2020届陕西省榆林市高三高考一模英语试题 (解析版)

榆林市2020届高考模拟第一次测试
英语试题
本试卷分第I卷（选择题）和第II卷（非选择题）两部分。

全卷满分150 分，考试时间120分钟。

注意事项：
1. 答卷前，请将试题和答题纸上密封线內的项目填写清楚。

2. 选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔填涂在答题纸上。

3. 非选择题用黑色墨水签字笔答在答题纸上每题对应的答题区域內，在试题上作答无效。

4. 考试结束后,将本试卷和答题纸一并交回。

第I卷（选择题共100分）
第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。

录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节（共5小题;每小题1. 5分，满分7. 5分）
听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

1. How does the woman get to work recently?
A. By bike.
B. By car.
C. On foot.
2. What are the speakers talking about?
A. The woman’s granny.
B. The woman’s hometown
C. The woman’s holiday plan.
3. What does the woman plan to do first?
A. Go to the bank.
B. See the dentist.
C. Attend a history class.
4. What is the woman going to clean?
A. The toilets.
B. The bedrooms.
C. The living room.
5. Who used to be late for work?
A. Walter Sullivan.
B. The woman.
C. The man.
第二节（共15小题;每小题1. 5分，满分22. 5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5 秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。

每段对话或独白读两遍。

听下面一段对话，回答第6和第7两个小题。

6. What do we know about the woman?
A. She likes reading very much.
B. She is preparing for the exams.
C. She lacks time to review lessons.
7. What is the man's suggestion for the woman?
A. Treating her studies more seriously.
B. Going for a walk regularly.
C. Balancing study and rest.
听下面一段对话，回答第8和第9两个小题。

8. Which department does Mr. Robbins work?
A. In the personnel department.
B. In the production department.
C. In the marketing department.
9. On which floor is Mr. Robbins' office?
A. The fourth.
B. The seventh.
C. The tenth.
听下面一段对话，回答第10至第12三个小题。

10. Why does the woman make the call?
A. To make a reservation.
B. To discuss the details of a meeting.
C. To get information about the hotels.
11. How will the man send the copies?
A. By e-mail.
B. By fax.
C. By mail.
12. What will the man do this afternoon?
A. Attend a meeting.
B. Meet the woman.
C. Call the woman bad
听下面一段对话，回答第13至第16四个小题。

13. Whore ai*e the speakers?
A. In Britain.
B. In Germany.
C. In France.
14. What does the woman do in most working hours?
A. She handles daily affairs.
B. She deals with e-mails.
C. She manages the telephones.
15. When does the woman usually get off work?
A. At 5:15 pm.
B. At 4 ：30 pm.
C. At 4:15 pm.
16. What is the woman?
A. A secretary.
B. A director.
C. An engineer.
听下面一段独白，回答第17至第20四个小题。

17. What is the program mainly about?
A. College courses.
B. Firefighter training.
C. Emergency escape（紧急逃生）.
18. Where will people practice?
A. On trains.
B. In tall buildings.
C. In a college.
19. What is the requirement of applying for this course?
A. Being over 16 years old.
B. Sacrificing some free time.
C. Having leadership skills.
20. What information does the speaker offer?
A. Her office address.
B. Her phone number.
C. Her e-mail address.
第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选岀最佳选项。

A
Basic information about three classical movies
1. Forrest Gump
"Stupid is as stupid does," says Forrest Gump (played by Tom Hanks in an Oscar-winning performance) as he discusses his relative level of intelligence with a stranger while waiting for a bus. Despite his sub-normal IQ, Gump leads a truly charmed life, with a ringside seat for many of the most memorable events of the second half of the 20th century... (Click here to show more) Rating: PG-13 (Under 13 requires accompanying parent or adult guardian )
Genre: Comedy, Drama, Romance
Directed By: Robert Zemeckis
Written By: Eric Roth
In Theaters: Jul 6, 1994 Wide
On Disc/Streaming: Aug 28, 2001
Box Office：$ 330,000,000
Runtime: 142 minutes
Studio: Paramount Pictures
2. Rain Man
Self-centered, avaricious Californian Charlie Babbitt (Tom Cruise) is informed that his
long-estranged father has died. Expecting at least a portion of the elder Babbitt's $ 3 million estate, Charlie learns that all he's inherited is his dad's prize roses and a 1949 Buick Roadmaster. Discovering that the $ 3 million is being held in trust for an unidentified party, Charlie heads to his home town of Cincinnati to ascertain who that party is. . .. (Click here to show more)
Rating ：R(Under 17 requires accompanying parent or adult guardian)
Genre: Drama
Directed By: Barry Levinson
Written By: Ronald Bass, Barry Morrow, David Rayfiel, Barry Levinson
In Theaters: Dec 16, 1988 Wide
On Disc/Streaming: Jan 1, 2000
Runtime ：133 minutes
Studio ：MGM
3. The Shawshank Redemption
In 1946, a banker named Andy Dufresne (Tim Robbins) is convicted of a double murder, even though he stubbornly proclaims his innocence. He's sentenced to a life term at the Shawshank State Prison in Maine, where another lifer, Ellis "Red" Redding (Morgan Freeman) , picks him as the new recruit most likely to crack under the pressure. But... (Click here to show more)
Rating: R (Under 17 requires accompanying parent or adult guardian)
Genre: A Prison Drama
Directed By: Frank Darabont
Written By: Frank Darabont
In Theaters: Sep 10, 1994 Wide
On Disc/Streaming ：Jan 27, 1998
Runtime: 142 minutes
Studio: Columbia Pictures
1. Who is the director of Rain Man?
A. Frank Darabont.
B. Barry Morrow.
C. Barry Levinson.
D. Robert Zemeckis.
2. The type of The Shawshank Redemption is .
A. prison drama
B. romance
C. love
D. comedy
3. Which of the following persons is regarded to be unintelligent in the three movies?
A. Andy Dufresne.
B. Charlie Babbitt.
C. Forrest Gump.
D. Rain Man.
【答案】1. C 2. A 3. C
【解析】
【分析】
本文为应用文。

本文主要介绍了三部经典电影的基本情况。

这三部电影是《阿甘正传》、《雨人》和《肖申克的救赎》。

【1题详解】
细节理解题。

根据Rain Man 部分中的
“Directed By: Barry Levinson ”可知，Rain Man 的导演是Barry Levinson 。

可知C 符合题意，故选C 。

【2题详解】 细节理解题。

根据The Shaw shank Redemption 部分中的Genre: A Prison Drama ，可知，The Shaw shank Redemption 电影的体裁是A Prison Drama 监狱剧，可知A 项符合题意，故选A 。

【3题详解】
细节理解题。

根据 Forrest Gump 部分中的"Stupid is as stupid does," says Forrest Gump ... Despite his sub-normal IQ, Gump leads a truly charmed life.“傻人有傻福”阿甘（Forrest Gump ）的饰演者汤姆·汉克斯说...。

尽管他(阿甘)的智商低于正常水平，阿甘过着一种真正令人神往的生活。

由此可知，阿甘的智力不高，所以不聪明。

故选C 。

【点睛】广告类材料是高考的热门考题。

其文句简练，信息量大，句式使用简单，表达方式多样，但阅读这类题目也是有规律可循的。

此类文章主要考查学生提取信息和处理信息的能力。

做这类题时没有必要阅读全文。

宜采用“倒序法”来处理。

即先看问题，后看文章内容，略读问题和选项，带着问题阅读。

这类文章以细节理解题为主。

细节题的破解一般采用寻读法，即先看试题，再读文章。

对有关信息进行快速定位，再将相关信息进行整合、甄别、分析、对比，有根有据地排除干扰项，选出正确答案。

此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率，节省了宝贵的时间。

如第1小题属于细节理解题，题干为“ Who is the director of Rain Man?”根据Rain Man
部分中的“Directed By: Barry Levinson”可知，Rain Man的导演是Barry Levinson。

可知C 符合题意，故选C。

第2小题的题干为“The type of The Shawshank Redemption is __. ”。

根据题干定位于the Shawshank Redemption部分中的Genre: A Prison Drama，可知，The Shawshank Redemption电影的体裁是A Prison Drama监狱剧，可知A项符合题意，故选A。

B
There are at least 3 ,000 miles of waterways in Britain. On these canals and rivers, there are over 30,000 'houseboats'—boats that people use as homes. Around 10 ,000 of them are located in London.
The earliest populations of Britain's 'boat people' have been living on the water since the canals were built during the industrial revolution. Since then, houseboat living has usually attracted people who prefer to live an alternative lifestyle. Houseboat communities are typically made up of people who are looking for a slower way of life and who want to be in touch with nature.
Living on the water sounds romantic, but it is also hard work. There are daily things that need to be done, like bringing fuel and water on board and dealing with 'waste' water from kitchen sink, shower and toilet. In winter, living on a boat can be very cold and there is always a feeling of damp. Of course, most boats are quite small inside, so you don't have much space, especially if you are a couple, family or a group of friends.
Despite these difficulties, the number of people living on Britain's waterways has increased by around 50 per cent over the past ten years. More and more families and young professionals are moving onto houseboats, not only because they like the idea of life on water.but also because it is much cheaper to buy or rent a boat than a flat or a house.
There is a great sense of community on the waterways ；many boat people say that their neighbours are always ready to help them, and houseboat neighbours often become friends for life. This is quite a different story from people who live in flats or houses and may hardly know the people next door at all.
4. What does the underlined word "alternative" in paragraph 2 probably mean?
A. Creative.
B. Enjoyable.
C. Non — traditional.
D. Primitive.
5. From the third paragraph, we know that it is to live on the boat.
A. inconvenient
B. easy
C. boring
D. unforgettable
6. Which of the following information is not given in the text?
A. There are lots of rivers and canals in Britain.
B. Many people live on houseboats in Wales.
C. Houseboat living become popular in the industrial revolution.
D. People who live on houseboats are usually very friendly with their neighbours.
7. Why do many people choose to live on the water? Because .
A. living on the water is romantic
B. living on the water is easy and natural
C. living on the water can avoid unfriendly neighbours
D. living on the water costs less than living on the land
【答案】4. C 5. A 6. B 7. D
【解析】
【分析】
本文为说明文。

文章主要介绍了在英国年轻人中流行的一种居住方式“船屋”。

【4题详解】
猜测词义题。

根据第二段划线词"alternative" 后的“Houseboat communities are typically made up of people who are looking for a slower way of life and who want to be in touch with nature.”可知，游艇社区通常是由那些寻求慢节奏生活方式和想要接触大自然的人组成的。

结合第一段“there are over 30,000 'houseboats'—boats that people use as homes.”这些人以船为家的。

即他们以船为家，是因为喜欢慢节奏的生活，想要接触大自然。

这与传统的居住方式不同。

“Since then, houseboat living has usually attracted people who prefer to live an alternative lifestyle”这句是说从工业革命起，游艇生活通常吸引那些喜欢另类生活方式的人。

即这种游艇生活吸引那些喜欢“非传统的”生活方式的人。

选项C. Non — traditional（非传统的）符合题意，故选C。

【5题详解】
推理判断题。

根据第三段“Living on the water sounds romantic, but it is also hard work. ”可知，在水上生活听起来很浪漫，但也很辛苦。

下面的举例“There are daily things that need to be done, .... In winter, living on a boat can be very cold and there is always a feeling of damp. Of course, most boats are quite small inside, ....”比如带上燃料和水，要处理“废水”等。

冬天住在船上
很冷，总有一种潮湿感。

当然，大多数的船里面都很小.......。

由这些例子可知，生活在船上是极不方便的。

故选A。

【6题详解】
细节理解题。

第一段“There are at least 3 ,000 miles of waterways in Britain. On these canals and rivers,... Around 10 ,000 of them are located in London.”可知英国有许多河流和运河，其中大约10000个位于伦敦。

故文章中提到A（英国有许多河流和运河），但B（在威尔士，许多人住在船上）是错误的。

第二段“The earliest populations of Britain's 'boat people' have been living on the water since the canals were built during the industrial revolution. Since then, houseboat living has usually attracted people who prefer to live an alternative lifestyle....”是说自工业革命时期修建运河以来，英国最早的“船民”一直生活在水上。

从那时起，游艇生活通常吸引那些喜欢另类生活方式的人，即说游艇生活在工业革命中变得流行起来，文章提到C（游艇生活在工业革命中变得流行起来）。

最后一段“many boat people say that their neighbours are always ready to help them, and houseboat neighbours often become friends for life.”许多船民说，他们的邻居总是乐于帮助他们，而船上邻居常常成为终生的朋友，可知文章提到D项（住在游艇上的人通常对邻居很友好）。

综合可知B项文章中没有提及，故选B。

【7题详解】
推理判断题。

根据第四段中的“More and more families and young professionals are moving onto houseboats, not only because they like the idea of life on water but also because it is much cheaper to buy or rent a boat than a flat or a house.”越来越多的家庭和年轻的专业人士正搬到游艇上居住，这不仅是因为他们喜欢水上生活，还因为买船或租船比租公寓或房子便宜得多。

由此可推断出生活在水上比生活在陆地上花费少。

分析选项可知D项符合题意，故选D。

【点睛】推理判断试题属于高层次阅读理解题。

这种题型包括判断题和推理题。

这两类题常常相互依存，推理是为了得出正确的判断，正确的判断又依赖于合乎逻辑的推理。

第4小题属于推理判断题。

根据第四段中的“More and more families and young professionals are moving onto houseboats, not only because they like the idea of life on water but also because it is much cheaper to buy or rent a boat than a flat or a house.”越来越多的家庭和年轻的专业人士正搬到游艇上居住，这不仅是因为他们喜欢水上生活的理念，还因为买船或租船比租公寓或房子便宜得多。

由此可推断出生活在水上比生活在陆地上花费少。

分析选项可知D项符合题意，故选D
根据事实细节，推断合理信息。

推理题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，作出一
定判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。

推理题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话，也可是某几句话，但做题的指导思想都是以文字信息为依据，既不能做出在原文中找不到文字根据的推理，也不能根据表面文字信息做多步推理。

也就是说，要做到判断有据, 推论有理, 忠实原文。

切忌用自己的观点代替作者的本意，切忌片面思考，得出片面结论。

C
Delhi has been the centre of a succession of mighty empires and powerful kingdoms in India. Numerous ruins scattered throughout the territory offer a constant reminder of the area's history, which makes the city always be a fascinating place for tourists.
With the development of the city and more and more people moving, the city has expanded several times in size. That is why it is called New Delhi. New Delhi, a city with a population of over 20 million people, has its newest problem: never before has this city met with the worst air problem.
Air pollution in Indians capital surged to its worst levels in years, covering the city in a thick smog that has become an annual public-health emergency despite government vows to solve the problem.
Hundreds of flights were diverted, delayed and canceled over the weekend due to poor visibility, schools and offices were closed Monday and officials rushed to take emergency measures to try to reverse the eroding air quality. Millions of antipollution masks were distributed at schools, colleges, hospitals and markets.
New Delhi, is engulfed each year as the weather cools and a thick haze builds up from the pollutants emitted from cars and coal-based power plants, swirling dust from construction sites and roads and smoke from crop stubble burning in neighboring states. Fireworks and firecrackers to celebrate the Hindu festival of Diwali then arrives, leaving Delhi the world's most polluted city.
The city's air quality index, which measures a mix of dangerous pollutants, registered an average score of 494 Sunday. That is the highest 24-hour average since Nov. 6 , 2016 , when it hit 497, according to data measured by the Central Pollution Control Board.
8. Which of the following is NOT true?
A. Diwali is one of the most important festivals in India.
B. The government did little to protect its citizens against the serious pollution.
C. Such a serious air pollution in New Delhi appears on a regular basis.
D. The index of the recent air pollution is not the worst in the history.
9. Who may not complain about the serious air pollution?
A. The parents whose children have to stay at home.
B. The pilots whose planes have been diverted or delayed.
C. The manufacturers who produce antipollution masks.
D. The officials who have to work out of their offices.
10. Which of the following phrases can replace the underlined word in paragraph 5?
A. Sent out.
B. Sent up.
C. Sent in.
D. Sent on.
11 The title of the passage should be .
A. Problems Caused by the Development of New Delhi
B. Dangerous Pollution Envelops New Delhi
C. Antipollution Masks Are in Great Need in New Delhi
D. Farmers in the Neighboring States are to Blame for Burning Crop Stubble
【答案】8. B 9. C 10. A 11. B
【解析】
本文为说明文。

本文主要叙述了随着城市的发展和越来越多的人口流动，城市规模的扩大，印度的新德里成为世界上污染最严重的城市。

虽然政府发誓解决污染问题，但由于污染严重，整个新德里处于危险的污染中，人们必须戴防污口罩，冬天天气寒冷污染物成雾霾，成为世界是污染最严重的城市。

【8题详解】
推理判断题。

根据第三段“Air pollution in Indians capital surged to its worst levels in years, covering the city in a thick smog that has become an annual public-health emergency despite government vows to solve the problem.”印度首都的空气污染飙升至多年来最严重的水平，笼罩着这座城市的浓雾已成为年度公共卫生紧急事件，尽管政府誓言要解决这个问题。

第四段“New Delhi, is engulfed each year as the weather cools and a thick haze builds up from the pollutants emitted from cars and coal-based power plants, swirling dust ..., leaving Delhi the world's most polluted city.”新德里每年都会被污染吞没，随着天气变冷，汽车和以煤为基础的发电厂排放的污染物、建筑工地和道路上飘动的灰尘，以及邻国农作物秸秆燃烧产生的烟雾，都会形成浓雾。

庆祝印度排灯节的烟花爆竹随后到达，使德里现在成为世界上污染最严重的城市。

第四段“Millions of antipollution masks were distributed at schools, colleges, hospitals and
markets.”可知，在学校、学院、医院和市场上分发了数以百万计的防污口罩。

由此可知，政府尽管发誓解决这种污染，但情况不仅没有改变，反而更加严重，使得人们必须佩戴防毒口罩。

由此可判断出政府几乎没有保护其公民免受严重污染。

故选B。

【9题详解】
推理判断题。

根据第四段“Hundreds of flights were diverted, delayed and canceled over the weekend due to poor visibility, schools and offices were closed Monday and officials rushed to take emergency measures to try to reverse the eroding air quality. Millions of antipollution masks were distributed at schools, colleges, hospitals and markets.”周末期间，由于能见度低，数百架航班被迫改道、延误和取消，学校和办公室周一关闭，官员们紧急采取措施，试图扭转不断恶化的空气质量。

学校、大学、医院和市场分发了数百万个防污染口罩。

由此可知，由于污染严重，学校、大学、医院和市场分发了数百万个防污染口罩。

所以生产防污染口罩的厂家要加大生产，是不会抱怨的，故选C。

【10题详解】
猜测词义题。

根据第五段“New Delhi, is engulfed each year as the weather cools and a thick haze builds up from the pollutants emitted from cars and coal-based power plants, swirling dust from construction sites and roads and smoke from crop stubble burning in neighboring states.”本句是说新德里每年都笼罩在污染中。

因为天气变冷，从汽车和以煤为基础的发电厂“emitted”的污染物形成了厚厚的雾霾。

根据常识可知，汽车和用煤发电的发电厂会“排放或释放”污染物的。

由此可判断“emitted”是排放的意思。

分析选项A. Sent out散发，发出，释放；B. Sent up发射；C. Sent in呈递，提交；D. Sent on转寄，转发。

可知A项（Sent out）符合题意，故选A。

【11题详解】
主旨大意题。

本文主要叙述了随着城市的发展和越来越多的人口流动，城市规模的扩大，印度的新德里成为世界上污染最严重的城市。

虽然政府发誓解决污染问题，但周末的能见度低，数百架航班在周末改道、延误和取消，学校和办公室周一关闭，人们必须戴防污口罩（Millions of antipollution masks were distributed at schools, colleges, hospitals and markets.）。

第五段“New Delhi, is engulfed each year as the weather cools and a thick haze ...swirling dust... leaving Delhi the world's most polluted city.”冬天天气寒冷污染物成雾霾，成为世界是污染最严重的城市。

尤其是最后一段“The city's air quality index, which measures a mix of dangerous pollutants, registered an average score of 494 Sunday. That is the highest 24-hour average since Nov. 6 , 2016 ,
when it hit 497, according to data measured by the Central Pollution Control Board.”该市空气质量指数周日的平均分为494分，该指数衡量的是各种危险污染物的混合物。

根据中央污染控制委员会的数据，这是自2016年11月6日达到497点以来的24小时最高平均值。

由此可知，新德里被严重的污染所笼罩。

分析选项可知B项（危险的污染笼罩着新德里）符合题意，故选B。

D
It has been discovered that after the age of sixteen, the number of our brain cells begins to decrease at a speed of several million a year. They simply die off. In certain types of activity, the human brain is at its highest point in the early twenties, when it has collected enough information to be able to use the vast number of cells freely in the most effective way. Pure mathematics is one of the fields in which this happens, and we know that Albert Einstein made all his world-shaking discoveries between the age of about 20 and 25, and spent the rest of his life tidying them up and arranging them.
But in certain other types of activity (of which being an author is perhaps one), experience is more important than sharpness of brain, and there one usually finds that a person reaches his or her peak much later in life.
Besides sharpness of brain and experience, here is another thing that is very important, and that is wisdom. One can have a very quick, inventive brain and plenty of experience, but if one uses these foolishly, one harms both oneself and others. Wisdom does not always come with age ——there are plenty of foolish middle-aged people about ——but the average person tends to learn wisdom as he gets older, usually by making painful of embarrassing mistakes. Leaning to be wise is basically learning what is not possible ；and what is possible but so difficult that it is not worth all the trouble one has to go through to get there. Mostly, it is learning about human nature ；how real people behave and react, as against how one would like them to behave and react. One can read and hear lot of idealistic stuff about how to make the world a better place, which would be found if it was based on an accurate observation of human nature, but which is basically a waste of time because it is not.
12. According to the writer, the great discoveries made by Albert Einstein were mainly a result
in .
A. years of hard work
B. sharpness of the brain
C. rich experience
D. his deep understanding of the nature
13. Some people achieve success much later in life because .
A. their work often requires much experience
B. they do not have a chance to show their talents
C. they have to learn lessons from failures
D. they fail to realize earlier the importance of hard work
14. The importance of wisdom lies in the fact that .
A. it helps to avoid various mistakes
B. it contributes to one's creativity
C. it encourages one to go forward in face of difficulty
D. it provides the right direction of efforts
15. The writer came to believe that .
A. it is always a waste of time to make plans about the future
B. it is human nature to make attempts on what looks impossible
C. one should always challenge the impossible to push the society forward
D. one has to use wisdom in deciding what is the best thing to do
【答案】12. B 13. A 14. D 15. D
【解析】
本文为说明文。

本篇文章主要说明了人类的大脑在20岁左右于巅峰，在以后的成就多数是因为需要丰富的经验。

除了头脑敏锐和经验丰富外，智慧也非常重要，因为智慧为人们提供了正确的努力方向。

人们要用智慧来决定做什么才是最好的。

【12题详解】
推理判断题。

根据第一段“It has been discovered that after the age of sixteen, the number of our brain cells begins to decrease at a speed of several million a year. They simply die off. In certain types of activity, the human brain is at its highest point in the early twenties, ... and we know that Albert Einstein made all his world-shaking discoveries between the age of about 20 and 25, and spent the rest of his life tidying them up and arranging them.”人们发现，16岁以后，我们的脑细胞数量开始以每年几百万的速度减少。

在某些类型的活动中，人类的大脑在20岁早期处于巅峰状态,... 我们知道阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦在20到25岁之间做出了所有震惊世界的发现。

用余生来整理和安排这些发现。

根据对爱因斯坦所的发现可知，他的伟大的发现是在20-25
岁之间，更是印证了人类大脑在20年代初达到了巅峰（the human brain is at its highest point ），
由此可推断出，本段主要研究人类大脑巅峰期（大脑的最敏锐）
B 项中的sharpness of the brain （大脑最敏锐）与（the human brain is at its highest point ）是同义词的关系，故B 。

【13题详解】
推理判断题。

根据第二段“But in certain other types of activity (of which being an author is perhaps one), experience is more important than sharpness of brain, and there one usually finds that a person reaches his or her peak much later in life.”但在某些其他类型的
活动中(作家可能是其中一种)，经验比头脑的敏捷更重要，人们通常会发现一个人在他一生的晚期才达到顶峰。

由此可推断出有些人在晚年取得成功是因为他们的工作中往往需要很多经验。

分析选项可知A 符合题意，故选A 。

【14题详解】
推理判断题。

第三段“Besides sharpness of brain and experience, here is another thing that is very important, and that is wisdom.... Leaning to be wise is basically learning what is not possible ； and what is possible but so difficult that it is not worth all the trouble one has to go through to get there. Mostly, it is learning about human nature ；how real people behave and react, as against how one would like them to behave and react.”除了敏锐的头脑和丰富的经验外，还有一件事是非常重要的，那就是智慧。

学习成为智者，要基本的了解什么是不可能的；学习有可能但又很困难的东西，以至于不值得一个人为了达到目的而付出所有的努力。

最重要的是了解人性，了解真实的人是如何行为和反应的，以及人们希望他们如何行为和反应的。

由此可推断出智慧的重要性在于智慧能让人知道什么可做，什么不能做，即为人提供正确的努力方向。

分析选项可知D 项符合题意，故选D 。

【15题详解】 推理判断题。

根据最后一段“Leaning to be wise is basically learning what is not possible ；and what is possible but so difficult that it is not worth all the trouble one has to go through to get there. Mostly, it is learning about human nature ；how real people behave and react, as against how one would like them to behave and react. One can read and hear lot of idealistic stuff about how to make the world a better place, which would be found if it was based on an accurate observation of human nature,”成为智者，要大体上知道什么是不可能的。

学习有可能但又如此困难的东西，以至于不值得一个人为了达到目的而付出所有的努力。

最重要的是学习人性，了解真实的人是如何行为和反应的，以及人们希望他们如何行为和反应的。

人们可以读到和听到很多关于如何
使世界变得更美好的理想主义的东西.......由此可推断出聪明的人必须运用智慧来决定最好要做什么事。

分析选项可知D项符合题意，故选D。

第二节（共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选岀能填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项。

___16___ When we meet with something we're not familiar with or something frightening, our brain and body start making changes to help prepare us for the unknown. Dr. Kerr says. "For some people, choosing to be scared can be fun. ”
What good is fear?
___17___ It tells a person to hide, run away, or defend oneself. Faster heartbeat and breathing send more blood and oxygen to the muscles so they are ready when they are needed. Stress chemicals can make a person more alert.
Our memories also help protect us. We keep a close eye on babies because they don't understand what might hurt them. As babies grow, they learn what's unsafe, their brains store those memories. Then their brains use fear to warn them of dangers. "We don't want to be fearless; Dr. Kerr says. “___18___!”
Too much can be harmful
Experiences can lead to long-lasting fears that may stop a person from trying new things. We’re born with the ability to feel fear, but a lot of what we're afraid of is learned.
"Being afraid doesn't mean you’re w eak," Dr. Kerr says. A long-lasting fear can mean you\e had a bad experience, and your brain doesn't want you to have it again. ___19___ Other people may have no special fear of dogs but may be afraid of other
things, such as heights, snakes, or spiders.
How to feel less afraid
Many people have beat their own fears. Here is one method: Instead of listening to their imagination, they learn the facts about anything that seems scary. ___20___.
Dr. Kerr grew up on a farm. As a seven-year-old, she was scared of black bears in the woods. Later, she read about them. " Understanding the facts gave me a sense of confidence, she says. "I knew for sure what to do if I ever met with a bear and how to protect myself."
A. Knowledge can help a person feel less afraid
B. Being scared is not always a bad thing
C Fear is a tool that brain uses to keep the body safe
D. That is why our brain works faster in time of danger
E. It is good to have a healthy sense of what's dangerous
F. Some people are scared to death by his own shadow at night
G. If a dog bit someone, that person might feel afraid of all dogs
【答案】16. B 17. C
18. E 19. G
20. A
【解析】
【分析】
本文为说明文。

文章主要说明我们遇到一些我们不熟悉或令人恐惧的事情时会恐惧，但恐惧并不总是坏事，恐惧有时是大脑用来保护身体安全的工具，危险来临，恐惧会使人躲起来，逃跑，或者自卫。

但太多的恐惧可能有害，可能会阻止一个人尝试新事物。

因此有时我们要克服自己的恐惧，不要想象恐惧的事，还要了解恐惧的原因，用知识减少恐惧。

【16题详解】
考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。

根据空格后的内容“When we meet with something we're not familiar with or something frightening, our brain and body start making changes to help prepare us for the unknown. For some people, choosing to be scared can be fun. ”可知，当我们遇到一些我们不熟悉或令人恐惧的事情时，我们的大脑和身体开始做出改变。

对一些人来说，选择被吓到可能是有趣的。

可知，本空格是说恐惧并不总是坏事。

分析选项可知B项Being scared is not always a bad thing（恐惧并不总是件坏事）符合题意，故选B。

【17题详解】
考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。

根据上句的问题“What good is fear?”恐惧有什么好处？可知，本空格是回答这个问题的。

分析选项可知C项Fear is a tool that brain uses to keep the body safe（恐惧是大脑用来保护身体安全的工具）正是对此问题的回答。

放入句中，与题意一致，故选C项。

【18题详解】
考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。

分析空格前本段内容可知，恐惧会告诉人们躲藏、逃跑或自卫，心跳和呼吸加快会向肌肉输送更多的血液和氧气。

对于恐惧的记忆也有助于保护。