高三英语一轮复习 第1部分 基础知识解读 Unit 15 Learning教师用书 北师大版必修5-

Unit 15 Learning
(对应学生用书第105页)
[单词拼写应用]
Ⅰ.考纲单词——会拼写、要识记
1．secure adj.稳定的；无忧无虑的；安全的2．adapt vt.(使)适应；改编
3．bury vt.埋葬
4．alternative adj.非传统的；另类的5．outstanding adj.杰出的，优秀的6．reputation n. 名誉，名声
7．obey vt.服从，听从
8．select vt.挑选
9．lack vt.缺乏，没有
10．access n. (使用或见到的)机会，权利11．acquire vt.获得，得到
12．shadow n. 阴影，影子
13．oxygen n. 氧气
14．conservative adj.保守的，旧式的15．religion n. 宗教
16．conventional adj.传统的，保守的17．civilisation n. 文明
18．swell v. 肿胀
19．biochemistry n. 生物化学
Ⅱ.派生单词——能辨别
1．ignore vt.忽视，不顾
→ignorance n. 无知
2．suspect v. 怀疑
→suspicious adj.可疑的
→suspicion n. 怀疑，嫌疑
3．simplify vt.简化
→simple adj.简单的，易懂的
4．urge vt.力劝，强烈要求
→urgent adj.紧急的
5．instruct v. 教导，指导
→instruction n. 教导，指导
→instructive adj.有益的；有教育意义的6．reflect vt.反映；反射
vi.思考
→reflection n. 反射；反省，想法7．worthwhile adj.值得努力的
→worthy adj.值得的
→worth adj.值得……的
n. 价值
8．defence n. 保卫，保护
→defend v. 防御，保卫
9．assumption n. 假定，假设
→assume vt.假定，假设
10．inspire v. 鼓舞；启发
→inspiration n. 灵感，鼓舞(激励)人心的人/事→inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的
11．beneficial adj.有用的，有益的
→benefit v. 对……有益，受惠
n. 利益
12．appreciation n. 欣赏
→appreciate vt.重视，鉴赏，感激
13．distinguish vt.区别，辨别
→distinguished adj.(外表或举止)有尊严的，高贵的；卓越的，杰出的
14．approve v. 赞成；认可；满意
→approval n. 赞成；认可；满意
Ⅲ.语境应用(用所给词的适当形式填空)
1．Sunlight reflection(reflect) may relieve global warming.(2017·江苏高考) 2．The little problems that we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations(inspire) for great inventions.(2017·北京高考)
3．I think grey hair makes you look very distinguished (distinguish)．
4．What was especially important for Tim's successful defence(defend) in the football game?
5．Adopted children shouldn't be kept in ignorance(ignore) about their true origins. 6．They appreciated our help with that and this appreciation seemed not to be enough.(appreciate)
7．Everyone knows the benefit of learning English and if you work hard，it will be beneficial to your future career.It is reported that many graduates have benefited from having a good command of English.(benefit)
8．The teacher instructed that all the students should attend the instructive lecture，for the professor's instruction would be of great help to our study.(instruct)
[拓展联想]
Ⅰ.短语回顾——会默写
1．lay off 裁员；解雇2．aside from 除……之外3．set off 使爆炸；引发4．be accustomed to 习惯于5．approve of 赞成，赞许6．as a whole 总的来说7．switch off 关闭
8．to a certain extent 在某种程度上9．tend to 往往会，倾向于10．frankly speaking 说实话，老实说11．go up 上涨，上升12．go blank 发呆，默然13．put forward 提出
14．in conclusion 最后，总之
15．to start with 首先，第一
Ⅱ.语境应用(用上述短语的适当形式填空)
1．Her father will never approve of her marriage to Tom.
2．Frankly speaking，I don't think it's a good idea.
3．Bill has lost his job.His firm laid him off two weeks ago.
4．To start with，China is ready to strengthen scientific and technological cooperation with many countries.
5．The northern people of China tend to eat more noodles，while the southern people eat more rice.
6．We will set off in the direction of the mountain tomorrow morning.
7．It is said that prices of oil will go up next week.
8．As a whole，his homework is the best in our class.
9．I have been accustomed to getting up early since last year.
10．She can speak five foreign languages aside from English.
11．My brain went blank when I came across a difficult question during the exam. 12．To a certain extent，I am in favor of your project.
[拓展联想]
(对应学生用书第107页)
精讲7个考纲单词
instruct vt.指导，教导；指示，命令
[教材原句] I got my grandson to instruct me on how to email and use the Internet and I really enjoy the speed at which my messages get sent and answered.我让孙子教我怎样收发电子邮件和使用互联网，我真的很喜欢信息的传送和回复速度。

(1)instruct sb. to do... 命令某人做……
instruct sb. that sb.(should) do sth.
命令某人做某事
(2)instruction n. [C]用法说明；操作指南；指示；命令；
[U]教授
follow the instructions 遵照说明
(3)instructive adj.有教益的，有启发的；指导性的
①The letter instructed him to report to the manager at once.那封信指示他立即问经理报告。

②The general instructed that his army (should) take (take)control of that area to cut off the enemy's reinforcement troops.
将军命令他的部队占领那个地区来切断敌人的增援部队。

③Be sure to follow the instructions (instruct) printed on the back of the box，or it may do harm to your health.务必按照盒子背面的说明去做，否那么它可能对你的身体造成伤害。

[名师点津] instruction作“指导；讲授；教育〞讲时为不可数名词，其后常与介词in 搭配；复数instructions表示“操作指南；用法说明；命令〞讲时，其后常跟介词on，for 或about引导的短语。

distinguish vt.区别，辨别；使具有某种特征
[教材原句] If the room hadn't been dark，he would have distinguished the two
pictures.如果房间不是太暗的话，他就会辨认出那两张照片了。

(1)distinguish between...and...
区分/辨别……和……
distinguish...from... 使……有别于……
distinguish oneself (as...) (作为……)表现突出
(2)distinguished adj.卓越的；著名的；杰出的
be distinguished for 因……而出名
(3)distinguishable adj.易分辨的；能区分的
distinction n. 区别；卓越
①The twins are so alike；it's difficult to distinguish one from the other.
这对双胞胎长得太像了，很难分辨谁是谁。

②The man distinguished himself (him) by his wisdom.这个人因智慧而扬名。

③Mo Yan is distinguished (distinguish) for his good knowledge of literature. 莫言因其文学知识丰富而成名。

链接写作
[导学号：33220054] 剪纸以其多样化的形式而闻名于世。

(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)
①(普通表达)Chinese paper­cutting is famous for its varieties of forms in the world.
②(高级表达)Chinese paper­cutting is distinguished for its varieties of forms in the world.
lack v．缺少；缺乏 n．缺乏；不足；没有
[高考佳句] To be punctual one has to have self­discipline (自律)，and the lack of it affects others.(2015·陕西高考·任务型阅读)
一个人要做到守时，必须有自律意识，而缺乏自律意识会影响到他人。

(1)lack (for)＋n. 需求……；需要……
(2)for/through lack of＋n. 因缺乏……
a lack of＋n. 缺乏……
(3)lacking adj.短缺的；缺乏的
be lacking in 缺少
①The research lacks solid evidence，and therefore，its conclusions are doubtful. 研究缺乏实证，因此所得出的结论还有待考证。

②Mo re and more high­rise buildings have been built in big cities for lack of space. 由于缺少空间，大城市建起了越来越多的高楼。

③Poetry written from the perspective of the urban youth tends to reveal their anxiety over a lack of sense of belonging.从都市青年的角度写的诗歌倾向于反映他们对缺乏归属感的焦虑。

[名师点津] (1)lack既可以作动词也可作名词。

作及物动词时，后面直接跟宾语，作不及物动词时常接介词for；作名词时，后面常用介词of。

(2)lacking为形容词，但一般不放在名词前作定语。

access n．接近或进入之路；(使用或见到的)机会，权利
[高考佳句] People have better access to health care than they used to，and they're living longer as a result.(2017·北京高考)人们有了比过去更便捷的医疗服务，结果，人们更长寿了。

(1)access to 进入……；与……会面
gain/obtain/get/have access to
有权进入……；有权使用……
give access to 接见；准许进入
(2)accessible adj.易到达的，易接近的
be accessible to 对……而言容易接近的；容易进入的
①The only access to the farmhouse is across the fields.去农舍的唯一通路是穿过田野。

②Frank put the medicine in the top drawer to make sure it would not be accessible (access) to the kids.
弗兰克把药放在最上面的抽屉里，以确保孩子们够不到。

[名师点津] access to与be accessible to中的to均为介词，后面要跟名词或动名词。

worthwhile adj.值得努力的
[高考佳句] Boys who worked in the home or community gained competence and came to feel they were worthwhile members of society.(2016·天津高考·阅读理解C ) 在家里或社区里工作的男孩们获得了能力并且开始感到他们是社会中有价值的成员。

(1)It is worthwhile to do/doing sth. 值得做某事 (2)be (well) worth doing
……(非常)值得做 be worth the money/an effort
值得花钱/努力 be worth it 值得一干；值得花精力(或时间)
(3)be worthy ＋⎩⎨⎧
⎭⎪⎬⎪⎫of being done to be done ……值得做of ＋n .〔＝be worth ＋n .〕值得
①It is not worthwhile to discuss/discussing the question again and again. 这个问题不值得一次又一次地讨论。

②She is an ordinary woman but she is really worth respecting (respect)． 她是个普通的女人，但她真的值得尊重。

③This article is well worth reading ，but it is not worthy of being translated (translate)．
这篇文章很值得一读，但不值得翻译。

链接写作
[导学号：33220055]
那个景点值得一看。

①The attraction is well worth visiting (visit)．
②It is worthwhile to visit (visit) the attraction.
③The attraction is worthy of being visited (visit)．
④The attraction is worthy to be visited (visit)．
⑤It is worthwhile visiting (visit) the attraction.
[名师点津] worth 一般只作表语，可用程度词well 修饰；而worthy 和worthwhile 既可作表语又可作定语。

approve vi.赞成；同意 vt.批准
[高考佳句] Before building work began，a lot of people didn't want the Shard though the plans were approved.(2014·湖北高考·阅读理解B)在建造之前，虽然计划得到批准，但是许多人却不想要Shard这座摩天大楼。

(1)approve of sth./doing sth. 赞成某事，同意做某事
approve of sb. doing sth. 同意某人做某事
(2)approval n. 赞成；同意
in approval 同意地
meet with sb.'s approval 得到某人的批准
win/earn sb.'s approval 取得某人的同意/赞成
with/without approval of 经/未经……的批准
①I approve of your trying to make some money，but please don't neglect your studies. 我赞成你尝试去赚些钱，但不要荒废学业。

②By doing well at school he hoped to win his parents' approval (approve)．
他在学校表现不错，希望以此得到父母的赞许。

[名师点津] (1)approve表示“赞成；同意〞时，是不及物动词，假设后接宾语，要借助介词of。

(2)不要将汉语的“赞成某人做某事〞直译成approve sb. to do...或在其后跟that从句，可改用approve of sb.'s doing sth.。

(3)approval作“赞成，认可〞讲时，后面常接of短语，不接动词不定式。

③—So you promised to marry your daughter to that businessman?
—Not exactly！I just expressed my approval of their contact with each other. ——那么你答应把女儿嫁给那个商人？
——并非如此！我只是同意让他们彼此联系。

链接写作
[导学号：33220056] 她不同意女儿晚上出去。

①She didn't approve of her daughter going out at night.(approve)
②She didn't gave her approval to her daughter going out at night.(approval)
③She didn't agree that her daughter went out at night.(agree)
adapt v．使适应；改编，改造
[教材原句] For a start，it would be hard adapting to a new culture.
首先，适应一种新文化是很难的。

(1)adapt (oneself) to 使……适应……
adapt sth. from 根据……改编某物
be adapted for 为……而改写/改编
(2)adaptable adj.能适应的；可修改的
adaptation n. 适应；改编；改写本
①This new film is said to be adapted from a novel by Jane Austen.据说这部新影片是根据简·奥斯汀的一本小说改编的。

②They are trying to adapt this novel for a TV play.
他们正在试图把这部小说改编成电视剧。

③Most living creatures are capable of adaptation (adapt) when compelled to do so. 大多数生物都能在迫于压力的情况下适应新环境。

诠释3个核心短语
lay off裁员；解雇；停止
[教材原句] Three months ago，when my manager told me that I would be laid off，my mind went blank and my heart swelled with anger.三个月前，当经理告诉我，我将要下岗了，我的脑子木了，心中充满愤怒。

lay down 放下；中断(工作)；规定，制定
lay aside 把……放在一边；储蓄
lay up 贮存
lay out 展开；布置；花费；清晰谨慎地提出
①They laid some money aside for their daughter's marriage.他们存了一些钱以备女儿结婚用。

②The general told the troops to lay down their arms.将军命令部队放下武器。

③How much did you have to lay out for your new car？你这辆新车花了多少钱？
aside from除……之外
[教材原句] And aside from emailing ，it's fun to see and talk to my grandchildren in the US on the i­Cam.除了发电子邮件，能在网络眼上看到我在美国的孙辈并与之交谈也很有意思。

表示“除……之外〞的短语：
apart from/aside from 除……之外，根据上下文的不同，可以分别相当于besides ，except 或except for 。

besides ＝in addition to 除……之外(还，也)，常与also ，more ，other 等连用。

Except 除……外(都)……，常与all ，every ，no ，none ，nothing 等含有整体、肯定或否定意义的词连用。

except for 除……以外，其后所跟的词往往与前面的不是同一类的，是指整体中除去的一个细节或某一方面。

①Everything is quiet ，aside from/except the occasional sound of a car in the distance.
除了远处偶尔有汽车的声响外，四周一片寂静。

②The essay is well written except for a few spelling mistakes.除了几处拼写错误外，这篇文章写得很好。

set off 出发；动身；(使)爆炸，引爆；燃放；引起
[一词多义] 写出以下句中set off 的含义
①The terrorists set off bombs in public places causing many deaths.引爆 ②Be careful when you set off fireworks.燃放
③You'd better set off at once ，because many miners are being trapped in the mine.出发；动身
④Panic on the stock market set off a wave of selling.引起，引发
⑤You'd better choose the pink sweater which can set off the white of your skin.衬托
⎭⎪⎬⎪⎫set about doing...set out to do... 着手做……
set out for...
动身去……
set up 建起，竖起；建立；提出(意见)
set aside 搁置一边；省钱，存钱
set down 写下，记下
⑥He sets about doing his homework after supper every day.＝He sets out to do (do) his homework after supper every day.
每天晚饭后他开始做家庭作业。

链接写作
我将在七月出发去中国旅游。

(2017·北京高考)
I am to leave/set out/set off for China in July for a journey.
突破2个高考句型
(教材P36)I decided that it was time I became an Internet user.
我觉得该是我成为因特网用户的时候了。

“It is/was time (that)...〞句型表示“是该做某事的时候了〞，time前可用about或high修饰，that从句要用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用“should do(should不可省略)〞或动词的过去式(be用were)。

(1)It's time for sth./It's time (for sb.) to do sth.“是(某人)该做某事的时候了〞。

(2)It/This/That is/was the＋序数词＋time＋(that)...“这是某人第几次做……〞，that 从句中使用完成时。

假设是it is，那么从句用现在完成时；假设是it was，那么从句用过去完成时。

①It's high time that we realized how serious the pollution is and took action to stop it.
现在到了我们意识到污染的严重性并采取行动阻止污染的时候了。

②Spring is coming and it is time for those about to graduate to look (look)for jobs. 春天即将到来，是即将毕业的学生找工作的时候了。

③It is the first time that I have visited the Bird's Nest.这是我第一次参观鸟巢。

④It was the first time (that) China's female astronaut had flown into the outer space.
这是中国女航天员首次飞往外太空。

链接写作
[导学号：33220057]
到了我们开学的时间了。

It's time for us to go to school.
①It's high time that we went to school ．
②The time when we go to school has come. (教材P 40)Sometimes I wish I could phone him and ask for his opinion!
有时我真希望能给他打个电话问问他的意见！
wish 后跟宾语从句时常用虚拟语气，表达不太现实或不太可能实现的愿望。

wish 后面宾语从句中的谓语动词形式为：
从句谓语动词⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧would/could/might ＋do 与将来事实相反did 〔be 动词一般用were 〕 与现在事实相反had done 与过去事实相反 wish me a safe trip .(2016·全国卷Ⅱ·完形填空)
我转过身来看到一位脸上挂满笑容、令人愉快的女士在挥手祝我旅途平安。

②I wish I remembered (remember) her address.If so ，I can get in touch with her easily.我要是记得她的地址就好了。

如果那样，我很容易就能联系上她。

③How I wish I had seen her off at the station ，but I was too busy.我多么希望到车站为她送行，但我太忙了。

[多角快练]——练单词 练短语 练句型———————————————— (对应学生用书第111页)
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．If only I had had (have) more confidence in the English speech contest held last week!
2．It's high time we should leave/left (leave) for the airport.
3．The testing and approval (approve) of new drugs will be speeded up.
4．Assuming (assume) that it is true ，what should I do now?
5．It is the first time that I have been scolded (scold) by my parents.
6．I had to keep the video camera readily accessible (access) in case I saw something
that needed to be filmed.
7．President Xi Jinping urged that every effort (should) be made (make) to rescue and treat the injured when the earthquake happened.
8．Accustomed (accustom) to climbing the steep mountains，he had no difficulty reaching the top.
9．Armed with the information you have gathered，you can set about preparing (prepare) your business plan.
10．The man，suspected(suspect) of having stolen the jewels of the shop，was missing last night，although he was watched over by the police.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．Life is not only about making money，acquire power or recognition.
acquire→acquiring
2．To our joy，what he said at the meeting was inspired.
inspired→inspiring
3．Cao Xueqin's famous novel—A Dream of Red Mansions is worthy of read.
第二个of后加being
4．You have no alternative but stay here overnight.
but后加to
5. I only wish the house was a little warmer.
was→were
(对应学生用书第111页)
Ⅰ.课文语法填空
请根据Lesson 1的课文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Sun Wen—28 years old
“It's never too late to learn.〞 That was the advice I got and now I'm about 1.to graduate (graduate) with a Bachelor's Degree by distance learning.Because of my new qualification，I'm getting 2.promoted (promote) at work.
In the past，if someone 3.had failed (fail) to get into university，he would have had no chance of getting a degree.I gave 4.myself (I) a second chance by studying for a degree 5.in the evenings and on weekends while keeping a secure full­time job.The last four years have been hard work，6.but it's been worth it!
Ms Tang—45 years old
Three months ago，my manager laid me off because the company was not doing that well，but I felt as if I 7.had done (do) something wrong.At first，I enjoyed being 8.a full­time housewife，but soon I got 9.bored (bore) and decided to do a business course.I've always dreamed of starting my own company.I have nearly finished the course 10.and prepared a business plan for setting up my own export company. Ⅱ.写作改错双练
请根据提示，运用本单元所学知识完成下面的小作文，并改正学生习作。

1．上个月汤姆被老板解雇了。

(lay off)
2．他不仅经常怀疑别人还经常忽略他人有价值的建议。

(suspect，ignore)
3．说实话，他曾经很杰出，而且天天埋头于工作。

(frankly speaking，outstanding，be buried in)
4．他对老板很生气，但他不得不接受这个事实，尽管他发现很难面对这一事实。

(be angry with，find it＋adj.＋to do sth.)
5．到了他适应这个社会改变自己的时候了。

(adapt to，it is/was time that...)
6．毕竟一个人不能仅仅为自己活着。

(simply)
7．我多么希望在未来他能有所改变，能生活幸福。

(wish)
第一步练写作
用适当的连接词将上述句子连成一篇短文。

第二步 练改错
下面是李明针对本文的习作，其中有5处错误，请你帮他纠正过来。

Not only does Tom suspect others, but also he ignored other people's valuable advice. He was eventual laid off by his boss last month. Frankly speaking, he was used to be outstanding, and was always buried in his work all day long. Angry although Tom was with his boss ，he had to accept the fact. It was time that he adapted to the society and changed him though he found it difficult to face it. After all, he lived not simply for himself. How I wish that he would make some necessary changes in the future and live a happy life.
[答案]
Not only does did
Tom suspect others, but also he ignored other people's valuable advice. He was eventual eventually
laid off by his boss last month. Frankly speaking, he ﹨
was used to be outstanding, and was always buried in his work all day long. Angry although as/though
Tom was with his boss ，he had to accept the fact. It was time that he adapted to the society and changed him himself
though he found it difficult to face it. After all, he lived not simply for himself. How I wish that he would make some necessary changes in the future and live a happy life.。