发动机英文翻译
翻译发动机
EngineThe engine acts as the power unit. The internal combustion engine is most common: this obtains its power by burning a liquid fuel inside the engine cylinder. There are two types of engine: gasoline (also called a spark-ignition engine) and diesel (also called a compression-ignition engine). Both engines are called heat engines; the burning fuel generates heat which causes the gas inside the cylinder to increase its pressure and supply power to rotate a shaft connected to the transmissionAll engines have fuel, exhaust, cooling, and lubrication systems. Gasoline engines also have an ignition system. The ignition system supplies the electric spark needed to ignite the air-fuel mixture in the cylinders. When the ignition switch is turned on, current flows from the 12-volt storage battery to the ignition coil. The coil boosts the voltage to produce the strong spark of 20,000 V needed to ignite the engine fuel.The automobile supplies all the electricity it needs through its electrical system. For example, the electrical system supplies electricity for the ignition, horn, lights, heater, and starter. The electricity level is maintained by a charging circuit.The fuel system stores liquid fuel and delivers it to the engine. The fuel is stored in the tank, which is connected to a fuel pump by a fuel line.The cooling system removes excessive heat from the engine. The temperature in engine combustion chambers is about 2,000℉( 1,094℃). Since steel melts at around 2,500℉(1,354℃), this heat must be carried away to prevent engine damage. Air and a coolant are used to carry away the heat. The radiator is filled with a coolant. The water pump circulates this coolant through the hollow walls of the engine block and head. Constant circulation of the coolant through the engine and the radiator removes heat from the engine.Heat also is removed by the radiator fan, which draws air through the narrow fins of the radiator. This system also supplies heat to the passenger compartment and the window defrosters.The lubrication system is important in keeping the engine running smoothly. Motor oil is the lubricant used in the system. The lubrication system has four functions:1. It cuts down friction by coating moving parts with oil.2. It produces a seal between the piston rings and the cylinder walls.3. It carries away sludge, dirt, and acids.4. It cools the engine by circulating the motor oil.To keep this system working efficiently, oil filters and motor oil must be changed regularly.The automotive engine is essentially a heat engine. The heat engines used in automobiles are internal combustion engines.1. Principle of OperationThe spark-ignition engine is an internal-combustion engine with externally supplied in ignition. The gasoline engine is a kind of spark-ignition engines.The four-stroke-cycle gasoline engine cycle is spread over four piston strokes. The operation strokes areThe first stroke in your engine is called the intake stroke. Instead of opening the intake valve after you have drawn the piston down, you will find it better to open the intake valve as the piston starts down [1]. This allows the air to draw fuel in the entire time the piston is moving down. Remember, the intake stroke starts with the piston at the top of the cylinder (intake valve open and exhaust valve closed) and stops with the piston at the bottom of its travel [2]. This requires one-half turn ofthe crankshaftAs the crankshaft continues to move, the piston is forced up through the cylinder. If you keep both valves closed, the fuel mixture will be squeezed, or compressed, as the piston reaches the top. This is called the compression stroke. It, too, requires a half turn of the crankshaft.The compression stroke serves to break up the fuel into even smaller particles. This happens due to the sudden swirling and churning of the mixture as it is compressed.When the air-fuel mixture is subjected to a sudden sharp compression force, its temperature rises. This increase in temperature makes the mixture easier to ignite and causes it to explode with greater force. As the piston reaches the top of its travel on the compression stroke, it has returned to the proper position to be pushed back down by the explosion.Remember, the compression stroke starts with the piston at the bottom of the cylinder (both valves closed) and stops with the piston at the top of the cylinder. This requires an additional half turn of the crankshaft.As the piston reaches the top of the compression stroke, the mixture is broken into tiny particles and heated up. When ignited, it will explode with great force. This is the right time to explode the mixture. A spark plug provides a spark inside the combustion chamber. The spark produced at the plug is formed by the ignition system.Just imagine that a hot spark has been provided in the fuel mixture. The mixture will explode and, in turn, force the piston down into the cylinder. This gives the crankshaft a quick and forceful push. This is the power stroke. Both valves must be kept closed during the power stroke or the pressure of the burning fuel will squirt out through the valve pods. Remember, the power stroke starts with the piston at the top of the cylinder (both valves closed) and stops with the piston at the bottom of the cylinder. This requires another half turn of the crankshaft.When the piston reaches the bottom of the power stroke, the exhaust valve opens. The spinning crankshaft forces the piston up through the cylinder, pushing burned gases out. This is the exhaust stroke.Remember, the exhaust stroke starts with the piston at the bottom of the cylinder (exhaust valve open and intake valve closed). It stops with the piston at the top of the cylinder. This requires one more half turn of the crankshaft.If you count the number of half turns in the intake, compression, power, and exhaust strokes, you will find you have a total of four. This gives you two complete turns, or revolutions, of the crankshaft. While the crankshaft is turning around twice, it is receiving power only during one half turn, or one fourth of the time.Each complete cycle consists of four strokes of the piston, hence the name four-stroke cycle.2. Main Engine Components1）Engine blockThe engine block serves as a rigid metal foundation for all parts of an engine. It contains the cylinders and supports the crankshaft and camshaft. In older engines, the valve seats, ports, and guides are built into the block. Accessory units and the clutch housing are bolted to it.Blocks are made of either cast iron or aluminum. The lighter the block (providing it has sufficient strength), the better. The modern thin-wall casting process controls core size and placement much more accurately than the older casting process. This permits casting the block walls much thinner, reducing the weight of the block. Since the block wall thickness is more uniform, block distortion during service is less severe.2）cylinderThe cylinder is a round hole formed in the block. It forms a guide for the piston and acts as a container for taking in, compressing, firing, and exhausting the air-fuel charge. Cylinders have been made of both steel and cast iron. Cast iron is by far the most popular.When steel cylinders are desired in an aluminum block, they are installed in the form of cylinder sleeves (round, pipe-like liners), These sleeves may be either cast or pressed into the block. Some engines use removable cylinder sleeves. When the cylinder becomes worn, the old sleeves can be pulled out and new sleeves can be pressed in. The sleeves are pressed into oversize cylinder holes. Cylinder sleeves are widely used in heavy-duty truck and industrial engines. Sleeves can also be used to repair a worn or cracked cylinder in a cast iron block.3）PistonsThe piston must move down through the cylinder to produce a vacuum to draw a fuel charge into the cylinder. It then travels up in the cylinder and compresses the mixture. When the mixture is fired, the pressure of the expanding gas is transmitted to the top of the piston. This drives the piston back down through the cylinder with great force, transmitting the energy of the expanding gas to the crankshaft. The piston then travels up through the cylinder and exhausts the burned fuel charge.Pistons are usually made of aluminum. Often, aluminum pistons are tin-plated to allow proper break-in when the engine is started. Aluminum pistons can be forged, but they are more commonly cast. Cast iron is a good material for pistons used in a slow-speed engine. It has excellent wear characteristics and will provide good performance.4）Connecting RodsAs the name implies, connecting rods are used to connect pistons to the crankshaft. The upper end of the rod oscillates (swings back and forth), while the lower, or big end, bearing rotates (turns).Because there is very little bearing movement in the upper end, the bearing area can be reasonably small. The lower end rotates very fast, and the crankshaft bearing journal turns inside the connecting rod. This rotational speed tends to produce heat and wear. To make the rod wear well, a larger bearing area is required.The upper end of the rod has a hole through it for the piston pin. The bottom of the large end of the connecting rod must be removed so the rod can be installed on the crankshaft journal. The section that is removed is called the connecting rod cap.Connecting rods are normally made of alloy steel. They are drop-forged to shape and then machined.5）CrankshaftThe engine crankshaft provides a constant turning force to the wheels. It has throws to which connecting rods are attached, and its function is to change the reciprocating motion of the piston to a rotary motion to drive the wheels. Crankshafts are made of alloy steel or cast iron.The crankshaft is held in position by a series of main bearings. The maximum number of main bearings for a crankshaft is one more than the number of cylinders. It may have fewer main bearings than cylinders. Most engines use precision insert bearings that are constructed like the connecting rod bearings, but are somewhat larger. In addition to supporting the crankshaft, one of the main bearings must control the forward and backward movement.6）flywheelA heavy flywheel is attached to the rear of the crankshaft with bolts. The function of the flywheel is to smooth out engine speed and keep the crankshaft spinning between power strokes, in some engines, the flywheel also serves as a mounting surface for the clutch. The outer rim of the flywheel has a large ring attached with gear teeth cut into it. The teeth of the starter motor engage these teeth and spin the flywheel to crank the engine. When an automatic transmission is used, the torque converter assembly works with the flywheel.7）CamshaftThe camshaft is used to open and close the valves. There is one cam on the camshaft for each valve in the engine. Generally only one camshaft is used in most engines. Newer engines are increasingly equipped with two or more camshafts8）ValvesEach engine cylinder ordinarily has two valves. However, modern engines often use four valves per cylinder (two intake and two exhaust). A few engines used in smaller vehicles have three or five valves per cylinder: two intake valves and one exhaust valve or three intake valves and two exhaust valves.Because the head of an exhaust valve operates at temperatures up to 1300℉(704℃), valves are made of heat-resistant metal. In order to prevent burning, the valve must give off heat to the valve seat and to the valve guide. The valve must make good contact with the seat and must run with minimum clearance in the guide.9）Valve LiftersMechanical valve lifters are usually made of cast iron. The bottom part that contacts the camshaft is hardened. Some lifters are hollow to reduce weight. Most valve trains that contain mechanical lifters have some provision for adjusting clearance. Mechanical valve lifters were used in older engines.Hydraulic valve lifters perform the same job as mechanical lifters. However, hydraulic lifters are self-adjusting, operate with no lifter-to-rocker arm clearance, and uses engine oil under pressure to operate. Hydraulic lifters are quiet in operation.3. Engine Classification1)Cycle ClassificationEngines are often classified according to cycle. Most internal combustion piston engines use a two- or four-stroke cycle. All modern automobile engines use the four-stroke cycle engine.The two-stroke cycle engine performs the intake, compression, firing, and exhaust sequence in one revolution of the crankshaft.Cylinder ClassificationThe inline engine has its cylinders arranged one after the other in a straight line. They are in a vertical, or near vertical position. Most modern inline engines are four cylinders.A V-type engine places two banks or rows of cylinders at an angle to each other—generally at 60°or 90°. The V-type engine has several advantages: short length, extra block rigidity, a short, heavy crankshaft, and low profile that is conducive to low hood lines. The shorter block permits a reduction in vehicle length with no sacrifice in 2)passenger room.The horizontal opposed engine is like a V-type engine, except that both banks lie in a horizontal plane. The advantage here is an extremely low overall height, which makes this engine ideally suited to installations where space is limited.Cooling ClassificationAs you have learned, engines are either liquid-cooled or air-cooled. Most vehicles use liquid-cooled engines. Air-cooled engines are used in limited numbers on modern vehicles.3)Fuel ClassificationAutomobile engines can use gasoline, diesel fuel, gasohol (mixture of gasoline and alcohol), alcohol, LNG (liquefied natural gas), CNG (compressed natural gas), or LPG (liquefied propane gas). Gasoline powers the majority of vehicles, but diesel fuel is used in some vehicles. Gasohol, LNG, CNG, and LPG are beginning to see wider use. One of the principal differences in these engines is in method of fuel delivery and carburetion. Gasoline, LNG, CNG, and LPG utilize the same basic type of engine, but LNG, CNG, and LPG utilize a slightly different fuel delivery setup. Diesel engines do not use a carburetor or an ignition system.1.发动机发动机是汽车的动力装置。
汽车术语的英语翻译 - 发动机部分
3 技术参数与工作过程 发动机排量 压缩比 气缸直径
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CHMS-020 汽车术语
名称/术语
活塞行程 行程缸径比 标准缸径 气缸数 上止点 下止点 气缸总容积 气缸工作容积 点（发）火次序 燃烧室容积 气门重叠角 进气持续角 排气持续角 凸轮升程 气门升程 气门正时 曲轴主轴承轴径 曲轴主轴承宽度 曲轴主轴承间隙 曲轴轴向间隙 凸轮轴轴承轴颈 连杆轴颈宽度 Piston stroke Stroke-bore ratio Standard cylinder bore Number of cylinders Top dead center Bottom dead center Total cylinder volume Cylinder working volume Firing order Combustion chamber volume Valve overlap Intake duration angle Exhaust duration angle Cam lobe lift Valve lift Valve timing Crankshaft main bearing journal diameter Crankshaft main bearing journal width Crankshaft main bearing clearance Crankshaft end play Crankshaft bearing journal Connecting rod journal width
214
CHMS-020 汽车术语
名称/术语
升功率 额定转速 最大转矩转速 最低稳定工作转速 怠速转速 发动机负荷 全负荷 部分负荷 机油压力 机油容量 机油消耗率 最低燃油消耗率 有效热效率 冷却液容量 空气消耗量 示功图 进气行程 压缩行程 膨胀行程 排气行程 发动机工作循环 扫气 Rated speed Speed at maximum torque Lowest continuous speed with load Idling speed Engine Load Full load Partial load Oil pressure Oil capacity Specific oil consumption Minimum specific fuel consumption Effective thermal efficiency Coolant capacity Air consumption Indicator diagram Intake stroke Compression stroke Expansion stroke Exhaust stroke Engine cycle Scavengine
汽车专业用语中英文翻译对照
2009-12-16 11:50发动机 engine内燃机 intenal combusiton engine动力机装置 power unit汽油机 gasoline engine汽油喷射式汽油机 gasoline-injection engine火花点火式发动机 spark ignition engine压燃式发动机 compression ignition engine往复式内燃机 reciprocating internal combustion engine 化油器式发动机 carburetor engine柴油机 diesel engine转子发动机 rotary engine旋轮线转子发动机 rotary trochoidal engine二冲程发动机 two-stroke engine四冲程发动机 four-stroke engine直接喷射式柴油机 direct injection engine间接喷射式柴油机 indirect injection engine增压式发动机 supercharged engine风冷式发动机 air-cooled engine油冷式发动机 oil-cooled engine水冷式发动机 water-cooled engine自然进气式发动机 naturally aspirated engine煤气机 gas engine液化石油气发动机 liquified petroleum gas engine柴油煤气机 diesel gas engine多种燃料发动机 multifuel engine石油发动机 hydrocarbon engine双燃料发动机 duel fuel engine热球式发动机 hot bulb engine多气缸发动机 multiple cylinder engine对置活塞发动机 opposed piston engine对置气缸式发动机 opposed-cylinder engine十字头型发动机 cross head engine直列式发动机 in-line engine星型发动机 radial engine筒状活塞发动机 trunk-piston engine斯特林发动机 stirling engine套阀式发动机 knight engine气孔扫气式发动机 port-scavenged engine倾斜式发动机 slant engine前置式发动机 front-engine后置式发动机 rear-engine中置式发动机 central engine左侧发动机 left-hand engine右侧发动机 right-hand engine短冲程发动机 oversquare engine长冲程发动机 undersquare engine等径程发动机 square engine顶置凸轮轴发动机 overhead camshaft engine双顶置凸轮轴发动机 dual overhead camshaft engine V形发动机 V-engine顶置气门发动机 valve in-head engine侧置气门发动机 side valve engine无气门发动机 valveless engine多气门发动机 multi-valve engine卧式发动机 horizontal engine斜置式发动机 inclined engine立式发动机 vertical engine二冲程循环 two-stroke cycle四冲程循环 four-stroke cycle狄塞尔循环 diesel cycle奥托循环 otto cycle混合循环 mixed cycle定容循环 constant volume cycle工作循环 working cycle等压循环 constant pressure cycle理想循环 ideal cycle热力循环 thermodynamic cycle冲程 stroke活塞行程piston stroke长行程 long stroke上行程 up stroke下行程 down stroke进气行程intake stroke充气行程charging stroke压缩行程compression stroke爆炸行程explosion stroke膨胀行程expansion stroke动力行程 power stroke排气行程exhaust stroke膨胀换气行程 expansion-exchange stroke换气压缩行程 exchange-compression stroke止点dead center止点 dead center上止点 top dead center(upper dead center)下止点 lower dead center(bottom dead center)上止点前 budc(before upper dead center)上止点后 atdc(after top dead cetner)下止点前 bbdc(before bottom dead center)下止点后 abdc(after bottom dead center)缸径 cylinder bore缸径与行程 bore and stroke空气室energy chamber气缸余隙容积 cylinder clearance volume燃烧室容积combustion chamber volume气缸最大容积 maximum cylinder volume压缩室 compression chamber排气量displacement发动机排量 engine displacement活塞排量 piston swept volume气缸容量 cylinder capacity单室容量 single-chamber capacity容积法 volumetry压缩比compression ratio临界压缩比critical compression ratio膨胀比 expansion ratio面容比 surface to volume ratio行程缸径比 stroke-bore ratio混合比 mixture ratio压缩压力 compression pressure制动平均有效压力brake mean effective pressure(bmep) 空燃比 air fuel ratio燃空比 fuel air ratio燃料当量比 fuel equivalence ratio扭矩torque单缸功率power per cylinder升功率power per liter升扭矩 torque per liter升质量 mass per liter减额功率 derating power输出马力shaft horsepower马力小时，马力时 horsepower-hour总马力 gross horse power总功率 gross power净功率 net power燃油消耗量 fuel consumption比燃料消耗率 specific fuel consumption空气消耗率 air consumption汽车英文术语A ／C Air Conditioning 空调A ／T Automatic Transaxle (Transmission) 自动变速器ACC Air Condition Clutch 空调离合器ACT Air Charge Temperature 进气温度AFC Air Flow control 空气流量控制AFS Air Flow Sensor 空气流量传感器AI Air Injection 二次空气喷射ACL AirCleaner 空气滤清器AIV Air Injection Valve 空气喷射阀ALCl Assembly Line Communication Link 总装线测试插座ALDl Assembly lne Diagnostic Link 总装线诊断插座ALT Alternator 交流发电机APS Absolute Pressure Sensor 绝对压力传感器ATS Air Temperature Sensor 空气温度传感器AP Accelerator Pedal 加速踏板ABS Anti-lock Brake System 防抱死刹车系统ATF Automatic Transmission Fluid 自动变速箱油液A ／F Air Fuel Ratio 空气燃料混合比AMP Ampere(S) 安培( 电流强度) APPROX Approximately 大约，近似ATDC After Top Dead Center 上止点后AUTO Automatic 自动ATT Attachment 附件ALR Automatic Lock Return 自动馈回缩器B+ Battery Positive Voltage 蓄电池正极BARO Barometric Pressure 大气压力BARO Sensor Barometric Pressure Sensor 大气压力传感器BP Barometric Pressure Sensor 大气压力传感器BAT Battery 电瓶BTDC Before Top Dead Center 上死点前BDC Bottom Dead Center 下死点CMP Camshaft Position 凸轮轴位置CARB Carburetor 化油器CCC Converter Clutch Control 转换离合器控制CDI Capacitive Discharge Ignition 电容放电式点火CMFI Central Multiport Fuel lnjectoion 中央多点燃油喷射CES Clutch Engage Switch 离合器接合开关CFI Central Fuel lnjection 中央燃油喷射CFI Continous Fuel Injection 连续燃油喷射CID Cylinder Identification Sensor 汽缸传感器CIS Continous Fuel lnjection 连续燃油喷射CKP Crank shaft Position 曲轴位置CKP Sensor Crank shaft Position Sensor 曲轴位置传感器CL Closed Loop 闭环控制CP Crank shaft Position 曲轴位置CPP Clutch Pedal Position 离合器踏板位置CPS Camshaft Position Sensor 凸轮轴位置传感器CPS Crank shaft Position Sensor 曲轴位置传感器CTP Closed Throttle Position ，节气门关闭位置CTS Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor 发动机水温传感器CYP Cylinder Position 汽缸位置CAT Catalytic Converter 触酶转换器CO Carbon Monoxide 一氧化碳CYL Cylinder 汽缸CPC Clutch Pressure Control 离合器压力控制CARB Carburetor 汽化器，化油器CPU Central Processing Unit 中央处理器CHG Charge 充电D —Jetronic Multiport Fuel Injection D 型多点燃油喷射DLC Data Link Connector 数据传递插接器DFI Direct Fuel Injection 直接燃油喷射DI Direct lnjecton 直接喷射DI Distributor lgnition 分电器点火DID Direct lnjection —Diesel 柴油直接喷射DTM Diagnostic Test Mode 诊断测试模式DTC Diagnostic Trouble Code 诊断故障码DLI Distributorless Ignitioo 无分电器点火DS Detonation Sensor 爆震传感器DIFF Differential 差速器DOHC DoubleOverhe~IdCamshaft 顶置双凸轮轴DPI Dual Point lnjection 两点喷射DRL Daytime Running Light 白天行驶灯E2PROM Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory 可以擦写的只读存储器EATX Electronic Automatic Transmission ／Transaxle 电控自动变速器EC Engine Control 发动机控制ECA Electronic Control Assembly 电子控制总成ECM Engine Control Module 发动机控制模块ECT Engine Coolant Temperature 发动机冷却水温EDIS Electronic Distributorless lgnition System 电子无分电器点火系统EEC Electronic Engine Control 电子发动机控制EEPROM Electrially Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory 可电擦写的只读存储器EFI Electronic Fuel lnjection 电控燃油喷射EGOS Exhaust Gas Oxygen Sensor 氧传感器EGR Exhaust Gas Recirculation 废气再循环EGRV ExhaustGasRecirculationvalve 废气再循环阀EGS Exhaust Gas Sensor 氧传感器EPROM Erasable PrOgrammable Read Only Menory 可擦写的只读存储器ESA Electronic Spark Advance 点火提前ESAC Electronic Spark Advance Control 点火提前控制EST Electronic Spark Timing 点火正时EVAP Evaporative Emission 蒸发排放污染EX Exhaust 排气ELD Electrical Load Detector 电子负载检测器EPS Electrical Power Steering 电子动力转向FC Fan Control 风扇控制FP Fuel Pump 燃油泵FWD Front Wheel Drive 前轮驱动FR Front Right 右前FSR Fail SafeRelay 失效安全继电器FIA Fuel lnjection Air 燃油喷射进气GEN Generator 交流发电机GND Ground 搭铁GALGallon 加仑H ／B Hatchback 掀背式H02S Heated Oxygen Sensor 加热型氧气传感器HC Hydrocarbons 碳氢化合物lA Intake Air 进气IAT Intake Air Temperature 进气温度IATS Intake Air Temperature Sensor 进气温度传感器lAC Idle Air Control 怠速控制IACV Idle Air control Valve 怠速空气控制阀ICM Ignition Control Module 点火控制模块ISC Idle Speed Control 怠速控制lAB Intake Air Bypass 进气歧管IAR Intake Air Resonator 进气共鸣器IMA IdleMixtureAdjustment 怠速混合比调整IMPS Intake Manifold Pressure Sensor 进气歧管压力传感器IN Intake 进气IG or IGN Ignition 点火燃烧ID Identification 辨证，识别ID or I ．D ．Inside Diameter 内径KAM Keep Alive Memory 磨损修正系数存储器K —Jetronic Continous Fuel lnjection 机械式连续喷射KE — Jetromc Continous Fuel lnjection 机电结合式连续喷射KS Knock Sensor 爆震传感器KOEO KEY —ONEngine —OFF 点火开关ON 发动机不启动KOER KEY —ONEngine —Running 点火开关ON 发动机运转L —Jetronic MultiportFuellnjeetion L 型多点燃油喷射LH —Jetronic MultiportFuel lnjection LH 型多点燃油喷射LHD Left Handle Drive 左侧驾驶L ／C Lock — up Clutch 锁定离合器LF Left Front 左前LSD Limited Slip Differential 防滑差速器LR Left Rear 左后L 一 4 In —Line Four Cylinder(engine) 直列式4 汽缸( 发动机) LED Light Emitting Diode 发光二极管M ／C Mixturure Control 混合气控制MAF Mass Air Flow 质量空气流量MAP Manifold Absolute Pressure 歧管绝对压力MAT Manifold AirTemperature 歧管空气温度MCS Mixture Control Solenoid 混合气控制电磁线圈MCU Microprocessor Control Unit 微处理器控制单元MFI Muhipoint Fuel lnjection 多点燃油喷射MFE MultipointFuel lnjection 多点燃油喷射Mil Malfunction lndicator Lamp 故障指示灯M ／S Manual Steering 手( 机械式) 转向MAF Mass Air Flow Sensor 空气流量计M ／T Manual Transmission 手动变速箱MCK Motor Check 马达检示MAX Maximum 极大值MIN Minimum 极小值MPI Multi Point lnjection 多点喷射NPS Neutral Position Switch 空挡开关N Neutral 空转位置( 空挡) NOX Nitrogen Oxides of 氮氧化合物02S Oxygen Sensor 含氧传感器P ／N Park ／Neutral Position 停车／空挡位置P ／S Power Steering Pressure Switch 动力转向压力开关PCM Power train Control Module 动力控制模块PCV Positive Crankcase Ventilation 曲轴箱强制通风PFI Port Fuel lnjection 进气门口燃油喷射PIP Position lndicator Pulse 曲轴位置传感器PNP Park ／Neutral Position 停车／空挡位置PROM Programmable Read Only Memory 可编程只读存储器PSP Power Steering Pressure 动力转向压力PSPS Power Steering Pressure Switch 动力转向油压开关p Park 停车PSAI Pulsed Secondary Air lnjection 脉动式二次空气喷射PGM —FI Programmed — fuel lnjection 程式控制燃料喷射PGM — IG Programmed lgnition 程式化点火PMR Pump Motor Relay 由泵马达继电器PSW Pressure Switch 压力开关PSF Power Steering Fluid 动力转向油Qty Quantity 数量RAM Random Access Memory 随机存储器RM Relay Module 继电器模块ROM Read Only Memory 只读存储器RR Rear Right 右后RHD Right Handle Drive 右侧驾驶REF Reference 参考RL Rear Left 左后SBEC Single Board Engine Control 单板发动机控制SEFI Sequential Electronic Fuel lnjection 次序电控燃油喷射SFI Sequential Fuel lnjection 次序燃油喷射' SMEC Single Module Engine Control 单片发动机控制SPI Single Point lnjection 单点喷射SAE Society of Automotive Engineers 美国汽车工程师学会SOHC Single Overhead Camshaft 顶置单凸轮轴SOI Solenoid 线圈SPEC Specification 规格S ／R Sun Roof 遮阳板SRS Supplemental Restrgint System 安全气囊STD Standard 标准SW Switch 切换开关SCS Service Check Signal 维修检示信号SEC Second 秒、第二TB Throttle Body 节流阀体TBI Throttle Body Fuel lnjectlon 节流阀体燃油喷射TC Turbocharger 涡轮增压器TCM Transmission Control Module 变速器控制模块TP ThrottlePosition 节气门位置TPS Throttle Position Sensor 节气门位置传感器TPS Throttle Position Switch 节气门位置开关TPI Tuned Port lnjection 进气口喷射TWC Three Way Catalytic Converter 三元催化反应器T Torque 扭力TDC Top Dead Center 上死点TDCL Test Diagnostic Communication Link 自诊接头T ／N Tool Number 工具编号TCC Torque Convertor Clutch 变扭器离合器TRC Traction Control 牵引控制VAF Volume Air Flow 体积空气流量VAT Vane AirTemperature 进气温度VCC Viscous Converter Clutch 变扭离合器VSS Vehicle Speed Sensor 车速传感器VSV Vacuum Solenoid Valve 真空电磁阀VTEC Variable Valve Timing Valve Lift 可变式气门正时VC Viscous Coupling 粘性偶和VIN Vehicle ldentification Number 车身号码( 出厂号码) VVIS Variable Volume Intake System 可变进气系统全部词汇下载汽车术语中英文对照（引擎系统）1、引擎系统(Automotive Engine System)燃烧室(Combustion Chamber) 活塞到达上死点后其顶部与汽缸盖之间的空间，燃料即在此室燃烧。
发动机英文翻译（EngineEnglishtranslation）
发动机英文翻译（Engine English translation）The engineThe mechanism that converts internal energy into kinetic energy is called the engine, and the engine is mainly in the form of cylinders and pistons as the internal combustion engine of the converter. Depending on the fuel and the type of ignition, it can be divided into a gasoline engine or diesel engine, or an engine with hydrogen, natural gas, and oil and gas as fuel, and its combustion form is less different from that of gasoline engines. According to the work cycle and piston stroke characteristics, it can be divided into two stroke and four stroke engines.EngineTo be able to translate into kinetic energy of the body known as the engine, car engine is the main form of the cylinder and piston of internal combustion engine as a conversion mechanism. According to the fuel and ignition forms can be divided into different gasoline engine or a diesel engine, or hydrogen, natural gas, petroleum gas as fuel to the engine, the gasoline engine combustion form and smaller differences. According to the working cycle and piston stroke characteristics, and can be divided into two stroke and four stroke engine,A four-stroke engine cylinder, piston, piston, connecting rod, crankshaft, distribution agencies (valve, camshaft, etc.), the spark plug (gasoline engine), nozzle in cylinder (diesel engine, as well as with direct injection technology of gasoline engine in cylinder), oil pump and oil circulation, water pump and watercycle, and a series of sensors and ECU many parts.Four stroke engine main cylinder, piston, piston connecting rod, crankshaft, valve (valve, CAM shaft), a spark plug (gasoline engine), in-cylinder fuel injector, oil pump and oil circulation, water pump and water circulation, another series of sensors and ECU and many other components.The construction and working principle of internal combustion engineThe structure and working principle of internal combustion engineThe working chamber of reciprocating piston type internal combustion engine is called cylinder, and the inner surface of the cylinder is cylindrical. The piston of reciprocating motion in the cylinder is hinged by the piston pin and the connecting rod, and the other end of the connecting rod is connected to the crankshaft, which forms the crank connecting rod mechanism. Therefore, when the piston is reciprocating in the cylinder, the connecting rod pushes the crankshaft to rotate, or vice versa. At the same time, the volume of the working chamber is constantly changing from the smallest to the largest, then the largest to the smallest, and so on. The top of the cylinder is closed with a cylinder cover. The intake and exhaust doors are mounted on the head of the cylinder head, and the intake and exhaust valve is mounted upside down to the top of the cylinder. Through the opening and closing of the inlet and exhaust doors, the air cylinder can be filled up and out of the cylinder.The opening and closing of the exhaust door is controlled by camshaft. The camshaft is driven by the crankshaft through the toothed belt or gear or chain. The inlet, exhaust valve and camshaft and other components form the gas distribution mechanism. This structure is usually described as a gas distribution mechanism with a roof valve. The modern internal combustion engine adopts the roof valve distribution mechanism without exception. The parts that make up the cylinder are called the cylinder block, and the part of the supporting crankshaft is called the crankcase, and the cylinder body and the crankcase are called the body.Reciprocating piston internal combustion engine working chamber called the cylinder, the inner surface of the cylinder. In the cylinder for reciprocating motion of the piston through the piston pin and one end of the connecting rod is hinged, the other end of the connecting rod is connected with the crankshaft, form the crank connecting bar mechanism. Therefore, when the piston in the cylinder for reciprocating motion, the connecting rod drives the crankshaft to rotate, or the opposite. At the same time, a working chamber volume is also constantly from the smallest to the largest, again by the maximum to minimum, so the cycle. The top end of the cylinder by cylinder lid closure. The cover of the cylinder is provided with the inlet valve and exhaust valve, intake, exhaust valve head down tail up upside down in the cylinder top. Through the inlet, exhaust valve opening and closing to within the cylinder to cylinder exhaust gas and. Inlet, exhaust valve opening and closing is controlled by a camshaft. Cam shaft by the crankshaft via a toothed belt or a gear or chain drive. Inlet, exhaust valve and the cam shaft and other parts composed of gas distribution mechanism. Oftencalled the structural form of the gas distribution mechanism for overhead valve mechanism. Modern car engines are invariably uses overhead valve mechanism. To form the cylinder parts called cylinder body, supporting the crankshaft parts called the crankcase, cylinder block and crankcase casting body known as the body.The working principle ofThe working principle of a four-stroke gasoline engineThe four-stroke reciprocating piston internal combustion engine completes the four processes of intake, compression, work and exhaust during the four piston trips, namely, only one process is carried out in one piston stroke. As a result,The piston stroke can be named after four processes.1. Air intake strokeThe piston moves from the top to the bottom of the crankshaft. The exhaust valve closes and the intake valve opens. During the movement of the piston, the cylinder volume gradually increases and a certain vacuum degree is formed in the cylinder. The mixture of air and gasoline is inhaled through the intake valve and further mixed into a combustible mixture in the cylinder.2. The compression strokeAt the end of the intake stroke, the crankshaft continues todrive the piston from the bottom to the top stop. The inlet and exhaust doors are closed. As the piston moves, the cylinder volume decreases, and the mixture in the cylinder is compressed, and its pressure and temperature rise simultaneously.3. Work tripAt the end of the compression stroke, the spark plug that is installed on the cylinder head generates an electric spark, which ignite the combustible mixture in the cylinder. The flame quickly travels through the combustion chamber, releasing a lot of heat energy. The volume of combustion gas expands rapidly, and the pressure and temperature rise rapidly. Under the action of the gas pressure, the piston is moved from the top to the bottom, and the crankshaft rotates to work through the connecting rod. The inlet and exhaust doors are still closed.4. The exhaust strokeExhaust stroke, the exhaust valve opens, the inlet valve is still closed, the crankshaft by connecting rod drives the piston by the next check point moves to the first check point, the combustion gas after the expansion at this time (or gas) on residual stress and its own under the impetus of the piston, through the exhaust discharge outside the cylinder. When the piston reaches the upper stop, the exhaust stroke ends and the exhaust gate closes.The Working principleOne, four stroke gasoline engine working principleFour stroke reciprocating piston internal combustion engine in the Four piston travel to complete the intake, compression will power, and exhaust Four the processes, i.e. for a piston in travel only a process. Therefore, the stroke of the piston are Four the processes named.In the water strokeThe crankshaft in a piston driven by The TDC to business data catalog. When closing The exhaust valve, intake valve opening. In The process of moving piston, cylinder volume gradually - and The cylinder to form certain vacuum degree, The mixture of air and gasoline through The intake valve is sucked into The cylinder, and The cylinder is further mixed to form a combustible mixture. ""2 compression will stroke"After the intake stroke, the crankshaft continues to drive the piston only by the shift of the top dead point. At this time, the inlet and exhaust valves are closed. Along with the movement of the piston and the cylinder volume decreases, the mixing gas in the cylinder is compressed,它的压强和温度升高了。
发动机英文翻译
“中南林业科技大学”热能与动力工程专业“不落的星尘”全力打造，华丽的一个金币，传说中的物美价廉发动机英文翻译、内燃机英文翻译、汽车英文翻译、热动英文翻译由于上传失败，现将两幅插图放在另一个文档中期待各位的指正，谢谢！……………………………………………………………………………………………………分割线…………割了烦恼…………毕业愉快…………工作愉快………………………………………………………………………………………………（本文来自《汽车专业英语》/陈勇、边明远主编）The Engine’s Sy stemThe engine is an important part of the automobile; it acts as the heart of a person, which provides the power that the cars need to run on the road. All the automotive engines today are the Internal Combustion Engines ( ICEs ) because the fuel is burnt inside their cylinders and the energy is provided.ICEs are those heat engines that burn their fuel inside the engine cylinder. In ICEs, the chemical energy stored in their fuel converted into heat energy during the burning part of their operation. The heat energy is converted into mechanical energy by the expansion of gases against the piston attached to crankshaft that can rotate. The engines that burn petrol are known as petrol engine. Other types of ICEs burn heavier oils, of these types the diesel engine has come into the widest use.Diesel and petrol engines have the same mechanical parts, except that diesel components are generally stronger and heavier. Both engines are internal combustion engines, but they have different fuel system and use different fuels. With a diesel, only air enters the cylinder during the intake stroke. A petrol engine takes in an air-fuel mixture. Following are some general comparisons between diesel and petrol engines: In a diesel, the fuel is injected into the cylinder as a fine spray near the top of the compression stroke. With a petrol engine, the fuel is injected into the exhaust ports at the start of the induction stroke.Ignition in a diesel is by the high temperature from the highly compressed air. A petrol engine needs a spark for ignition.Diesel engines generally operate at lower engine rpm than petrol engines.Diesel engines use distillate for fuel, which is less volatile than petrol.The design of diesel engines makes them noisier than petrol engines and they have a unique diesel knock.Small diesel engines, as well as petrol engines, are used in passenger cars and light commercial vehicles. Larger diesel engines are used in all heavy commercial vehicles, earthmoving equipment, and farm machinery.１.Engine ConfigurationsThe term engine configuration refers to the way that the cylinders of an engine are arranged. The cylinders can be in-line, or at an angle ( V-type ). Within these three basic arrangements, there are a number of variations.In-line engineWith in-line engines, the cylinders are arranged in a straight line, one behind the other. Most in-line engines have their cylinders vertical, but some are slanted. That is, the engine is tilted at an angle to reduce the overall height. These engines are sometimes referred to as slanted engines.Some in-line engines have their cylinders horizontal, so that the engine is more or less on its side. This reduces the overall height of the engine. This arrangement is <插图位置>used mainly in larger commercial vehicles with the engine mounted under part of the cab. The mechanical arrangement of a four-cylinder in-line for a passenger car is shown in Fig.1-9. The cut-away view in Fig.1-10 enables the various parts to be identified.Horizontally opposed engineThis arrangement has its cylinders arranged in two flat blanks with the crankshaft between them. The engine shown has a short rigid crankshaft with five bearings. A horizontally opposed engine has even firing impulses and good balance. Movement of a piston in direction is opposed by movement of a piston in the opposite direction.Horizontally opposed engines, with their flat design, give the engine a low height and also help to keep the center of gravity of the vehicle low. A low center of gravity gives the vehicle stability.V-type enginesWith V-type engines, the cylinders are arranged in two blanks at an angle. This reduces the length of the engine and makes it more compact. This also reduces the length of the crankshaft, which can be designed to be more rigid than a long shaft. ２.The Engine Assembly and ComponentsThe complete engine assembly consists of the mechanical components that make up the engine itself and also a number of associated systems. These are the systems that are needed to start the engine and also to control it and keep it running. The mechanical parts of the engine assembly can be broken down into a number of sub-assemblies, or groups of associated components, although these are usually referred to merely as assemblies, for example, cylinder-head assembly and piston assembly. Some parts of an engine are internal, other parts are external, this illustration identifies a number of external parts.The various components of an engine are assembled together during manufactured and most of these are secured by means of bolts, nuts and other types of fasteners. Some parts are internal and others are attached to the outside of the engine.The cylinder block is the largest part of engine. The other parts are either fitted into the block or attached to it. As its name suggests, it is basically a block of castmetal, usually cast iron, but it can be aluminum alloy with cast iron or steel liners. Aluminum is used to reduce the weight.The cylinder block has accurately bored cylinders to take the pistons. The lower part of the block is known as the crankcase and this has bearings that carry the crankshaft. The water-jackets that surround the cylinders are filled with coolant.The top of the cylinder block has a machined surface for the cylinder head and the bottom of the cylinder block is machined to provide a mounting for the oil pan, or sump.The cylinders can be arranged in the block so that they are in line, as shown, or they can be set at angle ( V-type engine ).The crankshaft is mounted in bearings in the lower part of the cylinder block ( the crankcase ). The connecting rods connect the pistons to the crankshaft, which is rotated by the power strokes of the pistons when the engine is running. The up-and-down, or reciprocating, motion of the pistons is changed to rotary motion by the combination action of the connecting rods and the cranks of the crankshaft.The term crankshaft comes from the word cranked, which also means bent. It is a shaft with a number of cranks or bends. With in-line engines, there a crank for each cylinder, but with some V-type engines, there is only one crank for each pair of cylinders.The flywheel is a heavy cast iron wheel attached to the rear of the crankshaft. It reduces engine vibrations by smoothing out the power impulses of the pistons. The flywheel absorbs energy during the power stroke and gives up energy during the other strokes and this helps to keep the engine running smoothly. A ring gear fitted to the rim of the flywheel so that the engine can be rotated by the starter pinion when starting the engine. With automatic transmissions, a drive plate and torque converter take the place of the flywheel and perform the same functions as a flywheel, as far as the running of the engine is concerned.The piston has grooves that carry the piston rings and these provide a seal between the piston and the cylinder wall. Compression rings are used as a gas seal and the oil ring is used to prevent excess oil from finding its way up past the piston into the combustion chamber.The connecting rod has a removable cap and a split bearing at its lower end where it is connected to the crankshaft. Its upper has a piston pin that provides a wrist-type of action with the piston. Because of its action, the piston pin is sometimes referred to as a wrist pin.The cylinder head is made of cast aluminum alloy. It is bolted to the top of the cylinder block so that it encloses the cylinders. It has combustion chambers above the cylinders in which the air-fuel mixture is burnt. Cylinder heads can be made of cast iron, which is more resistant to corrosion, but aluminum alloy is used for petrol engines because it has advantages of better heat transfer and lighter weight. The cylinder head has intake ports and exhaust ports. The intake valves open the intake ports to admit the fuel charge into the cylinder during the intake stroke. The exhaust valves open the exhaust ports to allow the burnt gases to leave the cylinder following the exhaust stroke.The camshaft and the valve mechanism are used to open and close the valves at the correct time. The camshaft is driven from the crankshaft at half the crankshaft speed.The valve cover, also called the cylinder-head cover, is fitted to the top of the cylinder head. This encloses the valve mechanism. An additional cover on top of the engine covers the ignition coils.This cylinder-head arrangement, for a four-cylinder engine, has two camshafts and sixteen valves. Other four-cylinder engines can have two camshafts and twelve valves, or one camshaft and eight valves.The timing belt and pulleys drive the camshaft at half the crankshaft speed ( engine speed ). A toothed drive belt is often used, but gears and chains are also used-in some instances a belt and chain are both used.On some engines, the timing chain is used to drive the oil pump. On diesel engines, a timing chain or a timing gear is used to drive the injection pump as well as the camshaft.The oil pan, or sump, holds the oil for the engine lubricating system. The oil pan is made of steel that has been pressed to shape. Other oil pans are made of aluminum alloy that has been cast to shape.The oil pan is bolted to the underside of the engine so that it closes off the crankcase. Only the ends of the crankshaft that extend beyond the cylinder block are exposed.Various forms of gaskets and seals are used between the surfaces where the parts are bolted together. Some of these are used to seal against oil, some against coolant and some against heat and pressure. Some provide a seal on flat surfaces, other seal against rotating shafts.As well as the larger parts of an engine, there are numerous small parts. These include bolts, washers, retainers, spring and brackets which go to make up the mechanical components of the engine.３.Engine SystemsThe engine systems that enable the engine to start and to continue to operate are as follows:(1)Starting system;(2)Fuel system;(3)Ignition system;(4)Cooling system;(5)Lubricating system;(6)Intake system;(7)Exhaust system;(8)Charging system;(9)Engine’s electronic control system.These are the systems for petrol engines. Diesel engines have similar systems except for the fuel and ignition systems. Some parts of the systems are built into theengine, some parts are attached to the engine and other parts are located on the body panels in the engine compartment.Starting systemThe starter is used to rotate the engine during starting. It consists of an electric motor and a drive. The drive has a small pinion that meshes with the ring gear on the flywheel during starting. The battery supplies the electrical energy to operate the starter and rotate the engine until it fires and runs on its own.Fuel systemThese are four basic types of fuel systems: carburetor systems for petrol engines, fuel injection systems for petrol engines, gas fuel systems ( LPG or NGV ), and diesel injection systems. All these systems operate in different ways, but they all have somewhere to store fuel ( a fuel tank or a cylinder ) and a way of supplying the engine with the fuel. They also have a way of supplying air and fuel mixed in the correct proportion so that it can be effectively burn in the combustion chambers.Ignition systemPetrol engines and engines operating on gas require an ignition system. This is needed to provide the sparks that fire the charges in the combustion chambers. For this reason, petrol engines are sometimes referred to as spark-ignition engines. This distinguishes them from them diesel engines that do not need a spark because they use compression ignition.Combustion in a diesel occurs when the fuel is sprayed into the combustion chamber. The air in the cylinder is at high temperature from being compressed-high enough to ignite the fuel that is sprayed from the injector.Cooling systemA considerable amount of heat is produced in an engine by the burning air-fuel mixture. Some of the heat is used to do useful work, some is transferred to other parts of the engine and some is carried away with exhaust gases. However, there is still enough heat to cause damage unless it is removed. This is still the function of the cooling system, which removes about one-third of the heat that is produced.The cooling system does not just remove heat; it maintains the engine at a desirable operating temperature. In a liquid-cooled engine, this is done by circulating coolant through the water-jackets. In an air-cooled engine, cooling is by air over cooling fins.Lubricating systemThe engine-lubricating system consists of an oil pump, a relief valve and a filter; also pipes, passages and drillings in various parts of engine through which the oil can flow. A quantity of oil is held in the oil pan. From this, oil is taken by the oil pump and circulated throughout the engine before returning to the oil pan. The oil lubricates all the moving parts and this is not only reduces friction, but it prevents wear anddamage. The oil pump is driven directly by the crankshaft. This system has an oil cooler, located at the filter mounting under the filter.Intake systemIn petrol engine with electronic fuel injection, the intake system includes the air cleaner, the throttle valve assembly and the intake manifold. The intake system provides clean air and carries it into the engine through the intake manifold. Nozzles of the fuel injectors spray fuel into the air passing from the intake manifold into the intake ports.With carburetor fuel systems, a mixture of air and fuel is carried from the carburetor, through the intake manifold and into the engine through the intake ports.For engines that operate on gas, a mixture of air and gas is carried into the engine by the intake manifold.In petrol engines with fuel injection, and in diesel engines, clean air only is provided by the intake system.Exhaust systemThe exhaust system carries the burnt gases away from the engine and also reduces noise. The system consists of the exhaust manifold, exhaust pipes, a catalytic converter and a muffler. Arrangements vary with different engines, there may be more than one muffler and more than one catalytic converter. Engines that run on Lead Replacement Petrol ( LRP ) do not have a catalytic converter, neither do diesel engines.Charging systemThe alternator, which is driven by the engine, converts mechanical energy to electrical energy.The battery supplies energy for the starter, the ignition system and electric fuel pump during the starting period ( petrol engine ), but once the engine is running, the alternator supplies all the electrical energy. It also recharges the battery to replace the energy used during starting.Engine’s electronic control systemThe engine’s electronic control system consists of sensors, a control unit and actuators. The control unit receives signals from the sensors and then sends signals to various actuators.There are sensors on the engine, in the intake system and in the exhaust system. The injectors are actuators that adjust the spray of fuel. There are also actuators in the ignition system that advance and retard the spark. These are just two examples of where electronic control is used.４.Engine OperationDuring the downward motion of the piston, the air-fuel mixture is sucked fromthe carburetor into the cylinder. During the upward motion the mixture is compressed by the piston in the cylinder and ignited by an electric spark. When the mixture is burned in the cylinder, the resulting heat causes the gases to expand which exert pressure on the cylinder walls and on the piston. The piston, being movable, is pushed downward by this pressure to the full length of its stroke.The pressure exerted on the piston is transmitted through the connecting rod to the crankshaft that is made to revolve. The crankshaft turns through one-half of a revolution as the piston moves downward. A flywheel attached to the crankshaft stores up energy. The momentum of the flywheel carries the piston through the balance of its motion until it receives another power impulse. The process is repeated over and over again, the crankshaft is turning continuously and the engine is running.The events that are repeated make up the cycle of the engine. The number of stokes of the piston required to complete the cycle varies with the type of engine. In modern vehicles, the cycle is extended through four stroke of the piston or two revolutions of the crankshaft. This is called a four-stroke cycle engine. In two stroke cycle engines, the cycle is completed in two strokes of the piston or one revolution of the crankshaft.In the four-stroke cycle engine, the four strokes are named suction, compression, power, and exhaust in accordance with the operation of the cycle which occur during each particular stroke.Suction stroke: during suction stroke, the piston is moved downward by the crankshaft, which is revolved either by the momentum of the flywheel or by the power generated by the electric starting motor. The inlet valve remains open and the exhaust valve is closed during this stroke. The downward movement of the piston sucks air-fuel mixture in the cylinder from the carburetor through the open inlet valve. Here the fuel is petrol mixed with air, broken up into a mist, and partially vaporized in the carburetor.Compression stroke: during compression stroke, the piston moves upward, thus compressing the charge. Ignition and much of the compression also take place during this stroke. The heat produced by the compression makes more homogeneous mixture of air and petrol inside the cylinder. The heat makes the petrol easier to burn, while the compression forces it into closer combination with the air. The mixture, under compression, is ignited by the spark produced by a spark plug, and the combustion is over half-completed when the piston is at Top Dead-Centre ( TDC ). Both the inlet and exhaust valves remain closed during the compression stroke.Working, power or expansion stroke: the expansion of the gases due to the heat of combustion exerts a pressure on the cylinder and piston. Under this impulse the piston moves downward thus doing useful work. Both the valves remain closed during this stroke.Exhaust stroke: during this stroke, the inlet valve remains closed and the exhaust valve opens. The greater part of the burnt gases escapes because of their own expansion. The piston moves upward and pushes the remaining gases out of the open exhaust valve. Only a small quantity of exhaust gases remains in the clearance space which will dilute the fresh incoming charge.Thus, in this type of engine, four strokes of the piston are required to complete the cycle, and the four strokes make two revolutions of the crankshaft. The operations are repeated over and over again in running the engine.发动机的组成发动机是汽车的重要组成部分，它为汽车提供行驶的动力，对汽车而言它就像心脏对人一样重要。
最全汽车行业术语英文翻译
最全汽车行业术语英文翻译1. 汽车类型- Sedan: 轿车- Hatchback: 掀背车- SUV (Sport Utility Vehicle): 运动型多功能车- MPV (Multi-Purpose Vehicle): 多功能车- Coupe: 轿跑车- Convertible: 敞篷车- Pickup: 皮卡车- Van: 面包车- Electric Vehicle (EV): 电动汽车- Hybrid Vehicle: 混合动力汽车2. 发动机和动力系统- Engine: 发动机- Horsepower (HP): 马力- Torque: 扭矩- Fuel Injection: 燃油喷射- Turbocharger: 涡轮增压器- Supercharger: 机械增压器- Cylinder: 气缸- Transmission: 变速器- Manual Transmission: 手动变速器- Automatic Transmission: 自动变速器- Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT): 连续变速器- Four-Wheel Drive (4WD): 四轮驱动- All-Wheel Drive (AWD): 全轮驱动- Electric Motor: 电动机- Battery Pack: 电池组3. 车身部件- Chassis: 底盘- Bodywork: 车身- Hood: 发动机盖- Trunk: 后备箱- Bumper: 保险杠- Fender: 车翼- Door: 车门- Windshield: 前挡风玻璃- Roof: 车顶- Spoiler: 尾翼- Headlights: 前灯- Taillights: 尾灯4. 汽车零部件- Brakes: 制动器- Suspension: 悬挂系统- Steering Wheel: 方向盘- Tires: 轮胎- Exhaust System: 排气系统- Air Conditioning: 空调系统- Radiator: 散热器- Battery: 电池- Alternator: 发电机- Starter Motor: 起动机- Fuel Pump: 燃油泵- Ignition System: 点火系统5. 汽车性能指标- Acceleration: 加速度- Top Speed: 极速- 0-60 mph Time: 0-96公里/小时加速时间- Fuel Efficiency: 燃油效率- Range: 续航里程- Curb Weight: 空载重量- Gross Vehicle Weight (GVW): 总重量- Wheelbase: 轴距6. 安全设备- Seatbelt: 安全带- Airbags: 气囊- Anti-lock Braking System (ABS): 防抱死制动系统- Electronic Stability Control (ESC): 电子稳定控制系统- Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS): 轮胎气压监测系统- Adaptive Cruise Control: 自适应巡航控制- Blind Spot Detection: 盲点监测以上是最全汽车行业术语的英文翻译，希望能对您有所帮助！。
汽车专业英语全文翻译
汽车工程专业英语全文翻译一当今的汽车一般都由15000 多个分散、独立且相互配合的零部件组成。
这些零部件主要分为四类：车身、发动机、底盘和电气设备。
Body：车身Engine：发动机Brakes：制动器Power train ：传动系Steering：转向系Electrical：电器及电子设备Suspension：悬架Layout of a passenger car：乘用车总布置Layout of a commercial vehicle ：商用车总布置1.1 车身汽车车身是由车窗、车门、发动机罩和行李箱盖焊接在金属板外壳发动机发动机作为动力装置。
最常见的发动机气缸的排列方式称为发动机配置。
直列式发动机的汽缸呈一列布置。
这个设计创造了一个简单的发动机缸体铸造。
在车辆应用中，汽缸数一般是2-6 缸，汽缸中心线与水平面垂直。
当汽缸数增多时，发动机尺寸和曲轴就成为一个问题。
解决这个问题的办法就是采用V 形（汽缸呈两列布置，且两列气缸之间夹角为V 形）发动机。
这个设计使发动机尺寸和曲轴都变得更短且更坚硬。
前置发动机纵向安装，既可前轮驱动也可后轮驱动。
后置发动机是将发动机安装在后轮后面。
发动机可横置或纵置，一般情况下为后轮驱动。
1.4 电气系统电气系统为起动机、点火系统、照明灯具、取暖器提供电能。
该电平由一个充电电路维护。
1.4.1 充电充电系统为所有汽车电子元件提供电能。
充电系统主要包括：蓄电池，交流发电机，电压调节器，即通常是交流发电机上不可或缺的，充电警告或指示灯和金属丝连成一个完整电路。
蓄电池为起动提供电能 ,然后发动机工作，交流发电机就为所有的电子元件提供电能。
同时也给蓄电池充电即用来使发动机起动。
电压调节器有过充保护作用。
1.4.2 起动起动系统包括：蓄电池、电缆、起动机、飞轮和换向器。
起动时，有两个动作同时运行，该起动机齿轮与飞轮齿圈啮合，并起动电机，然后运行传输到发动机曲轴。
起动机电机将起动机安装在发动机缸体上并由电池供电。
发动机英文及翻译
Motor vehicle suspension on the vehicle suspension system is a very important system. Not only does it affect the comfort of the car (ride), but also to other properties such as the adoption, as well as the stability of the attachment have a significant impact on performance, each of the suspension by the elastic components (buffers), body-oriented (from Chuan And stabilizing role), as well as shock absorbers (from the role of shock absorption). However, not all of the suspension must have three components. As long as we can play to the role of the three.Vehicle maintenance for the conservation network 1, flying the classification1. Non-independent suspension: on both sides of the wheel mounted ona total-vehicle-bridge, the train-bridge to fly through the frame and connected. This suspension structure is simple and reliable power-but by two rounds of shock and vibration affecting each other. But also because of the quality of flying non-serious suspension of the poor performance of the buffer, the vibration of a moving car, the greater the impact. The suspension generally used for trucks, buses and a number of other ordinary vehicles. (2) independent suspension: each individual through a set of wheels mounted on the body or suspension of vehicular bridge, the use of off-Axle, in the middle of a fixed frame or body; such wheel on both sides of the suspension by the shock Hubuyingxiang, but due to non-flying than by the quality; buffer with a strong shock absorption capacity, ride comfort. The indicators are better than non-independent suspension, but the complex structure of the suspension, but it also drive axle, steering system has become complicated. The use of such suspension of the following two categories of vehicles. Cars, buses and passenger vehicles. Can be improved ride comfort, and high speed when driving the car to improve stability.Off-road vehicles, military vehicles and mining vehicles. In a bad way and have no say under the circumstances, we can make sure all the wheels on the ground and contacts to enhance stability and driving the car attached, to play a speed of the car.2.Flexible yuan for the type of (1) of the leaf spring: the long-range multi-chip and curvature ranging from the composite plate. After installed at both ends of the natural upward curve. In addition to the leaf spring with a buffer, there is a certain degree of shock absorption, vertical layout also has a force-oriented, non-independent suspension using most of the leaf spring so flexible components, save-oriented devices and shock absorbers, simple structure . (2) of the coil spring: only a cushion for the multi-car independent suspension. In the absence of damping force and mass functions must also be equipped with special shock absorbers and device-oriented. (3) oil and gas spring: a flexible medium as a gas, liquid as a medium-power, which not only has a good buffer capacity, also has a role in shock absorption and at the same time frame of a high degree of regulation may also be applicable to the use of heavy vehicles and buses. (4), torsion bar springs; will be made under the torsion bar springs fixed at one end of the frame, on the other side through the arm and connected to the wheels, and beat at wheel torsion bar the use of reverse deformation played the role of buffer, is suitable for independent The use of suspension.3. the use of shock absorber tube shock absorbers, the use of oil in the small role to cut energy consumption vibration. Shock absorber and the upper body frame or connected with the lower end of the train-bridge connected. Most of the trip can be done and the compression of the dual role of the role of shock absorber.4.device-oriented: the flexibility in the independent suspension components, most of them can only transfer the vertical loads and can not transmit vertical and horizontal, must be a separate device-oriented. As noted, under the arm and vertical, horizontal stabilizer, and so on.5. non-independent suspension: before and after the truckswere non-independent suspension bridge, some vehicles such as buses and cars and so on, after the bridge is also a non-independent suspension. Each car of the sedan chair by hoisting two independent non-vertical arrangement of the composition of the leaf spring. Leaf spring fixed in the middle of the train-bridge, with the front end hinged frame or body, the back-end with the frame or body through the ear hanging hinged or connected to use of skateboards. Top of the frame with a shock absorber then, with the lower end of the next school Axle. The truck rear axle and more without shock absorbers.6. many types of independent suspension, coil spring as the use of flexible components. Torsion bar springs for the independent suspension is also divided into vertical and horizontal torsion torque Cup two-under. Although many of the advantages of an independent suspension, but the car would turn the system, the Department of driving and driving more complicated structure of the bridge.Keywords: structure of the engine engine performance merits of a direct impact on the performance of motor vehicles.First, the use of fuel by the different categories according to engine fuel, gasoline engine and the engine is divided into two major categories of diesel engines.1 .network Motor conservation maintenance, gasoline engine small size, light weight, low prices; good start, when the maximum power ofhigh-speed;work in a small vibration and noise; suitable for small and medium-sized car in particular, the use of high-speed car.Gasoline deflagration due to the restrictions can not be too high compression ratio, thermal efficiency and economy are not, such as diesel. Gasoline is a mixture of the main gas pipeline in the form over into the cylinder, compressed by the end of close to the spark plugs fire. The driver to speed up the adoption of the control pedal into the cylinder of the gas mixture to control the load on the engine, known as the volume of regulation. Gasoline engine’s fuel supply system and ignition system is a gasoline engine failure on the part of a higher proportion. Gasoline engine emissions of harmful material composition of carbon monoxide, carbon compounds and nitrogen oxides than diesel, and so on, but with the current electronically controlled fuel injection system and other exhaust gas purification devices, which have greatly improved. In addition, the gasoline engine’s torque characteristics are very suitable for automotive use, can significantly reduce the labor intensity of the driver.2. diesel and gasoline engine, diesel engine size, weight, high prices, poor start (especially when the low temperature); work more vibration and noise; easy to overload when the black smoke. Diesel is characterized by:1) the absence of the deflagration, as well as restrictions on the needs of the spontaneous combustion of diesel, diesel engine compression ratio high. Thermal efficiency and economy must be better than the gasoline engine.2) the same power, the diesel engine’s torque, maximum power at the time of low speed, suitable for the use of the truck.3) is a mixture of diesel engine cylinder internal form, no inlet throttle, the intake of small resistance. The driver to speed up the adoption of fuel injection control board, to change the engine load, known as the regulation of quality, as there is no problem of hypoxia, emissions of hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide content of less than gasoline.4) In the absence of the ignition system, as well as fuel supply device failure rate low. Therefore, failure to less than diesel gasoline engine.5) diesel engine torque characteristics are not suitable for car driving cycle needs, moving the stalls to use frequently, an increase of pilot labor intensity. The main diesel engine for use in medium and heavy vehicles.Second, the number of engine cylinder and arrangement of the engine cylinder displacement equal to the volume of work and.Increase in the number of cylinder engine will not only increase capacity, improve the engine output power, but also to enable the smooth operation of the engine to reduce noise and vibration. Hyundai Motor have adopted multi-cylinder engine. Mini-car for more than 3-cylinder engine, small trucks, passenger cars and medium-sized following for more than 4-cylinder engine; medium-sized trucks, large cars and buses for more than 6-cylinder engine; Heavy-Duty Truck General of 6-8 cylinder. 6-cylinderengine under a single row multi-cylinder in-line mode; 8-cylinder V-type engines for alignment; some of the cars in order to reduce engine height, length shortened, using V6, V8-type arrangement. Mini-car use of3-cylinder engine, most oblique way. In-line engine structure is simple and cheap. The disadvantage is that a high degree of the engine higher longer length.Is more a way. V-type engines with low height, short length, but the structure of the complex, more expensive price, suitable for large-scale engine. Water-cooled engine block using the whole cast. Small engines used aluminum alloy materials, large-scale multi-engine for the cast iron. Cylinder head bolts used in a fixed block on the plane, in addition to constitute a closed cylinder combustion room, into the exhaust, valves are installed, and spark plug valve, and so on.Third, the gasoline engine’s fuel supply 1, the fuel-supply system carburetor gasoline engine fuel supply line into carburetor andfuel-injection two major categories of carburetor main oil installations operating principle is:the work of the engine when the outside air In the cylinder under the suction air filter to filter through into the cylinder. When the air flow through the pipe section due to the smaller increase in the velocity and pressure led to the decline in a certain vacuum. Float on the interior of gasoline in the vacuum from the role of the main inlet into the spray nozzle, the gas emitted by high-speed air currents disperse into mist, known as fogging. And then to oil and oil-film evaporation space in the form of evaporation, and the airway had mixed into the air mixture into the cylinder. In order to achieve the economy, the main oil loading also uses the air brake. The main nozzle at the indoor air, and along with a few scheduled to open around the through-hole and air the same room. When the throttle opening gradually increases, the air hole graduallyconnected with the air. Not only reduces the vacuum so that the mixture-thinning, the main air nozzle is also beneficial to the atomization of gasoline. 2. electronically controlled fuel injection fuel-supply system carburetor fuel-supply device structure is simple, reliable, cheap, easy maintenance. But the biggest drawback is that it can not be precisely controlled mixture of concentration, resulting in incomplete combustion, emissions of harmful ingredients, do not meet the stringent requirements of environmental protection today. In addition, due to the existence of the pipe so that the air resistance increases. There is also the cylinder uneven distribution of gasoline and easy to produce and Qizu ice and so on. In order to solve these problems, 80 electronically controlled fuel injection system in the car engine on a wide range of applications more and more.electronically controlled fuel injection system advantages: electronically controlled fuel injection system (referred to as English EFI) has the following advantages:1. no matter under what conditions and in what conditions the engine can accurately control the mixture of concentration, To make gasoline burn completely full. This greatly reduces the emission of harmful components of content, also has an excellent combustion engine of the economy.2. can supply, ignition temperature, such as centralized control, so that the work of the engine performance, increased engine power output, lower fuel consumption.3. the engine can always operate in a stable condition in a variety of conditions so that all car drivers in accordance with the requirements of normal traffic.4. In the absence of pipes, a small air resistance. At the same time, difficult to produce Qizu, to the distribution of gas cylinder uniform, and so on. The shortcomings of the fuel injection system is the high cost structure of the complex and difficult to repair, and so on.electronically controlled fuel injection system of classification:1) by way of testing the air quality into the way traffic density and speed of the way the two categories.2) by way of fuel injection, the following two categories. According to the location of the jet, into intake manifold junction (SPI) and the jet intake manifold Department (MPI) are two jet, respectively, also known as single-point and multi-point injection jet.MPI is currently widely used in the way. Department of gasoline ignition gasoline engine ignition system are generally three categories: contact-type ignition system, electronic ignition system,computer-controlled ignition system.车辆悬架系统中的机动车辆悬架系统是一种非常重要的系统。
汽车英语翻译
汽车英语第一部分发动机一、汽车发动机Automobile Engines内燃机发动机是通过汽油和空气的混合而运行的，理想的空燃比是14.7份质量的空气和1份质量的汽油混合。
Internal combustion gasoline engines run on a mixture of gasoline and air. The ideal mixture is 14.7 parts air to one part of gasoline（by weight.）由于汽油比空气重得多，因此我们一直笼统地说成大量的空气和少量的燃油。
Since gas weights much more than air, we are talking about a whole lot of air and tiny bit of gas.当发动机点火后，一份被完全汽化的燃油和14.7份质量的空气混合，就能产生出巨大的动力。
One part of gas that is completely vaporized into 14.7 parts of air can produce tremendous power when ignited inside an engine.让我们来看一下现代发动机的工作原理。
Let’s see how the modern engine uses that energy to make the wheels turn.空气通过空气滤清器进入发动机，并进入节气门。
Air enters the engine through the air cleaner and proceeds to the throttle plate.通过油门踏板，你能控制经过节气门进入发动机的空气量。
空气然后通过进气歧管进入各个气缸。
根据不同的发动机类型，在空气滤清器后的某个部件，燃油通过燃料喷射系统或化油器（在老型号的汽车里）加入到气流中。
机械名词英译汉大全
机械名词英译汉大全机械行业是一个广泛的领域，其中包含了许多特定的名词和术语。
了解这些名词的英文翻译对于学习机械工程和通信非常重要。
本文将带您了解机械名词英译汉的大全，让您更好地掌握机械工程领域的专业术语。
A•Acceleration: 加速度•Actuator:执行器•Angular velocity: 角速度•Automation:自动化•Axis:轴B•Bearing:轴承•Bevel gear:锥齿轮•Bolt:螺栓•Bore:孔径•Bushing:套筒C•Cam:凸轮•Carrier:承载体•Clutch:离合器•Crankshaft:曲轴•Cylinder:气缸D•Deflection:挠曲•Die:模具•Drive:驱动•Dynamic:动态的E•Efficiency:效率•Elasticity:弹性•Encoder:编码器•Engine:发动机F•Fastener:紧固件•Fatigue:疲劳•Friction:摩擦•Fuel:燃料G•Gear:齿轮•Generator:发电机•Grinder:砂轮•Guide:导轨H•Heat exchanger:换热器•Hydraulic:液压的•Hose:软管•Hub:轮毂I•Idle:空闲的•Inertia:惯性•Inlet:进口•Implement:工具•Jack:千斤顶•Joint:接头•Junction:连接点•Jig:夹具K•Key:键•Kinematics:运动学•Knurling:滚花L•Laser:激光•Lever:杠杆•Lubricant:润滑剂•Lathe:车床•Machine:机器•Machining:加工•Maintenance:维护•Martensite:马氏体N•Nozzle:喷嘴•Newton:牛顿•Nonferrous:有色的•Nylon:尼龙O•Orifice:孔隙•Outlet:出口•Overload:过载P•Piston:活塞•Pulley:滑轮•Pressure:压力•Pneumatic:气动的Q•Quenching:淬火•Quick-release:快速释放•Quill:芯轴•Queue:队列R•Reducer:减速器•Reliability:可靠性•Rivet:铆钉S•Shaft:轴•Screw:螺丝•Spring:弹簧•Static:静态的T•Torque:力矩•Tolerance:公差•Thread:螺纹•Turbine:涡轮机U•Ultrasonic:超声的•Upset:擴頭•Uniform:均匀的•U-bolt:U形螺栓V•Velocity:速度•Valve:阀门•Vibration:振动•Vacuum:真空W•Welder:焊工•Worm gear:蜗杆齿轮•Welding:焊接•Wear:磨损X•X-axis:X轴•Xenon:氙气•X-ray:X射线•Xerography:静电复印Y•Yoke:夹具•Y-axis:Y轴•Yield strength:屈服强度•Yarn:纱线Z•Z-axis:Z轴•Zinc:锌•Zero clearance:零间隙•Zone:区域以上是机械名词英译汉大全，包含了机械工程领域中常见的名词和术语。
汽车起重机主要部件中英文对照
汽车起重机主要部件中英文对照————————————————————————————————作者：————————————————————————————————日期：汽车起重机主要部件中英对照随着越来越多的外资品牌起重机进入中国市场，汽车起重机行业的竞争也越来越激烈，用户的选择和需要接触的信息也越来越多。
用户在面对一款外国起重机产品手册时,往往束手无策。
本文将向大家介绍汽车起重机产品和各项性能的对照英文翻译，让你在面对英文版产品手册时也不再发愁。
汽车起重机整体结构(）中英文对照①副臂Bｏｏm ｗith extensiｏn②起重臂伸缩机构Boom telｅscopic③主臂Main ｂｏoｍ④变幅机构Lufｆiｎg⑤起升机构Ｈｏｉsｔ⑥卷扬马达Hoｉst motor⑦支腿机构Outrigｇer⑧回转机构Sｌewing⑨底盘Cｈａssis⑩液压系统Hyｄｒaulｉcs⑪驾驶室DriｖｅｒＣab一、汽车起重机外形尺寸(Mobile CranｅDｉｍensｉｏns）中英文对照接近角Approaｃh ａngｌe30离去角Dｅｐartｕre angle １0.5最小离地间隙2６０(320)轴距Ｗhｅel Base ３950高度Ｈeight3０80长度Lengｔh 84４0汽车地盘长度Chassis Length 7００２基础臂长Base boom length ６8001-支腿纵向跨距OuｔriggeｒLongiｔuｄｉｎａｌspan 2-2-支腿横向跨距Ｏutｒigger Trａｎｓverse ｓpan3-3、4-机身宽度WidｔｈCｒane Ｗｅigｈts起重机总重量Gｒosｓvehｉcｌｅweight （GVW) 车辆总重量(GVW)Ａxｌe Loａｄs桥负荷Sｔeering axｌe （aｘｌe 1) 转向桥(桥１)Ｄrｉｖe axle (axle 2）驱动桥(桥２）GrｏunｄCleａranｃｅｓ通过性参数Minimｕm ground cｌｅarａnｃe 最小离地间隙Raｍp angｌe 纵向通过角Aｐpｒoach angｌe 接近角Ｄepａrture ａnｇle离去角Ｗheｅl Basｅ轴距Distance bｅtween aｘle １aｎd 2 桥１和2 之间的距离WheeｌTrａcｋ轮距Ａｘle １桥1Axle 2 桥 2OｕtrigｇeｒDiｍensｉｏｎs支腿跨距Ｌongiｔudｉｎal sｐａn 纵向跨距Transvｅｒse sｐan横向跨距Outｒigｇer Forｃｅs 支腿反力Maxｉmuｍｃoｕｎterforce最大支反力Oｖerall Dimｅnｓions外形尺寸(Lｅngth x Width ｘHeiｇht) （长x 宽x高）技术描述Ｌifting Cａpacity 起重量Maximum raｔedｃapacityｆor maｉn hooｋ主钩额定起重量Ｍaxiｍｕmｌｏad momenｔ最大起重力矩Boom aｎd Ｃｏｍponｅｎts 主臂和零件Ｐrofile截面形状Ｎｕmｂer of sectｉｏnｓ节数Baｓe ｂｏom ｌengｔh基本臂长度Ｂaｓｅboom ｍaximｕm ｌift heｉgｈｔ基本臂最大起升高度Ｂａse boｏm maｘimｕm workｉｎg radius基本臂最大作业半径Fuｌly extendｅd boｏm ｌeｎｇｔh全伸臂长度Fully exｔenｄed boom maｘimｕm lifｔheｉｇhｔ全伸臂最大起升高度Fｕlｌyｅｘｔeｎdｅd bｏoｍmaｘｉｍuｍworking radius全伸臂最大作业半径Jｉｂ副臂Jｉｂleｎgth副臂长度Ｓlｅwinｇspｅed回转速度Winch Perｆorｍaｎcｅ起升机构工作速度Maiｎhoist – 3rd laｙer –ｓingle rope speed主卷扬- 第三层－单绳速度Craｎe Boom Funcｔion Ｓpeeｄs 起重臂工作速度Elevatioｎ– up起臂Elｅｖaｔｉon – dｏwn落臂Ｆｕｌｌeｘtensioｎ全伸Ｆuｌｌｒetract全缩Ouｔriｇｇer Fuｎcｔｉon Speeｄs 支腿工作速度Sｉｍuｌtaneous full ｅｘtenｓion同步伸出Simｕltaneous fｕlｌretｒaｃt同步收缩Outriggｅr Cｏntｒolｓ支腿操纵Duaｌouｔrｉgｇer conｔrols– LH anｄRH siｄe支腿操纵- 左侧和右侧Ａmｂiｅnt ｗorkinｇtｅｍｐeｒatｕｒe作业温度ＥnginｅanｄTranｓｍission 发动机和变速箱Ｅnｇine发动机Emｉssion coｍpｌiance排放标准Ｎumber of cyｌinderｓ缸数Aspiratioｎ进气Rated poｗｅr额定功率Maｘｉmuｍｔｏrque最大扭矩Ｅstiｍａｔｅｄfｕｅl cｏnsumptiｏn per １00 km100 kｍ油耗Fuel type燃油类型Fuel tanｋcapacity燃油箱容积Manual geaｒbox手动变速箱Hｙdｒaulics 液压装置Combined system witｈduａl pｕmp带有双泵的组合系统Ｈydｒａulic coｎtrols:液压控制:Ｍechａnｉｃaｌ，ｍｕｌti-ｌever conｔroｌs机械式，多杆控制底盘基本构造1-发动机Enｇinｅ2-离合器Cluｔh3-变速箱Ｔrａnsｍiｓsion Case4-万向节UniｖｅrsａｌFlanｇe5-后桥壳Rear Axle Hｏusing6-差速器Dｉffｅrential7-半轴AｘleＳhaft8-后桥Rear Ａxlｅ9-中桥IｎtｅrｍedｉａtｅAxｌe10-主减速器Rｅｄucer11-传动轴DriveＳhaｆｔEnｇineChasｓis aｎｄＣｏmpoｎeｎts 底盘及其部件Ａxｌe ｄriveｓyｓteｍ桥驱动系统Mｉnimuｍturning raｄｉuｓ最小转弯半径Maximum gradeａｂiliｔy最大爬坡度Mａxiｍuｍtraveling speed最高行驶速度Drｉｖer Ｃab 驾驶室Dｏｎg Fengｔrｕck cａb东风卡车驾驶室Adjustabｌe driver seａt调式司机座椅可Fiｔｔｅd witｈheaｔeｒ加热器OpeｒaｔｏｒCａb 操纵室Adjｕｓｔａbｌe ｓeat可调式座椅Ergonomｉcally placed switchｅs anｄgauges开关和仪表的布置符合人机工程学Recｉrcuｌａtiｏn faｎ循环风扇主要参数表最大起重量Max.RａtｅｄLifｔiｎg Ｃapacity最大起升高度Max.Lifｔｉng Height主臂Main Boｏm副臂JibM最大起升力矩aｘ．Ｈoiｓting Moｍｅｎｔ最大起升速度(单绳) Ｍax.Lｉftiｎg Rope Ｓpeed 回转速度SlewinｇSpeｅd外形尺寸Qｕtline Dimensiｏn整机重量Wｅight Ｄaｔａ底盘号Chaｓｓis Model发动机型号Ｄiesel Modｅl发动机功率Mａx．Power ｏｆenglinｅ最大扭矩Maｘ.Ｔorque of engine最小转弯半径Miｎ.TuriｎｇRaｄｉus最大爬坡度Max．Gradeabiｌitg最高行驶速度Mａx.Trａve LiｎｇSpｅed接近角AppｒｏacｈAngle离去角Angｌe ｏｆDｅparｔure支腿距离(纵向×横向）Qutriｇgｅrs Di Stａnce。
【机械类文献翻译】发动机的分类和总体结构
外文翻译1 Engine Classification and Overall MechanicsThe automobile engines can be classified according to :1.number of cylinders ;2.arrangement of cylinders ;3.arrangement of valves ;4.type of cooling ;5.number of cycles (two or four );6.type of fuel burned ;7.type of ignition .The engine is the source of power that makes the wheels go around and the car move .the automobile engine is an internal-combustion engine because the fuel (gasoline ) is burned inside it .the burning of gasoline inside the engine produces high pressure in the engine combustion chamber .this high pressure in the engine combustion chamber .this high pressure forces piston to move ,the movement is carried by connecting rods to the engine crankshaft .the crankshaft is thus made to rotate ;the rotary motion is carried through the power train to the car wheels so that they rotate and the car moves .The engine requires a fuel system to supply it with a mixture of air and fuel .the fuel system does this by pumping liquid gasoline from tank into the carburetor a mixing device that mixes the gasoline with air .the mixture is delivered to engine where it is burned.The engine also needs a cooling system, the combustion of the air-fuel mixture in the engine creates a very high temperature (as high as 2000 to 2700 C).the cooling system take heat away from the engine by circulating a liquid coolant (water mixed with antifreeze ) between the engine and a radiator .the coolant gets hot as it goes through the engine .it cools off as it goes through the radiator. Thus ,the coolant continually takes heat away from the engine ,where it could do damage ,and delivers it to the radiator. Air passing though the radiator takes heat away from the radiator.The engine also includes a lubricating system. The purpose of the lubricating system is to supply all moving parts inside the engine with lubricating oil ;the oil keeps moving parts from wearing excessively .The engine requires a fourth system ,the ignition system. The ignition system provides high-voltage electric sparks that ignite, or set fire to ,the charges of air-fuel mixture in the engine combustion chambers.The fifth is starting system and its purpose is to change the electrical current into the mechanical energy to push the crank-shaft around. By means of this ,the engine can be started.2 Four –stage –engine OperationThe action taking place in the engine cylinder can be divided into four stages ,or strokes. Store refers to piston movement ;a stroke occurs when the piston moves from one limiting position to the other. The upper limit of piston movement is called TDC (top dead center ). The lower limit of piston movement is called BDC (bottom dead center ). A stroke is piston movement from TDC to BDC or from BDC to TDC. In other words ,the piston completes a stroke each time it changes its direction of motion .Where the entire of events in the cylinder requires four strokes (or two crankshaft revolution ),the engine is called a four-stroke-cycle engine ,or a four-cycle engine. The four piston strokes are intake ,compression power ,and exhaust .Intake stroke. On the intake stroke ,the intake valve has opened ,the piston is moving downward ,and a mixture of air and vaporized gasoline is entering the cylinder through the valve port. The mixture of air and vaporized gasoline is delivered to the cylinder by the fuel system and carburetor .Compression stroke. After the piston reaches BDC ,or the lower limit of its travel ,it begins to move upward. As this happens ,the intake valve closes. The exhaust valve is also closed ,so that the cylinder is sealed. as the piston moves upward (pushed now by the revolving crankshaft and connecting rod ),the air-fuel mixture is compressed. By the time the piston reaches TDC ,the mixture has been compressed to as little as one-tenth of its original volume ,or even less. This compression of the air-fuel mixture increases the pressure in the cylinder. When the air-fuel mixture is compressed ,not only does the pressure in the cylinder go up ,but the temperature of the mixture alsoincreases .Power stroke. As the piston reaches TDC on the compression stroke ,an electric spark is produced at the spark plug. The ignition system delivers a high-voltage surge of electricity to the spark plug to produce the spark.. The spark ignites, or air-fuel mixture. It now begins to burn very rapidly ,and the cylinder pressure increases to as much as 3-5MPa or even more. This terrific push against the piston forces it downward ,and a power impulse is transmitted through the connecting rod to the crankpin on the crankshaft .the crankshaft is rotated as the piston is pushed down by the pressure above it .Exhaust stroke. As the piston reaches BDC again ,the exhaust valve opens. Now ,as the piston moves up on the exhaust stroke ,it forces the burned gases out of the cylinder through the exhaust-valve port. Then ,when the piston reaches TDC ,the exhaust valve closes and the intake valve opens. Now a fresh charge of air-fuel mixture will be drawn into the cylinder as the piston moves down again toward BDC. The above four strokes are continuously repeated.3 Two –stage-engine OperationIn the four-stroke-cycle engine ,already discussed in Lesson 1,2,the complete cycle of events requires four piston strokes (intake ,compression ,power and exhaust ). In the two-stroke-cycle ,or two-cycle ,engine ,the intake and compression strokes and the power and exhaust strokes are in a sense combined. This permits the engine to produce a power stroke every two piston strokes ,of every crankshaft rotation .In the two-cycle engine ,the piston acts as a valve ,clearing valve ports in the cylinder wall as it nears BDC .A fresh air-fuel charge enters through the intake port ,and the burned gases exit through the exhaust port. The complete cycle of operation is as follows: as the piston nears TDC, ignition takes place. The high combustion pressures drive the piston down ,and the trust through the connecting rod turns the crankshaft. As the piston nears BDC, it passes the intake and exhaust ports in the cylinder wall. Burned gases ,still under some pressure ,begin to streamout through the exhaust port. At the same time ,the intake port ,now cleared by the piston ,begins to deliver air -fuel mixture ,under pressure to the cylinder. The top of the piston is shaped to give the incoming mixture an upward movement. This helps to sweep the burned gases ahead and out through the exhaust port.After the piston has passed through BDC and starts up again ,it passes both ports ,thus sealing them off. Now the fresh air-fuel charge above the piston is compressed and ignited. The same series of events takes place again and continue as long as the engine runs.We mentioned that the air-fuel mixture is delivered to the cylinder under pressure. In most engines, this pressure is put on the mixture in the crankcase. The crankcase is sealed except for a leaf ,or reed ,valve at the bottom. The reed valve is a flexible flat metal plate that rests snugly against the floor of the crankcase. There are holes under the reed valve that connect to the engine carburetor. When the piston is moving up , a partial vacuum is produced in the sealed crankcase. Atmospheric pressure lifts the reed valve off the holes ,and air-fuel mixture enters the crankcase. After the piston passes TDC and starts down again , pressure begins to build up in the crankcase. This pressure closes the reed valve so that further downward movement of the piston compresses the trapped air-fuel mixture in the crankcase. The pressure which is built up on the air-fuel mixture then causes it to flow up through the intake port into the engine cylinder when the piston moves d own far enough to clear the intake port.The two-stroke engine is not only very simple but gives nearly twice the power of a four stroke engine from a cylinder of given size, but it is wasteful of gasoline, as some mixture inevitably finds its way into the exhaust system on the combines intake /exhaust stroke , and there are always some combustion products left in the cylinder which reduce the rapid burning of the fuel. This kind of engine is always used in motorcycles.4 Engine Cylinder Block Crankcasewe have seen how the mixture of air and fuel is delivered by the fuelsystem to the engine cylinder ,where it is compressed ,ignited ,and burned. We have noted that this combustion produces a high pressure that pushes the piston down so that t he crankshaft is rotated. Now let us examine the various parts of the engine in detail .Engine cylinder block.The cylinder block of liquid-cooled engines forms the basic framework of the engine. Other parts are attached to the cylinder block or are assembled in it. The block is cast in one piece from gray iron or iron alloyed with other metals ,such as nickel or chromium. Some blocks are cast from aluminum. The block contains not only the cylinders but also the water jackets that surround them. In aluminum blocks ,cast-iron of steel cylinder sleeves (also called bore liners ) are used. There metals have better wearing qualities than aluminum and can better withstand the wearing effect of the pistons and rings moving up and down in the cylinders. For most engines ,cast iron has been found to be a satisfactory cylinder-wall material. However , in some small engines ,the cylinder walls are plated with chromium ,a very hard metal ,to reduce wall wear and lengthen their life .Cylinder Head.The cylinder head is usually cast in one piece from iron , from iron alloyed with other metals , or from aluminum alloy. Aluminum has the advantage of combining head tends to run cooler , other factors being equal. There are two types of head ,L head and I head. Cylinder head contains water jackets for cooling ; in the assembled engine , cylinder-block water jackets. Spark-plug holes are provided ,along with pockets into which the valves can move as they open .Gaskets.The joint between the cylinder block and the head must be tight and able to withstand the pressure and heat developed in the combustion chambers. The block and head can not be machined flat and smooth enough to provide an adequate seal. Thus , gaskets are used. Head gaskets are made of thin sheets of soft metal or of asbestos and metal. All cylinder , water ,valve ,and head-bolt openings are cut out. When the gasket is placed on the block and the head installed , tightening of the head bolts (or nuts )squeezes the soft metal so that the joint is effectively sealed.Gaskets are also used to seal joints between other parts, such as between the oil pan , manifolds ,or water pump and the block .Oil Pan.The oil pan is usually formed of pressed steel it usually holds 5 to 10 liters of oil , depending on the engine design. The oil pan and the lower part of the cylinder block together are called the crankcase ; they enclose ,or encase ,the crankshaft. The oil pump in the lubricating system draws oil from the oil pan and sends it to all working parts in the engine. The oil drains off and runs down into the pan. Thus ,there is constant circulation of oil between the pan and the working parts of the engine.5 Piston Connecting Cod piston.The piston is essentially a cylindrical plug that moves up and down in the engine cylinder. It is equipped with piston rings to provide a good seal between the cylinder wall and piston. The piston absorbs heat from the gas ,and this heat must be carried away if the metal temperature is to be held within safe limits. The constant reversal of the piston travel sets up inertia forces ,which increase both with the weight of the piston and with its speed. For this reason , designers try to keep piston weight low ,particularly in high speed engines. As lower hood lines and over square engines became popular , the semi-slipper and full-slipper pistons was reduced to three ,two compression and one oil-control. One reason for the slipper piston is that ,o the short stroke ,over square engine ,the piston skirt had to be cut away to make room for the counterweights on the crankshaft. Also ,the slipper piston ,being shorter ad having part of its skirt cut away ,is lighter. This reduces the inertia load on the engine bearings and ,in addition ,make for a more responsive engine. The lighter the piston ,the less the bearing load and the longer the bearings will last. Another way to lighten the piston is to make it of light metal. The ideal piston material would be light and strong ,conduct heat well ,expand only slight when heated ,resist wear ,and be low in cost. Thus most automotive-en gibe pistons today are made of aluminum ,which is less that half as heavy as iron. Iron pitons were common in the earlier engines. Aluminum expands more rapidly than iron with increasing temperature ,however more rapidly than iron withincreasing temperature ,however ,and since the cylinder block is of iron ,special provisions must be made to maintain proper piston clearance at operating temperature. To take care of it ,the crown is machined on slight taper ,the diameter being greatest where the crown meets the skirt and becoming less toward the top .Piston. RingsA good seal must be maintained between the piston and cylinder wall to prevent blow-by. Blow-by is the name that describes the escape of burned gases from the combustion chamber ,past the piston ,and into the crankcase. In other words ,these gases blow by the piston. It is not practical to fit the piston to the cylinder closely enough to prevent blow-by. Thus ,piston rigs must be used to provide the necessary seal. The ring are installed in grooves in the piston. Actually ,there are two type of rings ,compression rings and oil-control rings. The compression rings seal in the air-fuel mixture as it is compressed and also the combustion pressures as the mixture burns. The oil-control rings scrape off excessive oil excessive oil from the cylinder wall and return it to the oil pan .The ring have joints (they are split )so that they can be expanded and slipped over the piston head and into the recessed grooves cut in the piston. Rings for automotive engines usually have butt joints, but in some heavy-duty engines, the joints may be angled ,lapped ,or of the sealed type.The rings are somewhat larger in diameter than they will be when in the cylinder. then ,when they are installed, they are compressed so that the joints are nearly closed. Compressing the rings rives them an initial tension ;they press tightly against the cylinder wall.Connecting Rod .The connecting rod is attached at one end to a crankpin on the crankshaft and at other end to a piston, through a piston pin or wrist pin. the connecting rod must be very strong and rigid and also as light as possible. the connecting rod carries the power thrusts from the piston to the crankpin. At the same time ,the rod is in eccentric motion. To minimize vibration and bearing loads ,the rod must be light in weight. To maintain good engine balance ,connecting rods and caps are carefully matched in sets for engines. All rods in an engine must be of equal weight ; if theyare not ,noticeable vibration may result. In original assembly ,rods and caps are individually matched to each other and usually carry identifying numbers so they will not be mixed if the engine is disassembled for service. They must not be mixed during any service job ,since this could result in poor bearing fit and bearing failure.6 TireTire have two functions. First ,they interpose a cushion between the road and the car wheels to absorb shocks resulting from irregularities in the road. The tire flex ,or give ,as bumps are encountered ,thus reducing the shock effect to the passengers in the car. Second ,the tires provide frictional contact between the wheels and the road so that good traction is secured. This permits the transmitting of power through the tire to the road for rapid accelerating ,combats the tendency of the car to skid on turns ,and allows quick stops when the brakes are applied.Tire ate of two basic types ,solid and pneumatic (air-filled ). Solid tires have very limited usage ,being confined largely to specialized industrial applications. Pneumatic tires are of two types ,those using an inner tube and the tubeless type. The amount of air pressure used depends on the type of tire and operation. Passenger-car tire inflated to about 275to 413k Pa. Air is introduced into the tire (or inner tube ) through a valve that opens when the chuck on the air hose if applied. On the tire with an inner tube ,the valve is mounted on the tube. On the tubeless tire ,the valve is mounted on the wheel rim.7 Steering SystemThe purpose of the steering system is guiding the car where the driver wants it to go It consists of steering wheel ,steering ,shaft ,worm ,gear ,sector ,pitmanarm ,drag link ,steering knuckle arm ,king pin steering knuckle arm ,kingpin ,steering arms ,tie rod ,front axle and steering knuckle . they enable the car to change the direction by means of turning and moving forth and back.Actually ,the steering system is composed of two elements ,a steering gear at the lower end of the steering column and linkage between thee gear and the wheel steering knuckles. The steering system permits the front wheels to be pivoted on their supports to the right or left so that rue car can be steered. This movement isproduced by gearing and linkage between the steering wheel in front of the driver and the steering knuckle (or wheel ).The steering gear is a device for converting the rotary motion of the steering wheel into straight-line motion (of linkage ). Essentially ,the steering gear consists of two parts ,a worm on the end of the steering shaft and a pitman arm shaft on which there is a gear sector ,toothed roller ,or stud. The gear sector ,toothed roller ,or stud meshes with the worm.Many types of steering linkage have been made to connect between the steering knuckles of the font wheels and the pitman arm of the steering gear. The pitman arm swings from one side to the other ( or forward and backward on some cars ) as the steering wheel is turned. This movement must be carried to the steering knuckles at thee wheels by some form of linkage. All have some means of adjusting the lengths of the tie rods or links so that proper alignment can be established between the front wheels. This alignment gives the front wheels a slight toe-in when the car begins to move forward ,this toe-in practically disappears as all looseness ,or slippage ,in the steering system is taken up .The steering wheel is mounted on a steering shaft that extends into the steering gear. The bottom end of the shaft has a worm gear that rotates as the wheel is turned. A gear sector is meshed with the worm gear ; rotation of the worm gear causes the gear sector to rotate. This movement causes the pitman arm , attached to the sector ,to swing to the right or left .this action, in turn ,pushes or pulls on the tie rods attached to the pitman arm. The steering-knuckle arm ,attached to the front wheels ,are therefore forced to swing the wheel to the right or left on their pivots.There are two general types of power steering. One type is self-contained ,with all hydraulic pressure applied to the pitman arm shaft. The other type uses a standard type gearbox with a power cylinder attached to the linkage system. The self-contained type is currently in widespread usage. Both kinds of power steering systems are actuated by oil pressure. The pressurized oil is admitted to either side of the power cylinder as controlled by a valuing setup. Oil pressure is provided by a high pressure oil pump that ,generally is belt driven by the engine.1发动机的分类和总体结构汽车发动机可以按以下几种情况分类：1、按气缸的数量分类；2。
汽车发动机外文文献翻译中英文参考
汽车发动机外文文献翻译(含：英文原文及中文译文)文献出处：Talom M. AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2013, 2(3):39-45.英文原文AUTOMOTIVE ENGINETalom M1 Engine Classification and Overall MechanicsThe automobile engines can be classified according to: (1) cycles, (2) cooling system, (3) fuel system, (4) ignition method, (5) valve arrangement, (6) cylinder arrangement, (7) engine speed.Engines used in automobiles are the internal combustion heat engines. The burning of gasoline inside the engine produces high pressure in the engine combustion chamber. This high pressure force piston to move, the movement is carried by connecting rods to the engine crankshaft. The crankshaft is thus made to rotate: the rotary motion is carried through the power train to the car wheels so that they rotate and the car moves.The engine requires four basic systems to run (Fig. 2-1). Diesel engines require three of these systems. They are fuel system, ignition system (except diesel), lubricating system andcooling system. However, three other related systems are also necessary. These are the exhaust system, the emission-control system, and the starting system. Each performs a basic job in making the engine run.2 Engine Operating PrinciplesThe term “stroke” is used to desc ribe the movement of the piston within the cylinder. The movement of the piston from its uppermost position (TDC, top dead center) to its lowest position (BDC, bottom dead center) is called a stroke. The operating cycle may require either two or four strokes to complete. Most automobile engines operate on the four stroke cycle.In four-stroke engine, four strokes of the piston in the cylinder are required to complete one full operating cycle. Each stroke is named after the action. It performs intake, compression, power, and exhaust in that order.The intake strokeThe intake stroke begins with the piston near the top of its travel. As the piston begins its descent, the exhaust valve closes fully, the intake valve opens and the volume of the combustion chamber begins to increase, creating a vacuum. As the piston descends, an air/fuel mixture is drawn from the carburetor into the cylinder through the intake manifold. The intake stroke endswith the intake valve close just after the piston has begun its upstroke.Compression strokeAs the piston is moved up by the crankshaft from BDC, the intake valve closes. The air/fuel mixture is trapped in the cylinder above the piston. Future piston travel compresses the air/fuel mixture to approximately one-eighth of its original volume (approximately 8:1 compression ratio) when the piston has reached TDC. This completes the compression stroke. Power strokeAs the piston reaches TDC on the compression stroke, an electric spark is produced at the spark plug. The ignition system delivers a high-voltage surge of electricity to the spark plug to produce the spark. The spark ignites, or sets fire to, the air/fuel mixture. It now begins to burn very rapidly, and the cylinder pressure increases to as much as 3-5MPa or even more. This terrific push against the piston forces it downward, and a powerful impulse is transmitted through the connecting rod to the crankpin on the crankshaft. The crankshaft is rotated as the piston is pushed down by the pressure above it.Exhaust strokeAt the end of the power stroke the camshaft opens theexhaust valve, and the exhaust stroke begins. Remaining pressure in the cylinder, and upward movement of the piston, force the exhaust gases out of the cylinder. At the end of the exhaust stroke, the exhaust valve closes and the intake valve opens, repeating the entire cycle of events over and over again.3 Engine Block and Cylinder HeadEngine BlockThe engine block is the basic frame of the engine. All other engine parts either fit inside it or fasten to it. It holds the cylinders, water jackets and oil galleries (Fig. 2-4). The engine block also holds the crankshaft, which fastens to the bottom of the block. The camshaft also fits in the block, except on overhead-cam engines. In most cars, this block is made of gray iron, or an alloy (mixture) of gray iron and other metals, such as nickel or chromium. Engine blocks are castings.Some engine blocks, especially those in smaller cars, are made of cast aluminum. This metal is much lighter than iron. However, iron wears better than aluminum. Therefore, the cylinders in most aluminum engines are lined with iron or steel sleeves. These sleeves are called cylinder sleeves. Some engine blocks are made entirely of aluminum.Cylinder SleevesCylinder sleeves are used in engine blocks to provide a hard wearing material for pistons and piston rings. The block can be made of one kind of iron that is light and easy to cast while the sleeves uses another that is better able to stand up wear and tear.There are two main types of sleeves: dry and wet (Fig. 2-5).Dry sleeve Wet sleeveCylinder HeadThe cylinder head fastens to the top of the block, just as a roof fits over a house. The underside forms the combustion chamber with the top of the piston. In-line engine of light vehicles have just one cylinder head for all cylinders; larger in-line engines can have two or more. Just as with engine blocks, cylinder heads can be made of cast iron or aluminum alloy. The cylinder head carries the valves, valve springs and the rockers on the rocker shaft, this part of valve gear being worked by the pushrods. Sometimes the camshaft is fitted directly into the cylinder head and operates on the valves without rockers. This is called an overhead camshaft arrangement.GasketThe cylinder head is attached to the block with high-tensile steel studs. The joint between the block and the head must begas-tight so that none of the burning mixture can escape. This is achieved by using cylinder head gasket. Gaskets are also used to seal joins between the other parts, such as between the oil pan, manifolds, or water pump and the blocks.Oil PanThe oil pan is usually formed of pressed steel. The oil pan and the lower part of cylinder block together are called the crankcase; they enclose, or encase, the crankshaft. The oil pump in the lubricating system draws oil from the oil pan and sends it to all working parts in the engine. The oil drains off and run down into the pan. Thus, there is a constant circulation of oil between the pan and the working parts of the engine.4 Piston Assembly, piston rings, The piston pin ,Connecting Rods, Crankshafts And FlywheelPistonPiston rings and the piston pin are together called the piston assembly.The piston is an important part of a four-stroke cycle engine. Most pistons are made from cast aluminum. The piston, through the connecting rod, transfers to the crankshaft the force created by the burning fuel mixture. This force turns the crankshaft.To withstand the heat of the combustion chamber, the piston must be strong. It also must be light, since it travels at high speeds as it moves up and down inside the cylinder. The piston is hollow. It is thick at the top where it takes the brunt of the heat and the expansion force. It is thin at the bottom, where there is less heat. The top part of the piston is the head, or crown. The thin part is the skirt. Most pistons have three ring grooves at the top. The sections between the ring grooves are called ring lands.piston ringsPiston rings fit into ring grooves near the top of the piston. In simplest terms, piston rings are thin, circular pieces of metal that fit into grooves in the tops of the pistons. In modern engines, each piston has three rings. (Piston in older engines sometimes had four rings, or even five.) The inside surface of the ring fits in the groove on the piston. The ring's outside surface presses against the cylinder walls. Rings provide the needed seal between the piston and the cylinder walls. That is, only the rings contact the cylinder walls. The top two rings are to keep the gases in the cylinder and are called compression rings. The lower one prevents the oil splashed onto the cylinder bore fro m entering the combustion chamber, and is called an oil ring.The piston pinThe piston pin holds together the piston and the connecting rod. This pin fits into th e piston pin holes and into a hole in the top end of the connecting rod. The top end of t he rod is much smaller than the end that fits on the crankshaft. This small end fits inside the bottom of the piston. The piston pin fits through one side of the piston, through the small end of the rod, and then through the other side of the piston. It holds the rod firmly in place in the center of the piston. Pins are made of high-strength steel and have a hollow center. Many pins are chrome-plated to help them wear better. A piston pin fits into a round hole in the piston. The piston pin joins the piston to the connecting rod. The thick part of the piston that holds the piston pin is the pin boss. Connecting RodsThe connecting rod little end is connected to the piston pin.A bush made from a soft metal, such as bronze, is used for this joint. The lower end of the connecting rod f its the crankshaft journal. This is called the big end. For this big-end bearing, steel-backed lead or tin shell bearings are used. These are the same as those used for the main bearings. The split of the big end is sometimes at an angle, so that it is small enough t o be withdrawn through the cylinder bore. The connecting rod ismade from forged alloy steel.CrankshaftsThe crankshaft is regarded as the “backbone” of the engine (Fig. 2-7). The crankshaft, in conjunction with the connecting rod, converts the reciprocating motion of the piston to the rotary motion needed to drive the vehicle. It is usually made from car-bon steel which is alloyed with a small proportion of nickel. The main bearing journals fit into the cylinder block and the big end journals align with the connecting rods. At the rear end of the crankshaft is attached the flywheel, and at the front end are the driving wheels for the timing gears, fan, cooling water and alternator. The throw of the crankshaft, . the distance between the main journal and the big end centers, controls the length of the stroke. The stroke is double the throw, and the stroke length is the distance that the piston travels from TDC to BDC and vice versa.中文译文汽车发动机Talom M1发动机分类和一般力学（1）循环，（2）冷却系统，（3）燃料系统，（4）点火方法，（5）阀门布置，（6）气缸布置，（7）发动机速度。
飞机各部件英文翻译
runway 跑道
omnirange radio beacon 全向式无线电航空信标
fuel depot 燃料库
control tower 塔台
tarmac 停机坪
radio beacon 无线电信标
boarding check 登机牌
plane ticket 飞机票
turbofan jet 涡轮风扇飞机
turboprop 涡轮螺旋桨飞机
turbojet 涡轮喷射飞机
transport plane 运输机
helicopter 直升机
supersonic 超音速
hypersonic 高超音速
transonic 跨音速
subsonic 亚音速
启动结束 --Start complete
断开地面设备-- Disconnect ground equipment
插销移开 --Ping Remoed
稍等 --Standby
稍等启动-- Standby for start
稍等推出-- Standby for pushback
flight, flying 飞行
bumpy flight 不平稳的飞行
smooth flight 平稳的飞行
ramp 扶梯
altitude, height 高度
air route, air line 航线
extra flight 加班
economy class, tourist class 经济座
passenger cabin 客舱
propeller 螺旋桨
pressurized cabin 密封舱
摩托配件英语翻译（中英文）
摩托配件英语翻译终点线finish lineA/C风扇A/C Fan把手grip半圆键woodruff ket被动皮带盘总成drive pulley assembly被动皮带盘总成DRIVE PULLEY ASS''Y2本田Honda边灯sidelight变光开关switch dimmer变速杆gearshift lever变速箱盖mission cover变速箱盖垫片mission cover gasket冰道赛Ece Racing冰跑道比赛ice track racing波司垫片Washer财大气粗的车队big-budget team草地摩托车赛grass track racing草地赛Grass Track侧光片REFLECT PANEL侧三轮摩托车side car侧支架side kickstand侧支架Side bracket侧支架SIDE STAND侧支架弹簧spring side kickstand柴油车黑烟净化器Diesel ParticulateFilter超越离合器总成start clutch outer assembly 超越离合器总成START CLUTCH OUTER ASS''Y车把(含拉杆、螺母）handlebar i ncluding pull leverand nuts车把(含拉杆、螺母）handlebar i ncluding pull lever&nuts车架frame车架标牌NAME PANEL车架挡泥板fender of frame body车架挡泥板FENDER, FRAME BODY车前灯head light车身螺丝螺帽screws and nuts车身贴花sticker车速表speedometer车体打造(改装) Car Body Building(Refitting)车头锁HEAD LOCK车作减震橡胶垫seat damper rubber 衬套drive face boss撑脚kick stand触媒转化器Catalytic Converter川崎Kawassaki传动比drive radio传动功率drive efficiency传动盘油封driven face seal传动盘总成driven face assembly传动盘总成DRIVEN FACE ASS''Y传感器sensor从动皮带盘CLUTCH OUTER大灯headlights大灯（及灯耳）HEAD LIGHT (WITH SUPPORT)大灯开关switch headlight大灯远光指示beam大型商用车(3.5吨以上) Heavy Duty Commercial Car (More Than 3.5Tons)代号code numbers带流线型外壳的重型摩托车（1000cc）heavy motorcycle with fairing（1000cc）怠速调整idle adjuster单撑side stand单位油耗量unit oil comsumptio amount弹簧spring弹簧轴环SPRING COLLAR导流罩cover front h andle导流罩cover front h andle-Black导流罩cover front h andle-Red导流罩cover front h andle-Silver导流罩cover front h andle-Y ellow倒计时countdown灯光light低档轮出油output shaft low gear低座小型摩托车motor scooter底盘车Chasis Truck第二道活塞环piston ring 2nd第一道活塞环PISTON RING SET点火开关IGNITION SWITCH点火器ingnition switch点火器CDI COPM点火装置ignition unit电池盒底battery box bottom电池盒盖battery box cover电池连接线battery line电动脚踏车scooter电机盒后平叉After the flat fork电机盒Electrical Box电瓶BA TTERY电启动按钮eletric starter button电启动开关switch electric start垫圈THRUST WASHER吊架橡胶衬套rubber调节器Regulator调压整流器RECTIFIER碟刹摩擦片Rub piece顶销cap starting roller spring定位梢10*6 DOWEL PIN 10*6定位销DOWEL PIN堆高机Forklift发动机engine发动机实验记录曲线engine's tested record curve阀门valve反冲式启动器kick starter反光镜MIRROR方向镙母STEERING NUT方向轴承STEERING BEARING防雾挡风玻璃anti-mist windscreen飞轮flywheel compose飞轮FLYWHEEL COMP飞轮Flywheel飞轮环齿轮Ring G ear o f Flywheel废气burned gas废气回收管EGR Tube分电器触电间隙distributor point gap风镜goggles风门choke风扇Fan蜂鸣器buzzer负荷carrying capacity副水箱Auxiliary Radiator副线缆vice wire harness富油fuel rich盖形镙母CAP N UT高档轮出油output shaft top gear高压包ignition coil高压包coil to spark plug高压包IGNITION COIL搁脚架Étripod 隔热板垫片CARB. INSULA TOR GASKET 隔热层heat shield隔叶块spacer工具袋tool bag工具箱tool case工具箱盖cover of tool case工作点火顺序firing order公里/小时km/h公路竞赛road racing公路赛road race攻丝螺钉tapping screw共鸣箱Resonator固定梢dowel pin挂档杆gear lever挂勾HOOK挂件FRONT SUSPENDER滚导梢roller guide pin滚针轴承needle bearing滚针轴承NEEDLE BRG滚子roller滚子roller guide pin国际摩托车联盟FIM后避震器下端衬套rr. Cush und bush rubber后挡板back piece后挡泥板rear fender后挡水板rear smaller fender后观镜rear view mirror后减震rear suspension后减震REAR CUSHION后轮总成REAR WHEEL后内挡泥板rear inner fender后泥板fender of rr后泥板前段（尾翘、挡水皮）REAR MUD FENDER （R）后泥板尾段REAR FENDER后平叉rear fork后踏板back pedal后尾rear molding后衣架rear carrier后制动REAR BRAKE后制动臂REAR BRAKE ARM后制动开关TAIL LIGHT SWITCH后制动拉杆RAER BRAKE ROD后转向灯支架REAR TURN LIGHT SUPPORT花键轴Spline滑动从动皮带盘组MOV ABLE DRIVEN FACE COMP滑动驱动盘组movable drive face assembly 滑动驱动盘组MOV ABLE DRIVE FACE ASS''Y化油器carburetor化油器接口垫（胶垫和纸垫）carburetorpad(glue pad&paper pad)化油器型号carburetor type化油器总成carburetor assembly化油器总成CARBURETOR ASSY环境卫生车Garbage Truck环形赛车场round circuit缓冲体总成BUFFER换档杠杆change lever活塞Piston活塞衬套Piston Liner活塞环Piston Ring活塞环端间隙Piston ring end gap活塞肖Piston Pin活塞与汽缸间隙Piston clearance火花塞spark plug火花塞PLUG SPARK火花塞间隙调整spark gap adiustment机油oil机油帮浦Oil Pump机油泵盖板oil separater机油泵盖板OIL SEPARA TER机油泵驱动链轮oil pump driven sprocket 机油泵驱动链条oil pump driven chain机油泵驱动链条OIL PUMP CHAIN机油泵总成oil pump assembly机油泵总成OIL PUMP ASS''Y机油尺Oil Level Gauge机油尺导管Oil Level Gauge Tube机油规格oil specification机油滤清器Oil Filter机油滤网Oil Strainer计时赛race技术指导techincal director继电器支架RELAY SUPPORT减震缸damper cyclinder减震器shock absorber减震橡胶垫suspension rubber washer脚踏板floor p anel 搅拌车Mixer Truck轿车PassengerCar节流阀Throttle V alve节温器Thermostat近光L·(light)进气intake进气管总成inlet pipe assembly进气管总成INLET PIPE ASS''Y进气门inlet valve进气门摇臂轴in rocker arm shaft c ompose进气门摇臂轴IN ROCKER ARM SHAFT COMP进气歧管Intake Manifold竞赛型双人座racing style twin seat卡子CLIPER卡座镙栓BOLT OF CLIPER SEA T空滤器（工具盒）AIR CLEANER空气滤清器air filter空气滤清器Air Cleaner空气滤清器导管Air Intake Tube空气滤清器盖Air Cleaner Cover空气滤蕊Air Cleaner Element快---慢fast---slow快---慢H---L喇叭HORN喇叭开关switch horn冷车cold冷冻车Freezer Car冷气客车Air-Conditioned Car冷却风扇cooling fan compose冷却风扇COOLING FAN C OMP冷却风扇盖总成fan cover assembly冷却风扇盖总成FAN C OVER ASS''Y冷却系统Cooling System离合器clutch离合线CLUTCH CABLE COMP里程计缆线speedometer cable里程线SPEEDOMETER CABLE ASSY立管STEERING STEM沥青路asphalt road连杆Connecting Rod连杆轴承片Connecting Rod Bearing练习赛practice session链盒CHAIN CASE链条DRIVE CHAIN链条chain链条导片cam chain guide compose链条调整器总成tensioner lifter a ssembly链条调整器总成TENSIONER LIFTER ASS''Y 链条扣chain link链条张力器cam chain tensioner两轮摩托车：motorbicycle铃木Suzuki流线型比赛用摩托车（500cc）streamlined racing motorcycle（500cc）六角缘面螺栓6*50 flange sh bolt 6*50六日赛Six Day Trail龙头HANDLE PIPE路用车road motor cycle轮出油output shaft轮毂rim轮毂轴/轴套rim axle/spaces螺钉bolt type screw螺帽screw cap螺帽ＣＭ12 flange nut CM12螺母Nut螺栓8mm special bolt 8MM每分钟转数R·P·M面板cover set, fender top面板上装饰条upper decorated mould of front p anel面板上装饰条upper decorated mould front p annel面板下装饰条down decorated mould of front p anel面板下装饰条down decorated mould front p annel面板装饰灯decorated light of front p anel面板装饰灯decorated light front p annel摩托车motorbike摩托车：motorcycle, motorbike摩托车球赛Moto Ball摩托车手motorcyclist摩托车手的全套衣帽装备harness年度最佳新秀Rookie of the Y ear扭力杆Torsion Bar排气exhaust排气管Exhaust Pipe排气门exhaust valve排气门摇臂轴ex rocker arm shaft c ompose 排气门摇臂轴EX. ROCKER ARMSHAFT排气歧管Exhaust Manifold牌照牌number plate跑道赛Speeding Way喷油嘴Injection Nozzle皮带张力器Tensioner皮靴boot平叉REAR FORK启动继电器START RELAY启动继电器START RELAY启动开关starting switch起点线start line起动从动齿轮(20T) kick start driven gear(20T) 起动惰扇形齿轮总成starter idle gear assembly 起动惰扇形齿轮总成STARTER IDLEGEAR ASS''Y起动减速齿轮starter reduction gear起动减速齿轮轴starter reduction gear shaft起动马达motor assembly start气缸cylinder气缸盖cylinder head气门弹簧垫片washer气门弹簧座V ALVE SPRING RETAINER气门间隙valve stem clearance气门间隙调整螺母tappet adjust nut气门间隙调整螺丝tappet adjust screw气门内弹簧valve inner spring气门内弹簧V ALVE INNER SPG气门锁夹valve cotter气门外弹簧valve outer spring气门外弹簧V ALVE OUTER SPG气门摇臂valve rocker ram气门油封STEM SEAL V ALVE汽车类Automobile汽缸衬套Cylinder Liner汽缸垫片cylinder gasket汽缸体Cylinder Block汽缸头(盖) Cylinder Head汽缸头垫片cylinder head gasket汽缸头盖head cover compose汽缸头盖HEAD COVER COMP汽缸头盖垫圈head cover gasket汽门V alve汽门弹簧V alve Spring汽门导管V alve Guide汽门锁V alve Cotter汽门摇臂V alve Arm汽门摇臂盖Rocker Cover汽门座V alve Seat汽油滤清器fuel filter汽油箱fuel tank千斤CHAIN ADJUSTER前叉front f ork前叉合件front f ork attachment前挡水板front s maller fender前毂刹FRONT DRUM前后转向灯TURNING LIGHT前减震FRONT SHOCK ABSORBER前轮总成FRONT WHEEL前面板front p anel前面板front p anel-black前面板front p anel-red前面板front p anel-silver前面板front p anel-yellow前泥板front f ender前刹线FRONT BRAKE CABLE COMP 前围front m old前尾FRONT MOLDING前照灯罩cover of head light前制动器front brake前置物箱盖frong luggage cover轻型摩托车（250cc）lightweight motorcycle（250cc）倾卸车Dumper Truck曲轴Crankshaft曲轴功率crankshaft power曲轴皮带盘Crankshaft Pulley曲轴箱垫片crank case gasket曲轴轴承片Crankshaft Bearing曲轴转速crankshaft rotate speed 驱动板总成drive plate a ssembly驱动板总成DRIVE PLA TE ASS''Y驱动弹簧driven face spring全车标件STANDARD PARTS全车电缆CABLE ASSY全车胶RUBBERS全车贴花LABELS全用途摩托车all terrain vehicles, A TV’s 缺油fuel lean燃料系统Fueling System燃油fuel 燃油帮浦Fuel Pump燃油管Fuel Pipe燃油规格fuel specification燃油滤清器Fuel Filter燃油密度fuel density热车hot润滑系统Lubrication System赛场工作人员clerk of the course赛车场circuit赛车道track赛车跑道speedway三寸套BUSHS三簧LITTLE SPRING三角板UPER JOINT OF FR FORK 散热片cooling ribs散装车Bulk T ruck沙道赛Sand Racing沙质跑道sand track刹把整套brake level a ssembly刹车杆brake rod刹车片固定销pin brake shoe anchor 刹车线brake cable山地比赛mountain racing闪光器FLASHER上坡ascent上下垫片WASHER上止点T·D·C上止点前B·T·D·C时规炼条/皮带Timing Chain/Belt时规炼条/皮带外盖Timing C hain/Belt Cover实验人员experimenter手把套handle grip手套gloves栓、销pin栓线测试仪key cable techometer双撑mainstand水帮浦Water Pump水管Water Hose水冷却器water cooler水冷式发动机water cooled engine水泥跑道竞赛cement track racing水箱Radiator水箱风扇Radiator Fan水箱水管Radiator Hose水箱支架Radiator Mounting说明书OWNER‘S MANUAL四缸摩托车（400cc）four cyclinder machine（400cc）四轴AXLES速度表speed meter塑料件fairing踏板Pedal特殊螺帽28mm special nut 28MM通气导板L.crank case cover plate通气管breather tube头盔helmet头盔锁HELMET LOCK凸轮轴cam shaft c ompose凸轮轴Camshaft凸轮轴链轮Sprocket Camshaft拖板车Pallet Truck拖车Trailer瓦斯车LPG Car外包螺帽casing cap外胎&内胎outer tire &inner tube外特性outer characteristic尾部信号灯rear indicator light尾灯TAIL LIGHT尾灯总成tail light assembly五档轮出油output shaft 5th gear熄火开关start switch下止点B·D·C下止点前B·B·D·C线夹CABLE HOLDER线圈stator compose箱盖连接件connecting piece of luggage cover 消防车Fire Fighting Truck消声器MUFFLER消声器muffler消声器垫washe muffle消音器Exhaust Muffler小型商用车(3.5吨以下)Light Duty Commercial Car (LessThan 3.5 Tons)休旅车Recreational V ehicle (RV)修理站pit雅马哈Y amaha亚普里亚车Aprilia摇臂前叉front s wing fork摇臂轴Rocker Arm Shaft 曳引车Tractor Truck液罐车Refueling T ruck医疗顾问medical director仪表speedmeter仪表METER仪表壳cover meter仪表壳COVER METER仪表罩cover rear handle仪表支架METER SUPPORT引擎Engine引擎波司Engine Bush引擎吊架橡胶衬套engine hanger rubber bush 引擎零件Engine Parts引擎修理包Engine Gasket Kits英里/小时MP/h油底壳Oil Pan油封oil seal油封27*2 OIL SEAL 27*2油封套环seal collar油壶&油壶盖 oil tank / oil tank cap 油环组合piston ring oil油环组合PISTON RING OIL油门线THROTTLE CABLE COMP油门线oil wire油箱Fuel Tank油箱oil tank油箱、侧盖标牌HARDED LABELS 油箱浮筒Gauge Fuel Tank油箱锁FUEL TANK LOCK游乐车fun右把座R. HOUSING ASSY右边条right side cover右边条R.mould右侧板right side cover-bLack右侧板right side cover-red右侧板right side cover-silver右侧板right-side cover-yellow右喇叭开关switch horn R.右平叉罩right cover rear fork右曲轴箱R.crank case右曲轴箱R. CRANK CASE6右曲轴箱盖总成R. crank case cover assembly 右转R·(turn)远光H·(light)远近光开关switch lighting远近光开关switch distance light越野车off-road motor cycle越野摩托车cross country motorcycle越野赛Motocross运钞车Armor Cash Carrier运转工作run闸线螺母brake cable nut张力器螺丝总成cam chain tensioner pivot assembly 障碍检验赛Trail罩盖A总成shroud A assembly罩盖A总成SHROUD A ASS''Y整车Finished Automobile正时链条cam chain正时链条CAM CHAIN止动板stopper plate c ompose止动板STOPPER PLA TE COMP止推垫片Thrust Washer中华夏杏China 夏杏中冷水温medium cold water temperature重垂滚子组weight roller compose轴承bearing轴承6002RADIAL BALL BEARING 6002轴承6004RADIAL BALL BEARING 6004轴承6301 radial ball bearing 6301主动轮扇叶盘drive face主线缆mainwire harness主线缆MAIN WIRE HARNESS主支架MAIN STAND主支架mainkickstand主支架Mast主支架Mast主支架弹簧spring mainkickstand转动轴drive shaft转速线TACHOMETER CABLE ASSY 转弯turn转向灯开关switch winker转向开关switch turning light装饰套decorate cover追逐赛chase自排车用滤油器Oil Filter for Automatic Transmission 总成线integration lines总线harness最大扭拒max·torque最大输出功率max·out put最高速度max·speed最终齿轮轴组final gear shaft a ssembly最终齿轮轴组FINAL GEAR SHAFT ASS''Y左把座L. HOUSING ASSY左边条left side cover左边条L.mould左边条LEFT SIDE COVER左侧板left side cover-black左侧板left side cover-red左侧板left side cover-silver左侧板left side cover-yellow左喇叭开关switch horn L左平叉罩left cover rear fork左曲轴箱L. crank case左曲轴箱盖L. crank case cover左曲轴箱盖L. CRANK CASE COVER左曲轴箱盖垫片L.cover gasket左曲轴箱盖垫片L. COVER GASKET左右侧盖SIDE COVER左右轴档（含球架）L &R axle bumper左转L·(turn)坐垫seat坐垫锁板lock-plate座垫saddle座桶seat cask摩托车操纵件开关上的英文字母分为四大类:1、转向指示灯类。
汽车改装-中英文对照表
汽车改装专业术语中英文翻译引擎机动力改装部分：进气管==Intake空气过滤器==冬菇头/风格==air filter排气管==尾喉/死气喉==Exhause消音器==mufeler机油冷却器==oil cooler火花塞==火嘴==spark plug火嘴线==spark plug wires阀门==滑老/哗佬==valve滑轮==pully活塞==piston曲轴==crankshaft凸轮轴==cam shaft气门弹簧==滑老弹弓==valve spring涡轮增压==turbo charger机械增压==super charger中冷==inter cooler放气阀门==放气哗佬==blow-off valve废气阀门==wastgate压力控制器==水喉制==boost controller喷油嘴==大唧咀==Injector头批==头焦/芭蕉==down pipe行车电脑==ECU制动悬挂部分：轮圈/轮毂==车铃==Rim刹车碟==迫力碟==rotor活塞卡钳==鲍鱼==caliper刹车片==迫力皮/来令片==brake pad避震==suspention(避震分为弹簧/弹弓==spring 和减震桶==shock 两部分）整套避震又叫coilover波子塔顶==Pillow Ball Top Mounts防倾杆==平衡杠==sway bar用在车里的加强杆==tower bar用在车底的加强杆==搂巴==lower arm bar传动部分：末齿比==大尾牙==Final Drive差速器==LSD离合器==极力子==clutch飞轮==flywheel车身部分：大包围==bodykit（车头==front bumper, 车尾==rear bumper, 车别裙==side skirt)尾翼==sopiler车头盖==hood （两种不同材质：碳纤维==carbon fiber, 玻璃钢==firberglass)关于改装很多人都有兴趣，改装就是在原车的基础上让车的性能更加发挥，首先你要了解车的每部分的构造和原理，才能更好的把握自己的车改装的方向，让车的潜力完全的发挥出来。
一站到底题库及答案
一站到底题库及答案一站到底题库及答案在一站到底这个节目上，店铺是学到不少知识了，不知道小朋友学到了什么呢?下面店铺为大家分享最新的一站到底题库及答案，快来看看吧!1、柴油发动机由进气门进入气缸的是: CA.可燃混合气B.雾化柴油C.新鲜空气2、化油器回火的原因有: CA.混合气过稀B.点火时间过迟C.混合气过浓3、发动机产生突爆的原因有: BA.点火过迟B.发动机温度过高C.所用汽油辛烷值过高4、汽油发动机的燃料供给系不供油或供油不畅的原因有: AA.汽油泵失效或油路严重堵塞B.燃烧室积炭过多C.空气滤清器太脏5、排除柴油机飞车的方法有: AA.停止供油B.停止供电C.加速排除废气6、汽车冬季使用时，应注意使发动机水温: CA.低于40度B.超过50度C.超过90度7、蓄电池电解液的液面高度一般是: AA.高于极板15-20毫米B.高于极板20-25毫米C.与极板平即可8、汽车转弯时，差速器可以使两侧车轮转速: AA.外大于内B.内大于外C.相等9、汽油标号的大小，抗爆性能的高低确定是由: CA.热值B.十六烷值C.辛烷值10、可燃混合气过浓的原因是: BA.阻风门处于打开位置B.空气滤清器太脏或加入机油过多C.气门烧蚀或关闭不严11、汽油泵的作用是将汽油泵入: BA.气缸B.化油气喉管C.化油气浮子室12、机油压力表指示的压力是: AA.主油道中的机油压力B.曲轴箱中的机油压力C.机油泵进油腔中机油压力13、冬季收车后，为了防止发动机冷却水结冰，必须放水，放水时应: CA.打开各放水开关B.用手摇柄转动曲轴、加速冷却水的排出C.打开各放水开关、打开散热器盖14、蓄电池应在什么时候向发动机点火系及其它用电设备供电: AA.发动机启动或低速运转时B.发动机中速运转时C.发动机高速运转时15、蓄电池液面降低时，必须及时的补充: BA.电瓶水B.蒸馏水C.自来水16、减震器作用是当汽车受到震动冲击时使震动得到: CA.增加B.消失C.缓和17.法拉利的365GT4的驱动形式是? CA. FRB. MRC. RRD. FF18.最先应用涡轮增压技术于汽车上的厂商是那家公司? AA 绅宝B 宝马69 、作为汽车元年是哪一年? AA、1886年B、1885年C、1900年70、汽车工业的鼻祖是 AA、苯茨和戴姆勒B、脱威迪克C、亨利.福特71、首次推出了流水装配线的大量作业方式是哪个公司 AA、福特汽车公司B、大众汽车公司C、宝马汽车公司72、德国大众汽车公司生产的大众牌轿车是由世界上最早的甲虫型汽车演变而来的，其标志中采用了叠加的VW字样，VW是 A A德文大众车的缩写 B、英文大众车的缩写 C、西班牙文大众车的缩写73、德国大众汽车公司生产的奥迪(AUdi)轿车标志是4个连环圆圈，它是其前身--汽车联合公司于1932年成立时即使用的统一车标、4个圆环表示 AA、当初是由霍赫、奥迪、DKW和旺德诺4家公司合并而成的、B、公司成员平等、互利、协作的亲密关系和奋发向上的敬业精神C、质量、速度、效益、安全74、汽车的最高速度是 AA、1190千米/小时B、1000千米/小时C、304米/小时75、中国汽车的第一个中外合资企业是 BA、上海大众B、北京吉普C、广州本田19、安全气囊的英文缩写是什么? SRS20、一般汽车的座位数是几个? 五个21.首次成功地试制出世界上第一台柴油机的人是谁狄塞尔22.劳斯莱斯品牌是否生产过拖拉机? 是23、汽油发动机上有干燥剂吗? 没有24.GPS是什么的缩写? 全球卫星定位系统25. 东风汽车集团公司的翻译是。
内燃机的英文单词
内燃机的英文单词单词：internal combustion engine1. 定义与释义1.1 词性：名词1.2 释义：一种将燃料在其内部燃烧产生的热能转化为机械能的发动机。
1.3 英文释义：An engine that converts the heat energy generated by the combustion of fuel inside it into mechanical energy.1.4 相关词汇：combustion（名词，燃烧），engine（名词，发动机），fuel（名词，燃料）---2 起源与背景2.1 词源：“internal combustion engine”是由描述其工作原理的词语组合而成，“internal”表示内部，“combustion”表示燃烧，“engine”表示发动机，随着工业革命的推进，人们对动力需求的增加促使了这种发动机的研发与发展。
2.2 趣闻：早期内燃机的研发过程充满了各种尝试与挑战。
例如，德国发明家尼古拉斯·奥托在1876 年成功研制出第一台实用的四冲程内燃机，这一发明为现代汽车工业奠定了基础，当时很多人都惊叹于这种能将燃料高效转化为动力的神奇装置，它的出现逐渐改变了人们的出行和运输方式，让世界变得更小、联系更紧密。
---3 常用搭配与短语3.1 短语：- internal combustion engine vehicle：内燃机汽车例句：Most of the cars on the road today are internal combustion engine vehicles.翻译：如今道路上大多数汽车都是内燃机汽车。
- internal combustion engine maintenance：内燃机保养例句：Regular internal combustion engine maintenance can extend its service life.翻译：定期的内燃机保养可以延长其使用寿命。
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3 power stroke
The end of the compression stroke, mounted on the cylinder head of the spark plug to produce the spark, the cylinder and mixed flammable gas ignition, flame spread rapidly through the combustion chamber, and release a lot of heat. Combustion gas and the rapid expansion of the volume, pressure and temperature rise rapidly. Under the action of the air pressure, the piston from TDC to BDC, and through the connecting rod to drive the crankshaft to rotate to work. Then, in, the exhaust valve remains closed. ""
2.压缩Байду номын сангаас程
进气行程结束后，曲轴继续带动活塞由下止点移至上止点。这时，进、排气门均关闭。随着活塞移动，气缸容积不断减小，气缸内的混合气被压缩，其压力和温度同时升高。
3.作功行程
压缩行程结束时，安装在气缸盖上的火花塞产生电火花，将气缸内的可燃混合气点燃，火焰迅速传遍整个燃烧室，同时放出大量的热能。燃烧气体的体积急剧膨胀，压力和温度迅速升高。在气体压力的作用下，活塞由上止点移至下止点，并通过连杆推动曲轴旋转作功。这时，进、排气门仍旧关闭。
Four stroke reciprocating piston internal combustion engine in the four piston travel to complete the intake, compression, power and exhaust four processes, i.e. in a piston travel only a process. Therefore, the stroke of the piston are four processes named.
Reciprocating piston internal combustion engine working chamber called the cylinder, the inner surface of the cylinder. In the cylinder for reciprocating motion of the piston through the piston pin and one end of the connecting rod is hinged, the other end of the connecting rod is connected with the crankshaft, form the crank connecting bar mechanism. Therefore, when the piston in the cylinder for reciprocating motion, the connecting rod drives the crankshaft to rotate, or the opposite. At the same time, a working chamber volume is also constantly from the smallest to the largest, again by the maximum to minimum, so the cycle. The top end of the cylinder by cylinder lid closure. The cover of the cylinder is provided with the inlet valve and exhaust valve, intake, exhaust valve head down tail up upside down in the cylinder top. Through the inlet, exhaust valve opening and closing to within the cylinder to cylinder exhaust gas and. Inlet, exhaust valve opening and closing is controlled by a camshaft. Cam shaft by the crankshaft via a toothed belt or a gear or chain drive. Inlet, exhaust valve and the cam shaft and other parts composed of gas distribution mechanism. Often called the structural form of the gas distribution mechanism for overhead valve mechanism. Modern car engines are invariably uses overhead valve mechanism. To form the cylinder parts called cylinder body, supporting the crankshaft parts called the crankcase, cylinder block and crankcase casting body known as the body.
In 1 the intake stroke
The crankshaft in a piston driven by the TDC to bdc. When closing the exhaust valve, intake valve opening. In the process of moving piston, cylinder volume gradually increases, the cylinder to form certain vacuum degree. The mixture of air and gasoline through the intake valve is sucked into the cylinder, and the cylinder is further mixed to form a combustible mixture. ""
4.排气行程
排气行程开始，排气门开启，进气门仍然关闭，曲轴通过连杆带动活塞由下止点移至上止点，此时膨胀过后的燃烧气体(或称废气)在其自身剩余压力和在活塞的推动下，经排气门排出气缸之外。当活塞到达上止点时，排气行程结束，排气门关闭。
Working principle
One, four stroke gasoline engine working principle
工作原理
一、四冲程汽油机工作原理
四冲程往复活塞式内燃机在四个活塞行程内完成进气、压缩、作功和排气等四个过程，即在一个活塞行程内只进行一个过程。因此，活塞行程可分别用四个过程命名。
1.进气行程
活塞在曲轴的带动下由上止点移至下止点。此时排气门关闭，进气门开启。在活塞移动过程中，气缸容积逐渐增大，气缸内形成一定的真空度。空气和汽油的混合物通过进气门被吸入气缸，并在气缸内进一步混合形成可燃混合气。
内燃发动机的构造及工作原理
The structure and working principle of internal combustion engine
往复活塞式内燃机的工作腔称作气缸，气缸内表面为圆柱形。在气缸内作往复运动的活塞通过活塞销与连杆的一端铰接，连杆的另一端则与曲轴相连，构成曲柄连杆机构。因此，当活塞在气缸内作往复运动时，连杆便推动曲轴旋转，或者相反。同时，工作腔的容积也在不断的由最小变到最大，再由最大变到最小，如此循环不已。气缸的顶端用气缸盖封闭。在气缸盖上装有进气门和排气门，进、排气门是头朝下尾朝上倒挂在气缸顶端的。通过进、排气门的开闭实现向气缸内充气和向气缸外排气。进、排气门的开闭由凸轮轴控制。凸轮轴由曲轴通过齿形带或齿轮或链条驱动。进、排气门和凸轮轴以及其他一些零件共同组成配气机构。通常称这种结构形式的配气机构为顶置气门配气机构。现代汽车内燃机无一例外地都采用顶置气门配气机构。构成气缸的零件称作气缸体，支承曲轴的零件称作曲轴箱，气缸体与曲轴箱的连铸体称作机体。
发动机
将内能转化成动能的机构称之为发动机，汽车发动机的形式主要是以气缸和活塞作为转换机构的内燃机。根据燃料以及点火形式的不同可分为汽油机或柴油机，或有以氢气、天然气、石油气为燃料的发动机，其燃烧形式与汽油机差异较小。根据工作循环与活塞冲程特性划分，又可分为两冲程与四冲程发动机，
Engine
2 compression stroke"
After the intake stroke, the crankshaft continues to drive the piston only by the shift of the top dead point. At this time, inlet, exhaust valves are closed. Along with the movement of the piston, the cylinder volume decreases, mixing gas in the cylinder is compressed, its pressure and temperature increase.