中考阅读还原题精讲专练

阅读还原题导向性突破训练

近年中考英语越来越强调考查学生的综合语言技能，在题型上进行创新。桂林市中考英语的C篇阅读还原题就是一例。许多考生由于缺少针对性训练，或训练目标不明确，找不到解题的突破方向，一看到这类题就头疼。于是，阅读还原题成了出题者眼中的“拉分题”。其实，只要了解题材和文章结构，弄清此类题的出题方向和解题技巧，“拉分题”也会成为“送分题”。

阅读还原题的选材广泛，包括文化、生活、叙事、人物等题材。阅读还原的篇目一般为250词以内，通常从原文中挖出五个句子，要求还原到文中适当的地方。着重考查分析理解和布局某篇的能力。要求读懂全文、理清思路、把握脉络，对号入座，使文章自然流畅。

一、训练目标一：捕捉大意，梳理思路，判断挖空的是什么句？主题句？过渡句？还是结论句？

例一：2011年福州市中考题改编，思考那空是主题句，哪空是过渡句，哪空是结论句？

The word "cartoon" came from Italian. It first referred to the picture before an actual（真实的）drawing on the wall. 66 Since the 1840s, it has also come to mean any drawing that is humorous, satirical（讽刺的）or showing an opinion. It usually appears in a newspaper or magazine, with or without a short text.

67 People of all ages, especially young children enjoy all kinds of cartoons in newspapers and magazines, on television and at the movies. Cartoons not only show their life, but help form it. 68 They have supplied ideas to plays, movies, television series and so on. Names or words from cartoon series have also come into modern languages.

Many cartoonists（漫画家）draw with special pens. 69 Surely, computers are especially effective for the making of animated cartoons. 70 .

A.They have set the style for clothing, food, manner and many other things.

B.In the mid-19th century, it came into English.

C.This helps us to enjoy more lively cartoons.

D.Some use the computer.

E.Today cartoons are a part of the daily lives of most people.

提示：

1.主题句往往在段落的开头，如果挖空会造成对段意的理解困难。因此必须对下文细节进行概括，提炼出恰当的主题句。有时还可以通过承上启下的关键词进行主题句的选择。72题位于段落开头，应该是填入主题句，从下文People of all ages...enjoy all kinds of cartoons.... Cartoons not only show their life, but help form it.我们至少可以概括出主题句应该与people和life相关，概括能力强的学生可以概括出主题句的大意：卡通对人们生活很重要，因此选E答案。而且E答案的Today一词，与上文的It first referred to the picture...Since the 1840s, it has also come to mean any drawing...在时间上相呼应，有承上启下的作用。

2. 阅读还原题考得最多的是过渡句。过渡句多数出现在段落中间，它也许与前句有逻辑关系，也许与后句有逻辑关系，也许与前后句都有关系。我们可以根据本段大意，观察思

路的发展，分析句子的关系，抓住关键词做出正确选择。第一段，根据The word "cartoon" came from Italian. It first referred to...Since the 1840s, it has also come to mean，可以得知大意：讲述cartoon一词的来源及发展，时间是文章推进的线索，因此可以把71题的目标投到B答案In the mid-19th century, it came into English，再抓住名词English 与前文Italian的呼应作出确定；第二段的大意是讲述cartoon对人们生活的重要性，73题前句讲了Cartoons not only show their life, but help form it.后句讲They have supplied ideas to plays, movies, television series and so https://www.360docs.net/doc/0f19228800.html,s or words from cartoon series have also come into modern languages.看得出，后句是具体说明卡通是怎样展示和构成生活的，前后句是总分关系，所以73题也应该是举例说明卡通影响生活的途径，A答案符合。而且A答案中的They与后句中的They吻合，都指卡通，所在句子都说明卡通影响人们生活的途径，完全符合文意，所以确定A为正确答案；第三段大意是讲漫画家创作的途径，74题前边的句子讲了漫画家用笔来画，后边的句子提到电脑使卡通制作尤为高效，所以74题应为D：Some use the computer. 此处的关键词是computer。

3. 结论句通常在段末，有可能是本段得出的结论或判断，与前边的句子有因果或递进关系。最后一段的大意是讲漫画家创作的途径，75题前句Surely, computers are especially effective for the making of animated cartoons.说明电脑使卡通制作尤为高效，据此可推断出C答案：这有助于使我们欣赏到更多生动的卡通。

阅读还原题的解题导向，就是要从文、句、词这三个层面，对原文和选项进行分析判断和选择。图示如下：

思考：拿近两年的中考题和2012年模拟考题再进行仔细分析，看一看，哪些是主题句？哪些是过渡句？哪些是结论句？如何归纳大意？如何理清思路？如何分析句子关系？如何寻找关键词？

二、训练目标二：观察、分析上下句逻辑关系，根据前后关键词，做出正确选择。

例二：2010年陕西省

In cities in the USA, there are clocks in most stores, factories, and other buildings. Radio announcers （广播员）give the correct time during the day. 66 . They want to do certain things at certain times. They don’t want to be late.

But time is not so important to people everywhere. 67 Y ou will find that people living there do not like to rush. If you have an appointment（约会）with some friends, they will probably be late, 68 Even the radio programs may not begin on time. 69

In South America, many people think of a clock as a machine. 70 . They don’t want a clock or any machine to affect（影响）their lives so much.

A．Suppose you visit a country in South America.

B．They say if people do everything on time, they are letting clocks control（控制）their lives.

C．People there think that it is important to know the time.

D．The radio announcers don’t think it is important to announce the exact tim e.

E．They don’t want to arrive on time.

提示：本题多是过渡句，要重点分析句子意思和关系，正确把握关键词。

1.跳读各段，可得大意：第一段讲守时，二、三段讲不守时。只有C答案符合第一段

的大意，故66题只能选C答案。很多考生不考虑段意，直接根据66题前句中的Radio announcers而选含有该词的D答案，这种脱离段意去单纯考虑关键词的做法很容易使人掉入陷阱。

2.67题的前句讲“时间并非对每个地方的人都那么重要”，后句则说“你将发现住在那儿的人们不喜欢赶时间”，前后对比，中间必然要有一具体地名出现，否则后边的people living there就无法理解。而出现地名的只有A答案，将A答案代入67题进行通读，发现文意通畅，合乎逻辑。

3.68、69、70题意思相近，都是说不守时的情况，在理清文意的情况下，主要靠关键词来区分：be late - arrive; the radio programme - the radio announcers; their lives - their lives 。故68选E看，69选D，70选B。

4. 本题解题碰到困难时，将答案按照文意进行归类，同类的意思较为接近，则着重依循句意寻找关键词。将答案归类和寻找关键词是本题的解题关键。

例三：

Sarah：Don’t care too much about what they have said，Tony．66

Stephen：Thanks for helping me, Amy, 67 I'm so proud of having a friend like you．

Mr Lee：Teachers should tell the kids not only what to do，but also how to do that．68 Alan：Don’t be upset，Jeff．69 The great success is just in front of you．SaIly：I don’t want to hear the tour guide introduce the paintings in the gallery．70 Don’t you think so ?

A．A friend in need is a friend indeed．

B．If winter comes，can spring be far behind ?

C．Follow your own course（路径），and let people talk．

D．Give a man a fish and he will eat for a day．Teach a man to fish and he wilI eat for the rest of his life．

E．Good painting is like good cooking；it can he tasted，but not explained．

提示：本题考查对俚语的理解，重点要理清说话语境，判断俚语语义和说话语境是否吻合。

总之，无论什么题材，对于阅读还原题来说，解题的前期工作有三：①了解中心大意；

②明确各段段意，理清文章结构；③梳理答案，按意义进行归类，将其大概归到与其有相同含义的段落。当要具体确定某空的句子时，可参考使用以下技巧：①注意关键词，根据关键词明确正在谈论的是什么？②注意前后句子的意义关系，是递进还是转折？是举例还是归纳？③注意人称，是HE、IT 还是SHE、THEY? ④先易后难，通读核对。

三、练习训练

练习一：

The world is an interesting place. Different people like different things. Some people like loud music. Other people don’t. 66 .

Many people like sports, but they do not all like the same sports. In some countries, cricket(板球运动)is a very popular sport, In others it is not popular at all. No one plays it or watches it on TV. However, most people like soccer. The World Cup is very popular 67 .

Different people like different foods. Some people do not like meat 68 .Some people do

not like potatoes or bread. They prefer rice.

69 Most people have their favorite colors .Some people like bright colors. Others prefer pale colors.

Many people like traveling. Different people like different places. Some people like to go to the country. They like the fresh air. Some people like to go to the cities. Because they like shopping. 70 .

What do you like? Have you got an idea?

根据短文内容，从下面方框选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

A.They like soft music.

B.Not everyone likes the same color.

https://www.360docs.net/doc/0f19228800.html,lions of people watch the games on TV.

D.They eat fruit and vegetables most of the time.

E.Some other people enjoy beautiful places like the mountains or beaches.

练习二：

If you are in the United States, the law says you can’t have a full-time job until you are 16 years old. 66 , and during summer you can work 40 hours each week. Does all that mean that if you are younger that 14, you can’t earn your own money? Of course not! 67 V alerie, 11, told us that she made money by cleaning up other people’s yards. Lena, 13, makes money by knitting dogs sweaters and selling them to her neighbors, and Reisa said she had started taking art classes and showing her work to people. 68 . Jasmine, 13, writes articles for different magazines!

69 . By working to earn your own money, you are learning the skills you will need to succeed in life. These skills can include things like getting along with others, using technology and using your time. 70 ; however, when you make your own money, you don’t have to depend on someone else. The five dollars that you earn will probably make you feel a lot better in your hand than the twenty dollars you ask for.

A. At 14 or 15, you can work part–time after school or on weekends

B. People have asked her to draw pictures for them and they pay her for them

C. Some people think that asking for money is a lot easier than earning it

D. Earning is learning

E. Kids who are between the ages of 10 and 13 can earn money by doing lots of things.

练习三：

Rock and pop music are becoming more and more similar,but there are still some important differences. 66 They use music to become rich and famous, and they sing songs that will be liked by everybody. Rock singers, on the other hand, make music their life. They play music to satisfy their inner desire. They do not think how much money they can make from a song, instead, they sing for their emotions and live for music

67 A pop song is written in a “factory” where one person writes the words, someone else the music, and other musicians record it. The singer often knows little about the ideas or

feelings behind the song. 68 The singers and musicians are all able to write music and work together in a band. When one of them has a strong feeling, he or she expresses it with music and the others help build the song.

Because of the different ways of thinking and writing songs, rock and pop songs also tell different stories. 69 They are popular for a short time, but will soon be forgotten. Rock music, on the other hand, expresses true feelings about society, friendship and even war. Some rock songs are also about love, but the feelings they express are deeper. For example, love in a pop song is either good or bad, but in a rock song it can be both good and bad at the same time. Pop music makes people feel easy and forget about the real world. 70

A.Most pop song tell simple stories about love and are written to entertain people.

B.Pop songs and rock songs are written in difference ways.

C.The process of making rock music, however, is totally different.

D.Rock music makes people think about the world and how to make their life better.

E.Most pop singers make music their career.

练习四：

The price of oil goes up today. When we talk about oil, it always means mineral oil that drives cars and so on..

66 . But not everybody knows that oil was ever used for burning lamps before electric lights. 67

This kind of oil comes out of the earth. 68 . The Middle East is one of the four main oil areas that are all near the sea. The driller is a very skilled man. Sometimes he sends the drill more than one mile into the earth. When we buy a few gallons of petrol for our cars, we pay not only the cost of the petrol, but also the part of the cost of the search .

Now more and more people have bought cars and the demand for oil rises quickly. 69 If the progress in using new sources of the energy to drive machines isn’t fast enough, the price of oil will be much higher than today. 70

A. But oil can’t be reproduced.

B. Oil burns well, so it can be used as fuel.

C. And in the end the oilfields will gradually disappear on the earth.

D. Especially, when the engine was invented, oil became very important and it changed our life.

E. Scientists think that oil under the surface of the earth was formed by living things in the sea.

练习五：

When you are learning English, listening, speaking and writing are important, but reading can also be very helpful. When you read, not only can you learn some new words, but also you can learn how to use these English words.

Try to read at the right level. 66 If you need to stop every three words to use a dictionary, it is not interesting.

67 If there are four or five new words on a page, write them in your notebook. But you don’t have to write them while you read.68 Then come back when you have finished reading, look them up in a dictionary and write them in your own vocabulary book. Then try to remember them.

Try to read regularly. For example, read for a short time once a day. 69 Fix a time to read and keep to it. Y ou could read for fifteen minutes when you go to bed, or when you get up or at lunchtime.

Read what interests you. Choose a book or a magazine about a subject that you like, because you are going to spend time and money reading it. 70

A. Y ou can also read newspapers.

B. Instead, try to guess their meaning as you read, mark them with a pen.

C. Try to increase the number of your new words.

D. Fifteen minutes every day is better than two hours every Sunday.

E. It is not a good idea to stop reading while you meet some new words.

【参考答案】一、ACDBE 二、AEBDC 三、EBCAD 四、BDEAC 五、ECBDA