职称英语卫生类B级-42_真题-无答案

职称英语卫生类B级-42
(总分92,考试时间90分钟)
第1部分：词汇选项
1. The little boy was so fascinated by the mighty river that he would spend hours sitting on its bank and gazing at the passing boats and rafts.
A. very strong
B. very long
C. very great
D. very fast
2. I'm working with a guy from London.
A. teacher
B. student
C. friend
D. man
3. When the car accident happened, we were all horrified.
A. take out
B. take place
C. take in
D. take away
4. Evidently, he has made a big mistake this time.
A. likely
B. possibly
C. obviously
D. simply
5. Jack eventually overtook the last truck.
A. hit
B. passed
C. reached
D. led
6. An important part of the national government is the Foreign Service, a branch of the Department of State.
A. a unity
B. a division
C. an embassy
D. an invasion
7. Tom dropped off in front of fire.
A. drop at
B. drop away
C. doze off
D. take off
8. People who do not sleep enough tend to become irritable.
A. easily annoyed
B. ill
C. weary
D. stiff and sore
9. It was difficult to set a date which was convenient for everyone.
A. decide
B. arrange
C. provide
D. choose
10. How do you account for your absence from the class last Thursday?
A. explain
B. examine
C. choose
D. expand
11. The exhausted mother smiled at the wail of her newborn baby.
A. sad
B. gloomy
C. tired
D. happy
12. Many city dwellers are turning vacant lots into thriving gardens.
A. costly
B. empty
C. small
D. shady
13. His motive for working so hard is that he needs money.
A. motivation
B. solution
C. motion
D. nature
14. The team's spirit was at the lowest point in the season.
A. ability to read
B. lesson
C. morale
D. talent
15. Obviously these people can be relied on in a crisis.
A. lived on
B. depended on
C. believed in
D. joined in
第2部分：阅读判断
Chewing Gum
The practice of chewing, gum (口香糖) has been with us for more than a century. Millions of people all over the world chew billions of pieces of gum every year.
Chewing gum became popular in the United States mainly because of the work of one man, William Wrigley, who for many years was head of the Wrigley Company. Earlier, Thomas Adams first began to experiment with chewing gum in about the year 1870. It was he who first made gum softer and pleasant to chew. But it was not until Wrigley entered the business in about 1890 that people everywhere began to learn about chewing gum and to use it widely.
Wrigley liked to do things in a big way. In his first year, he borrowed money and spent more than a million dollars on advertising. For years, there was a large Wrigley's advertisement in every streetcar (有轨电车) in the United States. **plained that they could not go anywhere without seeing Wrigley's name. Wrigley even sent, free of charge, pieces of gum to every person in the telephone book of every city and town in the United States. Finally, he began to advertise that it was good for the health to chew gum and that it helped to keep the teeth clean.
He used to send free gum to every child in the United States on his second birthday. He employed young women who, in beautiful dresses, would go from city to city in groups of four or five, stand on street corners, and give free chewing gum to every person who passed by. In this way, each woman gave away about five thousand pieces of Wrigley's gum every day. As a result of this continuous advertising, people in the United States naturally began to buy more and more chewing gum.
16. William Wrigley first started to experiment with chewing gum.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
17. William Wrigley liked to do things in a big way.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
18. William Wrigley sent free gum to every pretty woman in the US.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
19. Americans had been chewing gum since before Thomas Adams was born.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
20. Americans began to chew more and more gum mainly because of Wrigley's continuous advertising.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
21. Building Wrigley empire took not only time and money, but creativity and business sense.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
22. Following the success of chewing gum, schools handed out gum to school children.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
第3部分：概括大意与完成句子
A. if we can drive yield up
B. when Mexico, China and India join in the project
C. if we want to fight against malnutrition and poverty
D. when we use modern technologies and develop new ones
E. when the developed world help the developing world
F. when strategic research can be utilized worldwide
23. Dr. Fischer claims that agriculture will continue to develop ______.
24. Land can be saved for other purposes ______.
25. The investment can be regarded as efficient ______.
26. The global decrease in investment should he changed ______.
A. Langmir and Schaefer's work for the GE Company
B. Langmir and Schaefer's discovery of rain-forming
C. Men's knowledge of rain-forming
E. Schaefer's discovery by accident
D. Schaefer's several unsuccessful experiments
F. Langmir and Schaefer's successful cooperation
27. Paragraph 2 ______
28. Paragraph 3 ______
29. Paragraph 4 ______
30. Paragraph 6 ______
第4部分：阅读理解
第一篇
A Long and Expensive War
By the Treaty of Paris of 1763, which ended the war with the French and the Indians, England gained possession of Canada and all the territory east of the Mississippi River. French influence on this continent thus came to an end; England now controlled most of North America. But the war had been long and expensive. England had many debts. George Ⅲ, King of England, after consulting with his advisers, decided that the American colonists (殖民者) should help pay some of the expenses of this war. A standing English army of 10,000 men had been left in the colonies(殖民地)for protection against the Indians. The English government also felt that the colonists should share in the expenses of maintaining this army. The result was a series of measure, the Grenville Program, passed by Parliament and designed to raise money in the colonies. Some of these measures were accepted by The colonists, but one in particular, the Stamp Act, was met with great protest. The Stamp Act required that’s tamps, ranging in price from a few cents to almost a dollar, be placed on all newspapers, advertisements, bills of sale, wills, legal papers, etc. the Stamp Act was one of the causes of the American Revolution. It affected everyone, rich and poor alike. Some businessmen felt that the act would surely ruin their businesses.
Of all the voices raised in protest to the Stamp Act, none had greater effect than that of a young layer from Virginia-Patrick Henry. Henry had only recently been elected to the Virginia Assembly. Yet when the Stamp Act came up for discussion, he opposed it almost single handedly. He also expressed, for the first time, certain ideas that were held by many Americans of the time but that never before had been stated so openly. "Is life so dear or peace so sweet, as to be bought at the price of chains and slavery? Forbid it, Almighty(万能的) God! I know not what course others may take, but as for me, give me liberty, or give me death!\
31. From the text we learn that ______.
A. Britain took over Canada from the Indians in 1763
B. there had been a war between the French and the Indians which ended in 1763
C. France used to have control of Canada and some areas east of the Mississippi River
D. the French still dept kept some influence in North America through the Treaty of Paris
32. The Grenville Program refers to ______.
A. King George Ⅲ's plan to gather money in North America
B. the British government's desire to raise money in North America
C. a plan to share the expenses of maintaining an army in the American colonies
D. a decision of the British Parliament to collect money in the American colonies
33. The Stamp Act ______.
A. was an act about selling stamps at prices from a few cents to almost a dollar
B. required that **mercial and legal documents in America have stamps on them
C. was the main cause of the American Revolution
D. chiefly affected business people who felt it would ruin their businesses
34. From the text we learn that Patrick Henry ______.
A. had been a member of the Virginia Assembly for a long time
B. didn't know what courses to take to complete his studies as a lawyer
C. was almost the only one who openly protested against the Stamp Act
D. didn't value life or peace as much as other people did
35. This passage is mainly about ______.
A. one of the events leading to the American Revolution
B. the Treaty of Paris between Britain and France
C. the Grenville Program to raise money in the American colonies
D. Patrick Henry, a hero who opposed the Stamp Act
第二篇
Stress at Work and Still Healthy
The term could yet become the word of the year: stress is on everyone's lips these days and everywhere. Not only managers, officials and teachers **plaining nowadays, housewives, children and pensioners now also have their own problems. They too sacrifice themselves for others, feel under- or overworked and quickly lose their inner balance. Irritation, tiredness and exhaustion
quickly follow. But that is only the negative aspect. Stress, after all, is also linked to positive terms such as joy of life, tension and vitality (活力).
"Firstly, stress is healthy," says Wolfgang Stehling from Eltvelle. The doctor and management consultant says: "It occurs when the body loses its inner balance, but then stress hormones are produced to re-establish the balance." Thus stress is nothing more than a positive reaction of the body to pressure. It is unavoidable as part of our nature: "There is no such thing as a stress-free life."
But whether stress leads to tensions in the mind or to tenseness of the muscles depends on the duration (持续时间), its cause or causes and the sufferer's personal situation. People who have trouble sleeping or suffer from bad moods or simply the flu will not be on top of the world and will take every little strife as negative stress. Others, people who feel refreshed at every new turn, are relaxed and successful, will view a difficult round of negotiations or competition at work more as a positive challenge than a cross to bear.
Exercise, healthy eating and relaxation are thus the three pillars by which stress can be conquered almost every time. These factors form a unit, explains Marita V oelker-Albert, spokeswoman for the government's Nutrition Advice Center in Cologne. Its campaign "Gut Drauf" (Feeling Good) is targeted at young people. The government agency's research suggests that three out of four adolescents feel tired, overtaxed (负担过重) and under stress. Eating disorders **plaints such as migraines (偏头痛) and indigestion (消化不良), nervousness and concentration problems have increased among 12-to 16-year-olds.
But even the best solutions don't work if they are not put into practice, says Stehling. Anybody who goes jogging regularly, practices yoga (瑜伽功) and prescribes good literature as a cure for negative stress, may well end up under more pressure as he tries to find the time for it all. Sometimes, says the consultant, it helps to take time out to reduce stress levels over a weekend.
36. Which of the following is NOT a correct view on stress?
A. Stress has both positive and negative aspects.
B. Stress is only a positive reaction of the body to pressure.
C. Stress is unavoidable as part of our nature,
D. Stress only leads to serious problems.
37. A person who has lost his inner balance may soon feel
A. fit and healthy.
B. under-or overworked.
C. irritated, tired and exhausted.
D. relaxed and happy.
38. Who will easily take every little strife as negative stress?
A. Those who are in good moods,
B. Those who suffer from the flu.
C. Those who are successful.
D. Those who feel refreshed at every new turn.
39. All the **plaints are said to have increased among children aged 12 to 16 EXCEPT
A. painful headache.
B. indigestion,
C. loss of memory.
D. nervousness and concentration problems.
40. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a possible cure for negative stress?
A. Reading good literature,
B. Practicing yoga.
C. Working overtime.
D. Having a healthy diet.
第三篇
The Iceman
On a September day in 1991, two Germans were climbing the mountains between Austria and Italy. High up on a mountain pass, they found the body of a man lying on the ice. At that height (10,499 feet, or 3,200 meters), the ice is usually permanent, but 1991 had been an especially warm year. The mountain ice had melted more than usual and so the body **e to the surface.
It was lying face downward. The skeleton (骨架) was in perfect condition, except for a wound in the head. There was still skin on the bones and the remains of some clothes. The hands were still holding the wooden handle of an ax and on the feet there were very simple leather and cloth boots. Nearby was a pair of gloves made of tree bark (树皮) and a holder for arrows.
Who was this man? How and when had he died? Everybody had a different answer to these questions. Some people thought that it was from this century, perhaps the body of a soldier who died in World War I, since several soldiers had already been found in the area. A Swiss woman believed it might be her father, who had died in those mountains twenty years before and whose body had never been found. The scientists who rushed to look at the body thought it was probably much older, maybe even a thousand years old.
With modern dating techniques, the scientists soon learned that the Iceman was about 5,300 years old. Born in about 3300 B. C. , he lived during the Bronze Age in Europe. At first scientists thought he was probably a hunter who had died from an accident in the high mountains. More recent evidence, however, tells a different story. A new kind of X-ray shows an arrowhead still stuck in his shoulder. It left only a tiny hole in his skin, but it caused internal damage and bleeding. He almost certainly died from this wound, and not from the wound on the back of his head. This means that he was probably in some kind of a battle. It may have been part of a larger war, or he may have been fighting bandits. He may even have been a bandit himself.
By studying his clothes and tools, scientists have already learned a great deal from the Iceman about the times he lived in. We may never know the full story of how he died, but he has given us important clues to the history of those distant times.
41. The body of the Iceman was found in the mountains mainly because
A. two Germans were climbing the mountains.
B. the melted ice made him visible.
C. he was lying on the ice.
D. he was just on a mountain pass.
42. What can be inferred from paragraph 2?
A. The Iceman was killed while working.
B. The Iceman could have died from the wound in the head.
C. The Iceman lived a poor life.
D. The Iceman was struck dead from behind.
43. All the following are assumptions once made about the Iceman EXCEPT
A. he was a soldier in World War I.
B. he was a Swiss woman's long-lost father.
C. he was born about a thousand years ago.
D. he came from Italy.
44. The scientists made the deduction that the Iceman
A. was probably in some kind of a battle.
B. was hit in the shoulder by an arrowhead.
C. had got a wound on the back of his head.
D. had a tiny hole in his skin causing his death.
45. The word "bandits" in paragraph 4 could be best replaced by
A. soldiers.
B. hunters.
C. shooters.
D. robbers.
第5部分：补全对话
Scientists working on a problem do not know and sometimes can't even guess what the final result will be. Late on Friday, 8 November, 1895, Professor Rontgen, a German physicist, was doing an experiment in his laboratory when he noticed something extraordinary. He had covered an electric bulb with black cardboard, and when he switched on the current he saw little dancing lights on his table. (46) ; how then could any ray penetrate? On the table there were some pieces of paper which had been covered with metal salts. (47) . Professor Rontgen took a piece of this paper and held it at a distance from the lamp. Between it and the lamp he placed a variety of objects, a books, a pack of cards, a piece of wood and a door key. The ray penetrated every one of them except the key. He called his wife into the laboratory and asked her to hold her hand between the lamp and a photographic plate. (48) , but she held up her hand for a quarter of an hour, and when the plate was developed there was a picture of the bones of her hand and of the ring on one finger. The mysterious ray could pass through the flesh and not through the bone or the ring.
At a scientific meeting, Professor Rontegen called this new ray "the unknown", the X-ray.
(49) , and soon there were X-ray machines in all the big hospitals. The most obvious use for this discovery was to enable doctors to see exactly how a bone was fractured. Other uses came later. It was found that these rays could be used to destroy cancer cells, just as they destroyed the healthy cells of the doctors who first used the machines. (50) , and the lungs could be X-rayed to show if there was any tuberculosis present.
A. It was on this paper that the lights were shining
B. She was very surprised by this request
C. Now the bulb **pletely covered
D. It was a great invention
E. Methods were found later by which ulcers in the stomach could be located
F. Doctors quickly saw how this could be used
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
第6部分：完形填空
Only three strategies are available for controlling cancer, prevention, screening and treatment. Lung cancer causes more deaths than any other type of cancer. A major cause of the disease is (51) known; there is no good evidence that screening is of much help; and treatment fails in about 90 per cent of all cases. At present, therefore, the main strategy must be (52) . This may not always be true, of course, as for some other types Of cancer, research (53) the past few decades has produced (or suggested) some important progress in prevention, screening or treatment. (54) , however, we consider not what research may one day offer but what today's knowledge could already deliver that is not being delivered, then the most practicable and cost-effective opportunities for avoiding premature death from cancer, especially lung cancer, probably involve neither screening nor improved (55) , but prevention.
This conclusion does not depend on the unrealistic assumption that we can (56) tobacco. It merely assumes that we can reduce cigarette sales appreciably by raising prices or by (57) the type of education that already appears to have had a (58) effect on cigarette consumption by white-collar workers, and that we can substantially reduce the amount of tar delivered per cigarette. The practicability of preventing cancer by such measures applies not only in those countries, (59) the US, where, because cigarette smoking has **mon for decades, 25～30 per cent of all cancer deaths now involve lung cancer, but also in those where it has become (60) only recently. In China, for example, lung cancer (61) accounts for only about 510 per cent of all cancer deaths. This is because it may take as much as half a century (62) the rise in smoking to increase the incidence of lung cancer. Countries where cigarette smoking is only now becoming widespread can expect enormous increases in lung cancer during the 1990s or early in the next century, (63) prompt effective action is taken against the habit--indeed., such increases are already plainly evident in parts of (64) .
There are four reasons why the prevention of lung cancer is of such overwhelming importance: first, the disease is **mon, causing more deaths than any other type of cancer now does; secondly, it is generally incurable; thirdly, effective, practicable measures to reduce its incidence are already reliably known; and, finally, (65) tobacco consumption will also have a substantial impact on many other diseases.
51. A. hardly B. never C. less D. reliably
52. A. treatment B. cure C. prevention D. diagnosis
53. A. over B. on C. from D. near
54. A. Although B. If C. Since D. Unless
55. A. health B. control C. environment D. treatment
56. A. eliminate B. abolish C. cut down D. cope with
57. A. dealing B. expanding C. hardening D. inspecting
58. A．innocent B．positive C．likely D．moderate
59. A．for example B．such as C．as well as D．but
60. A．sensitive B．tight C．widespread D．rough
61. A．still B．also C．as yet D．always
62. A．of B．at C．due to D．for
63. A．if B．unless C．provided D．while
64. A．China B．world C．UK D．globe
65. A．yielding B．handling C．increasing D．reducing。