高考名词性从句讲解（二）

高考名词性从句讲解（二）高考名词性从句讲解(二)（转）高考名词性从句讲解在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句。

它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

名词性从句是中学阶段的一个重要语法项目，在历年的高考中几乎都涉及到，并且每年的命题各有变化。

分析历届高考试题名词性从句考查的焦点主要有以下六个方面1. 考查名词性从句的语序问题2. 考查引导词that与what 的区别3. 考查it在名词性从句中作形式主语或形式宾语的用法4. 考查whether与if的区别5. 考查名词性从句中的疑问词+ever引导的名词性从句与no matter+疑问词引导的状语从句的区别6. 考查名词性从句的虚拟语气问题语法要点剖析一、名词性从句主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句，在整个句子中所起的作用，相当于一个名词。

因此，这四种从句通称为名词性从句。

引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：连接词：that, whether, if （不充当从句的任何成分）连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which.连接副词：when, where, how, why1. 主语从句作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。

主语从句通常由从属连词that，whether，if和连接代词what，who，which，whatever，whoever 以及连接副词how，when，where，why等词引导。

that在句中无词义，只起连接作用；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分。

例如：What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。

It is known to us how he became a writer. 我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。

Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced.英语晚会将在哪里举行，还没有宣布。

有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。

主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。

常用句型如下：（1）It + be + 名词 + that从句（2）It + be + 形容词 + that从句（3）It + be + 动词的过去分词 + that从句（4）It + 不及物动词 + that 从句另注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should) +do”，常用的句型有：It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that …It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.) that…It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that…2. 宾语从句名词句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。

引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样，在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。

1. 由连接词that引导的宾语从句由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。

例如：He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. 他已经告诉我他明天要去上海。

We must never think (that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing.我们决不能认为自己什么都好，别人什么都不好。

注意：在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist, desire, demand, request, command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“（should）+ 动词原形”。

例如：I insist that she (should) do her work alone. 我坚持要她自己工作。

The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once. 司令员命令部队马上出发。

2. 用who，whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。

例如： I want to know what he has told you. 我想知道他告诉了你什么。

She always thinks of how she can work well. 她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。

She will give whoever needs help a warm support. 凡需要帮助的人，她都会给予热情的支持。

3. 用whether或if引导的宾语从句，其主语和谓语的顺序也不能颠倒，仍保持陈述句语序。

此外，whether与if 在作“是否”的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能用whether，不用if：a. 引导主语从句并在句首时；b. 引导表语从句时；c . 引导从句作介词宾语时；d. 从句后有“or not”时；e. 后接动词不定式时。

例如： Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question.月球上有没有生命是个有趣的问题。

Everything depends on whether we have enough money. 一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。

4. 注意宾语从句中的时态呼应，当主句动词是现在时，从句根据自身的句子情况，而使用不同时态。

例如： he studies English every day. （从句用一般现在时）he studied English last term. （从句用一般过去时）I know (that) he will study English next year. （从句用一般将来时）he has studied English since 1998. （从句用现在完成时）当主句动词是过去时态（could, would除外），从句则要用相应的过去时态，如一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时等；当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，则从句仍用现在时态。

例如：The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America．5. think, believe, imagine, suppose等等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中，要把上述主句中的动词变为否定式。

即将从句中的否定形式移到主句中。

例如：We don’t think you are here. 我们认为你不在这。

I don’t believe he will do so. 我相信他不会这样做。

3. 表语从句在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。

引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样，表语从句位于连系动词后，有时用as if 引导。

其基本结构为：主语 + 系动词 + that从句。

例如：The fact is that we have lost the game. 事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。

That is why he didn’t come to the meeting. 那就是他为什么不到会的原因。

It looks as if it is going to rain. 看上去天要下雨了。

需要注意的，当主语是reason时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because。

例如：The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning4. 同位语从句同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。

同位语从句通常由that引导，可用于同位语从句的名词有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。

例如：The news that we won the game is exciting. 我们赢得这场比赛的消息令人激动。

I have no idea when he will come back home. 我不知道他什么时候回来。

The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill. 他想到可能玛丽生病了。

同位语从句和定语从句的区别：that作为关系代词，可以引导定语从句，充当句子成分，在从句中作宾语时可以省略；that引导同位语从句时，起连词的作用，没有实际意义，不充当句子成分，一般不能省略。

试比较下面两个例句:I had no idea that you were here．（that引导同位语从句，不能省略）Have you got the idea（that）this book gives you of life in ancient Greece？（that引导定语从句，作宾语，可以省略）名词性从句专项练习100题1. His success was because of ________ he had been working hard.A. thatB. the fact whichC. the fact thatD. the fact2. “Is Mary from New York City” “I don't know _______.”A. from what city does she come fromB. from what city she comeC. what city does she come fromD. whatcity she comes from3. ________ makes mistakes must correct them.A. WhatB. ThatC. WhoeverD. Whatever4. The reason why I didn't go to Shanghai was ________ a new job.A. because I gotB. because of gettingC. I gotD. that I got5. It worried her a bit ____ her hair was turning grey.A. whileB. thatC. ifD. for6. Henry killed the dog. I'll ask him why ________.A. did he do thatB. he did thatC. he didD. he has done so7. Have you seen Henry lately My boss wants to know ________.A. how he is getting alongB. how is he getting alongC. what he is getting alongD. what is he getting along8. It is generally considered unwise to give a child ____ he or she wants.A. howeverB. whateverC. whicheverD. whenever9. He asked me ________ with me.A. what is the troubleB. what wrong wasC. what was the matterD. what trouble it is10. I am sure ________ he said is true.A. thatB. about thatC. of thatD. that what11. When and why he came here ________ yet.A. is not knownB. are not knownC. has not knownD. have not bee12. I wonder how much ________.A. does the watch costB. did the watch costC. the watch costedD. the watch costs13. Mary is ________ someone might recognize her.A. afraid ofB. afraid aboutC. afraid thatD. afraid for14.________ is no reason for dismissing her.A. Because she was a few minutes lateB. Owing to a few minutes lateC. The fact that she was a few minutes lateD. Beinga few minutes late15. They came to the conclusion ________ by a computer.A. that not all things can be doneB. because of not all things be doneC. being not all things can be doneD. because not all things can be done16. Why the explosion occurred was ________ the laboratory attendant had been careless.A. forB. becauseC. sinceD. that17. I don't doubt ________ he'll come.A. thatB. ifC. whatD. whether18. —“Why did you go to the wrong class, Mr. Wang”—“Well, I forget _______ I was supposed to go to.”A. which the roomB. which roomC. what was the roomD. what room was it19. Output is now six times ________ it was before liberation.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. of which20. Mary: Helen is a mere washer woman, yet she's now buying a big house.Carol: Yes. Because she's always saved ________.A. what little she earnsB. how little she earnsC. for little she earnsD. with little she earns21. ______ surprised me most was ______ such a little boy of seven could play the violin so well.A. That…whatB. What…thatC. That…whichD. What…which22. We gave him ________ help we could.A. whichB. whatC. thatD. this23. She is pleased with what you have given him and ________ you have told him.A. thatB. whichC. all whatD. all that24. Excuse me would you please tell me ________A. when the sports meet is taken placeB. when is the sports meet going to be heldC. when is the sports meet to beginD. when the sports meet is to take place25. Do you happen to know ________A. what size shoes he wearsB. how big shoes he wearsC. what is the size of his shoesD. what number shoes are his26. This book will show you ________ can be used in other contexts.A. how you have observedB. how what you have observedC. that you have observedD. how that you have observed27. Where do you think ________A. has he goneB. has he beenC. he's goneD. was he28. Do you know ________A. how many populations there are in the worldB. how much population there is in the worldC. how many the population of the world isD. what the population of the world is29. Would you go and see ________ outsideA. what to take placeB. what Tom has happenedC. what is happeningD. what the matter had been30. The subject of "What is interesting is that I do not even know him." is_______.A. whatB. interestingC. What is interestingD. I31. ________ I think he is Charles.A. Who do you think he isB. Do you think who he isC. Whom do you think he isD. Do you think who he is32. He didn't know which room ________.A. they livedB. they lived inC. did they liveD. did they live in33. The little boy ate ________ his mother gave him.A. thatB. whichC. whateverD. no matter what34. The city is no longer ________.A. what it isB. that it used to beC. which it wasD. what it used to be35. My parents used ________ they had to get a new car for me.A. whichB. thatC. whatD. all what36. ________ we go swimming every day ________ us a lot of good.A. If…doB. That…doC. If…doesD. That…does37. ________ was the idea _______ the wife thought ofA. What…thatB. That…whatC. How…whyD. Why…how38. _______ did he tell his wife ________ he wished to doA. That…whatB. What…thatC. Where…whichD. Which…where39. One of the men held the view ________ the book said was right.A. what thatB. that whatC. that whichD. which that40. I have no idea ________ or not he has finished the work.A. ifB. thatC. whetherD. which41. —“Do you know ________”—“His father is a doctor.”A. what is his fatherB. who is his fatherC. what his father isD. who his father is42. Is this ________ we met each other two years agoA. placeB. place in whichC. whereD. place which43. It ________ Bob drives badly.A. thinks thatB. is thought whatC. thought thatD. is thought that44. We all know the truth ________ there are air, water and sunlight there are living things.A. whereB. whereverC. thatD. that wherever45. They discussed ________ they could settle the problem without others' help.A. ifB. thatC. whatD. whether46. She asked ________.A. what I was doing when she rang me upB. what was I doing when she rang me upC. when she rang me up what I was doingD. when did she ring me up what I was doing47. —May I borrow the ring—You can take _______ you like.A. no matter whatB. whichC. whicheverD. that48. He said that he was fond of ________.A. what beautiful isB. what is beautifulC. beautiful is whatD. what it is beautiful49. He insisted that he ________ in good health and _______ to work there.A. was, be sentB. is, is sentC. be, was sentD. be, send50. Do you know ________ he expects will give us a talkA. whoB. whomC. thatD. whose51. It's uncertain ________ the experiment is worth doing.A. ifB. thatC. whetherD. how52. They would have fixed the telephone yesterday _________ it was a holiday.A. exceptB. except forC. except thatD. but for53. ________ is to do good all one's life and never do anything bad.A. Whichever is hardB. No matter what is hardC. What is hardD. All what is hard54. ________ the boy didn't take medicine made his mother angry.A. ThatB. WhatC. HowD. Which55. As the day was fine, I made the suggestion ________ for a walk in the park.A. we goB. we will goC. should we goD. that we go56. ____ we can't get seems better than ____ we have.A. What, whatB. What, thatC. That, thatD. That, what57. ____ you don't like him is none of my business.A. WhatB. WhoC. ThatD. Whether58. You can't imagine ____ when they received these nice Christmas presents.A. how they were excitedB. how excited they wereC. how excited were theyD. they were how excited59. ____ we'll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.A. IfB. WhetherC. ThatD. Where60. ________he really means is ________he disagrees with us.A. What … thatB. That … whatC. Why … thatD. If … what61. _________is going to do the job will be decided by the Party committee.A. ThatB. WhyC. HowD. Who62. _______ we'll finish translating the book depends on the time.A. WhenB. WhyC. WhatD. That63. _______ the house will be built will be discussed at tomorrow's meeting.A. IfB. WhereC. ThatD. What64. _______ he won't go there is clear to all of us.A. HowB. WhatC. WhyD. This65. _______ you come or not is up to you.A. WhatB. IfC. WhyD. Whether66. _______ makes mistakes must correct them.A. WhoB. AnyoneC. WhoeverD. Anybody67. _______ team will win the match is a matter of public concern.A. WhichB. ThatC. IfD. How68.Three days later, word came ________our country had sent up another man-made satellite.A. whichB. whenC. thatD. where69.The problem is ________will go to the meeting.A. whyB. whenC. whatD. who70.It looks _______ it were going to rain.A. even ifB. as ifC. even thoughD. like71.That is _______ he likes the place so much.A. thatB. whatC. whyD. how72.That is ______ Lu Xun once lived.A. whatB. whereC. thatD. why73. We thought _______ strange that Tom did not comeyesterday.A. thatB. itC. thisD. what74.The fact _______ she had not said anything surprised all of us.A. whichB. whatC. thatD. how75.What I'm considering now _________ the money we need.A. isB. areC. wereD. was76.Can you tell me __________A. who is that gentlemanB. that gentleman is whoC. who that gentleman isD. whom is that gentleman77. ________leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.A. AnyoneB. The personC. WhoeverD. Who78. It is well known _________ a person eats causes changes in the body.A. that what, when, and howB. thatC. whatD. how79. The energy is ________ makes the cells able to do their work.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. such80. Jack was soon told ________ he did was not necessary.A. whyB. thatC. howD. why what81. We should think carefully about ________ Mr. Needhamsaid at the meeting.A. thatB. whatC. whichD. X82. Can you point out ________ two radios are the bestA. whichB. whatC. thatD. whether83. You will easily know ________ video recorders (录相机) are the same.A. what thoseB. that of thoseC. that all ofD. which of those84. ________ you have seen things like these before doesn't matter.A. IfB. WhetherC. WhatD. When85. I asked her in English ________ she was, and she told me ________ she was an actress.A. who…thatB. who…XC. what…XD. how…that86. She took it for granted ________ I'd be back home an hour ago.A. thatB. whetherC. ifD. when87. We think it possible ________ the local government will be able to solve the housing problem.A. forB. thatC. whenD. how88. Now there is a danger ________ the ground may fall in (沉下) under the heavy traffic.A. whetherB. ifC. XD. that89. At that time I had no idea ________ I could hand it to him without being seen.A. ifB. howC. whichD. that how90. Last Sunday he promised ________ today, but he hasn't appeared yet.A. that he would comeB. that he will comeC. he will come to see meD. whether he would come91. Last Sunday he made a promise ________ he was free he would take me to Qingdao.A. ifB. thatC. that ifD. whether92. Do you have any idea ________A. when Miss Smith will arriveB. when will Miss Smith arriveC. how will Miss Smith arriveD. why hasn't Miss Smith arrived93. I have almost forgotten ________.A. how Mr. Taylor's likeB. what Mr. Taylor's face is likeC. what Mr. Taylor's face isD. which Mr. Taylor's face is like94. The true value of life is not in ________, but ________.A. how you get …that you giveB. which you got what you giveC. what you get …what you giveD. what do you get…what do you give95. Do you know ________A. what is this used forB. what this isused forC. which this is usedD. that this is used for96. ________ surprised me most was ________.A. That…that she spoke Japanese so wellB. What…how could she speak Japanese so wellC. What…that she spoke Japanese so wellD. That…why she could speak Japanese so well97. ________ is to dance.A. That interests Mary reallyB. Which really interests Mary.C. What really interests MaryD. What really interest Mary98. We were greatly amused by ________.A. what you have told usB. which you had told usC. what you told usD. that you told us99. These computers are different from ________.A. that we expectedB. what we expectedC. which we have expectedD. what we expect100. ________ Tom liked to eat was different from ________.A. That…that you had expectedB. What …that you had expectedC. That…what you had expectedD. What…what you had expected1-5.CDCDB 6-10.BABCD 11-15.ADCCA 16-20.DABCA 21-25.BBDDA 26-30.BCDCC 31-35.ABCDC 36-40.DABBC DDD 46-50.ACBAA CAD 56-60.ACBBA 61-65 DABCD 66-70 CACDB 71-75 CBBCA76-80 CCCCD 81-85 BADBC 86-90 ABDBA 91-95 CABCB 96-100 CCCBD。