2019外研版高中英语选择性必修一Unit2 单元考点

Unit2 单元考点
●词汇精讲
1.debt n．债务，欠款
【原句再现】
Lift the mood with a joke and explore the area. (教材P1)
【词块积累】
in debt负债
in debt中in表示“处于……状态中”，debt前不加任何冠词。

be in heavy debt 负债累累
be out of debt 不欠债(状态)
get out of debt还债
pay off (all) debts 还清债务
owe sb. a debt 欠某人一个人情
go/get/run into debt 负债
be in sb.'s debt＝be in debt to sb. 欠某人的人情债；受某人的恩惠；感激某人
【精品例句】
I need to pay off all my debts before I leave the country.
我得在离开该国前偿清所有债务。

He was so good to me that I can never repay the debt I owe him.
他对我太好了，我永远也还不清这份人情。

He did not look forward to being in debt because his restaurant was no longer popular.
他不希望由于餐馆不受欢迎而负债。

This young couple are always in debt because they never consider their incomes before buying something.
这对年轻的夫妇总是负债，因为他们在买东西时从不考虑自己的收入。

After she lost her job，she began to run into debt.
失业后她开始欠债。

【高考链接】
I'm heavily ______ debt at the moment，but hope to be out ______ debt when I get paid. (福建卷) (in, of)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
I owe him _____ debt of gratitude for all he has done for me. (a)
It's much easier to get _____ debt than to get out of debt．(into)
2. pace n．速度；步速；节奏
【原句再现】
Don't give up though the pace seems slow... (教材P13)
【词块积累】
walk ten paces forward 向前走十步
at one's own pace以某人自己的速度
keep pace with ….跟上，(与……)并驾齐驱；(与……)步调一致
set the pace 定步速；起带头作用
the pace of life 生活节奏
pace up and down 来回踱步
【精品例句】
Students study at their own pace and the teachers seldom set tests.
学生们按照自己的进度学习，老师很少安排考试
It is difficult to keep up with the rapid pace of change.
跟上迅速的变化是很困难的。

I prefer the relaxed pace of life in the country.
我喜爱乡间那悠闲的生活节奏。

【高考链接】
She works so fast that I can't keep pace ______ her. (湖北卷) (with) 【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式Each child learns _____ his or her own pace. (at)
3. inform v．通知；告知
【原句再现】
We regret to inform you... (教材P14)
【词块积累】
inform sb. of sth.通知某人某事
inform sb. that... 告知某人……
informed adj. 了解情况的；消息灵通的；有学问的
keep sb. informed of sth. 使某人知道某事；随时报告某人某事
information n. 信息(不可数)
【精品例句】
She informed them of his arrival.
她通知他们他已到达。

We would like to inform all passengers that the restaurant car is now open.
我们想通知所有乘客，餐车现在开始营业。

Bees fly in circles to inform their partners about food or danger.
蜜蜂跳圆形舞以告诉蜜源的位置或提示它们有危险。

If you threaten me or use any force，I shall inform the police.
你要是威胁我或是动武，我就报警。

【高考链接】
Please keep me _______ (inform) of/about the latest process of the plan.(陕西卷) (informed)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
Have you informed the boss ______ your wish to leave? (of/about)
The headmaster informed us _____ the school would be closed for one day. (that)
4.give up放弃；停止；交给；让给；对某人的到来 (康复、能否找到等)不再抱希望【原句再现】
You may have spent years giving up your weekends and free time to write your life's work，yet still this is often not enough. (教材P14)
【词块积累】
give in (to sb.)(向某人) 屈服，让步
give out 用尽；分发；发出(不用于被动语态)
give back 归还
give away 泄露；赠送
give off 放出(光、热、气味等)；散发
【精品例句】
He gave up his seat to a pregnant woman.
他把座位让给了一位孕妇。

It is difficult to give up smoking.
戒烟可不容易。

He tried to run away but gave up when he found himself surrounded.
他试图逃跑，但发现已被包围时只好放弃了这个念头。

One of the men with him gave up his place on the bench.
他的一个同伴将长椅上的位子让了出来。

【高考链接】
Body language can _______ a lot about your mood, so standing with your arms folded can send out a signal that you are being defensive. ( 浙江卷)
A. take away
B. throw away
C. put away
D. give away (D)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
Don't give _____ the secret to the public. (away)
Please give _____ my bike to me tomorrow. (back)
The heater can give _____ much warmth. (off)
At last he gave up ________ (go) abroad. (going)
5.have sth. in common (with sb/sth.) 与……有 (想法、兴趣、特征等) 相同之处【原句再现】
When she received her first rejection letter，she decided that it meant she now had something in common with her favorite writers，and stuck it on her kitchen wall. (教材P14) 【词块积累】
have nothing in common (with…) 与….无共同之处
have little in common (with….) 与….几乎无共同之处
have a lot in common (with….) 与….有许多共同之处
in common with …..和……一样；和……有共同之处
【精品例句】
We have a lot in common and have a lot to talk about.
我们有许多共同点，因此有很多话题可聊。

In common with other students, Tom is seldom late for school.
和其他学生一样，汤姆很少上学迟到。

We are attracted by each other，because we have something in common.
我们互相吸引对方，是因为我们有共同之处。

His thought had something in common with that of Emerson and other transcendentalists. 他和爱默生以及其他的超验论者在思想上也有相通之处。

【高考链接】
Letterboxes are much more _____ in the UK than in the US, where most people have a mailbox instead. (山东卷)
A. common
B. normal
C. ordinary
D. usual (A)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
Although we have met by chance，we do have a lot _____ common. (in)
In common ____ many countries，Britain has serious environmental problems. (with)
6.turn down 调小（声音等）；拒绝
【原句再现】
I wasn't going to give up until every single publisher turned me down，but I often feared that would happen”, she later posted.(教材P14)
【词块积累】
turn up出现；到场；开大；调高音量
turn around/round 转身
turn out 证明是；结果是
turn to… 转向…；求助于…，查阅…
turn over 翻转；移交
turn on/off 打开/关闭(开关)
turn in 上交
turn into….变成…..
【精品例句】
Could you please turn down your TV a bit?
把电视声音关小点好吗？
She turned down the job offer because she wanted more money.
她拒绝了那份工作，因为她想要更高的工资。

She could not bear the relentless music and turned down the volume.
她受不了没完没了的音乐，就把音量调小了。

Supposing I turn down your offer，would you feel disappointed?
假如我拒绝你的提议，你会感到失望吗？
【高考链接】
Tom had to _____ the invitation to the party last weekend because he was too busy.（天津卷）
A.Turn in
B. turn down
C. turn over
D. turn to （B）
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
When I turned _____ for my first jump I was so nervous that I tried to back out，but my friends persuaded me to go through with it. (up)
It turned _____ that she was a friend of my sister. (out)
7. guarantee v．保证；担保；保修n．保证；保证书
【原句再现】
So，it seems that talent alone isn't enough to guarantee success. (教材P15)
【词块积累】
guarantee sb.sth. (＝ensure sb.sth.) 保证某人得到某物
guarantee to do sth. 保证做某事
guarantee that... 确保……
guarantee sth. for some time 对……保修多久
give sb. a guarantee that...向某人保证……
under guarantee 在保修期内
【精品例句】
We guarantee to behave ourselves tomorrow.
我们保证明天行为规矩。

Consistent, hard work will guarantee that you will become good at whatever it is.
坚持不懈和勤奋努力会确保你无论做什么事儿都能做好。

I guarantee that if you take this medicine，you'll soon get well.
我管保你吃了这药就好。

A famous old name on a firm is not necessarily a guarantee of quality.
公司悠久的品牌并不能确保商品的质量。

【高考链接】
This insurance guarantees you ______ loss in case of fire.(上海卷) (against )
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
I guarantee _______ (be) here tomorrow. Trust me! (to be)
I guarantee _____ you'll enjoy yourself. (that)
8. delighted adj. 高兴的；愉快的
【原句再现】
We are delighted to inform you... (教材P15)
【词块积累】
delight vt. 使愉快/高兴；n. 高兴；快乐/高兴的事儿
in/with delight 高兴地
to one’s delight 令/使某人高兴的是…
delightful adj. 令人快乐的；有趣的
be delighted by/at…由于….而高兴
be delighted with….对….满意/高兴
be delighted to do sth. 高兴做某事
be delighted that 从句…. 很高兴…..
【精品例句】
Li Na won the game easily, to the delight of all her fans.
李娜轻松赢得比赛，让她所有的球迷都高兴。

To his great delight, his novel was accepted for publication.
使他极为高兴的是，他的小说被接受出版了。

I was delighted to be able to eat my favorite dishes to my heart's content.
我很高兴能够痛痛快快地吃我最喜爱的菜。

The bear was delighted and began to dance happily.
那只熊听了很高兴，就开始快乐地跳舞。

【高考链接】
The professor ______ (delight) to find that the project had been finished by the students independently. (陕西卷) (was delighted)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
He was very much delighted _______ the results. (with)
My parents will be delighted ______ (see) you. (to see)
9. effect n. 结果; 效力; 作用; 影响
【原句再现】
A good attitude can have a positive effect on other people. (教材P18)
【词块积累】
effective adj.有效的;生效的
effectively adv有效地
efficiency 效率;效能
greenhouse effect温室效应
bring / put.. into effect实施;实行
in effect 在实施中;有效
take effective measures / steps 采取有效措施
take effect, 相当于come into effect 生效; 起作用
【精品例句】
Global warming is having a great effect on hundreds of plant and animal species around the world. 全球变暖正在对世界上数百种动植物物种产生重大影响
Some laws from the eighteenth century are still in effect.
一些18世纪的法律至今仍然有效
These measures are just beginning to take effect.这些措施刚开始见效
【高考链接】
The more I understood fish, the more I became ______________ (effect) at finding and catching them. (广东卷) (effective)
If you can find whatever learning method suits you, your learning _______ (effective) is likely to improve greatly. (上海课改卷) (efficiency)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
It is uncertain what side ______ (effectively) the medicine will bring about. (effect)
10. come across 偶然发现
【原句再现】
Today I came across my friend Dawei. (教材P19)
【词块积累】
come into sight/view进入视线;被看见
come to an end/a stop结束/停止
come to a decision/a conclusion/an agreement 作出决定/得出结论/达成协议
come true
come about(尤指未经计划地) 发生; 产生
come along一起来;出现;进展
come around/round 拜访; 探访
come from出生于;来自;产自;源自于
come up 走近，上来，被提出
come down 下来，
come up with想出;提出，提供
when it comes to (doing) sth. 在说到/谈到…
【精品例句】
May all your dreams come true! 祝你们梦想成真!
Please tell me how the accident came about.请告诉我事故是怎么发生的
The flood came about as a result of the heavy rain 大雨引发了洪水
When reading articles related to science, we often come across difficult or unfamiliar words.读与科学相关的文章时，我们常常碰到难词或生词
Are you sure you really want all our friends to come along?
你确定你真想让我们的朋友都一起来吗?
The patient is coming along well after the operation. 手术后病人的状况良好
Come around when you have time.有空时过来玩吧。

Do you know any Chinese words that come from English?
你知道一些来自英语的汉语词语吗?
Come on! We don't have much time. 快点!我们时间不多了
The rain stopped and the sun came out. 雨停了，太阳出来了。

Come up! I'm upstairs!上来! 我在楼上!
He came up to me and asked me the way to the station.他走近我，问我去车站的路怎么走Although against my opinion, the old professor didn't come up with his own.
尽管老教授不同意我的意见，但他也没有提出自己的意见
【高考链接】
1. --Hi, Dr Brown! I'm a little early. Should I wait outside? --No. ____ (福建卷) ( C)
A. That's right
B. My pleasure
C. Come on in
D. Take it easy
2. Is this your necklace, Mary? I came _________it when I was cleaning the bathroom this morning. (湖北课改) (across)
3. Would you like to come ____ with us to the film tonight? (全国课改) (along)
4.-- Have you come up ______ some new ideas? --Yeah. I’ll tell you later.
（四川卷）(with)
5. -- Four dollars a pair? I think it's a bit too much. （河北卷）
-- If you buy three pairs, the price for each will come ____ to three fifty. (down)
6. It's already 10 o'clock. I wonder how it came _____ that she was two hours late on such
a short trip. （全国卷）(about)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
Both groups scored similarly when ____ came to memorizing facts. (辽宁卷) (it)
When ___ comes to friends, I desire those who will share my happiness. (北京卷) (it)
His first novel has received good reviews since it came __ last month. (陕西卷) (out)
11. annoyed.adj.恼怒的；生气的
【原句再现】
You fee annoyed because a group member doesn’t want to contribute to your group’s work. (教材P19)
【词块积累】
annoy. vt. 使恼怒；打扰
annoying. adj. 令人生气或烦恼的
be annoyed at/with/sb.
be annoyed about/by sth因为某事对某人生气
be annoyed that...对……感到生气
【精品例句】
These flies are annoying me.
这些苍蝇真让人讨厌
I was annoyed with him because he kept interrupting me.
我很生他的气，因为他一直打断我
Mr. Davies was annoyed that the books were missing.
那些图书不见了，戴维斯很生气
【高考链接】
Are you ______ (annoy) by the quality of your sleep? （湖南卷.语法填空）(annoyed) 【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
The voice of the bird is ___ (annoy) (annoying)
12. contribute vt.&vi. 捐助; 捐献; 贡献; 造成/促使(某事发生); 投(稿); 撰(稿)
【原句再现】
You fee annoyed because a group member doesn’t want to contribute to your group’s work. (教材P19)
【词块积累】
contributor n 捐款人; 撰稿人; 起作用的因素
contribution n. 捐款; 捐献物; 贡献; 稿件; 作品
contribute (sth) to sth 对….奉献…；投稿
contribute (money) to the Red Cross向红十字会捐钱
contribute to …对…做出贡献，对….起作用
【精品例句】
It was generous of her to con tribute such a large sum of money.
她很大方，捐了这么一大笔钱
He never contributes (ideas) to the discussion. 他在讨论时从不发表意见
Alcohol contributes to 100, 000 deaths a year in the US.
在美国，酒精每年造成10万人死亡
Stress is a contributing factor in many illnesses.
压力是诸多疾病的致病因素
She contributed a number of articles to the magazine.
她给这家杂志撰写了许多文章
I gave a contribution of $100 to / toward the church. 我给教堂捐了1 00美元
This is a magazine with contributions from well-known travel writers.
这是一本由著名旅行作家撰稿的杂志。

【高考链接】
I admire Edison a lot because of his great contribution ________ the world. (湖南卷)
(to/toward)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
Immigrants have contributed ________the British culture in many ways. (to/toward)
●本单元其它重要词组
13. worthy of note 显著的；值得注意的
How was it possible, I asked myself, to walk for an hour through the woods and see nothing worthy of note? (教材)
These are the recent books that are especially worthy of note.
14. go about 着手做；四处走动；传开；从事
Today I shall spend in the workaday world, amid the haunts of men going about the business of life. (教材)
The villagers were going about their business as usual.
15. close in on 围住，包围；接近
At midnight permanent night would close in on me again. (教材)
Enemy soldiers closed in on them from all sides.
●句型点拨
1. not...until...句型
【原句再现】
I wasn't going to give up until every single publisher turned me down，... (教材P14)
句式分析：本句中的not...until...是固定句型，表示“直到……才……”until引导状语从句。

【能力拓展】
※当not until位于句首时，句子要倒装。

其结构为：Not until＋从句/表时间的词＋助动词＋(主句)主语＋谓语＋其他。

※not until的强调结构为：It is/was not until＋从句/表时间的词＋that＋其他。

【精品例句】
You're not going out until you've finished this.
你不把这事做完就不准出去。

The traffic laws don't take effect until the end of the year.
交通法要到年底才生效。

Not until the teacher came in did the students stop talking.
直到老师进来学生们才停止说话
It is not until next week that the sports meet will be held.
直到下周运动会才会举行
【高考链接】
It was not until I got married ______ I could afford to buy a house of my own. (陕西卷) (that)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
Not until the last operation was finished _____ Bethune leave the battle hospital. (did)
2. with复合结构
【原句再现】
...and as we know，Harry Potter became a global success，with over 400 million books sold and translated into more than seventy different languages. (教材P15)
句式分析：本句中with over 400 million books sold and translated into more than seventy different languages是“with＋名词＋宾补”结构，其中books和sold是动宾关系；books 和translated是动宾关系。

【能力拓展】
with的复合结构主要用来说明附带情况或具体细节，在句中可作原因、方式、条件或伴随状语等，有时也可作定语。

其构成形式主要有：
※with＋宾语＋形容词；
※with＋宾语＋副词；
※with＋宾语＋介词短语；
※with＋宾语＋动词的现在分词，表示动作正在进行且宾语与动词是主动关系；
※with＋宾语＋动词的过去分词，表示动作已经发生且宾语与动词是被动关系；
※with＋宾语＋动词不定式，表示动作还未发生。

【精品例句】
With the old man leading us，we got to the top of the mountain easily.
有那位老人带路, 我们很容易到达了山顶
The village is beautiful with the trees covered with white snow.
树林都披上了银装，村子显得很美
With much work to do，he went to the factory ahead of time.
有那么多的工作要做, 他提前去工厂了
He sat there with his eyes closed.
他闭目坐在那儿。

The thief was forced into the post station with his hands tied back.
贼被双手捆绑着带进了派出所。

【高考链接】
With the crowds cheering ______ (cheer)，they drove to the palace.（山东卷）(cheering) 【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
She had to walk home with her bike _______ (steal)．(stolen)
With no one _____ (talk)to，John felt miserable. (to talk)
●动名词（详见语法课件）。