甘肃省临夏中学高二英语任务型阅读练习试题 百度文库

一、高中英语任务型阅读
1．任务型阅读
Make the right choices
What is life's greatest gift?________Choice is the ability to select one course of action from a set of alternatives to achieve a goal. What is so great about choice? It transforms us from dumb animals into artists. Each of us becomes another Michelangelo. Choice becomes nothing other than the tool we use to sculpt (雕刻)our life. The tool doesn't come free, however, for the price of choice is responsibility.________The reward is happiness.
Life is not still. It is a flow.________We constantly need to monitor where we are on our journey. We need to ask questions: Am I moving closer to my goals? If not, what corrective measures can I take? What action will I take now to readjust myself to my goals? Choice is power. Choice is at the heart of life. It is the creative power of life.
________And your life becomes more convenient or comfortable because of them. For example, you decide which stores to shop at and which gas station to go to. But the decisions that we make to sculpt our lives are far more important than deciding where to shop. The more we appreciate the difference between minor and major decisions, the greater the probability that we will experience happiness and fulfillment.
All chess lovers realize that it isn't necessary to win to enjoy the game. The pleasure is in the playing. Life is like a chess game.________
A. It is free will or choice
B. You have to make choices every day
C. Make the best moves you can under the circumstances
D. But when we accept and carry it out, we get a great return
E. Every choice we make leads us closer to or farther from our goals
F. Life is full of hard choices, and the bigger they are, the harder they get
G. Choose to carry out responsibilities not because you have to, but because you want to
【答案】A；D；E；B；C
【解析】【分析】本文主要讲述了每个人每天都要面临各种各样的选择。

正确的选择究竟会给我们的人生带来些什么呢？
(1)本空前有问句，空后出现choice这一关键词，A选项既回答上文问题又引出了下文choice的概念，随后下文承接该话题继续展开。

故答案为A。

(2)其一，该项中carry out it中it指代的是上句中的responsibility；其二，虽然选择意味着责任，但是同时又会给我们带来巨大的回报，故答案为D。

(3)E选项是对上文的not still 和a flow的进一步解释。

另外，其中leads us与下文monitor 相呼应，且E选项中的closer to or farther from our goals与下文的Am I moving closer to my goal? to readjust myself with my goals吻合。

故答案为E。

(4)其一，“因为每天都在选择，而使生活变得更加舒适和方便”。

其二，该空的后文举例说明前文的观点，故该空具有概括意义。

故答案为B。

(5)上文叙述“生活就像下棋”，下文“要走出特定环境下最好的一步棋”，前后为顺接关系，
故答案为C。

【点评】做此类题时，注意分析篇章结构，找出各段的主题句或主旨大意。

分析段落内部的层次，即语篇层次，体会句与句之间的意义关系，把握作者思路，从语序上发现断续点，理清层次。

2．任务型阅读
The environmental group Heal the Bay organized a beach clean-up. And I was one of the volunteers. We went to Venice Beach to clean up the trash.
At first glance, the beach didn't look dirty at all. But then I saw a Styrofoam(泡沫)cup half buried in the sand on the beach. I pulled hard and finally got it out. As we moved farther, we found pieces of Styrofoam spread all over the sand. The Heal the Bay representative had told us that these little pieces of Styrofoam and other small pieces of plastic are what actually harm sea life most. Sea animals eat the plastic. After eating it, they think they are full. As a result, they can die of starvation as they are cheated by their feeling and don't think they need to eat any food. We kept on picking up the trash. Then I saw someone with a full Heal the Bay trash bag and I went to see what was inside. When I opened the trash bag, I found everything from a pair of old jeans and a brown belt to headphones and some plastic bags. It made me very angry with the people who left their things behind without thinking what effects they might have on the ocean. It is really important to protect the ocean. The ocean covers 70 percent of the Earth's surface. A clean ocean not only helps animals in the ocean survive but also helps us survive.
By noon, the sun was shining and the temperature was rising. The volunteers that had spread out across Venice Beach were coming back to throw the trash they had collected into the truck. I could not believe how much trash there was. All together we collected more than 135 bags of trash. I do hope that next time people go to the beach, they will stop littering.
（1）Why did the environmental group go to Venice Beach? (No more than 6 words)
（2）What does the underlined word "starvation" in Paragraph 2 mean in English?(1 word) （3）How did the author feel seeing the trash in that volunteer's trash bag according to Paragraph 3?(No more than 8 words)
（4）How much trash did the volunteer collect all together that day? (No more than 8 words) （5）What do you think of throwing plastic trash on the beach? And why? (No more than 25 words)
【答案】（1）To clean up the trash.
（2）Hunger
（3）He/She felt very angry.
（4）They collected more than 135bags of trash.
（5）It is a very bad habit, because trash thrown on the beach may end up in the sea, resulting in the death of many sea creatures.
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。

环保组织Heal the Bay组织了一次海滩清洁活动,作者是志愿者之一。

他们去了威尼斯海滩清理垃圾。

在清理垃圾的过程中作者感触良多。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的“We went to Venice Beach to clean up the trash. ”可知
环我们去了威尼斯海滩清理垃圾。

所以答案为To clean up the trash。

（2）考查词义猜测。

根据第二段中的“Sea animals eat the plastic. After eating it, they think they are full. As a result, they can die of starvation as they are cheated by their feeling and don't think they need to eat any food. ”可知海洋动物吃了塑料。

吃完之后,他们认为他们已经吃饱了。

结果,因为他们会被不必吃任何食物的感觉所欺骗并觉得自己不需要吃任何东西而死于"starvation"。

根据上下文,可知这里的starvation意思是"饥饿",故答案为Hunger。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的“It made me very angry with the people who left their things behind without thinking what effects they might have on the ocean. ”可知作者在看清楚袋子里的内容之后,对于那些没想过他们可能会对海洋有什么影响就丢垃圾的人感到很生气。

所以答案为He/ She felt very angry.
（4）考查细节理解。

根据最后一段中的“All together we collected more than 135 bags of trash. ”可知他们一共收集了超过135袋垃圾,故答案为They collected more than 135bags of trash.
（5）考查推理判断。

本文要求考生根据文章内容自由发挥,参考答案为. It is a very bad habit,because trash thrown on the beach may end up in the sea,resulting in the death of many sea creatures.
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而做出正确答案。

3．请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。

注意：每个空格只填1个单词。

The changes facing fast-food companies
Fast food was once thought to be recession-proof. When consumers need to cut spending, cheap meals like Big Macs and Whoppers become even more attractive. As a result, fast-food chains have survived the recession better than their more expensive competitors. In 2009 sales at full-service restaurants in America fell by more than 6%, but total sales remained about the same at fast-food chains. In some markets, such as Japan, France and Britain, total spending on fast food increased.
But in this ongoing recession(萧条), which is more severe, not all fast-food companies have been as fortunate. Many, such as Burger King, have seen sales fall. In the recession, while some people trade down to fast food, many others eat at home more frequently to save money. Smaller fast-food chains in America, such as Jack in the Box and Carl's Jr., have been hit particularly hard in this downturn because they cut back spending on advertising.
In face of such challenges, some fast-food companies have sacrificed their own profits by trying to give customers better value. During the recession companies set prices low, hoping to tempt more customers through the door. But in many cases that strategy doesn't work. Some companies are rethinking their strategies. KFC has launched a chicken sandwich that costs around $5 to attract consumers away from $1 specials.
Companies are also trying to get customers to buy new and more items, including drinks. McDonald's started sellin g better coffee as a challenge to Starbucks. Its “McCafe” line now accounts for an estimated 6% of sales in America. As fast-food companies shift from “super size” to “more buys”, they need to keep customer traffic high throughout the day. Many see breakfa st as a big opportunity, and not just for fatty food. McDonald's has started selling porridge in America, because the profits can be high.
But what about those growing waistlines? So far, fast-food firms have cleverly avoided government regulation. By providing options like salads and low-calorie sandwiches, they have at least given the impression of doing something about helping to fight obesity(肥胖). These offerings don't necessarily lead to profit loss, as they can broaden the appeal of stores to groups of diners that include some people who don't want to eat a burger.
But calls for tougher government regulation never wear down. This year Congress passed America's health-reform bill, which requires restaurant chains with 20 or more stores to put the calorie-content of items they serve to the menu. And the recent proposal by a county in California to ban McDonald's from including toys in its high-calorie “Happy Meals”, because law makers believe it attracts children to unhealthy food, suggests that fast-food companies will have to continue trying something new.
The changes facing fast-food companies
⑴________ ⑵________ ⑶________ ⑷________ ⑸________ ⑹________ ⑺________ ⑻____
____ ⑼________ ⑽________
【答案】survivors/competitors/businesses/companies；appeals；instead；decreased/reduced/less；Strategies/Measures/Approaches/Solutions/Ways；high/higher；added；profitable；healthy/healthier；creative/innovative/flexible/adaptable
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了快餐公司在经济衰退中面临的挑战以及他们所采取的对策，同时指出随着更严格的食品法的实施，快餐公司应变得更有创造性。

（1）考查名词。

根据第一段中的“As a result, fast-food chains have survived the recession better than their more expensive competitors.”快餐连锁店在经济衰退中比那些价格更高的竞争对手生存得更好，他们成为了更好的幸存者、竞争者、企业或公司，故填survivors/competitors/businesses/companies。

（2）考查动词。

根据第一段中的“When consumers need to cu t spending, cheap meals like Big Macs and Whoppers become even more attractive.”可知，在经济衰退期间，便宜的快餐更吸引消费者，appeal to表示“吸引”，故填appeals。

（3）考查固定搭配。

根据第二段中的“In the recession, while some people trade down to fast food, many others eat at home more frequently to sav e money.”可知，在经济衰退期间，很多人为了省钱选择在家吃饭而不是出去吃，insead of表示“代替、而不是”，故填instead。

（4）考查形容词。

根据第二段中的“Smaller fast-food chains in America, such as Jack in the Box and Carl's Jr., have been hit particularly hard in this downturn because they cut back spending on adverti sing. ”可知，小型的快餐公司在经济衰退中受到更沉重的打击是因为它们削减了广告开支，修饰名词spending用形容词，表示“更少的、被削减的”，故填decreased/reduced/less。

（5）考查名词。

第三、四段介绍了快餐公司为了应对这些挑战所采取的对策，故填Strategies/Measures/Approaches/Solutions/Ways。

（6）考查形容词。

根据第三段中的“Some companies are rethinking their strategies. KFC h as launched a chicken sandwich that costs around $5 to attract consumers away from $1 specials.”可知，一些快餐公司重新考虑他们的战略，像肯德基就推出了一款售价5,美元的鸡肉三明治以吸引消费者放弃1美元的特价，与1美元的特价相比，他们的商品的价格是较高的，故填high/higher。

（7）考查名词。

倒数第三段举麦当劳卖咖啡和早餐粥为例证明快餐公司的食谱中增加一些新食品来保持较高的客流量，故填added。

（8）考查形容词。

根据倒数第三段中的“McDonald's has started selling porridge in America, because the profits can be high.”可知，麦当劳卖早餐粥是因为它的利润更大，此处用形容词作表语，故填profitable。

（9）考查形容词。

根据倒数第二段中的“So far, fast-food firms have cleverly avoided government regulation. By providing options like salads and low-calorie sandwiches, they have at least given the impression of doing something about helping to fight obesity”可知，快餐公司提供像沙拉和低卡路里的三明治这样健康的食物来避开政府监管，故填healthy/healthier。

（10）考查形容词。

根据最后一段中的“suggests that fast-food companies will have to co ntinue trying something new.”可知，随着更为严格的食品法的通过，快餐公司需要继续尝
试新的东西，更有创造性、更灵活，此处缺少形容词作表语，故填creative/innovative/flexible/adaptable。

【点评】信息匹配题解题步骤：（一）先“少”后“多”；（二）锁定关键信息：抓实词；（三）信息匹配题１.寻找同义、相同的词或词组；２.寻找近义词或词组；３.留意数字（包括时间）；（四）读懂省略文字；（五）学会“认”生词；（六）巧用标注记号。

4．根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项。

Porridge doesn't have a very tasty name, does it? ________. I'm here to try and convince you that porridge can be a delicious, convenient and very healthy way to start the day.
Porridge is a type of food served for breakfast, usually a type of grain with either milk or water. It is thicker than liquid, but not solid. ________, so it's a very good option for people who are ill, and it provides long-lasting energy for the day.
Porridge preparation, such as the amount of materials and cooking time depends on what you choose to use as your porridge base. ________, I put a very big handful of oats (麦片) in a pot, add a little bit of water and about 200ml of milk, and let the mixture boil. It takes about five minutes to cook.
Once it's cooked, the fun part is adding the flavors (味道). Porridge alone doesn't have a very strong flavour. ________, I think this is what makes porridge exciting! It is like a blank piece of paper-you can add almost anything you want to the porridge base. Seeds, nuts and dried fruits are very healthy options to add and can give you energy for the day. But if you don't like these, or you're allergic, then sugar and chocolate are also very tasty options.
________. Either oats or corn or both are "staple foods" for most people on the earth. You can usually buy big bags of either, then add local materials to make your porridge interesting-whatever is cheap and convenient to find, wherever you are.
Hopefully porridge sounds a lot tastier now!
A．If you've never eaten it
B．If I'm cooking for myself
C．The porridge base is very easy to digest
D．It doesn't have a very tasty reputation, either
E．It is often heated up but lacks all kinds of nutrition
F．You can make porridge almost anywhere in the world
G．Although some people think this makes porridge boring
【答案】 D；C；B；G；F
【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。

粥是很好的早餐，但是很多人不喜欢它，认为其寡淡无味。

在读完文章之后，你会对粥有一个全新的认识。

（1）根据前文“Porridge doesn't have a very tasty name, does it?”可知，粥听起来并不美味，因此本空承接上文论述，故答案选D。

（2）根据后文“so it's a very goo d option for people who are ill, and it provides long-lasting energy for the day.”可推测粥很好消化，所以对于生病的人来说是一个很好的选择，它能为
人体提供持久的能量，故答案选C。

（3）根据下文“I put a very big handful of oats (麦片) in a pot, add a little bit of water and about 200ml of milk, and let the mixtur e boil. It takes about five minutes to cook.”可知是作者在叙述煮粥的方法，故对应下文应选B“如果我煮粥的话”，我会把一大把燕麦放进锅里，加一点点水，约200克牛奶，然后煮开这种混合物。

故答案选B。

（4）根据后文“I think this is what makes porridge exciting!”（我认为这正是粥令人兴奋的地方）可知，此空应为与后文完全相反的观点，故可对应到G选项：虽然有些人认为这使粥无聊。

故答案选G。

（5）根据本段最后一句“wherever you are”可知，你几乎可以在世界上任何地方做粥。

故答案选F。

【点评】阅读理解七选五解题步骤
1）分析选项，串联主题：了解文章的主题、大意，会让解题的方向更明确。

2）研究空格前后，对比选项，选择答案。

3）复读短文，核对答案：为了保证答案的正确性，一定要把答案代入原文，进行核对检查。

5．Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Screen Time: How Much Is Too Much?
Many children spend a lot of time watching or playing with electronic media—from televisions to video games, computers and other devices. ________ Perhaps parents now should ease up on their concerns about screen time, at least for older boys and girls.
Until last year, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) suggested that children and teenagers have no more than two hours of screen time a day. It also suggests that parents balance a child's screen time with other activities.
________ Christopher Ferguson, who teaches psychology at Stetson University in Florida, notes a lack of evidence supporting reports that too many hours spent playing video games or watching TV is truly harmful.
Ferguson seems interested in one idea: the link between video games and violent or risky behavior. When he saw results from a recent British survey on screen time, he wanted to know more. The British study found a small negative effect—about a one percent increase—in aggression and depression among children who had six or more hours of screen time a day. ________ So, Ferguson and his team examined answers from a survey on risky behaviors. The study involved about 6,000 boys and girls in Florida, whose average age was 16.
Data from this survey found that American children are also fairly resistant to the negative effects of electronic media. Among those who used screens up to six hours a day, the survey found: a 0.5 percent increase in criminal behavior; a 1.7 percent increase in signs of depression; and a 1.2 percent negative effect on school grades. ________ To further argue his point that screen time is not harmful, Ferguson adds that children should become familiar with screen technology. Electronic devices, he says, are a part of our everyday lives.
A. Some negative experiences on social media can and do affect some children.
B. However, some experts question claims that too much screen time is harmful.
C. He wanted to see if there was a similar effect among young people in the United States.
D. So, it is natural that parents should wonder about all the time children spend looking at a screen.
E. The researchers found no increase in risky sex or driving behaviors, use of illegal substances or eating disorders.
F. The researchers suggested that for those children, technology use might get in the way of taking part in other important activities.
【答案】 D；B；C；E
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，许多孩子花很多时间看或玩电子媒体——从电视到电子游戏、电脑和其他设备。

美国儿科学会建议儿童和青少年每天看屏幕的时间不超过两个小时。

一些专家质疑过多的屏幕时间是有害的，Stetson 大学心理学教授Christopher Ferguson指出，没有证据支持长时间玩电子游戏或看电视确实有害的说法。

（1）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。

根据空前“Many children spend a lot of time watching or playing with electronic media—from televisions to video games, computers and other devices.”可知许多孩子花很多时间看或玩电子媒体——从电视到电子游戏、电脑和其他设备。

再根据空后“parents now should ease up on their concerns about screen time, at least for older boys and girls.”提到了父母对孩子长时间看电子产品的看法，可知本空是提出父母对孩子花在看屏幕上的时间感到好奇是很自然的。

故选D。

（2）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。

根据空后“Christopher Ferguson, who teaches psychology at Stetson University in Florida, notes a lack of evidence supporting reports that too many hours spent playing video games or watching TV is truly harmful.”Stetson 大学心理学教授Christopher Ferguson指出，没有证据支持长时间玩电子游戏或看电视确实有害的说法。

因此可推测上文是提出"一些专家质疑过多的屏幕时间是有害的"，故选B。

（3）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。

根据空前“The British study found a small negative effect—about a one percent increase—in aggression and depression among children who had six or more hours of screen time a day.”提到一项英国研究发现，在每天看电视时间超过6小时的儿童中，攻击性和抑郁会有一个小的负面影响——大约增加1%。

因此他想看看在美国的年轻人中是否也有类似的影响。

故选C。

（4）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。

根据空前“Among those who used screens up to six hours a day, the survey found: a 0.5 percent increase in criminal behavior; a 1.7 percent increase in signs of dep ression; and a 1.2 percent negative effect on school grades. ”调查发现，在每天使用屏幕长达6小时的人群中，犯罪行为增加了0.5%；抑郁症的症状增加了1.7%;以及1.2%对学习成绩的负面影响。

即下文继续列举长时间看屏幕对其他犯罪行为的影响，故E选项：研究人员发现，危险的性行为、驾驶行为、使用非法药物或饮食失调的情况没有增加。

符合题意，故选E。

【点评】本题要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。

6．Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Many people know that trash is a big problem on planet Earth. What many people don't know
is that trash has become a problem in outer space too. ________
Statistically, there are more than 22,000 pieces of junk in space around the earth. And these are just the items that we can see from the surface of the earth by telescopes or radars. ________
Objects, like bits of old space rockets or satellites, move around the planet at very high speeds, so fast that even a very small piece can break important satellites or become dangerous to people, particularly astronauts. If the tiniest piece of junk crashed into a spacecraft, it could damage the vehicle. That's because the faster an object moves, the greater the impact if the object collides with something else.
To help minimize additional space junk, countries around the world have agreed to limit the time their space tools stay in orbit to 25 years. Each tool must be built to fall safely into the earth's atmosphere, or the mass of gases that surround the earth, after that. ________
Many scientists are also proposing different ways to clean up space junk. The Germans have been planning a space mission with robots that would collect pieces of space trash and bring them back to Earth so that they can be safely destroyed.
"In our opinion the problem is very challenging, and it's quite urgent as well," said Marco Castronuovo, an Italian Space Agency researcher who is working to solve the problem. ________ Many of these objects are tools that help people use their cell phones or computers. "The time to act is now; as we go farther in time we will need to remove more and more fragments," he says.
A. One reason that it's urgent is that countries are sending more and more objects into space.
B. There are also millions of smaller pieces of junk that we can't see.
C. Blowing up older satellites with a missile may create thousands of smaller pieces!
D. In the upper parts of the atmosphere, it will burn up.
E. When two objects in space collide, the two objects break into many smaller pieces.
F. Years of space exploration have left tons of "space junk" in orbit around the planet.
【答案】 F；B；D；A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍太空垃圾越来越严重，急需解决。

（1）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。

根据空后“Statistically, there are more than 22,000 pieces of junk in space around the earth.”可知，数据上来看，地球周围的太空超过22000块垃圾，F. Years of space exploration have left tons of "space junk" in orbit around the planet.“多年的太空探索在地球轨道上留下了数以吨计的垃圾”，后一句例举了具体的数据，承接后文，切题，故选F。

（2）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。

根据空前“And these are just the items that we can see from the surface of the earth by telescopes or radars.”可知，那些垃圾都是可以通过望远镜和雷达观察到的，B. There are also millions of smaller pieces of junk that we can't see.“还有很多小块垃圾我们看不清”，与前一句形成对比，切题，故选B。

（3）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。

根据空前“Each tool must be built to fall safely into the earth's atmosphere, or the mass of gases that surround the earth, after that.”可知，每个发射工具必须能够安全落入地球的大气层，D. In the upper parts of the atmosphere, it will burn up.“在地球的大气层上空，这些太空探测工具能够燃烧”，陈述前一句话的结果和
目的，切题，故选D。

（4）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。

根据空前“In our opinion the problem is very challenging, and it's quite urgent as well”以及空后“Many of these objects are tools that help people use their cell phones or computers.”可知，太空垃圾问题很难解决，也很紧急，A. One reason that it's urgent is that countries are sending more and more objects into space.“紧急的原因在于人们发射了更多的卫星到太空，这些卫星主要用于帮助人们上网”，讲述紧急的原因，切题，故选A。

【点评】本题要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。

7．请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。

注意:每个空格只填1个单词。

The urge to share our lives on social media
People have long used media to see reflections of themselves. Long before mobile phones or even photography, diaries were kept as a way to understand oneself and the world in which one lives. In the 18th and 19th centuries, as diaries became more popular, middle-class New Englanders, particularly white women, wrote about their everyday lives and the world around them.
These diaries were not a place into which they poured their innermost thoughts and desires, but rather a place to chronicle (记录) the social world around them. The diaries captured the everyday routines of mid-19th-century life, and women diarists in particular focused not on themselves but on their families and their communities.
Diaries today are, for the most part, private. But things were different for these New England diaries. Young women who were married would send their diaries home to their parents as a way of maintaining kin (血缘) relations. When family or friends came to visit, it was not uncommon to sit down and go through one's journal together.
Diaries are not the only media that people have used to document lives and share them with others. We have long used media like photo albums, baby books and even slide shows as a means of creating traces (痕迹) of our lives. We do this to understand ourselves and to see trends in our behaviour. We create traces as part of our identity and part of our memory.
Sharing everyday life events can strengthen social connection and intimacy (亲密感). For example, you take a picture of your child's first birthday. It is not only a developmental milestone: the photo also strengthen the identity of the family unit itself. The act of taking the photo and proudly sharing it further reaffirms (再次证实) one as a good and attentive parent. In other words, the media traces of others figure in our own identities.
Today's social media platforms are, by and large, free to use, unlike historical diaries, which people had to buy. Today, advertising subsidises (补贴) our use of networked platforms. Therefore these platforms encourage use of their networks to build larger audiences and to better target them. Our pictures, our posts, and our likes are commodified—that is, they are used to create value through increasingly targeted advertising.
Instead of social media merely connecting us, it has become a craze (狂热) for information, continually trying to draw us in with the promise of social connectivity—it's someone's birthday,
someone liked your picture, etc. There's a multibillion-dollar industry pulling us into our smartphones, relying on a longstanding human need for communication.
The urge to be present on social media is much more complex than simply narcissism (自恋). Social media of all kinds not only enable people to see their reflections, but to feel their connection as well.
free/nothing；commodities；catering；connection/communication
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了早期的和现代社交媒体的特点和影响。

（1）考查信息归纳。

根据第一段中的“Long before mobile phones or even photography，diaries were kept as a way to understand oneself and the world in which one lives”可知，早在手机和摄影出现以前，日记是人们了解自己和世界的方式，在手机和摄影出现以前的方式属于早期（最初）的媒体，故填early/primitive。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的“Long before mobile phones or even photography，diaries were kept as a way to understand oneself and the world in which one lives”可知，在手机和摄影出现以前，人们通过日记来了解自己和世界，故填diaries。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的“Diaries today are, for the most part, private”及“When family or friends came to visit, it was not uncommon to sit down and go through one's journal together.”可知，现在，日记是很私人的东西，但在那时，已婚的年轻女性与家人和朋友分享自己的日记是很平常的事情，故填share。

（4）考查信息概括。

根据第四段中的“Diaries are not the only media that people have used to document lives and share them with others.”及第五段中的“Sharing everyday l ife events can strengthen social connection and intimacy”等信息可知，这两段主要介绍了社交媒体的好处
（功能/目的），故填Functions/Purposes/Benefits。

（5）考查细节理解。

根据第四段中的“We create traces as part of our identity and part of our memory.”可知，我们创造痕迹作为我们身份和记忆的一部分，也就是说，我们一直通过社交媒体来展示我们是谁以及我们在生活中经历了什么，故填who。

（6）考查细节归纳。

根据第五段中的“Sharing everyday life events can strengthen social connection and intimacy”可知，分享日常生活中的事情可以加强社会联系和亲密感，也就是说可以使家庭成员之间的关系更亲密，故填close/closer。

（7）考查细节理解。

根据第六段中的“Today's social media platforms are, by and large, free to use”可知，现在的社交媒体平台都是免费使用，故填free/nothing。

（8）考查信息归纳。

根据第六段中的“Our pictures, our posts, and our likes are commodified—that is, they are used to create value through increasingly targeted advertising. ”可知，我们的图片、帖子、喜好都是商品化的，它们被用来通过越来越有针对性的广告来创造价值，也就是说我们的私人数据通过定向广告被用作商品，故填commodities。

（9）考查信息归纳。

根据倒数第二段中的“Instead of social media merely connecting us, it has become a craze ( 狂热 ) for information, continually trying to draw us in with the promise of social connectivity—it's someone's birthday, someone liked your picture, etc.”可知，社交媒体不再只是把我们联系在一起，它已经成为一种对信息的狂热，不断地试图用社交连接来吸引我们——有人过生日、有人喜欢你的照片等等，也就是说社交媒体通过迎合我们的需要来吸引我们，故填catering。

（10）考查细节理解。

根据最后一段中的“Social media of all kinds not only enable people to see their reflections, but to feel their connection as well.”可知，社交媒体会让人们感受到他们与外界的交流与联系，人们对此很感兴趣，故填connection/communication。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，信息归纳和信息概括三个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，要求考生准确掌握细节信息，并，结合相关的语法知识和词汇知识，做出正确答案。

8．阅读下面短文，然后按要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。

Everybody gets angry sometimes. Being angry doesn't really solve much---but what people do when they feel angry is important. The goal is to calm yourself down and try to solve whatever problem is bothering you. This is hard for some kids (and adults too). Instead of calming down, some kids might keep getting more and more upset until they explode like a volcano!
Some kids get angry more often or more easily than some other kids. Their anger might be so strong that the feelings gets out of control and causes them to act in ways that are unacceptable and hurtful. People might say kids like this have a temper, which is a term for acting out of control. Some kids might get so angry that they scream at their mom or dad, hit the wall, close doors violently, break something, or even hit a brother or sister. Kids are allowed to express their feelings, even angry ones, but it's not OK for a kid to do any of those things. Kids don't want to (or mean to) act this way---but sometimes angry feelings can be hard to manage.
【写作内容】
1）以约30个词概括上文的主要内容；2）结合上述信息，简要分析导致孩子发脾气的主要原因；3）提出建议如何控制发脾气（不少于两点）。