高考英语 非谓语动词高考考点精讲解析

高考英语非谓语动词高考考点精讲解析
【不定式】
⑴目的状语in order to do sth.（常用于句首、句中）/ so as to do sth.（用于句中）
You can raise your prices so as to cover us with a certain percentage.
你可以提高你们的价格以便包含一定比例的我们的费用。

⑵think / make /suppose + it + adj. + to do sth. （it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式）
I think it important to learn English well.
我认为学好外语很重要。

I found it impossible for him to do the job alone.
我发现他—个人干这活是不可能的。

⑶感官动词（feel, hear, listen to, look at, see, watch, notice, observe）/ 使役动词（have, make, let）+ sb./sth. + ①省略to的动词原形②现在分词③过去分词；
①感官动词与使役动词后接省略to的动词原形，但在被动语态中要补充to；
The boy was made to go to bed early.
那个男孩被早早地带去睡觉。

②have sth. + 过去分词（某事由别人完成，主语一般不是分词的动作执行者；本结构也可以表达“主语的遭遇”）；
③当have（有……），make（做……）时，往往后面接不定式做后置定语；
I have lots of things to buy.我有许多要买的东西。

④“让某人做…”，这一结构常用于如下问题中：Who do you like to have _____ to the cinema tonight? （A）
A. go
B. to go
C. going
D. went
⑷不定式主动形式表示被动意义：
①在Sth. / Sb. + adj. + to do 结构中，若形容词为：easy, difficult, hard, heavy, light, good, nice, pleasant, comfortable, fit, dangerous, interesting, important等；或者以上形容词作宾语补足语时，其后的不定式也用主动形式表示被动意义；
The room is comfortable to live in. 这个房间住起来很舒服。

I found him easy to get along with. 我觉得他很容易相处。

②There be 句型中，用来修饰主语的不定式多用主动式；
There is a lot of work to do. 有很多工作要做。

③too/enough … to …
I was too excited to say a word. 我激动得连一句话也说不出。

The book is cheap enough to buy. 这本书很便宜可以买。

④never too…to…无论怎样都不过分
You are never too careful to cross the road.
过马路时，你无论怎样当心都不足为过。

⑤have（give, show）sth. to do在这种句型中的不定式与前面的名词有动宾关系, 又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系。

Have you anything to be taken to your parents?
你有要带给你父母的东西吗?
He'll show you the right path to take.
他会给你指出要走的正确的路。

Please give me something to read.
请给我一些可读的材料。

Have you anything to do this afternoon?
今天下午你有事要做吗?
⑥to let, to blame, to seek等不定式，多以主动式表被动意义；
The house is to let. 这房子要出租。

Who is to blame for it? 这得怪谁?
The reason is not far to seek. 这理由不难找到。

⑸Sb./sth. be said / reported / believed + to do （要判断使用一般式还是完成式）
⑹形容词最高级或序数词，以及由形容词最高级或序数词来修饰的名词后，多用不定式结构；（要判断使用一般式还是完成式）
He was the last one to leave school yesterday. 昨天他是最后一个离开教室的。

⑺常见动词后接带to的不定式作补语：
allow允许；persuade劝说；encourage鼓励；be allowed to do sth.被允许做某事；be forced to do sth.被迫使做某事；force强迫；urge促使，敦促；expect 期望；forbid禁止；permit允许，许可；warn警告，提醒；order命令；get sb. to do sth.让某人来做某事；require要求；recommend推荐；advise建议；
⑻常见动词后接不定式作宾语：
①动词+ 不定式;
Afford （承担得起）, agree （同意）, arrange（安排）, ask （要求）, beg （乞求）, decide/determine （决定）,choose （选择）, dare（敢）, demand （要求）, desire （想要，渴望）, expect （期望）, hope （希望）, fail （失败）, happen （发生）, help （帮助）, hesitate （犹豫）,learn （学习）, long （渴望）, mean （打算）, manage （尽力）, offer （提供）, ought （应该）, plan （计划）, prepare （准备）,pretend （假装）, promise （承诺）, refuse （拒绝）, seem （似乎）, undertake （承担，试图）, attempt （试图，尝试）, intend （打算）, claim (宣称), contrive （设法）, resolve （决心）, swear （发誓）, threaten （威胁）, turn out （结果是，证明是）, be supposed to do sth.应该做某事；
②动词+ 疑问词+ to + 动词原形;
不定式作动词decide （决定）, know （知道）, consider （认为）, forget （忘记）, learn （了解，学习）, remember （记得）, show （说明，显示）, understand （理解，明白）, see （明白）, wonder （想知道）, find out （弄清楚，查明）, explain （解释）, tell （告诉，分辨）, teach （教）, discuss （讨论）, observe （观察，庆祝）, perceive （觉察）等词的宾语时，前面常带引导词how, what, whether, where, when, who等，但why后接不带to的不定式。

Why not give her some flowers? 为什么不给她一些花呢？
I don't know what to say in my report. 我不知道如何在报告里说那些事情。

⑼不定式符号to的保留：常出现在下列动词之后，expect, hope, wish, mean, prefer, want, try, 等；或出现在be glad/happy, would like/love等后面；如果在省略的不定式结构中含有be, have, have been时，这些词要保留。

①I haven’t been to Hong Kong, but I wish to.
②---Are you on holiday? ---No, but I’d like to be.
③---Shall we go to the cinema tonight? ----I’d like to, but I am engaged in my final examination.
④---I didn’t tell him the news. ---Oh, you ought to have.
⑽only + to do sth.一般表示“出乎意料的结果”；
①I arrived there at last only to find that the others had already left.
我最终赶到了那里，结果发现别人都已经离开了。

②He was busy writing a story, only stopping once in a while to smoke a cigarette.
他忙于写一篇故事，只是偶尔停下来吸一根烟。

⑾比较：①The building to be completed next month is our school library. 下个月即将竣工的大楼是我们学校的图书馆。

②The building being completed now is our school library.现在正在被建造的大楼是我们学校的图书馆。

③The building completed last month is our school library.上个月已经竣工的大楼是我们学校的图书馆。

【注意以上3个句子：非谓语动词均作后置定语，但时间不同，所用非谓语动词的形式也就不同；】⑿never too…to…无论…都不足为过；
You are never too careful to cross the street.穿越马路时越小心越好。

It is never too late to learn. 活到老，学到老。

（学习从不嫌晚。

）
⑿动词不定式在介词but / except / other than后，如果介词之前有行为动词do的某种形式，则该介词后的不定式不带to，否则就带to，即有do没to，有to没do；
①can’t choose but do sth. 只好做某事，不得不做某事
②can’t help but do sth. 只好做某事，不得不做某事
③can’t but do sth. 只好做某事，不得不做某事
④do nothing but do sth. 只得做某事，不得不做某事
⑤have no choice but to do sth. 除了干…之外别无选择
⒀即可接不定式又可接动名词作宾语的动词或词组：
①forget to do sth.忘记做某事；forget doing sth.忘记已经做过某事；
②remember to do sth.记住要做某事；remember doing sth.记得曾经做过某事；
③regret to do sth. 遗憾要去做某事；regret doing sth.后悔做过某事；
④stop to do sth.停下来去做另一件事；stop doing sth.停止做某事；
⑤try to do sth.努力做某事；try doing sth.尝试着做某事；
⑥mean to do sth.打算做某事；mean doing sth. 意味着做某事；
⑦go on to do sth.（做完某事）接着做另一件事；go
on doing sth.<=go on with sth.>继续做同一件事；
⑧can’t help to do sth.不能帮助做某事；can’t help doing sth.禁不住做某事；
⑨consider to do sth.认为做某事；consider doing sth.考虑做某事；
⑩set out to do sth. 着手做某事；set/get about doing sth. 着手做某事；
⑪used to do sth.过去常常做某事；be/get used to doing sth.=be/get accustomed to doing sth.习惯于做某事；
⑫There is no need to do sth.没有必要做某事；
⑬There is nothing better than to do sth. 没有比做某事更好的了；
⒁特殊情况：
①need/want/require doing sth. = need/want/require to be done sth.需要（想要）做某事；
②be worthy to be done sth. = be worthy of being done sth. 值得做某事；
③be worth doing sth.值得做某事（主动表被动意义）；
④be worth +金钱，意为“值多少钱”；
⑤do what sb. can (do) to do sth. = do all/everything sb. can (do) to do sth.尽力做某事；
He did what he could to help us. 他尽力帮助我们。

He saved what he could to buy a car. 他尽量节约每一分钱以便买车。

He ran as fast as he could to catch the early bus. 他拼命地跑以便赶上早班车。

(a) The soldiers tried their best and did what they could _________ against the flood.
A. fight
B. to fight
C. fighting
D. fought
答案：B。

句意：士兵们竭尽全力来抗洪。

句子补完整应为：The soldiers tried their best and did what they could do to fight against the flood. 即句中的不定式短语(to fight against the flood) 用作目的状语的，而不是与情态动词could一起构成谓语。

(b) He ran as fast as he could _________ to catch the early bus.
A. to hope
B. hope
C. hoping
D. hoped
答案：C。

句意：他尽其所能地跑，希望能够赶上早班车。

考查现在分词短语hoping to catch the early bus 用作伴随状语。

(c) He spent every minute he could _________ spoken English.A. practise B. to practise C. practising D. practised
答案：C。

句意：他尽可能花费每一分钟练习口语。

本题目考查短语：spend … (in) doing sth.；该句补充完整，即为：He spent every minute he could spend in practising spoken English.
(d) Li hua made up his mind to devote all he could _________ his oral English before going abroad.
A. improve
B. to improve
C. improving
D. to improving
答案：D。

句意：在出国之前，李华下定决心尽其所能致力于提高自己的口语水平。

本题目考查：devote … to…把…贡献给…，致力于…；其中to 是介词，后接动名词。

⑥would rather do sth. than do sth.
= would do sth. rather than do sth.
= prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.
宁愿做…而不愿…
⑦had better (not) do sth.最好（不）做某事；
⑧may/might as well +动词原形，意为“做某事倒也无妨（用于表示做不是特别想做的事）；不妨做某事”；
⑨may/might well + 动词原形，意为“可能发生某事”；
You might as well use your pocket money in this way. 你不妨以这种方式来使用你的零用钱。

Liza may well not want to go on the trip --- she hates traveling.
莉莎可能不想去旅行---她厌恶旅行。

⑩易混淆题目：
(a) Every minute should be made full use of _________ the lessons.
A. to study
B. study
C. studying
D. studied
答案：A。

句意：每分钟都应该被利用，来学习课程。

此题易误选C，认为介词后接动名词。

注意此句谓语为被动语态，假若将此句转换成主动语态，则是We should make full use of every minute to study the lessons. 本题目用“make use of … to do sth 利用…做某事”这一结构。

另有make the most of = make the best of“尽量利用”，也可能用于此类试题。

(b) The only way that she thought of _________ enough money was to sell her hair.
A. get
B. to get
C. got
D. getting
答案：B。

句意：她想到的弄到足够钱的惟一办法
就是把自己的头发卖掉。

本题目易误选D项。

句子主语是the only way，其中that she thought of 是修饰主语的定语从句，不定式to get enough money 也是修饰主语的定语，也就是说，句子主语带有两个定语修饰语。

⒂不定式作主语，往往考查it作形式主语；
①It is/was + adj. +（for/of sb.）to do sth.
※当形容词（kind, good, wise, stupid, foolish, careless, clever等）是用来描绘人的性格、品质时of sb.；
※当形容词（important, necessary, easy, dangerous, hard等）是用来描述事物的特征属性时用for sb.；
②It is＋名词（a pleasure, a pity, a pleasant thing, one's duty, an honor, a shame, a crime, …）＋to do sth.
It was wise of him to do that. 他那样做是明智的。

It is very hard for him to carry this box. 对他来说，搬运这箱子是十分困难的。

③It takes sb. some time + to do sth.
It takes at least two hours to go there by car. 坐公共汽车去那儿至少要花两个小时。

⒃常见不定式的短语：
①to tell the truth说实话，老实说；②to be honest 说实话，老实说；③to be exact确切地说；④to begin/start with首先；⑤to be brief简而言之；⑥to be frank with you坦诚地说；
⒄with的复合结构：
with + 名词或代词+①形容词（短语）②副词（短语）③过去分词（表被动）④现在分词（表主动）⑤介词短语⑥不定式⑦名词（短语）
①The boy with a book in his hand stood there.
②The boy stood there, with a book in his hand.
=The boy stood there, a book in his hand.
=The boy stood there, book in hand.
那个男孩站在那里，手里拿着一本书。

③With the task finished, he accepted his friend’s invitation.
=After the task had been finished, he accepted his friend’s invitation.
任务完成之后，他接受了朋友的邀请。

④We found his house, with the boy leading us.
=We found his house because the boy led us.
在这个小男孩的带领下，我们找到了他的房子。

⑤With so many people communicating in English every day, it will become more and more important to have a good knowledge of English. 每天有这么多人用英语交流，我们可以认识到掌握好英语越来越重要。

⑥He is used to sleeping in summer, with the door open.
= He is used to sleeping in summer and the door was open.
他习惯于在夏天敞着门睡觉。

⑦His father died, with him an orphan.
= His father died and he left him an orphan.
= His father died, leaving him an orphan.
他父亲死了，结果留下他，成了一名孤儿。

⑧With so much work to do, he had to work another 2 hours.
有这么多工作要做，他必须要再额外工作2个小时。

【过去分词】
⑴过去分词表示“被动、完成、发生在过去”；（逻辑主语与分词之间存在被动关系）
⑵have / make / get等使役动词+ sb./sth. + 过去分词（让某人<事>被…）
※have sth./sb. + 过去分词，还可以表示“主语的遭遇”；
⑶see / observe等感官动词+ sb./sth. + 过去分词；
⑷It is/was said/reported/required/believed等过去分词+ that从句；
⑸独立主格形式：名词+过去分词
The test finished（=When the test was finished ）, we began our holiday.
考试结束了，我们开始放假。

The president assassinated（=After the president was assassinated）, the whole country was in deep sorrow. 总统被谋杀了，举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中。

⑹常用于短语中：be interested in 对…感兴趣；be addicted to 对…痴迷，沉溺于…；be dressed in 穿着…；be concerned about 关心，挂念；be located in 坐落于…；be lost in thought 陷入沉思；be tired of 对…厌倦；be tired from/with 因…而感到疲惫；
※当从句的主语和主句的主语一致时，可将主语和部分系动词、助动词等省略；
⑺With + 名词/代词+ 过去分词
⑻特殊情况：
①Remain seated. 保持坐着！
②Be seated. 请坐！
③get + 过去分词；（常见：get married, get paid, get charged等）
The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much. 如果要学生学得太多，他们会感到糊涂的。

④including sb./sth. …包括…；sb./sth. include d…被包括在内；
Twenty people will come to the party, including Tom and Jane.
Twenty people will come to the party, Tom and Jane included.
将有20个人来参加晚会，包括汤姆和简。

⑤V-ed分词，作形容词，意为“感到…”，常用于修饰“人”；V-ing分词，作形容词，意为“令人…”，常用于修饰“物”；
Travelling is interesting but tiring. 旅行是有趣的，但是使人疲劳。

They were very excited at the news. 听到这个消息，他们非常激动。

【动名词与现在分词】
⑴从构成形式上看，动名词与现在分词一样；
①一般式：主动形式V-ing；被动形式being +过去分词；
②完成式：主动形式having +过去分词；被动形式having been +过去分词；
⑵①动名词可以作：主语、表语、宾语、定语；②不定式可以作：主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语；③分词（现在分词与过去分词）作：宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语；
⑶常用于动名词的结构：
①常用于如下动词之后：suggest（建议）, finish（完成）, avoid（避免）, appreciate（欣赏，感激）, mind （介意）, enjoy（喜爱）, admit（承认）, delay（拖延，耽误）, postpone（推迟）, consider（考虑）, deny （否认）, advise（建议）, excuse（原谅）, practise （练习，实践）, escape（逃脱）, miss（错过）, pardon （饶恕）, imagine（想象）, risk（冒险）,put off（推迟）, give up（放弃）, think of（想到）, dream of （梦想）, set about（着手做，开始做）, feel like（想要，喜欢做）, depend on（依赖，依靠）, can’t help （禁不住）, prefer … to …（宁愿…而不愿…）,be/get used to doing sth.=be accustomed to doing sth.（习惯做…）, insist on（坚持做）, look forward to（盼望）, be busy doing（忙于…）, devote … to …（把…奉献…，致力于…）, be tired of …（厌倦…）, succeed in（成功做…）, owe…to…把…归功于…；
②It is no use / good / useless doing sth. 做…是无用的；
③have some trouble / difficulty （in）doing sth.在做…方面有困难
④have a problem （in）doing sth. 在做…方面有问题
⑤spend …（in）doing sth.花费…做某事；spend…on sth.在某物/事上花（时间、金钱）
⑥There is no point （in）doing sth.做某事没有意义；
⑦think / consider / find / feel like + it + no use / useless / no good + doing sth.
I found it no use arguing about. 我认为争论这件事没有用。

We found it no good making fun of others. 我们发现取笑他人不好。

⑧on + (doing) sth. 一…就…
On arriving there, they set about doing the experiment.
一到那儿他们便开始做实验了。

⑨(a) keep…from （doing）sth. 阻止某事的发生；
(b) prevent…from （doing）sth. 阻止某事的发生；
(c) stop…from （doing）sth. 阻止某事的发生；【“阻止某事的发生”三个短语中，(a)在主动语态和被动语态中，from均不得省略；而(b)(c)在主动语态中可省略from，在被动语态中不可省略；】
④protect …from （doing）sth.保护…免遭受…；
⑷动名词常置于介词（for, without, in, on等）之后；
⑸动名词的逻辑主语：①形容词性物主代词+动名词；②名词's+动名词；③形容词性物主代词+not+动名词；
【注意：非谓语动词的否定式，在其前面加not或never；】
Tom insisted on my going with them．他坚持要我和他们一起去。

He dislikes his wife's working late．他不喜欢他妻子工作得很晚。

His not knowing English troubled him a lot.
他不懂英语给他带来许多麻烦。

He apologized for his not being able to arrive on time. 他因没能按时到来而道歉。

⑹现在分词
①一般来说，逻辑主语与分词之间存在主动关系（句子主语与分词的逻辑主语一般是同一人或事物）
②分词的动作发生于主句谓语动词之前，或分词所在的位置有明显的完成时态的状语（already, for ten years, in the past five years等）提示，分词往往要用完成式；或分词的动作先于谓语动词的动作之前，亦故用完成式；
Not having received his letter, she decided to write to him again. 她没收到他的们，就决定再给他写一封。

Having failed twice, he didn't want to try again. 他已经失败了两次，不想再试了。

③have / make （使役动词）或see / watch / notice （感官动词）+ sb./sth. + V-ing；
Can you hear her singing the song in the next room? 你能听见她在隔壁唱歌吗？
He kept the car waiting at the gate. 他让小汽车在门口等着。

④when / while 等+ v-ing；（常用于省略句中）
⑤常见分词结构短语：generally speaking一般而言；strictly speaking严格说来；judging from/by…从…看来；
一、不定式真题再现：
【2010真题】
1.With Father’s Day around the corner, I have taken some money out of the bank ______ presents for my dad. (2010全国I)
A. buy
B. to buy
C. buying
D. to have bought
答案：B。

句意：父亲节就要到了，我已经从银行取了一些钱，准备给爸爸买些礼物。

考查不定式作目的状语。

（注意：around the corner即将到来）2.I have a lot of readings _____ before the end of this term. (2010山东)
A. completing
B. to complete
C. completed
D. being completed
答案：B。

句意：本学期结束前，我有很多阅读任务需要完成。

考查如下结构：have sth. to do sth.“有…要做”，不定式的逻辑主语需和主句的主语一致；当不定式的逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致时，用have sth. to be done这一结构。

3.His first book ____ next month is based on a true story. (2010陕西) A. published B. to be published
C. to publish
D. being published
答案：B。

句意：他的第一本书下个月将要出版，该书基于一个真实的故事之上。

考查非谓语动词作后置定语，由时间状语next month，可知“出版之事”将要发生。

选项A表示“出版之事”已经完成；选项D表示“出版之事”正在进行。

另book与publish之间存在被动关系。

4.In many people’s opinion, that company, though relatively small, is pleasant _____. (2010四川)
A.to deal with
B.dealing with
C.to be dealt with
D.dealt with
答案：A。

句意：许多人认为，那家公司虽然相对比较小，但与之相处令人愉快。

该题目考查“主语+ be + adj. + 动词不定式”这一结构，其中主语与不定式构成逻辑上的被动关系，但本题目中主语与不定式又构成动宾关系，即deal with the company，故用不定式的主动形式表被动意义。

5.Many buildings in the city need repairing, but the one ______ first is the library. (2010重庆)
A. repaired
B. being repaired
C. repairing
D. to be repaired
答案：D。

句意：本市有许多建筑需要维修，但首先该维修的是图书馆。

依据题意，the one (building) 与repair之间存在被动关系，且“维修之事”即将要发生。

6.We were astonished _______ the temple still in its original condition. (2010辽宁)
A.finding
B.to find
C.find
D.to be found
答案：B。

句意：发现那座寺庙依然是最初的面貌，我们感到很是惊讶。

本题目考查不定式表“出乎意料”的结果；be astonished to do sth. 对做某事而感到吃惊。

7.That is the only way we can imagine ______ the overuse of water in students' bathrooms. (2010上海) A. reducing B. to reduce
C. reduced
D. reduce
答案：B。

句意：那是我们能想到的减少学生们在浴室过度用水的唯一办法。

分析句子结构可知，we can imagine为定语从句，修饰先行词the only way，该题目中不定式也作后置定语。

该题目易误选A，原因imagine后常接动名词作宾语。

8.There were many talented actors out there just
waiting______. (2010江西)
A. to discover
B. to be discovered
C. discovered
D. being discovered
答案：B。

句意：很多有天赋的演员就在那里等待被发现。

考查不定式作目的状语，其中actors与discover之间存在被动关系。

【2009真题】
1. He told us whether ______ a picnic was still under discussion. （2009四川）
A. to have
B. having
C. have
D. had
答案：A。

句意：他告诉我们是否出去野餐还在讨论中。

本题目考查：whether + 不定式，作宾语从句的主语。

（注意：under discussion在讨论中）
2.________, you need to give all you have and try your best. （2009辽宁）
A. Being a winner
B. To be a winner
C. Be a winner
D. Having been a winner
答案：B。

句意：要想成为一名胜利者，你需要付出你的全部并竭尽全力。

本题目考查不定式短语作目的状语。

3. The children all turned _______ the famous actress as she entered the classroom. （2009全国Ⅰ）
A. looked at
B. to look at
C. to looking at
D. look at
答案：B。

句意：当这位著名的女演员走进教室时，所有的孩子都转过头去看她。

本题目考查不定式作目的状语。

4. All of them try to use the power of the workstation _________ information in a more effective way. （2009北京）
A. presenting
B. presented
C. being presented
D. to present
答案：D。

句意：他们都尽力使用工作站的力量以便更有效地为用户提供信息。

本题目考查不定式作目的状语。

5. ______ the project in time, the staff were working at weekends. （2009天津）
A. Competing
B. Having completed
C. To have completed
D. To complete
答案：D。

句意：为了及时完成该项目，全体员工周末都在加班。

本题目考查不定式作目的状语。

6. The play_________next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture. （2009安徽）A. produced B. being produced
C. to be produced
D. having been produced
答案：C。

句意：下个月即将上演的戏剧的主要目的是反映当地文化。

本题目考查不定式作后置定语。

the play与produce之间存在被动关系，由时间状语next month判断，则用不定式的被动式。

7. We are invited to a party _________in our club next Friday. （2009山东）
A. to be held
B. held
C. being held
D. holding
答案：A。

句意：我们应邀参加下周五在我们俱乐部举行的聚会。

a party与hold之间存在被动关系，由时间状语next Friday判断，则选项A符合题意。

to be held表被动且将来；being held表被动且正在进行；held表被动且完成。

8. Nowadays people sometimes separate their waste to make it easier for it ______.（2009湖南）
A. reusing
B. reused
C. reuses
D. to be reused
答案：D。

句意：现在人们有时把废弃物分开，为的是更易于被再次使用。

考查不定式的复合结构“for+名词/代词+不定式”，其中第一个it充当形式宾语；第二个it与reuse之间存在被动关系。

该题目可以改为：Nowadays people sometimes separate their waste to make it easier to reuse.
9. Schools across China are expected to hire 50,000 college graduates this year as short-term teachers, almost three times the number hired last year, _________reduce unemployment pressures.（2009江苏）
A. help
B. to have helped
C. to help
D. having helped
答案：C。

句意：今年全国各学校希望聘用五万名大学毕业生作为短期教师，这个数字式去年的近三倍，旨在减轻就业的压力。

本题目考查不定式作目的状语。

10. With the world changing fast, we have something new _______with all by ourselves every day. （2009重庆）
A. deal
B. dealt
C. to deal
D. dealing
答案：C。

句意：随着世界的迅速变化，我们每一天都要独自地去处理一些新的事物。

考查不定式短语作后置定语，deal with与前面的something new
存在动宾关系，同时we与deal with之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，故用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。

【2008真题】
1. Due to the heavy rain and flooding ,ten million people have been forced ________ their homes （2008上海春）
A. leaving
B. to leave
C. to be left
D. being left
答案：B。

句意：由于暴雨和洪水之灾，有数百万人被迫离开自己的家园。

考查force的用法：force sb. to do sth.强迫某人来做某事；be forced to do sth.被迫来做某事。

2. If there's a lot of work______, I'm happy to just keep on until it is finished. （2008上海）
A. to do
B. to be doing
C. done
D. doing
答案：A。

句意：如果有很多事情要做的话，我会很高兴留下来直到工作结束。

考查不定式作后置定语，to do与work之间存在动宾关系，且表“将来”，故用不定式主动形式表被动意义。

3. I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good ______.（2008全国Ⅰ）
A. to be breathed
B. to breathe
C. breathing
D. being breathed
答案：B。

句意：在夏季，我喜欢早起床。

能够呼吸到早上新鲜的空气。

考查形容词后跟不定式的主动形式表达被动意义：在“主语＋be＋形容词＋不定式”句型中，若主语是不定式结构的逻辑宾语，这时应用主动形式表示被动含义。

适合于此结构的形容词最常用的有amusing, cheap, dangerous, difficult, easy, important, nice, good, pleasant等。

本题中the morning air 与breathe构成动宾关系，故用不定式的主动形式表被动意义。

4. ---Did the book give the information you needed? （2008北京）
---Yes. But _____ it, I had to read the entire book.
A. to find
B. find
C. to finding
D. finding
答案：A。

句意：---这本书有你需要的信息吗？---有。

但是，为了找到它，我不得不读完整本书。

考查不定式作目的状语。

5. I feel greatly honored ____ into their society. （2008北京）A. to welcome B. welcoming
C. to be welcomed
D. welcomed
答案：C。

句意：我感到很荣幸，他们能欢迎我进入他们的社团。

I与welcome之间存在被动关系，故用不定式的被动式。

6. _______ the project as planned, we’ll have to work two more hours a day. （2008湖南）
A. Completing
B. Complete
C. Completed
D. to complete
答案：D。

句意：为了按计划完成这项工程，我们必须每天加班两个小时。

考查不定式作目的状语。

7. The message is very important, so it is supposed ________ as soon as possible.
（2008陕西）
A. to be sent
B. to send
C. being sent
D. sending
答案：A。

句意：这条信息很重要，所以应该尽快发出去。

考查短语：be supposed to do sth.应该，理应做某事；it代替message，则it与send之间存在被动关系，故用不定式一般式的被动式。

8.The director had her assistant _____ some hot dogs for the meeting. （2008全国II）
A. picked up
B. picks up
C. pick up
D. picking up
答案：C。

句意：负责人要她的助手为聚会准备一些热狗食物。

考查使役动词have的用法：have sb. do sth.让某人做某事。

（注意：pick up拾起，接送，学会，接收）
【2007真题】
1. ---The last one ________ pays the meal.
---Agreed! (2007全国I)
A. arrived
B. arrives
C. to arrive
D. arriving
答案：C。

句意：---最后到的人付饭钱。

---同意。

本题目考查：序数词或由序数词所修饰的名词后带定语时，常由不定式来充当。

2.There is nothing more I can try ______ you to stay, so I wish you good luck. (2007上海)
A. being persuaded
B. persuading
C. to be persuaded
D. to persuade
答案：D。

句意：既然我没有办法说服你留下来，我只好祝你好运。

本题目考查不定式作目的状语，该句子可转化为：I can try nothing more to persuade you to stay, so I wish you good luck.（注意：I can try。