高中英语英语语法——代词讲解、练习附答案

代词（一）

Part 1 人称代词

人称代词是表示"我"、"你"、"他"、"她"、"它"、"我们"、"你们"、"他们"的词。是表示自身或人称的代词。1

2人称代词的用法

（1）人称代词在句中可以用作主语（用主格）和宾语（用宾格）：

He loves her, but she hates him.

（2）人称代词用于as, than之后时，可用宾格：

“Who is it?”“It’s me.”He gets up earlier than me. He speaks English as well as her.

但是，若than, as后的人称代词后跟由动词，则必须用主格：He gets up earlier than I do.

（3）单独使用的人称代词通常用宾格：me too.

3 人称代词的排列顺序

（1）单数人称代词通常按“二三一”排列，即you, he and I：

You, he and I are all middle school students.

（2）复数人称代词通常按“一二三”排列，即we, you and they:

We, you and they will all go there.

（3）但若用于承担责任或错误等场合，则可把第一人称I置于其他人称代词之前：

I and Tom are to blame.

Part 2 物主代词

表示所有关系的代词叫做物主代词。

2 物主代词的用法

（1）形容词物主代词在句中作定语：I love my country. Is this your car?

（2）名词性的物主代词可用作主语,宾语,表语以及与"of" 连接：

Li Hua's bike is red, and yours is green. These books are ours.

That car is mine, not yours. Yesterday I met a friend of mine in the street.

Part 3 反身代词

2 反身代词的用法

反身代词在句中主要作宾语和同位语, 用作同位语时表示强调"本人,自己"：

He taught himself English. The child himself drew this picture.

Part 4 指示代词

指示代词是表示指示概念的代词，即用来指示或标识人或事物的代词。主要的有this, that, these, those, 其中this和that为单数，these和those为复数。指示代词在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语。

指示代词的用法：

1 this和that的用法

两者的基本区别是this表近指，that表远指。另外，当要回指上文提到的事情时，可用this或that，但是若要指下文叙述的事情，通常要用this:

She married Jim, and this/that surprised me.

I want to know this——Dose he love her?

2 that和those的用法

that和those常常用来代替已提到过的名词，以避免重复。

The population of China is larger than that of Japan.

The ears of a rabbit are longer than those of a fox.

Part 5 相互代词

相互代词是表示相互关系的代词，主要有each other, one another, 均表示“相互”、“彼此”。指示代词通常在句中作宾语与定语，不可作主语。

1 each other主要用于两者之间，one another主要用于三者或三者以上。但在现代英语中each other也可指三者或三者以上：

They love each other. The three women looked at each other/one another.

2 相互代词的所有格

相互代词的所有格在后面一个词加词尾-’s：

We didn’t know each other’s names. They often stay in one another’s house.

代词（二）

Part 6 疑问代词

1.疑问代词的概念与形式

who, whom与whose

who的意义为“谁”，既可以做单数，也可以指复数。在句中主要做主语和宾语。whom是who的宾格，在句中主要做动词宾语和介词宾语，做动词宾语时whom可与who互换使用，但作介词宾语时只能用whom; whose 是who 的所有格形式，意为“谁的”：

Who said that ? Whom are you waiting for?

Whom/Who have you chosen to take part in the sports meet?

I don’t know whose it is.

what与which

which 和what 都指物。which意为“哪一个，哪一些”适用选择范围较小或明确的场合；what意为“什么”，用于选择范文较大或不明确的场合。如指人，其后接名词时只用which和what，不用who：

Which color do you like, black or white?

What color do you like?

Which/What writers do you like?

Part 7 不定代词

1. 不指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫不定代词。英语中的不定代词有：

all, every, each one, none, no, both, either, neither, little, a little, few, a few, some, any, many, much, other, another 以及由some，any，no，every构成的复合不定代词。

2. 复合不定代词

复合不定代词是由every，some，any，no与-one, -body, -thing 构成的代词。

指人指人指物

everyone everybody everything

someone somebody something

anyone anybody anything

on one nobody nothing

(1) some- 类复合不定代词主要用于肯定句中，any- 类不定代词主要用于否定句、疑问句或条件句：

There is somebody who wants to speak to you.

I haven’t seen anybody around here that I can turn to for help.

(2) 由-one和-body构成的不定代词可以互换使用，知识前者较文雅：

Someone/Somebody seems to have been here.

(3) 复合不定代词受定语修饰时，定语应放在它们后面：

Tell us something interesting.

(4) 复合不定代词若用作主语，其谓语动词一般用单数：

Everyone knows this. Everything is ready.

(5) no one与none的区别

no one常指代人，只能为可数；而none可指代人或物，可数、不可数皆可。no one回答“who”, none回答“how many/much”, none可与of结构连用：

No one in our class failed the math exam.

None of them believed his story.

——How many of you have been to the USA? ——None

3.both，either与neither的用法

(1) both意思是"两者都"，either意思是"两者中的任何一个"，neither意思是"两者都不，具体见下表：