2016年宁波大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)

2016年宁波大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
题型有：1. V ocabulary 2. Reading Comprehension 3. Writing 7. Cloze Text
V ocabulary
1．Even though he was guilty, the______judge did not send him to prison.
A．merciful
B．impartial
C．conscientious
D．conspicuous
正确答案：A
解析：本题考查形容词辨析。

让步状语从句中的guilty(有罪的)和主句的意思(法官没有把他送进监狱)表明，该法官是一个“仁慈的”人，故merciful(仁慈的，宽厚的)为答案。

impartial意为“公正的，不偏不倚的”；conscientious意为“认真的，勤勤恳恳的”；conspicuous意为“显眼的，明显的”，均与让步状语从句的意思不符，故均排除。

2．The education______for the coming year is about $ 4 billion, which is much more than what people expected.
A．allowance
B．reservation
C．budget
D．finance
正确答案：C
解析：本题考查名词辨析。

根据句意“来年的教育______约为40亿美元，这远远超出人们的预期”可知，横线处应填和“钱”有关的词，可首先排除reservation(预订；保留)。

allowance意为“(定期发给的)津贴，补助”，不符合$4 billion(40亿美元)的语义，故排除。

根据空后的the coming year(来年)可确定，本题答案为budget(预算，预算拨款)。

finance(财政，金融)是指管理货币、债务、信贷和投资的商业或政府活动，也与语义不符，故排除。

3．They had fierce______as to whether their company should restore the trade relationship which was broken years ago.
A．debate
B．clash
C．disagreement
D．context
正确答案：A
解析：本题考查名词辨析。

根据句意“他们就是否应该恢复公司数年前被破
坏了的贸易关系进行了一场激烈的______”可知，横线处应填含有“争论”意义的名词，故首先排除context(背景，环境；上下文，语境)。

debate意为“(各自发表不同观点的)辩论，争论”，侧重指意见等对立的双方之间正式或公开的争辩，符合空后语义，故为答案。

clash(争论；冲突)侧重“冲突”；disagreement(意见不一致；异议；争论)侧重“分歧”，二者均与语义不符，故均排除。

4．They tossed your thoughts back and forth for over an hour, but still could not make______of them.
A．impression
B．comprehension
C．meaning
D．sense
正确答案：D
解析：本题考查名词辨析。

根据空前的make和of可知，横线处所填词应与make和pf构成固定搭配，只有sense符合要求，故答案为[D]项。

make sense of 意为“理解，弄懂”。

impression(印象)，comprehension(理解(力)，了解)和meaning(意义，意思)均无法满足搭配及语义要求，故均排除。

句意为：他们把你的想法反反复复考虑了一个多小时，但仍没能弄清你的意思。

5．The politician says he will______the welfare of the people.
A．prey on
B．take on
C．get at
D．see to
正确答案：D
解析：本题考查动词短语辨析。

结合politician(政治家，政客)和welfare of the people(人民的福利)推测，横线处所填词应含有“负责”的含义。

prey on意为“捕食，掠夺”；take on意为“承担，接受任务”和get at意为“弄清楚，发现”，这三项均与语义不符，故均排除。

see to意为“负责，处理”，符合语义，故为答案。

句意为：该政治家称他会为人民谋福利。

6．If you______the bottle and cigarettes, you’ll be much healthier.
A．takeoff
B．keep off
C．get off
D．set off
正确答案：B
解析：本题考查动词短语辨析。

句意为“如果你______烟酒，你将健康得多”。

take off意为“脱下(衣服)；匆匆离开”。

keep off意为“远离，(使)不接近”。

get off “下(车、马等)；离开”。

set off意为“出发；动身；引起”。

相比较，四个选项中只有[B]项符合语义，故为答案。

7．He was______to steal the money when he saw it lying on the table.
A．dragged
B．tempted
C．elicited
D．attracted
正确答案：B
解析：本题考查动词辨析。

句意为“当他看到在桌子上放着的钱时，他______去偷钱”。

be dragged to do sth．意为“勉强做某事”，与空后的steal money在语义上不符，故排除[A]项。

be tempted to do sth．意为“被诱惑做某事”，符合空后的语境，故答案为[B]项。

elicit意为“引出，探出”；be attracted to do sth．意为“被吸引做某事”。

8．Being somewhat short-sighted, she had the habit of______at people.
A．glancing
B．peering
C．gazing
D．scanning
正确答案：B
解析：本题考查动词辨析。

四个选项均含“看”的意思，glance(瞥，迅速地看一眼)强调时间的长短；peer(<通常因难以看清而>盯着看，凝视)；gaze(凝视，注视)强调聚精会神地看；scan(非常迅速地看，粗略地看)强调时间的长短，而且scan后面不接at，根据short-sighted(近视眼的)可知，peer符合文意，故为答案。

句意为：因为眼睛有些近视，她养成了盯着人看的习惯。

9．Of the thousands of known volcanoes in the world, the______majority are inactive.
A．tremendous
B．demanding
C．intensive
D．overwhelming
正确答案：D
解析：本题考查形容词辨析。

根据空后的majority(大多数)可知，所填词应修饰majority，故overwhelming为答案。

overwhelming majority为惯用法，意为“绝大多数”。

tremendous意为”(体积、数量、程度等)巨大的，惊人的”；demanding 意为“要求很高的，苛刻的”；intensive意为“加强的，集中的，密集的”。

10．In general, matters which lie entirely within state borders are the______concern of state governments.
A．extinct
B．excluding
C．excessive
D．exclusive
正确答案：D
解析：本题考查单词词义辨析。

结合空前的matters which lie entirely within state borders(纯属州内事物)和concern of state governments(州政府关心的事)可确定，本题答案为exclusive(独有的，独享的)。

extinct意为“灭绝的，绝种的”；excluding意为“除……之外；不包括”；excessive意为“过多的，过分的，过度的”。

11．The food was rather______and needed gingering up.
A．slippery
B．inscribe
C．invisible
D．insipid
正确答案：D
解析：本题考查单词词义辨析。

根据空后的needed gingering up(需要加点作料)提示，食物应是“不好吃或无味的”。

slippery意为“狡猾的；滑溜的；不可靠的”。

inscribe意为“雕，刻；题写，题献”。

invisible意为“看不见的；隐形的；无形的”。

insipid意为“(食物或饮料)淡而无味的，没有味道的”，符合语义，故为答案。

12．I don’t______expert knowledge of this subject.
A．profess
B．confess
C．confirm
D．confront
正确答案：A
解析：本题考查动词辨析。

根据句意“我不是______这一问题的专家”可知，答案为profess(自称；妄称)为答案。

confess意为“承认；坦白，供认”。

confirm 意为“确认，批准；证实”。

confront意为“面临；面对；对抗”。

13．He had no______about his talents as a singer.
A．illuminations
B．illustrations
C．allusions
D．illusions
正确答案：D
解析：本题考查名词辨析。

have no illusions about…为固定搭配，意为“对……不抱希望”，故答案为[D]项。

illumination意为“照明；阐明，解释清楚”。

illustration 意为“插图；例证”。

allusion意为“暗指，间接提到；影射”。

14．There is not much time left; so I’ll tell you about it______.
A．in detail
B．in brief
C．in short
D．in all
正确答案：B
解析：本题考查介词短语辨析。

not much time left(剩下的时间不多)提示，“告诉事情”应是“简短地说，节省时间地说”，故in brief(简言之，简单地说)为答案。

in detail意为“详细地”。

in short意为“总之，简言之”，用于对前面所详细论述内容进行简明扼要的总结。

in all意为“总共，合计”，这均不符合语义，故均排除。

15．In this factory, suggestions often have to wait for months before they are fully______.
A．admitted
B．acknowledged
C．absorbed
D．considered
正确答案：D
解析：本题考查动词辨析。

suggestions…wait…before提示，本空应填considered，故答案为[D]项。

admit意为“承认”；absorb意为“吸收”和acknowledge 意为“承认，认可，公认”，这些均与语义不符，故均排除。

16．There is a real possibility that these animals could be frightened, ______a sudden loud noise.
A．being there
B．should there be
C．there was
D．there having been
正确答案：B
解析：本题考查虚拟语气和倒装。

本题是省略了if的虚拟语气句，且与将来相反，从句的谓语动词可以使用“should+动词原形”。

句意为：如果突然有一个很大的声音，这些动物真的有可能被吓到。

17．By the year 2050, scientists probably______a cure for cancer.
A．will be discovering
B．are discovering
C．will have discovered
D．have discovered
正确答案：C
解析：本题考查动词时态。

“by(the time／the end of)+表示将来时间的短语或句子”为将来完成时的标志。

句意为：到2050年，科学家们将可能已经找到治愈癌症的方法了。

18．Jim isn’t______, but he did badly in the final exams last semester.
A．gloomy
B．dull
C．awkward
D．tedious
正确答案：B
解析：本题考查形容词辨析。

由but可知，鲍勃虽然考得不好，但并不表示他“迟钝的，笨的”，故答案为dull(愚蠢的，笨的)。

gloomy意为“令人沮丧的”；tedious意为“乏味的，单调的”；awkward指做事“不灵活的，不灵巧的”，三者均与语义不符，故均排除。

19．The boy slipped out of the room and headed for the swimming pool without his parents’______.
A．command
B．conviction
C．consent
D．compromise
正确答案：C
解析：本题考查名词辨析。

根据句意“男孩溜出了房间，没有父母的______就前往游泳池”可确定答案为consent(准许，同意，赞成)。

command意为“命令，指示”，不符合常理，故排除。

conviction意为“深信，确信”；compromise 意为“妥协，折中”，这两项均不符合语义，故也排除。

20．He had______on the subject.
A．a rather strong opinion
B．rather strong opinion
C．rather the strong opinion
D．the rather strong opinion
正确答案：A
解析：本题考查修饰语顺序。

rather为程度副词，故应放在形容词前，相当于very；同时opinion为可数名词，前面应该有冠词，此处明显为泛指，故使用不定冠词a，答案为[A]项。

句意为：他对这个话题的观点相当强硬。

Reading Comprehension
Moral responsibility is all very well, but what about military orders? Is it
not the soldier’s first duty to give instant obedience to orders given by his military superiors? And apart from duty, will not the soldier suffer severe punishment, even death, if he refuses to do what he is ordered to do? If, then, a soldier is told by his superior to burn this house or to shoot that prisoner, how can he be held criminally accountable on the ground that the burning or shooting was a violation of the laws of war? These are some of the questions that are raised by the concept commonly called “superior orders”, and its use as a defense in war crimes trials. It is an issue that must be as old as the laws of war themselves, and it emerged in legal guise over three centuries ago when, after the Stuart restoration in 1660, the commander of the guards at the trial and execution of Charles I was put on trial for treason and murder. The officer defended himself on the ground “that all he did was as a soldier, by the command of his superior officer whom he must obey or die,” but the court gave him short shrift, saying that “when the command is traitorous, then the obedience to that command is also traitorous.”Though not precisely articulated, the rule that is necessarily implied by this decision is that it is the soldier’s duty to obey lawful orders, but that he may disobey —and indeed must, under some circumstances —unlawful orders. Such has been the law of the United States since the birth of the nation. In 1804, Chief Justice John Marshall declared that superior orders will justify a subordinate’s conduct only “if not to perform a prohibited act”, and there are many other early decisions to the same effect. A strikingly illustrative case occurred in the wake of that conflict of which most Englishmen have never heard (although their troops burned the White House) and which we call the War of 1812. Our country was badly split by that war too and, at a time when the United States Navy was not especially popular in New England, the ship-in-the-line Independence was lying in Boston Harbor. A pass-by directed abusive language at a marine standing guard on the ship, and the marine, Bevans by name, ran his bayonet through the man. Charged with murder, Bevans produced evidence that the marines on the Independence had been ordered to bayonet anyone showing them disrespect. The case was tried before Justice Joseph Story, next to Marshall, the leading judicial figure of those years, who charged that any such order as Bevans had invoked “ would be illegal and void” , and, if given and put into practice, both the superior and the subordinate would be guilty of murder. In consequence, Bevans was convicted. The order allegedly given to Bevans was pretty drastic, and Boston Harbor was not a battlefield; perhaps it was not too much to expect the marine to realize that literal compliance might lead to bad trouble. But it is only too easy to conceive of circumstances where the matter might not be at all clear. Does the subordinate obey at peril that the order may later be ruled illegal, or is protected unless he has a good reason to doubt its validity?
21．It can be inferred from Para. 1 that if a soldier obeys his superior’s order to burn a house or to kill a prisoner, ______.
A．he is right according to moral standards
B．he should not receive any punishment
C．he should certainly be liable for his action
D．he will be convicted according to the law of war
正确答案：B
解析：推理判断题。

第一段最后一句提到，如果一个士兵被上级命令烧掉这座房屋或者枪杀那个罪犯，他怎么能以烧杀违反战争法的理由被定罪呢?结合作者的反问语气，推测作者认为士兵是执行上级命令，不应受到惩罚，故答案为[B]项。

22．What was the rule implied by the trail of the commander of the guards?
A．A soldier must obey lawful orders, be he right or wrong.
B．Even if an order is unlawful, the soldier must still obey it.
C．A soldier may or must disobey unlawful orders or he must die.
D．It is the soldier’s duty to obey superior orders whatever they are.
正确答案：C
解析：事实细节题。

文章第二段列举了the commander of the guards的例子，他自己因处决查理一世而被送上法庭，法庭驳回他“只是服从上级命令”的辩解，宣布“当命令是叛国的，那么服从命令也是叛国的”。

接着第三段第一句提到，这个判决隐含的规则是：士兵的职责是服从合法的命令，但可以——事实上在某些情况下必须——不服从非法的命令。

由此可知，答案为[C]项。

文中没有提到士兵必须不分对错地服从合法的命令，故排除[A]项，[B]项和[D]项与文意相悖。

23．The phrase “to the same effect” (Line 5, Paragraph 3) most probably means “which” ______.
A．are of the similar meaning
B．have the same purpose
C．must be put into effect
D．lead to the same result
正确答案：A
解析：词义理解题。

第三段先是提出“士兵的职责是服从合法的命令，可以或必须不服从非法的命令”是美国自建国以来就有的法则，接着以首席法官马歇尔的话重申了这个法则，并提到其他早期的判决。

由此推测，其他早期的判决也是体现了同样的法则，即都表示相同的意思，故答案为[A]项。

24．According to the fourth paragraph, Bevans was found guilty because he______.
A．obey illegal orders
B．was accused of murder
C．disobeyed the superior orders
D．offended against the law of war
正确答案：A
解析：事实细节题。

第四段提到，贝文斯说独立号上的所有海军陆战队士兵
被命令用刺刀刺死任何对他们不敬的人，而大法官约瑟夫．斯托里表示贝文斯援引的上级命令是“不合法且无效的”，如果下了这样的命令且被落实了，那么上下级都犯了谋杀罪。

由此可知，贝文斯被判有罪是因为他服从了不合法的命令，故答案为[A]项。

25．It can be concluded from the last paragraph that the author’s attitude towards Bevans was______.
A．bewildering
B．indignant
C．approving
D．not quite sympathetic
正确答案：D
解析：观点态度题。

最后一段第一句中作者提到，这项贝文斯申诉的所给予他的命令相当极端，而且波士顿港不是战场，或许期望这名海军陆战队士兵意识到刻板地服从命令会酿成大祸并不过分。

换句话说，作者认为贝文斯应该意识到不应刻板地服从不合法的命令，由此推测作者认为贝文斯不值得同情，故答案为[D]项。

作者用语较为平和，故排除[B]项。

[A]项和[C]项都不符合文义。

Americans today don’t place a very high value on intellect. Our heroes are athletes, entertainers, and entrepreneurs, not scholars. Even our schools are where we send our children to get a practical education —not to pursue knowledge for the sake of knowledge. Symptoms of pervasive anti-intellectualism in our schools aren’t difficult to find. “Schools have always been in a society where practical is more important than intellectual,” says education writer Diane Ravitch. “Schools could be a counterbalance.”Ravitch’s latest book, Left Back: A Century of Failed School Reforms, traces the roots of anti-intellectualism in our schools, concluding they are anything but a counterbalance to the American distaste for intellectual pursuits. But they could and should be. Encouraging kids to reject the life of the mind leaves them vulnerable to exploitation and control. Without the ability to think critically, to defend their ideas and understand the ideas of others, they cannot fully participate in our democracy. Continuing along this path, says writer Earl Shorris, “We will become a second-rate country. We will have a less civil society. ““Intellect is resented as a form of power or privilege,”writes historian and Professor Richard Hofstadter in Anti-intellectualism in American life, a Pulitzer Prize winning book on the roots of anti-intellectualism in US politics, religion, and education. From the beginning of our history, says Hofstadter, our democratic and populist urges have driven us to reject anything that smells of elitism. Practicality, common sense, and native intelligence have been considered more noble qualities than anything you could learn from a book. Ralph Waldo Emerson and other Transcendentalist philosophers thought schooling and rigorous book learning put unnatural restraints on children: “We are shut up in schools and college recitation rooms for 10 or 15 years and come out at last with a bellyful of words and do not know a thing.”Mark Twain’s Huckleberry Finn exemplified American anti-intellectualism. Its hero avoids being civilized —going
to school and learning to read —so he can preserve his innate goodness. Intellect, according to Hofstadter, is different from native intelligence, a quality we reluctantly admire. Intellect is the critical, creative, and contemplative side of the mind. Intelligence seeks to grasp, manipulate, re-order, and adjust, while intellect examines, ponders, wonders, theorizes, criticizes and imagines. School remains a place where intellect is mistrusted. Hofstadter says our country’s educational system is in the grips of people who “joyfully and militantly proclaim their hostility to intellect and their eagerness to identify with children who show the least intellectual promise.”
26．What do American parents expect their children to acquire in school?
A．The habit of thinking independently.
B．Profound knowledge of the world.
C．Practical abilities for future career.
D．The confidence in intellectual pursuits.
正确答案：C
解析：事实细节题。

第一段第三句提到，甚至连我们的学校都是我们送孩子去接受实用教育的，而不是追求知识本身的。

由此可知，美国家长期望孩子在学校里获得的是实用技能，四个选项中只有[C]项符合文义。

27．We can learn from the text that Americans have a history of______.
A．undervaluing intellect
B．favoring intellectualism
C．supporting school reform
D．suppressing native intelligence
正确答案：A
解析：事实细节题。

第四段中研究反智主义的历史学家霍夫斯塔特说，智力遭到厌恶，被认为是势力和特权的一种形式。

自美国历史之初，我们对民主和平民主义的渴望就驱使我们抵制任何带有精英主义味道的东西。

由此可知，美国从历史上就是看轻智力的，故答案为[A]项。

[B]项与文义相悖，故排除；[C]项在文中没有提及，故排除；第四段最后一句提到，实用性、常识和天赋被看得比任何从书中学到的知识都要高贵，由此可排除[D]项。

28．The views of Ravitch and Emerson on schooling are______.
A．identical
B．similar
C．complementary
D．opposite
正确答案：D
解析：观点态度题。

根据题干中的Ravitch和Emerson将本题出处定位于文
章第二段和第五段。

第二段中提到拉维奇的观点：学校始终处于重实用性而轻知识的社会中。

学校本可以是一种平衡因素，但美国的学校绝对没有抵消美国人对追求知识的厌恶。

可见拉维奇支持学校追求知识。

第五段第一句提到爱默生和其他先验论者认为学校教育和严格的书本学习限制了孩子们的天性，他说：“我们在中小学和大学的教室里一关就是十年或十五年，最后出来满肚子墨水，却一无所知。

”可见爱默生反对学校追求知识。

因此拉维奇和爱默生的观点是相反的，答案为[D]项。

29．Emerson, according to the text, is probably______.
A．a pioneer of education reform
B．an opponent of intellectualism
C．a scholar in favor of intellect
D．an advocate of regular schooling
正确答案：B
解析：推理判断题。

第五段中提到了爱默生的观点：学校教育和严格的书本学习限制了孩子们的天性，由此可知，他是反对知性主义的，四个选项中只有[B]项符合文义。

30．What does the author think of intellect?
A．It is second to intelligence.
B．It evolves from common sense.
C．It is to be pursued.
D．It underlies power.
正确答案：C
解析：观点态度题。

第三段中作者提到，学校应该抵消美国人对追求知识的厌恶。

鼓励孩子们排斥精神生活使他们易被利用和控制。

如果不能批判地思考、不能捍卫自己的思想和理解他人的思想，他们就不能充分地参与我们的民主。

并引用厄尔．绍利斯的话，说长此以往，“国家将沦为二流国家”。

由此可知，作者是支持学校追求知识的，四个选项中只有[C]项符合作者的观点。

There are good reasons to be troubled by the violence that spreads throughout the media. Movies, television and video games are full of gunplay and bloodshed, and one might reasonably ask what’s wrong with a society that presents videos of domestic violence as entertainment. Most researchers agree that the causes of real-world violence are complex. A 1993 study by the U. S. National Academy of Sciences listed “biological, individual, family, peer, school, and community factors” as all playing their parts. Viewing abnormally large amounts of violent television and video games may well contribute to violent behavior in certain individuals. The trouble comes when researchers downplay uncertainties in their studies or overstate the case for causality. Skeptics were dismayed several years ago when a group of societies including the American Medical Association tried to end the debate by issuing a joint statement: “At this time, well over 1,000
studies...point overwhelmingly to a causal connection between media violence and aggressive behavior in some children. Freedom-of-speech advocates accused the societies of catering to politicians, and even disputed the number of studies (most were review articles and essays, they said) . When Jonathan Freedman, a social psychologist at the University of Toronto, reviewed the literature, he found only 200 or so studies of television-watching and aggression. And when he weeded out “the most doubtful measures of aggression”, only 28% supported a connection. The critical point here is causality. The alarmists say they have proved that violent media cause aggression. But the assumptions behind their observations need to be examined. When labeling games as violent or non-violent, should a hero eating a ghost really be counted as a violent event? And when experimenters record the time it takes game players to read “aggressive”or “non-aggressive” words from a list, can we be sure what they are actually measuring? The intent of the new Harvard Center on Media and Child Health to collect and standardize studies of media violence in order to compare their methodologies, assumptions and conclusions is an important step in the right direction. Another appropriate step would be to tone down the criticism until we know more. Several researchers write, speak and testify quite a lot on the threat posed by violence in the media. That is, of course, their privilege. But when doing so, they often come out with statements that the matter has now been settled, drawing criticism from colleagues. In response, the alarmists accuse critics and news reporters of being deceived by the entertainment industry. Such clashes help neither science nor society.
31．Why is there so much violence shown in movies, TV and video games?
A．There is a lot of violence in the real world today.
B．Something has gone wrong with today’s society.
C．Many people are fond of gunplay and bloodshed.
D．Showing violence is thought to be entertaining.
正确答案：D
解析：事实细节题。

根据题干中的movies，TV and video game将本题出处定位于文章第一段第二句。

该句提到，电影、电视和电子游戏中充满枪战和杀戮，人们有理由询问把家庭暴力的录像当成娱乐来播放的社会到底是怎么了，由此可知，电影、电视和电子游戏中表现那么多暴力场面，是因为当今社会把暴力看成一种娱乐，故答案为[D]项。

第三段提到看暴力影像会导致现实暴力，[A]项颠倒了因果关系，故排除；[B]项是对“展示暴力被认为具有娱乐性”这一社会现象的评价，并非媒体上充斥暴力的原因，故排除；[C]项文中未提及，故排除。

32．What is the skeptics’ (Line 3, Paragraph 3) view of media violence?
A．Violence on television is a fairly accurate reflection of real-world life.
B．Most studies exaggerate the effect of media violence on the viewers.
C．A causal relationship exists between media and real-world violence.
D．The influence of media violence on children has been underestimated.
正确答案：B
解析：推理判断题。

第三段提到，观看极其大量暴力内容的电视和录像可能导致某些人的暴力行为。

问题来自于研究人员低估了研究中的不确定性或夸大其中的因果关系。

怀疑论者早在多年前美国医学会等社会团体发表联合声明时就感到灰心了，声明说超过一千项研究指出对儿童而言媒体暴力和攻击行为之间存在极强的因果关系。

由此推测，怀疑论者的观点认为这些研究夸大了媒体暴力与暴力行为之间的因果关系，换句话说夸大了媒体暴力对观看者的影响，四个选项中只有[B]项符合这个观点。

33．The author uses the term “alarmists” (Line 1, Paragraph 5) to refer to those who______.
A．use standardized measurements in the studies of media violence
B．initiated the debate over the influence of violent media on reality
C．assert a direct link between violent media and aggressive behavior
D．use appropriate methodology in examining aggressive behavior
正确答案：C
解析：事实细节题。

第五段第二句提到，危言耸听者(alarmists)说他们已经证明了媒体暴力导致攻击行为，[C]项是对原文say they have proved that violent media cause aggression的同义转述，故为答案。

34．In refuting the alarmists, the author advances his argument by first challenging______.
A．the source and amount of their data
B．the targets of their observation
C．their system of measurement
D．their definition of violence
正确答案：D
解析：事实细节题。

第五段第二句提到了危言耸听者的观点，第三句中作者说他们言论背后的假设值得验证。

接着提出了关于如何判断游戏“暴力”还是“非暴力”的质疑。

由此可知，作者首先通过质疑暴力的定义来进行论证，故答案为[D]项。

35．What does the author think of the debate concerning the relationship between the media and violence?
A．More studies should be conducted before conclusions are drawn.
B．It should come to an end since the matter has now been settled
C．The past studies in this field have proved to be misleading.
D．He more than agrees with the views held by the alarmists.
正确答案：A
解析：观点态度题。

最后一段提到，另一个恰当的手段是缓和对媒体暴力的
抨击直到我们了解了更多。

一些研究人员在谈及和证明媒体暴力的威胁时，总是将之看作板上钉钉的事。

由此推测，作者认为不应轻易下结论，应该进行更多的研究，故答案为[A]项。

In the college-admissions wars, we parents are the true fighters. We are pushing our kids to get good grades, take SAT preparatory courses and build resumes so they can get into the college of our first choice. I’ve twice been to the wars, and as I survey the battlefield, something different is happening. We see our kids’college background as a prize demonstrating how well we’ve raised them. But we can’t acknowledge that our obsession is more about us than them: So we’ve contrived various justifications that turn out to be half-truths, prejudices or myths. It actually doesn’t matter much whether Aaron and Nicole go to Stanford. We have a full-blown prestige panic; we worry that there won’t be enough prizes to go around. Fearful parents urge their children to apply to more schools than ever. Underlying the hysteria is the belief that scarce elite degrees must be highly valuable. Their graduates must enjoy more success because they get a better education and develop better contacts. All that is plausible —and mostly wrong. We haven’t found any convincing evidence that selectivity or prestige matters. Selective schools don’t systematically employ better instructional approaches than less selective schools. On two measures —professors’ feedback and the number of essay exams —selective schools do slightly worse. By some studies, selective schools do enhance their graduates’ lifetime earnings. The gain is reckoned at 2% ～4% for every 100-point increase in a school’s average SAT scores. But even this advantage is probably a statistical fluke. A well-known study examined students who got into highly selective schools and then went elsewhere. They earned just as much as graduates from higher-status schools. Kids count more than their colleges. Getting into Yale may signify intelligence, talent and ambition. But it’s not the only indicator and, paradoxically, its significance is declining. The reason: so many similar people go elsewhere. Getting into college isn’t life’s only competition. In the next competition —the job market and graduate school —the results may change. Old-boy networks are breaking down. Princeton economist Alan Krueger studied admissions to one top Ph. D. program. High scores on the GRE helped explain who got in; degrees of prestigious universities didn’t. So, parents, lighten up. The stakes have been vastly exaggerated. Up to a point, we can rationalize our pushiness. America is a competitive society; our kids need to adjust to that. But too much pushiness can be destructive. The very ambition we impose on our children may get some into Harvard but may also set them up for disappointment. One study found that, other things being equal, graduates of highly selective schools experienced more job dissatisfaction. They may have been so conditioned to being on top that anything less disappoints.
36．Why does the author say that parents are the true fighters in the college-admissions wars?
A．They have the final say in which university their children are to attend.
B．They know best which universities are most suitable for their children.
C．They have to carry out intensive surveys of colleges before children make an application.
D．They care more about which college their children go to than the children themselves.
正确答案：D
解析：事实细节题。

题干中的parents are the true fighters in the college-admissions ways出现在第一段第一句，后文解释了这个现象的原因：家长逼迫孩子们拿高分、上SAT预备课程、做简历，以便能进人家长首选的大学。

由此可知，作者说家长是大学录取战争中真正的战士，是因为在申请大学的过程中，对于大学的选择和要做的准备，家长比他们的孩子更关心。

四个选项中只有[D]项符合文义。

文中仅提到家长心中有首选的大学，并未提到选哪所大学的最终决定权在家长手里，故排除[A]项；[B]项和[C]项文中未提及，故排除。

37．Why do parents urge their children to apply to more schools than ever?
A．They want to increase their children’s chances of entering a prestigious college.
B．They hope their children can enter a university that offers attractive scholarships.
C．Their children will have a wider choice of which college to go to.
D．Elite universities now enroll fewer students than they used to.
正确答案：A
解析：事实细节题。

第二段第二句提到了题干中所述的现象：担心的家长们逼迫孩子们申请更多的学校。

下一句提到，这种歇斯底里之下隐藏的是对名校学历必定很有价值的信赖。

由此可知，家长让孩子们申请更多的学校是为了让他们进名校，故答案为[A]项。

其他三个选项在文中没有提及，故排除。

38．What does the author mean by saying “Kids count more than their college”(Line 1, Paragraph 4)?
A．Continuing education is more important to a person’s success.
B．A person’s happiness should be valued more than their education.
C．Kids’ actual abilities are more important than their college backgrounds.
D．What kids learn at college cannot keep up with job market requirements.
正确答案：C
解析：推理判断题。

该句后文提到，名校文凭不是唯一的指标，而且它的价值还在降低。

进大学不是人生中唯一的竞赛。

下一场竞赛是就业或考研，结果可能会变化。

据此推断，该句的意思是：能体现孩子们能力的不仅是获得哪所大学的文凭。

四个选项中只有[C]项符合文义。

39．What does Krueger’s study tell us?
A．Getting into Ph. D. programs may be more competitive than getting into。