r e a t r u eg a z e, a n d th e y w o u l d a l l g o t o pi e c e s i n y o u r a c c o u n t o f t h e m. M e n e s t e e m t r u t h r e m o t e, i n t h e o u t s k i r t s o f t h e s y s t e m, b e h i n d t h e f a r t h e s t s t a r,b e f o r e A d a m a n d a f t e r t h e l a s t m a n.I ne t e r n i t y t h e r e i s i n d e e d s o m e t h i n g t r u e a n d s u b l i m e.B u t a l l t h e s e t i m e s a n d p l a c e s a n d o c c a s i o n s a r e n o w a n d h e r e. G o d h i m s e l f c u l m i n a t e s i n t h e p r e s e n t m o m e n t, a n d w i l l n e v e r b e m o r e d i v i n e i n t h e l a p s e o f a l l a g e s. A n d w e a r e e n a b l e d t o a p p r e h e n d a t a l l w h a t i s s u b l i m e a n d n o b l e o n l y b y t h e p e r p e t u a li n s t i l l i n g a n d d r e n c h i n g o f t h e r e a l i t y t h a ts u r r o u n d s u s.T h e u n i v e r s e c o n s t a n t l y a n do b e d i e n t l y a n s w e r s t o o u r c o n c e p t i o n s; w h e t h e r w e t r a v e l f a s t o r s l o w, t h e t r a c k i s l a i d f o r u s. L e t u s s p e n d o u r l i v e s i n c o n c e i v i n g t h e n. T h e p o e t o r t h e a r t i s t n e v e r y e t h a d a s f a i r a n d n o b l e a d e s i g n b u t s o m e o f h i s p o s t e r i t y a t l e a s t c o u l d a c c o m p l i s hi t.1. T h e w r i t e r’s a t t i t u d e t o w a r d t h e a r t s i s o n eo f[A].a d m i r a t i o n.[B].i n d i f f e r e n c e.[C].s u s p i c i o n.[D].r e p u l s i o n2.T h e a u t h o r b e l i e v e s t h a t a c h i l d.[A].s h o u l d p r a c t i c e w h a t t h e H i n d o o s p r e a c h.[B]. f r e q u e n t l y f a c e s v i t a l p r o b l e m s b e t t e r t h a n g r o w n u p s d o.[C].h a r d l y e v e r k n o w s h i s t r u e o r i g i n.[D].i s i n c a p a b l e o f a p p r e c i a t i n g t h e a r t s.3. T h e a u t h o r i s p r i m a r i l y c o n c e r n e d w i t h u r g i n g t h e r e a d e r t o[A]. l o o k t o t h e f u t u r e f o r e n l i g h t e n m e n t. [B].a p p r a i s e t h e p r e s e n t f o r i t s t r u e v a l u e.[C].h o n o r t h e w i s d o m o f t h e p a s t a g e s.[D]. s p e n d m o r e t i m e i n l e i s u r e a c t i v i t i e s.4.T h e p a s s a g e i s p r i m a r i l y c o n c e r n e d w i t hp r o b l e m o f[A].h i s t o r y a n d e c o n o m i c s.[B].s o c i e t y a n d p o p u l a t i o n.[C].b i o l o g y a n d p h y s i c s.[D].t h e o l o g y a n dp h i l o s o p h y.V o c a b u l a r y1.s h a m虚伪2.d e l u s i o n欺骗3.f a b u l o u s荒诞无稽的，不存在的4.e x h i l a r a t i n g令人高兴的5.s u b l i m e崇高的6.s l u m b e r睡眠7.H i n d o o印度8.B r a h m a婆罗门(贵族)9.c o m e,f a l l,g o t o p i e c e s崩溃，垮台10.c u l m i n a t e达到顶点11.l a p s e时间的推移/消逝12.a p p r e h e n d领悟，理解13.i n s t i l l(慢慢地)滴注，灌输14.d r e n c h浸泡，使湿透15.p o s t e r i t y子孙后代16.l o o k t o指望，注意难句译注1. I f m e n w o u l d s t e a d i l y o b s e r v e r e a l i t i e s o n l y,a n d n o t a l l o w t h e m s e l v e s t ob e d e l u d e d,l i f e,t oc o m p a r e i t w i t h s u c h t h i n g s a s w e k n o w,w o u ld be l i k e af a i r y t a l e a n d t h e A r a b i a n N igh t s’E n t e r t a i n m e n t s.[结构简析]虚拟条件句，主句中t o c o m p a r e i tw i t h… k n o w是插入语，也有假设之意。
最新公共英语五级备考试题阅读理解训练及答案
最新公共英语五级备考试题阅读理解训练及答案最新公共英语五级备考试题阅读理解训练及答案读书是学习，使用也是学习，而且是更重要的学习。
以下是店铺为大家搜索整理的最新公共英语五级备考试题阅读理解训练及答案，希望对正在关注的您有所帮助!No one should be forced to wear a uniform under any circumstance. Uniforms are demeaning to the human spirit and totally unnecessary in a democratic society. Uniforms tell the world that the person who wears one has no value as an individual but only lives to function as a part of the whole. The individual in a uniform loses all self-worth. There are those who say that wearing a uniform gives a person a sense of identification with a large, more important concept. What could be more important than the individual oneself? If an organization is so weak that it must rely on cloth and buttons to inspire its members, that organization has no right to continue its existence. Others say that the practice of making persons wear uniforms, say in school, eliminates all envy and competition in a matter of dress, such that a poor person who cannot afford good-quality clothing, why would anyone strive to be better? It is only a short step from forcing everyone to wear the same clothing to forcing everyone to drive the same car, have the same type of house, eat the same type of food. When this happens, all incentive to improve one’s life is removed. Why would parents bother to work hard so that their children could have a better life than they had when they know that their children are going to be forced to have exactly the same life that they had? Uniforms also hurt the economy. Right now, billions of dollars are spent on the fashion industry yearly. Thousands of persons are employed in designing,creating, and marketing different types of clothing. If everyone were forced to wear uniforms, artistic personnel would be unnecessary. Salespersons would be superfluous as well: why bother to sell the only items that are available? The wearing of uniforms would destroy the fashion industry which in turn would have a ripple effect on such industries as advertising and promotion. Without advertising, newspapers, magazines, and television would not be able to remain in business. Our entire information and entertainment industries would founder.1、The author’s viewpoint on uniforms can best be described as __________.A. practicalB. hystericalC. radicalD. critical(本题分值：1.5分)【正确答案】C2、Judged from its style, this passage might be found in __________.A. a children’s comics bookB. an editorial in a paperC. a sociology textbookD. a political platform(本题分值：1.5分)【正确答案】B3、It can be inferred that the author believes that __________.A. individuals have no self-worth when they become part of an organizationB. individuals are more important than organizationsC. individuals are not so important as organizationsD. individuals are the same important as organizations(本题分值：1.5分)【正确答案】B4、The author brings in the example of a parent striving to make life better for his children to make the point that __________.A. parents have responsibilities for their childrenB. uniforms would be less expensive than clothing for childrenC. uniforms cause dissension between parents and childrenD. individual motivation would be destroyed by uniforms(本题分值：1.5分)【正确答案】D5、The last word of the passage "founder" probably means __________.A. collapseB. shrinkC. disappearD. establish(本题分值：1.5分)【正确答案】A【最新公共英语五级备考试题阅读理解训练及答案】。
公共英语五级阅读文章
公共英语五级阅读文章公共英语五级阅读文章3篇阅读理解是英语考试避不开的题型，因此，考生一定要注意对于阅读理解的强化练习，下面是店铺为大家整理的公共英语五级阅读文章，希望对大家有所帮助。
公共英语五级阅读文章一From Boston to Los Angeles, from New York City to Chicago to Dallas, museums are either planning, building, or wrapping up wholesale expansion programs. These programs already have radically altered facades and floor plans or are expected to do so in the not-too-distant future.In New York City alone, six major institutions have spread up and out into the air space and neighborhoods around them or are preparing to do so.The reasons for this confluence of activity are complex, but one factor is a consideration everywhere -- space. With collections expanding, with the needs and functions of museums changing, empty space has become a very precious commodity.Probably nowhere in the country is this more true than at the Philadelphia Museum of Art, which has needed additional space for decades and which received its last significant facelift ten years ago. Because of the space crunch, the Art Museum has become increasingly cautious in considering acquisitions and donations of art, in some cases passing up opportunities to strengthen its collections.Deaccessing -- or selling off -- works of art has taken on new importance because of the museum's space problems. And increasingly, curators have been forced to juggle gallery space, rotating one masterpiece into public view while another is sentto storage.Despite the clear need for additional gallery and storage space, however, "the museum has no plan, no plan to break out of its envelope in the next fifteen years," according to Philadelphia Museum of Art's president.从波士顿到洛杉机，从纽约到芝加哥、到达拉斯，所有的博物馆或者正在筹划、建造或者正在完成大规模的扩建计划。
最新整理公共英语考试五级阅读热点材料整理(4)
公共英语考试五级阅读热点材料整理(4)年公共英语考试五级阅读热点材料整理(4)T U s e“d e s i r a b l e d i f f i c u l t y”运用“适当增加难度”来复习R e v i e w i n g m a t e r i a l i s o n e o f t h e m o s t p o p u l a r f o r m s o f l e a r n i n g.G u e s s w h a t?I t’s a l s o o n e o f t h e l e a s t e f f e c t i v e.R e s e a r c h e r s c a l l t h i s“t h e f l u e n c y i l l u s i o n.”J u s t b e c a u s e i t’s e a s y t or e m e m b e r r i g h t n o w d o e s n’t m e a n i t w i l l s t a y t h a t w a y.“D e s i r a b l e d i f f i c u l t y”m e a n s t h a t t h eh a r d e r y o u w o r k t r y i n g t o r e t r i e v e s o m e t h i n g f r o m m e m o r y, t h e b e t t e r y o u l e a r n. D o n’t m e r e l y r e r e a d s t u f f.P r a c t i c e l i k e a m e d i c a l s t u d e n t a n d q u i z y o u r s e l f w i t h f l a s h c a r d s.Y o u’r e n o t g o i n g t ol e a r n m u c h p a s s i v e l y.R e s e a r c h s h o w r e-r e a d i n gm a t e r i a l f o u r t i m e s w a s n o t n e a r l y a s e f f e c t i v e a s r e a d i n g i t o n c e a n d w r i t i n g a s u m m a r y.复习是学习的重要一环，那我要说是最没有效率的一环呢?研究学家称它为“熟练的假象”你记得某个知识并不代表着在任何情况下你都能熟练运用。
公共英语五级阅读的精读材料
公共英语五级阅读的精读材料Passage Seven (Forecasting of Statistics)Nearly two thousand years have passed since a census decreed by Caesar Augustus become part of the greatest story ever told. Many things have changed in the intervening years. The hotel industry worries more about overbuilding than overcrowding, and if they had to meet an unexpected influx, few inns would have a manager to accommodate the weary guests. Now it is the census taker that does the traveling in the fond hope that a highly mobile population will stay long enough to get a good sampling. Methods of gathering, recording, and evaluating information have presumably been improved a great deal. And where then it was the modest purpose of Rome to obtain a simple head count as an adequate basis for levying taxes, now batteries of complicated statistical series furnished by governmental agencies and private organizations are eagerly scanned and interpreted by sages and seers to get a clue to future events. The Bible does not tell us how the Roman census takers made out, and as regards our more immediate concern, the reliability of present day economic forecasting, there are considerable differences of opinion. They were aired at the celebration of the 125th anniversary of the American Statistical Association. There was the thought that business forecasting might well be on its way from an art to a science, and some speakers talked about newfangled computers and high-falutin mathematical system in terms of excitement and endearment which we, at least in our younger years when these things mattered, would have associated more readily with the description of a fair maiden. But others pointed to the deplorable record of highly esteemed forecasts and forecasters with a batting average below that of the Mets, and the President-elect of the Association cautioned that “high powered statistical methods are usually in order where the facts are crude and inadequate, the exact contrary of what crude and inadequate statisticians assume.” We left his birthday party somewhere between hope and despair and with the conviction, not really newly acquired, that proper statistical methods applied to ascertainable facts have their merits in economic forecasting as long as ne。
最新整理公共英语五级考试经典阅读资料(10)
One of the most famous sports superstars in the United States (10) boxer Muhammed Ali. (11) a young man, he won a (12) medal (奖章，纪念章) in the Olympics as a boxer. (13) he became the heavy-weight boxing champion of (14). (15) long, he was known as one of the greatest (16) mostfamous boxers in sports (17).
1.business sportsman (运动员)film-star singer
2.AtOnInFor
3.referred known thought cable excellent
5.superstar expert (专家，内行的) star rich man
6.somebody thing something all
7.singerstar masterwinner
8.top well-trained tall good
最新整理公共英语五级阅读考前热点材料汇集(1)
公共英语五级阅读考前热点材料汇集(1)其实吧，这场辩论一直号称是“大骗子川普v s不诚实的希拉里(L i a r T r u m p v s.C r o o k e d H i l l a r y)”的世纪之战。
所以你想真的在辩论里听出些真材实料基本不可能，但如果你抱着研习哔哔技巧的心态来看，这还是很有营养的。
更不用说可以看那些因为这场混战而倾巢而出的民间段子手了。
比如：-”I f h i l l a r y C l i n t o n a n d D o n a l T r u m p b o t h f a l l i n t o t h e o c e a n, w h o w i l l b e s a v e d?”-”A m e r i c a.”(-“如果希拉里和川普同时掉进海里，谁会得救?”-“美国会得救。
”)首先我们来简单理一下这场90度分钟的辩论到底讲了些神马，简单讲，希拉里想表达“美国有病，我有药，川普有问题，跟着姐姐一起构建和谐社会。
”而川普的立场是“美国有病，可我有钱啊，都是希拉里害的，美国有病，可我有钱啊，都是希拉里害的，都是希拉里害的，都是希拉里害的，哟叭咂嘿~”额，没看懂川普的逻辑吗?我也没看懂。
不过总体来说正常辩论还是挺简洁的，简洁到N P R都能用100个单词给概括了：T h e f i r s t p r e s i d e n t i a l d e b a t e b e t w e e n D o n a l dT r u m p a n d H i l l a r y C l i n t o n w a s a c o n t e n t i o u s a f f a i r w i t h t h e p r e s i d e n t i a l c a n d i d a t e s c l a s h i n g o n t h e e c o n o m y,t a x e s a n d t e r r o r i s m.W i t h d i s c i p l i n e,C l i n t o n p u s h e d T r u m p’s b u t t o n s,a t t a c k i n g h i sb u s i n e s s p r ac t i c e s, a c c u s i n g h i m o f n o t p a y i n g h i sc o n t r a c t o r s a nd s t i f f i n g t he A m e r i c a n p e o p l e b y n o t p a y i n gf e d e r a l t a x e s. T r u m p r e p l i e d,“T h a t m a k e s m e s m a r t.” T r u m p w a s v i n t ag e: a v i s c e r a l d e b a t e r wh o t o u t e d hi s b u s i n e s s a c u m e n a n d a c c u s e d C l i n t o n o f b e i n g a p r o f e s s i o n a l p o l i t i c i a n—“a l l t a l k a n d n o a c t i o n.”A30-y e a r c a r e e r i n p o l i t i c s,T r u m p s a i d,h a s y i e l d e d n o t h i n g.川普和希拉里的首场总统辩论火花十足，两人在经济、税收和恐怖主义方面针锋相对。
最新整理公共英语五级考试阅读资料(10)
公共英语五级考试阅读资料（10）“D o w n-t o-e a r t h”m e a n s s o m e o n e o r s o m e t h i n g t h a t i s h o n e s t.r e a l i s t i c a n d e a s y t o d e a l w i t h.I t i s a p l e a s u r e t o f i n d(31)___w h o i s d o w n-t o-e a r t h.Ap e r s o n w h o i s d o w n—t o-e a r t h i s e a s y t o t a l k(32) ___a n d a c c e p t s o t h e r p e o p l e a s e q u a l s.Ad o w n-t o-e a r t h p e r s o n i s j u s t t h e(33) ___of s o m e o n e w h o a c t s i m p o r t a n t o r p r o u d.D o w n-t o-e a r t h p e r s o n s m a y b e(34)___m e m b e r s o f s o c i e t y,o f c o u r s e.B u t t h e y d o n o t l e t t h e i ri m p o r t a n c e“(35)___t o t h e i r h e a d s”.T h e y d o n o t c o n s i d e r t h e m s e l v e s t o b e b e t t e r p e r s o n s t h a n(36) ___o f l e s s i m p o r t a n c e.S o m e o n e w h o i s f i l l e d w i t h h i s o w n i m p o r t a n c e a n d p r i d e，(37)___w i t h o u tc a u s e，i s s a id t o h a v e“h i s n o se i n t h e a i r”.T h e r e i s(38)w a y a p e r s o n w i t h h i s n o s e i n t h e a i r c a n b e d o w n-t o-e a r t h.A m e r i c a n s(39) ___ a n o t h e r e x p r e s s i o n t h a t m e a n s a l m o s t t h e s a m e a s“d o w n—t o-e a r t h”.T h e e x p r e s s i o n i s“b o t h—f e e t—o n-t h e—g r o u n d”.S o m e o n e(40)___b o t h—f e e t—o n—t h e-g r o u n d i s a p e r s o n w i t h a g o o d u n d e r s t a n d i n g(41)___r e a l i t y.H e h a s w h a t i sc a l l e d“c o m m o n s e n s e，”h e m a y h a v ed re a m s，(42) ___h ed oe s n o t a l l o w t h e m t o b l o c k h i s k n o w l e d g e o f(43) ___i s r e a l.T h e o p p o s i t e k i n d o f(44)___i s o n e w h o h a s h i s “h e a d—i n-t h e—c l o u d s”.A m a n w i t h h i sh e a d-i n-t h e—c l o u d s i s a d r e a m e r(45)___m i n d i s n o t i n t h e r e a l w o r l d.(46) ___，s u c h a d r e a m e r c a n b e b r o u g h t b a c k t oe a r t h.S h a r p w o r d sf r o m t e a c h e r c a n u s u a l l y(47)___a d a y-d r e a m i ng s t u d e n t d o w n-t o-e a r t h.U s u a l l y.m e p e r s o n w h o i s d o w n—t o-e a r t h i sv e r y(48)___t o h a v e b o t h f e e t o n t h e g r o u n d.(49) ___w e h a v e b o t h o u r f e e t o n t h e g r o u n d，w h e n w e a r e d o w n-t0—e a r t h，w e a c t h o n e s t l y a n d o p e n l y(50)___o t h e r s.O u r l i v e s a r e l i k e t h e g r o u n d b e l o w u s，s o l i d a n d s t r o n g.答案解析31.s o m e o n e【解析】由本文的第一句话“‘D o w n-t o-e a r t h’m e a n s s o m e—o n e o r s o m e t h i n gt h a t i s h o n e s t，r e a l i s t i c a n d e a s y t o d e a l w i t h.”可知“D o w n—t o—e a r t h”指的是诚实，现实、平易近人的那些人。
下半年公共英语五级阅读备考习题(一篇)
下半年公共英语五级阅读备考习题（一篇）下半年公共英语五级阅读备考习题 156.According to the author，which of the following resulted from the passage or revival of state laws limiting the work hours of women workers?[A]Women wooers were pelled to leave their jobs in factories.[B]Many employers had difficulty in providing jobs for returning veterans.[C]Many employers found it hard to attract women workers.[D]The health of most women factory workers improved.57.According to the first paragraph of the passage，the author considers which of the following to be most helpful in determining the value of special protective labor legislation for women?[A]A parative study of patterns of work-related illnesses in states that had such laws and in states that did not.[B]An estimate of how many women wooers ale in favor of such laws.[C]An __ysis of the cost to employers of plying with such laws.[D]An examination of me actual effects that such laws have had in the past on women wooers.58.The main point of the passage is that special protective labor laws for women workers are___.[A]unnecessary because most workers are well protected by existing labor laws[B] harmful to the economic interests of women wooers while offering them little or no actual protection[C]not worth preserving even though they do represent a hard won legacy of the labor movement[D]controversial because male workers receive less protection than they require59.The author implies that which of the following is characteristic of many employee health insurance plans?[A]They cover all the mon medical conditions affecting men，but only some of those affecting women.[B]They lack the special provisions for women workers that proposed special labor laws for women would provide.[C]They pay the medical costs associated with pregnancy and childbirth only for the spouses of male employees，not forfemale employees.[D]They meet minimum legal requirements，but do not adequately safeguard the health of either male or female employees.60.According to the passage，special labor laws protecting women workers tend generally to have which of the following effects?[A]They tend to modify the stereotypes employees often hold concerning women.[B]They increase the advantage to employers of hiring men instead of women，making it less likely that women will be hired.[C]They decrease the likelihood that employers will offer more protection to women workers than that which is absolutely required by law.[D]They increase the tendency of employers to deny health insurance and disability plans to women workers.短文赏析本文讨论了妇女权益保护法案对于妇女的保护作用。
考研英语五级试题及答案
考研英语五级试题及答案一、阅读理解（共20分，每题4分）1. 根据文章内容，作者对现代科技的态度是什么？A. 积极支持B. 持中立态度C. 强烈反对D. 未明确表态答案：A2. 文章中提到的“绿色能源”主要指的是什么？A. 太阳能B. 风能C. 核能D. 地热能答案：A3. 根据文章，以下哪项不是解决环境问题的方法？A. 减少化石燃料的使用B. 增加绿色植被覆盖C. 鼓励使用一次性塑料制品D. 推广可再生能源答案：C4. 文章中提到的“可持续发展”是指什么？A. 经济的快速增长B. 社会公平与环境保护的平衡C. 无限度地开发自然资源D. 短期利益最大化答案：B5. 作者认为教育在环境保护中扮演了怎样的角色？A. 次要角色B. 关键角色C. 没有作用D. 可有可无答案：B二、完形填空（共15分，每题1.5分）[文章略]6. 根据上下文，第6题的答案是：A. howeverB. thereforeC. moreoverD. otherwise答案：A7. 第7题的正确选项是：A. achievedB. receivedC. realizedD. obtained答案：C8. 第8题的填空处应填入：A. challengeB. opportunityC. threatD. advantage答案：B9. 第9题的答案是：A. despiteB. becauseC. sinceD. unless答案：A10. 第10题的正确选项是：A. efficientB. sufficientC. effectiveD. necessary答案：C三、翻译（共15分，每题5分）11. 将下列句子翻译成英文：“随着全球化的不断深入，国际交流变得越来越频繁。
”答案：With the continuous deepening of globalization, international exchanges are becoming more and more frequent.12. 翻译以下句子为中文："The advancement of technology has greatly facilitated our daily lives."答案：技术的进步极大地方便了我们的日常生活。
公共英语五级考试经典阅读材料(6)
A man once had a dream about the Black Forest in Germany. In his ( 1) he was walking in the forest ( 2) two men ran out and tried to throw him ( 3) the ground. He ran off as ( 4) as he could, ( 5) they immediately followed. He reached a place where he.( 6) two roads in front of him, one to the right and the other to the left. Which road should he ( 7)? He heard the two men behind him, ( 8) nearer and at the same time he heard ( 9) voice in his ears. It (10) him to go to the right, and he did so. He ran on and on and soon (11) to a small home, he was (12) there kindly and (13) a room to rest in, and so he was saved (14) the two men. That was the dream.Twenty years later he was (15) in the Black Forest and (16) happened in the dream long before, two men suddenly ran out (17) him. He ran and ran, and came to a place with two roads as in the dream. He (18) the dream and went to the (19). He soon reached a small house. And so he got rid of the two men. His dream of twenty years (20) had saved his life.1.way story (故事，新闻报道) experience dream2.which where when from which3.at over in to4.rapid quick soon fast5.then and but so6.searched watched saw had7.go lead pick take8.becoming running following getting9.a the his their10.persuaded warned stopped told11.entered went found got12.received met accepted settled13.taken given needed made14.with by from behind15.separately really once again16.like what that as17.across at towards for18.realize reminded remembered had19.right left house forest20.after ago later before答案:DCDDC CDDAD DABCB DBCAD。
最新英语等级考试pets5阅读素材练习
最新英语等级考试pets5阅读素材练习说明：阅读下面的短文，从短文后所给各项的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中选出能填入相应空白处的最佳选项。
Americans travel by air in ( 1) the same way as Europeans and ( 2) travel by train. There are, in fact, not many railroad stations ( 3) in the USA, ( 4) the track (足迹，轨道，跟踪) is still being used, since most of America's freight (货运，运输) is still carried ( 5). As for passengers, there is a vast network (网状织物，网状系统) of airlines and airports in easy ( 6) of almost every American town. Airports, now the travel centers of the USA, ( 7) comfortable places ( 8) coffee shops and bars and clean restrooms.Flying in America is ( 9) expensive than in many other countries, (10) the government subsidized (补助) air fares. Yet the different airlines are not state-owned and compete (竞争，竞赛) with one anotherfor passengers.Those who cannot (11) either train or plane take the Grey-hound (猎狗，卑鄙的人，骚扰) bus. (12) transport system (系统，制度) in the world carries so many passengers by night and by day. Drivers are (13) aid and have a wonderful safety record.Europeans tend (14) their cars. But Americans treat their cars (15) as vehicles which are important (16) their lives — to take them to work, to shopping (购物) places, to picnics or to their friends. (17) when they take a vacation they rarely (稀少地，难得地) drive long distances.There is (18) form of travel which is widely used in the USA, —the rented car. Every city and town (19) at least one car rented firm (公司), some of them are nationwide and have branches abroad (20).1.all more as much2.Japaneses the Japanese the Japan Japans3.kept remained left remaining4.for when although because5.by train on train in train with train6.reach grasp (抓紧，领会) master range7.is are have been has been8.beside by with have9.most more less least10.if because of when because11.offer take reach afford12.All None No Every13.more greatly highly wonderfully14.to love to loving to be loving loving15.really only actually usually16.for to with on17.Except Because Besides /18.other another the other some other19.has had have has have had20.other countries either also as well 答案:DBCCA ABCCDDCCAB BABCD补充词汇：ion n.离子Irish adj.爱尔兰的，爱尔兰人的n.爱尔兰人，爱尔兰语iron n. 铁;铁制品;熨斗v. 熨平ironic(al) adj.反语的，冷嘲的，挖苦的;具有讽刺意味的irony adj.反语，反语法，讥讽;嘲弄，意想不到的滑稽事irrational adj.无理性的，失去理性的;荒谬的，毫不合理的irregular adj.不规则的;无规律的irregularity n.不规则;无规律irrelevant adj.不相关的，不切题的;不重要的，无关紧要的，无意义的irresistible adj.不可抗拒的;不能压制的`;禁不住的irrespective adj.不顾的;不考虑的;无关的irrigate vt.灌溉;冲洗irritable adj.易怒的，烦躁的，急躁的;过敏的irritate v.激怒，使急躁;刺激，使难受is v. 动词be第三人称单数现在式Islam n.伊斯兰教信仰，伊斯兰教;伊斯兰教徒;伊斯兰教世界island n. 岛;岛状物isolate v.使隔离，使孤立;分解，离析isolation n.隔离，孤立，隔绝，分离isotope n.[物][化]同位素issue n.出版，发行;(报刊等)期、号;问题，争论点;结果;(水;血等的)流出;子女，后嗣v.发行，发布;发给;流出，放出it pron. 它Italian adj.意大利的;意大利语的;意大利文化的n.意大利人;意大利语italic adj.斜体的n.斜体;斜体字母Italy n.意大利(欧洲南部国家)itch n.痒;热望，渴望vi.发痒;渴望vt.使发痒;使不悦，使烦恼itching adj.发痒的;渴望的item n.项目，条款;(消息、情报等的)一则，一条itinerary n.旅行计划adj.旅行的，旅程的，路线的its pron. 它的itself pron. 它自己ivory n.象牙;象牙色，乳白色;象牙制品，仿象牙制品adj.象牙制成的，似象牙的ivy n.常春藤。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
下半年公共英语五级考试经典阅读资料P r e s i d e n t C l i n t o n’s d e c i s i o n o n A p r.8t o s e n dC h i n e s e P r e m i e r Z h u R o n g j i p a c k i n g w i t h o u t a na g r e e m e n t o n C h i n a’s e n t r y i n t o t h e W o r l d T r a d e O r g a n i z a t i o n s e e m e d t ob e a m a s s i v e m i sc a l c u l a t i o n. T h e P r e s ide n t t o o k a d r u b b i n gf r o m m u c h o f t h e p r e s s, w h i c h h a d b r e a t h l e s s l y r e p o r t e d t h a t a d e a l w a s i n t h e b a g. T h e C a b i n e t a n d W h i t H o u s e s t i l l a p p e a r e d d i v i d e d,a n d b u s i n e s s l e a d e r s w e r e c h a r a c t e r i z e d a s f u r i o u s o v e r t h e l o s t o p p o r t u n i t y. Z h u c h a rg e d th a t C li n t o n l a c k e d“t h e c o u r a g e” t o r e a c h a na c c o r d. A n d w h e n C l i n t o n l a t e r t e l e p h o n e d t h e a n g r y Z h u t o p l e d g e a r e n e w e d e f f o r t a t n e g o t i a t i o n s, t h e g e s t u r e w a s w i d e l y p o r t r a y e d a s a f l i p-f l o p.I n f a c t,C l i n t o n m a d e t h e r i g h t d e c i s i o n i nh o l d i n g o u t f o r a b e t t e r W T O d e a l. A l o t m o r e h o r s e t r a d i n g i s n e e d e d b e f o r e a f i n a l a g r e e m e n t c a n b e r e a c h e d. A n d w i t h o u t t h e A d m i n i s t r a t i o n’s g o a l o f a“b u l l e t-p r o o f a g r e e m e n t” t h a t b u s i n e s sl o b b y i s t s c a n e n t h u s i a s t i c a l l y s e l l t o aR e p u b l i c a n C o n g r e s s, t h e w h o l e p r o c e s s w i l l e n d u p i n p a r t i s a n a c r i m o n y t h a t c o u l d h a r m r e l a t i o n s w i t h C h i n a f o r y e a r s.T H E H A R D P A R T.M a n y b u s i n e s s l o b b y i s t s,w h i l e d i s a p p o i n t e d t h a t t h e d e a l w a s n o t c l o s e d,a g r e e t h a t b e t t e r t e r m s c a n s t i l l b e h a d.A n d T r e a s u r y S e c r e t a r y R o b e r t E.R u b i n,N a t i o n a l E c o n o m i cC o u n c i lD i r e c t o r G e n e B.S p e r l i n g,C o m m e r c eS e c r e t a r y W i l l i a m M.D a l e y,a n d t o p t r a d en e g o t i a t o r C h a r l e n e B a r s h e f s k y a l l a d v i s e d C l i n t o n t h a t w h i l e t h e C h i n e s e h a d m a d e a r e m a r k a b l e n u m b e r o f c o n c e s s i o n s,“w e’r e n o t t h e r e y e t,” a c c o r d i n g t o s e n i o r o f f i c i a l s.N e g o t i a t i n g w i t h Z h u o v e r t h e r e m a i n i n g i s s u e s m a y b e t h e e a s y p a r t. A l t h o u g h C l i n t o n c a n s i g n a l U.S.a p p r o v a l f o r C h i n a’s e n t r y i n t o t h e W T Oh i m s e l f,h e n e e d s C o n g r e s s t o g r a n t B e i j i n gp e r m a n e n t m o s t-f a v o r e d-n a t i o n s t a t u s a s p a r t o f a b r o a d t r a d e a c c o r d. A n d t h e t e m p t a t i o n f o r m e d d l i n g o n C a p i t a l H i l l m a y p r o v e o v e r-w h e l m i n g.Z h u h a db a r e l y l a n d e d b e f o r e S e n a t e M a j o r i t y L e a d e r T r e n t L o t t(R-M i s s)d ec l a r ed h i m se lf s k e p t i c a l t h a tC h i n a d e s e r v e d e n t r y i n t o t h e W T O.A n d S e n a t o r sJ e s s e A. H e l m s (R-N.C.) a n d E m e s t F. H o l l i n g s (D-S.C.)p r o m i s e d t o i n t r o d u c e a b i l l r e q u i r i n gc o n g r e s s i o n a l a p p r o v a l o f a n yde a l.T h e h i d d e n m e s s a g e f r o m t h e s e t h r e et e x t i l e-s t a t e S o u t h e r n e r s: G e t m o r e p r o t e c t i o n f o r t h e U. S. c l o t h i n g i n d u s t r y. H o p i n g t o s m o o t h t h e w a y, t h e A d m i n i s t r a t i o n t r i e d, b u t f a i l e d, t o b u d g e Z h u o n t e x t i l e s. A l s o l e f t i n t h e l u r c h: W a l l S t r e e t, H o l l y w o o d, a n d D e t r o i t. Z h u r e f u s e d t o o p e n u p m u c h o f t h e l u c r a t i v e C h i n e s e s e c u r i t i e s m a r k e t a n di n s i s t e d o n“c u l t u r a l” r e s t r i c t i o n s o n A m e r i c a n m o v i e s a n d m u s i c. H e a l s o b l o c k e d e f f o r t s t o a l l o w U.S.a u t o m a k e r s t o p r o v i d e f l e e t f i n a n c i n g.B I G J O B.A l r e a d y,b u s i n e s s l o b b y i s t s a r eb l a n k e t i n g C a p i t o l H i l l t o p r e s a l e a n y e v e n t u a la g r e e m e n t,b u t w h a t t h e y’v e h e a r d s o f a r i s n’t e nc o u r a g i n g. R e p u b l i c a n s, i n c l ud i n g L o t t, s a y t h a t“t h e t i m e j u s t i s n’t r i g h t” f o r t h e d e a l.T r a n s l a t i o n: W e’r e d e t e r m i n e d t o m a k e i t l o o k a s i f C l i n t o n h a s c a p i t u l a t e d t o t h e C h i n e s e a n d i s i g n o r i n g h u m a n,r e l i g i o u s,a n d l a b o r r i g h t sv i o l a t i o n s;t h e t h e f t o f n u c l e a r-w e a p o n st e c h n o l o g y;a n d t h e s a l e o f m i s s i l e p a r t s t oA m e r i c a’s e n e m i e s.B e i j i n g’s f i e r c e c r i t i c s w i t h i n t h e D e m o c r a t i c P a r t y,s u c h a s S e n a t o r P a u l D.W e l l s t o n e o f M i n n e s o t a a n d H o u s e M i n o r i t y l e a d e r R i c h a r d A.G e p h a r d t o f M i s s o u r i,w o n’t h e l p,e i t h e r.J u s t h o w t o u g h t h e l o b b y i n g j o b o n C a p i t o l H i l l w i l l b e b e c o m e c l e a r o n A p r. 20, w h e n R u b i n l e c t u r e d 19c h i e f e x e c u t i v e s o n t h e n e e d t o d i s c i p l i n e t h e i r R e p u b l i c a n a l l i e s.W i t h b u s i n e s s a n d t h e W h i t eH o u s e s t i l l t r a d i n g c h a r g e s o v e r w h o i s r e s p o n s i b l e f o r t h e d e f e a t o f f a s t-t r a c k t r a d e n e g o t i a t i n gl e g i s l a t i o n i n 1997, w o r k i n g t o g e t h e r w o n’t b e e a s y.A n d R e p u b l i c a n s-w i t h a w i n k-s a y t h a t t h e y’l le v e n t u a l l y e m b r a c e C h i n a’s e n t r y i n t o t h e W T O a sa f a v o r t o C o r p o r a t e A m e r i c a.T h o u g h n o t l o n gb e f o r e t h e y t o r t u r e C l i n t o n.B u t Z h u i s o u t o n a l i m b,a n d i f C o n g r e s s o v e r d o e s t h ec r i t i c i s m,h e m a y b e f o r c ed b y d o me s t i c c r i t i c s t o r e n e g e.B u s i n e s s m u s t m a k e t h i s m u c h d e a r t o b o t h i t s G O P a l l i e s a n d t h e W h i t H o u s e:T h i s h i s t o r i c d e a l i s t o o i m p o r t a n t t o r i s k l o s i n g t o a n y m o r e p a r t i s a n s q u a b b l i n g.T h e s t r i v i n g o f c o u n t r i e s i n C e n t r a l E u r o p e t o e n t e r t h e E u r o p e a n U n i o n m a y o f f e r a n u n p r e c e d e n t e d c h a n c e t o t h e c o n t i n e n t’s G y p s i e s(o r R o m a n)t o b e r e c o g n i z e d a s a n a t i o n,a l b e i t o n e w i t h o u t a d e f i n e d t e r r i t o r y. A n d i f t h e y w e r e t o a c h i e v e t h a t t h e y m i g h t e v e n s e e k s o m e k i n d o f f o r m a l p l a c e-a t l e a s t a t o t a l p o p u l a t i o n o u t n u m b e r s t h a t o f m a n y o f t h e U n i o n’s p r e s e n t a n d f u t u r e c o u n t r i e s. S o m e e x p e r t s p u t t h e f i g u r e a t 4m-p l u s; s o m e p r o p o n e n t s o f G y p s y r i g h t s g o a s h i g h a s15m.U n l i k e J e w s, G y p s i e s h a v e h a d n o k n o w n a n c e s t r a l l a n d t o h a r k b a c k t o.T h o u g h t h e i r l a n g u a g e i sr e l a t e d t o H i n d i,t h e i r t e r r i t o r i a l o r i g i n s a r e m i s t y.R o m a n i a n p e a s a n t s h e l d t h e m t o b e b o r n o n t h e m o o n.O t h e r E u r o p e a n s(w r o n g l y)t h o u g h t t h e m m i g r a n t E g y p t i a n s,h e n c e t h e d e r i v a t i v e G y p s y.M o s t p r o b a b l y t h e y w e r e i t i n e r a n t m e t a l w o r k e r s a n d e n t e r t a i n e r s w h o d r i f t e d w e s t f r o m I n d i a i n t h e 7t h c e n t u r y.H o w e v e r,s i n c e c o m m u n i s m i n C e n t r a l E u r o p ec o l l a p s ed a de c a d e a g o,t h e n o t i o n of R o m a n e s t a n a s a l a n d l e s s n a t i o n f o u n d e d o n G y p s y c u l t u r e h a sg a i n e d g r o u n d.Th e I n t e r n a ti o n a l R o m a n y U n i o n,w h i c h s a y s i t s t a n d s f o r 10m G y p s i e s i n m o r e t h a n 30c o u n t r i e s,i s f o s t e r i n g t h e i d e a o f“s e l f-r a l l y i n g”.I t i s t r y i n g t o p r o m o t e as t a n d a r d a n d w r i t t e n f o r m o f t h e l a n g u a g e; i t w a v e s a G y p s y f l a g (g r e e n w i t h a w h e e l) w h e n i t l o b b i e s i n s u c h p l a c e s a s t h e U n i t e d B a t i o n s; a n d i n J u l y i t h e l d a c o n g r e s s i n P r a g u e,T h e C z e c h c a p i t a l. W h e r e P r e s i d e n t V a c l a v H a v e l s a i d t h a t G y p s i e s i n h i s o w n c o u n t r y a n d e l s e w h e r e s h o u l d h a v e a b e t t e rd e a l.A t t h e c o n g r e s s a S l o v a k-b o r n l a w y e r, E m i l S c u k a, w a s e l e c t e d p r e s i d e n t o f t h e I n t e r n a t i o n a l T o m a n y U n i o n.L a t e r t h i s m o n t h a g r o u p o f e l e c t e d G y p s y p o l i t i c i a n s,i n c l u d i n g m e m b e r s o f p a r l i a m e n t,m a y o r s a n d l o c a l c o u n c i l o r s f r o m a l l o v e r E u r o p e (O S C E), t o d i s c u s s h o w t o p e r s u a d e m o r e G y p s i e s t o g e t i n v o l v e d i n p o l i t i c s.T h e I n t e r n a t i o n a l R o m a n y U n i o n i s p r o b a b l y t h e m o s t r e p r e s e n t a t i v e o f t h e o u t f i t s t h a t s p e a k f o r G y p s i e s,b u t t h a t i s n o t s a y i n g a l o t.O f t h es e v e r a l h u n d r e d d e l e g a t e s w h o g a t h e r e d a t i t sc o n g r e s s, f e w w e r ede m o c r a t i c a l l y e l e c t e d; o d d l y, n o n e c a m ef r o m H u ng a r y, wh o s e G y p si e s a r e p e r h a p s t h e w o r l d’s b e s t o r g a n i z e d,w i t h s o m e450G y p s y b o d i e s a d v i s i n g l o c a l c o u n c i l s t h e r e. T h e u n i o n d i d, h o w e v e r,a n n o u n c e i t s a m b i t i o n t o s e t u p ap a r l i a m e n t,b u t h o w i t w o u l d a c t u a l l y b e e l e c t e d w a s l e f t u n d e c i d e d.S o f a r,t h e E u r o p e a n C o m m i s s i o n i s w a r y o fe n c o u r a g i n g G y p s i e s t o p r e s e n t t h e m s e l v e s a s an a t i o n.T h e m i g h t,i t i s f e a r e d,o p e n a P a n d o r a’s b o x a l r e a d y c o n t a i n i n g B a s q u e s,C o r s i c a n s a n d o t h e r a w k w a r d p e o p l e s.B e s i d e s,a c k n o w l e d g i n gG y p s i e s a s a n a t i o n m i g h t b a c k f i r e,j u s t w h e ns e v e r a l c o u n t r i e s, p a r t i c u l a r l y H u n g a r y, S l o v a k i aa n d t h e C z e c h R e p ub l i c, a r e b e g i n n i n g t o t r e a t t h e mb e t t e r, i n o r d e r t o q u a l i f y f o r E U m e m b e r s h i p.“T h e E U’s w h o l e p r e m i s e i s t o o v e rc o m ed i f fe r e n c e s, n o t t o h i g h l i g h t t h e m,” s a y s a n e r v o u s E u r o c r a t.B u t t h e i d e a t h a t t h e G y p s i e s s h o u l d w i n s o m e k i n d o f s p e c i a l r e c o g n i t i o n a s E u r o p e’s l a r g e s t c o n t i n e n t w i d e m i n o r i t y,a n d o n e w i t h a t e r r i b l e h i s t o r y o f p e r s e c u t i o n,i s c a t c h i n g o n .G y p s i e s h a v e s u f f e r e d m a n y p o g r o m s o v e r t h e c e n t u r i e s. I n R o m a n i a,t h e c o u n t r y t h a t s t i l l h a s t h e l a r g e s t n u m b e r o f t h e m (m o r e t h a n 1m), i n t h e 19t h c e n t u r y t h e y w e r e a c t u a l l y e n s l a v e d. H i t l e r t r i e d t o w i p e t h e m o u t,a l o n g w i t h t h e J e w s.“G y p s i e s d e s e r v e s o m e s p a c e w i t h i n E u r o p e a ns t r u c t u r e s,” s a y s J a n M a r i n u s W i e r s m a, a D u t c h m a n i n t h e E u r o p e a n P a r l i a m e n t w h o s u g g e s t s t h a t o n e o f t h e c u r r e n t c o m m i s s i o n e r s s h o u l d b e r e s p o n s i b l e f o r G y p s y a f f a i r s. S o m e p r o m i n e n t G y p s i e s s a y t h e y s h o u l d b e m o r e d i r e c t l y r e p r e s e n t e d, p e r h a p s w i t h a q u o t a i n t h e E u r o p e a n P a r l i a m e n t.T h a t,t h e ya r g u e,m i g h t g i v e t h e m ab o o s t.T h e r e a r e m o v e s a f o o t t o h e l p t h e m t o g e t m o n e y f o r,a m o n g o t h e r t h i n g s,a G y p s y u n i v e r s i t y.O n e b i g s n a g i s t h a t E u r o p e’s G y p s i e s a r e,i n f a c t, e x t r e m e l y h e t e r o g e n e o u s. T h e y b e l o n g t o m a n y d i f f e r e n t,a n d o f t e n a n t a g o n i s t i c,c l a n s a n dt r i b e s, w i t h n o c o m m o n l a n g u a g e o r r e l i g i o n, T h e i r s e l f-p r o c l a i m e d l e a d e r s h a v e o f t e n p r o v e dq u a r r e l s o m e a n d c o r r u p t.S t i l l,s a y s,D i m i t r i n a P e t r o v a,h e a d o f t h e E u r o p e a n R o m a R i g h t s C e n t e r i n B u d a p e s t,G y p s i e s’ s h a r e d e x p e r i e n c e o fs u f f e r i n g e n t i t l e s t h e m t o t a l k o f o n e n a t i o n;t h e i r p o t e n t i a l u n i t y, s h e s a y s, s t e m s f r o m“b e i n g r e g a r d e d a s s u b-h u m a n b y m o s t m a j o r i t i e s i nE u r o p e.”A n d t h e y h a v e b e g u n t o b e a b i t m o r e p r a g m a t i c.I n S l o v a k i a a n d B u l g a r i a,f o r i n s t a n c e,G y p s yp o l i t i c a l p a r t i e s a r e t r y i n g t o f o r m e l e c t o r a lb l oc k s t h a t c o u ld w i n se a t s i n p a r l i a m e n t.I nM a c e d o n i a, a G y p s y p a r t y a l r e a d y h a s s o m e-a n d e v e n r u n s a m u n i c i p a l i t y.N i c h o l a s G h e o r g e,a n e x p e r t o n G y p s y a f f a i r s a t t h e O S C E, r e c k o n s t h a t, s p r e a d o v e r C e n t r a l E u r o p e, t h e r e a r e n o w a b o u t 20 G y p s y M P S a n d m a y o r s,400-o d d l o c a l c o u n c i l o r s,a n d a g r o w i n g n u m b e r o f b u s i n e s s m e n a n d i n t e l l e c t u a l s. T h a t i s f a r f r o m s a y i n g t h a t t h e y h a v e t h e p e o p l e o r t h e c a s h t o f o r g e a n a t i o n. B u t, w i t h t h e G y p s y q u e s t i o n o n t h e E U’s a g e n d a i n C e n t r a l E u r o p e, t h e y a r e m a k i n g g r o u n d.W h y t h e i n d u c t i v e a n d m a t h e m a t i c a l s c i e n c e s, a f t e r t h e i r f i r s t r a p i d d e v e l o p m e n t a t t h ec u l m i n a t i o n o f G r e e k c i v i l i z a t i o n,ad v a n ce d s os l o w l y f o r t w o t h o u s a n d y e a r s-a n d w h y i n t h ef o l l o w i ng t w oh u n d r e d y e a r s a k n o w l e d g e o f n a t u r a la n d m a t h e m a t i c a l s c i e n c e h a s a c c u m u l a t e d, w h i c h s o v a s t l y e x c e e d s a l l t h a t w a s p r e v i o u s l y k n o w n t h a t t h e s e s c i e n c e s m a yb e j u s t l y r e g a r d e d a s t h ep r o d u c t s o f o u r o w n t i m e s-a r e q u e s t i o n s w h i c h h a v e i n t e r e s t e d t h e m o d e r n p h i l o s o p h e r n o t l e s s t h a n t h e o b j e c t s w i t h w h i c h t h e s e s c i e n c e s a r e m o r ei m m e d i a t e l y c o n v e r s a n t.W a s i t t h e e m p l o y m e n t o f a n e w m e t h o d o f r e s e a r c h,o r i n t h e e x e r c i s e o f g r e a t e r v i r t u e i n t h e u s e o f t h e o l d m e t h o d s, t h a t t h i s s i n g u l a r m o d e r n p h e n o m e n o n h a d i t s o r i g i n? W a s t h e l o n g p e r i o d o n e o f a r r e s t e d d e v e l o p m e n t,a n d i s t h e m o d e r n e r a o n e o f n o r m a l g r o w t h? O r s h o u l d w e a s c r i b e t h e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s o f b o t h p e r i o d s t o s o-c a l l e d h i s t o r i c a l a c c i d e n t s-t o t h e i n f l u e n c e o f c o n j u n c t i o n s i n c i r c u m s t a n c e s o f w h i c h n oe x p l a n a t i o n i s p o s s i b l e,s a v e i n t h e o m n i p o t e n c e a n d w i s d o m of ag u i d i n g P r o v i d e n c e?T h e e x p l a n a t i o n w h i c h h a s b e c o m e c o m m o n p l a c e, t h a t t h e a n c i e n t s e m p l o y e d d e d u c t i o n c h i e f l y i n t h e i r s c i e n t i f i c i n q u i r i e s,w h i l e t h e m o d e r n se m p l o y i n d u c t i o n,p r o v e s t o b e t o o n a r r o w,a n df a i l s u p o n c l o s e e x a m i n a t i o n t o p o i n t w i t hs u f f i c i e n t d i s t i n c t n e s s t h e c o n t r a s t t h a t i se v i d e n t b e t w e e n a n c i e n t a n d m o d e r n s c i e n t if i cd o c t r i ne s a n d i n q u i r i e s.F o r a l l k n o w l e d g e i sf o u n d e d o n o b s e r v a t i o n, a n d p r o c e e d s f r o m t h i s b y a n a l y s i s, b y s y n t h e s i s a n d a n a l y s i s, b y i n d u c t i o na n d d e d u c t i o n, a n d i f p o s s ib l e b y v e r i f ic a t i o n, o rb y n e w a p p e a l s t o o b s e r v a t i o n u n d e r t h e g u i d a nc e o fde d u c t i o n-b y s t e p s w h i c h a r e i n d e e d c o r r e l a t i v e p a r t s of o n e m e t h o d;a n d t h e a n c i e n t s c i e n c e sa f f o r d e x a m p l e s o f e v e r y o n e o f t h e s e m e t h o d s, o r p a r t s o f o n e m e t h o d,w h i c h h a v eb e e n g e n e r a l i z e d f r o m t h e e x a m p l e s o f sc i e n c e.A f a i l u r e t o e m p l o y o r t o e m p l o y a d e q u a t e l y a n y o n e o f t h e s e p a r t i a l m e t h o d s,a n i m p e r f e c t i o n i n t h e a r t s a n d r e s o u r c e s o f o b s e r v a t i o n a n de x p e r i m e n t,c a r e l e s s n e s s i n o b s e r v a t i o n,n e g l e c t of r e l e v a n t f a c t s,b y a p p e a l t o e x p e r i m e n t a n do b s e r v a t i o n-t h e s e a r e t h e f a u l t s w h i c h c a u s e a l lf a i l u r e s t o a s c e r t a i n t r u t h,w h e t h e r a m o ng th ea n c i e n t s o r t h e m o d e r n s;b u t t h i s s t a t e m e n t d o e s n o t e x p l a i n w h y t h e m o d e r n i s p o s s e s s e d o f a g r e a t e r v i r t u e,a n d b y w h a t m e a n s h e a t t a i n e d h i ss u p e r i o r i t y. M u c h l e s s d o e s i t e x p l a i n t h e s u d d e n g r o w t h o f s c i e n c e i n r e c e n t t i m e s.T h e a t t e m p t t o d i s c o v e r t h e e x p l a n a t i o n o f t h i s p h e n o m e n o n i n t h e a n t i t h e s i s o f“f a c t s” a n d“t h e o r i e s” o r“f a c t s” a n d“i d e a s”-i n t h e n e g l e c t a m o n g t h e a n c i e n t s o f t h e f o r m e r,a n d t h e i r t o o e x c l u s i v e a t t e n t i o n t o t h e l a t t e r-p r o v e s a l s o t o b e t o o n a r r o w,a s w e l l a s o p e n t o t h e c h a r g e o f v a g u e n e s s. F o r i n t h e f i r s t p l a c e, t h e a n t i t h e s i s i s n o t c o m p l e t e.F a c t s a n d t h e o r i e s a r e n o tc o o rd i n a te s p e c i e s. T h e o r i e s, if t r u e, a r e f a c t s-a p a r t i c u l a r c l a s s o f f a c t s i n d e e d,g e n e r a l l yc o m p l e x,a nd i f a l o g i c a l c o n ne c t i o n s u b s i s t sb e t w e e n t h e i rc o n s t i t u e n t s, h a v e a l l t h e p o s i t i v e a t t r i b u t e s o f t h e o r i e s.N e v e r t h e l e s s,t h i s d i s t i n c t i o n,h o w e v e ri n a d e q u a t e i t m a y b e t o e x p l a i n t h e s o u r c e o f t r u e m e t h o d i n s c i e n c e,i s w e l l f o u n d e d,a n d c o n n o t e s a n i m p o r t a n t c h a r a c t e r i n t r u e m e t h o d.A f a c t i s a p r o p o s i t i o n o f s i m p l e. A t h e o r y, o n t h e o t h e r h a n d, i f t r u e h a s a l l t h e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s o f a f a c t,e x c e p t t h a t i t s v e r if i c a t i o n i s p o s s i b l e o n l y b y i n d i r e c t, r e m o t e, a n d d i f f i c u l t m e a n s. T o c o n v e r t t h e o r i e s i n t o f a c t s i s t o a d d s i m p l e v e r i f i c a t i o n, a n d t h e t h e o r y t h u s a c q u i r e s t h e f u l lc h a r a c t e r i s t i c s o f a f a c t.O n t h e 36t h d a y a f t e r t h e y h a d v o t e d, A m e r i c a n s f i n a l l y l e a r n e d W e d n e s d a y w h o w o u l d b e t h e i r n e x t p r e s i d e n t:G o v e r n o r G e o r g e W.B u s h o f T e x a s.V i c e P r e s i d e n t A l G o r e,h i s l a s t r e a l i s t i ca v e n u e f o r l e g a l c h a l l e n g e c l o s e db y a U. S. S u p r e m e C o u r t d ec i s i o n l a t e T u e sd a y,p l a n ne d t o e n d t h ec o n t e s t f o r m a l l y i n a t e l e v i s ede v e n i n g s p e e c h of p e r h a p s10m i n u t e s,a d v i s e r s s a i d.T h e y s a i d t h a t S e n a t o r J o s e p h L i e b e r m a n,h i sv i c e p r e s i d e n t i a l r u n n i n g m a t e,w o u l d f i r s t m a k eb r i e fc o m m e n t s.T h e m e n w o u ld s pe a kf r o m ac e r e m o n i a l c h a m b e r o f t h e O ld E xe c u t i v e of f i c eB u i l d i n g,t o t h e w e s t o f t h e W h i t e H o u s e.T h e d o z e n s o f p o l i t i c a l w o r k e r s a n d l a w y e r s w h o h a d h e l p e d l e a d M r. G o r e’s u n p r e c e d e n t e d f i g h t t o c l a w a c o m e-f r o m-b e h i n d e l e c t o r a l v i c t o r y i n t h e p i v o t a l s t a t e o f F l o r i d a w e r e t h a n k e d W e d n e s d a y a n d a s k e d t o s t a n d d o w n.“T h e v i c e p r e s i d e n t h a s d i r e c t e d t h e r e c o u n t c o m m i t t e e t o s u s p e n d a c t i v i t i e s,” W i l l i a m D a l e y, t h e G o r e c a m p a i g n c h a i r m a n,s a i d i n a w r i t t e ns t a t e m e n t.M r. G o r e a u t h o r i z e d t h a t s t a t e m e n t a f t e r m e e t i n g w i t h h i s w i f e,T i p p e r,a n d w i t h t o p a d v i s e r si n c l u d i n g M r.D a l e y.H e w a s e x p e c t e d t o t e l e p h o n e M r. B u s h d u r i n g t h e d a y. T h e B u s h c a m p a i g n k e p t a l o w p r o f i l e a n d m o v e d g i n g e r l y,a s i f t o l e a v e s p a c e f o r M r.G o r e t oc o n t e m p l a t e h i s n e x t s t e p s.Y e t,a t t h e e n d o f a t r y i n g a n d t u m u l t u o u sp r o c e s s t h a t h a d f o c u s e d w o r l d a t t e n t i o n o ns l e e p l e s s v o t e c o u n t e r s a c r o s s F l o r i d a,a n d o nc o u r t r o o m s f o r m M i a m i t o T a l l a h a s s e e t o A t l a n t a t o W a s h i n g t o n t h e T e x a s g o v e r n o r w a s s e t t o b e c o m e t h e 43d U.S.p re s i d e n t.T h e n e w s o f M r. G o r e’s p l a n s f o l l o w e d t h e l o n g e s t a n d m o s t r a n c o r o u s d i s p u t e o v e r a U.S.p r e s i d e n t i a l e l e c t i o n i n m o r e t h a n a c e n t u r y, o n e c e r t a i n t o l e a v e s c a r s i n a b a d l y d i v i d e d c o u n t r y.I t w a s a b i t t e r e n d i n g f o r M r.G o r e,w h o h a d o u t p o l l e d M r. B u s h n a t i o n w i d e b y s o m e 300000 v o t e s, b u t, w i t h o u t F l o r i d a, f e l l s h o r t i n t h e E l e c t o r a l C o l l e g e b y 271v o t e s t o 267-t h e n a r r o w e s t E l e c t o r a l C o l l e g e v i c t o r y s i n c e t h e t u r b u l e n t e l e c t i o n o f 1876.M r. G o r e w a s s a i d t o b e d i s t r e s s e d b y w h a t h e a n d m a n y D e m o c r a t i c a c t i v i s t s f e l t w a s a p a r t i s a nd e c i s i o n f r o m t h e n a t i o n’s h i g h e s t c o u r t.T h e 5-t o -4 d e c i s i o n o f t h e S u p r e m e C o u r t h e l d, i n e s s e n c e,t h a t w h i l e a v o t e r e c o u n t i n F l o r i d ac o u ld be c o n d u c t e d i n l e g a l a n d c o n s t i t u t i o n a lf a s h i o n, a s M r. G o r e h a d s o ugh t, t hi s c o u l d n o t b e d o n e b y t h e D e c. 12 d e a d l i n e f o r s t a t e s t o s e l e c t t h e i r p r e s i d e n t i a l e l e c t o r s.J a m e s B a k e r3r d,t h e f o r m e r s e c r e t a r y o f s t a t e w h o r e p r e s e n t e d M r.B u s h i n t h e F l o r i d a d i s p u t e, i s s u e d a s h o r t s t a t e m e n t a f t e r t h e U. S. h i g h c o u r t r u l i n g, s a y i n g t h a t t h e g o v e r n o r w a s“v e r y p l e a s e d a n d g r a t i f i e d.”M r. B u s h w a s p l a n n i n g a n a t i o n w i d e s p e e c h a i m e d a t t r y i n g t o b e g i n t o h e a l t h e c o u n t r y’s d e e p, a c h i n g a n d v a r i e d d i v i s i o n s. H e t h e n w a s e x p e c t e d t o m e e t w i t h c o n g r e s s i o n a l l e a d e r s,i n c l u d i n gD e m o c r a t s. D i c k C h e n e y, M r. B u s h’s r u i n g m a t e, w a s m e e t i n g w i t h c o n g r e s s m e n W e d n e s d a y i n W a s h i n g t o n. W h e n M r.B u s h,w h o i s54,i s s w o r n i n t o o f f i c e o n J a n.20,h e w i l l b e o n l y t h e s e c o n d s o n o f ap r e s i d e n t t o f o l l o w h i s f a t h e r t o t h e W h i t e H o u s e, a f t e r J o h n A d a m s a n d J o h n Q u i n c y A d a m s i n t h e e a r l y 19t h c e n t u r y.M r.G o r e,i n h i s s p e e c h,w a s e x p e c t e d t o t h a n k h i s s u p p o r t e r s, d e f e n d h i s h i v e-w e e k b a t t l e a s a n e f f o r t t o e n s u r e,a s a m a t t e r o f p r i n c i p l e,t h a t e v e r y v o t e b e c o u n t e d, a n d c a l l f o r t h e n a t i o n t o j o i n b e h i n d t h e n e w p r e s i d e n t. H e w a s d e s c r i b e d b y a n a i d e a s“r e s o l v e d a n d r e s i g n e d.”W h i l e s o m e c o n s t i t u t i o n a l e x p e r t s h a d s a i d t h e y b e l i e v e d s t a t e s c o u l d p r e s e n t e l e c t o r s a s l a t e a s D e c.18,t h e U.S.h i g h c o u r t m a d e c l e a r t h a t i t s a w n o s u c h l e e w a y.T h e U.S.h i g h c o u r t s e n t b a c k“f o r r e v i s i o n”t o t h e F l o r i d a c o u r t i t s o r d e r a l l o w i n g r e c o u n t s b u t m a d e c l e a r t h a t f o r a l l p r a c t i c a l p u r p o s e s t h e e l e c t i o n w a s o v e r.I n i t s u n s i g n e d m a i n o p i n i o n, t h e c o u r t d e c l a r e d,“T h e r e c o u n t p r o c e s s,i n i t s f e a t u r e s h e r ed e s c r i b e d,i s i n c o n s i s t e n t w i t h t h e m i n i m u mp r o c e d u r e s n e c e s s a r y t o p r o t e c t t h e f u n d a m e n t a lr i g h t o f e a c h v o t e r.”T h e m o s t o b v i o u s p u r p o s e o f a d v e r t i s i n g i s t oi n f o r m t h e c o n s u m e r o f a v a i l a b l e p r o d u c t s o rs e r v i c e s.T h e s e c o n d(31)___i s t o s e l l t h ep r o d u c t.T h e s e c o n d p u r p o s e m i g h t b e m o r e i m p o r t a n t t o t h e m a n u f a c t u r e r s t h a n t h e(32)___.T h em a n u f a c t u r e r s g o b e y o n d o n l y t e l l i n g c o n s u m e r sa b o u t t h e i r p r o d u c t s.T h e y a l s o t r y t o p e r s u a d ec u s t o m e r s t o b u y t h e(33) ___b y c r e a t i n g ade s i r e(34) ___i t.B e c a u s e of a d v e r t i s e m e n t，c o n s u m e r s t h i n kt h a t t h e y w a n t s o m e t h i n g t h a t t h e y d o n o tn e e d.A f t e r b u y i n g s o m e t h i n9，t h e p u r c h a s e r c a n n o t a l w a y s e x p l a i n w h y i t w a s(35)___.E v e n(36)___—t h e p u r c h a s e r p r o b a b l y d o e s n o t k n o w w h y h e o r s h e b o u g h t s o m e t h i n g，t h em a n u f a c t u r e r s(37)___.M a n u f a c t u r e r s h a v ea n a l y z e d t h eb u s i n e s s o f(38)___a n d b u y i n9.T h e yk n o w a l l t h e d i f f e r e n t m o t i v e s t h a t i n f l u e n c e ac o n s u m e r’s p u r c h a s e--s o m e r a t i o n a l a n d(39)___e m o t i o n a l.F u r t h e r m o r e，t h e y t a k e a d v a n t a g e o f t h i s(40)___.W h y(41)___s o m a n y p r o d u c t s d i s p l a y e d a t t h e。