考博英语(词汇)历年真题试卷汇编16(题后含答案及解析)

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考博英语(词汇)历年真题试卷汇编16(题后含答案及解析)
题型有:1. Structure and V ocabulary
Structure and V ocabulary
1.It is important in scientific experiments that the chemicals should be kept at a(n)______temperature of 40 degrees.
A.constant
B.equal
C.same
D.definite
正确答案:A
解析:constant a.始终如一的,不变的;不断的,连续发生的;忠实的(朋友)(如:He’s been constant in his devotion to scientific studies.)。

equal(to)a.相等的,同样的:平等的;胜任的。

samea.相同的,一样的(same必须与the连用)。

definite a.明确的,确切的;肯定的。

2.Peasants______ over 80 percent of the Chinese population
A.make
B.consist
C.constitute
D.account
正确答案:C
解析:constitute vt.组成,构成,形成(如:Seven days constitute a week.U.S.interference in the internal affairs of other countries constitutes a real threat to world peace.)。

make up构成,占(多大比例)。

consist of由……组成,由……构成(consist是不及物动词,后面不能直接跟宾语;consist of只表示“由……组成”,不能表示“构成……”)。

account for构成,占(多大部分)。

3.According to the recent census, under-18s ______ nearly 95% of the single children in Chinese families.(2004年厦门大学考博试题)
A.compose
B.institute
C.prescribe
D.constitute
正确答案:D
解析:本题中,constitute意思是“组成、构成”,constitute的主语可以是复数名词,也可以是单数名词,所“构成”的事物在属性和特征上或者在组织上,与组成成分是一致的。

如:England,Wales,Scotland,and Northern Ireland constitute
the United Kingdom.(英格兰、威尔士、苏格兰和北爱尔兰组成联合王国园。

)compose在表示“由……材料构成”时,见于被动语态;在用于主动语态时,一般它所表示的“构成”或“组成”总包含着融合为一,而且主语或者是复数名词或者是集体名词。

institute的意思是“创立”;prescribe的意思是“规定”。

四个选项中,只有D项符合题意。

4.Only men with strong______should climb in the Himalayas.
A.will
B.constitutions
C.muscles
D.limbs
正确答案:B
解析:constitution n.体质,素质;结构。

5.You can______different kinds of people, dictionaries or maps, to find out what you wish to know.
A.contact
B.consult
C.refer
D.request
正确答案:B
解析:consult vt.请教,向……咨询。

6.There I came into______ with some of the finest craftsmen I have ever met.
A.awareness
B.knowledge
C.operation
D.contact
正确答案:D
解析:contact n./vt.接触,联系。

7.The suggestion was______in a memorandum published here today.
A.composed
B.merged
C.contained
D.absorbed
正确答案:C
解析:contain vt.包含,容纳,里面装有。

8.The ______ of his speech was good, but the form was not.
A.content
B.essence
C.point
D.subject
正确答案:A
解析:content n.内容;含量(注:该词作不可数名词只有在提到“内容与形式”[formand content]比的时候才用;—般情况下在谈到“……的内容”和“书的目录”时要用复数形式)。

essence n.本质,实质,要素。

point n.(讲话等的)要点。

subject n.主题,题目:学科,科目。

9.The two countries were fighting severely to______every inch of the land. (2009年北京航空航天大学考博试题)
A.intervene
B.contest
C.imperil
D.inhabit
正确答案:B
解析:四个选项的意思分别是:intervene干涉,干预;contest竞争,争夺;imperil危机,使陷入危险:inhabit居住,占据。

根据句子意思可知,正确答案是B选项。

如:The seat was being hotly contested among the politicians.(政客们正在激烈地争夺那个席位。

)
10.In some ______ “mad” means “foolish”, in some “angry”, and in others “insane”.
A.conditions
B.contexts
C.circumstances
D.environment
正确答案:B
解析:context n.上下文,语境(如:You can often tell the meaning of a word fromits context.An idiom is best learned in context.We should try to see the matter in its historical context.)。

condition n.(先决)条件;(pl.)环境。

circumstance n.(与某个人物或事件相联系的)条件,情况;(pl.)境遇,经济状况。

environment n.环境,自然环境,周围状况。

11.Our journey was very slow because the train stopped ______ at different villages.
A.continually
B.continuously
C.gradually
D.unceasingly
正确答案:A
解析:continually ad.不断地,频频地。

continuously ad.连续不间断地。

12.A______ steelmaking process is now being developed.
A.continual
B.continuous
C.successive
D.consecutive
正确答案:B
解析:continuous a.连续不断的;不断延伸的。

13.In sharp ______ to John, who is frank, Henry is too sophisticated.
A.contrast
B.conflict
C.comparison
D.contradiction
正确答案:A
解析:contrast n.对比,对照(in contrast to/with与……形成对比;by contrast with与……比较起来)。

conflict n.争论;抵触;冲突。

14.The Chinese Red Cross______ a generous sum to the relief fund for the physically disabled.
A.assigned
B.endowed
C.allocated
D.contributed
正确答案:D
解析:contribute(to)vt.捐献,捐助,贡献。

15.That he failed to make any appreciable ______ to the cause at the time was due to his youth.
A.effort
B.attempt
C.contribution
D.propagation
正确答案:C
解析:contribution(to)n.贡献;促成作用;投稿文章。

16.Abortion(堕胎)in Britain is a highly______ matter: some are strongly for it,
some are bitterly against it.
A.different
B.preferable
C.controversial
D.troublesome
正确答案:C
解析:controversial a.引起争论的,有争议的(a controversial matter/person /speech/decision)。

different(from)a.不同的。

preferable(to)a.更可取的,更好的,更合意的。

troublesome a.讨厌的,麻烦的,令人烦恼的。

17.A tierce ______ was under way over the question of self-government for this small Pacific island.
A.struggle
B.controversy
C.discussion
D.difference
正确答案:B
解析:controversy(on/about/over)n.(尤指文字形式上的就重大社会、道德、政治问题所进行的)争论,辩论。

18.After several nuclear disasters, a ______has raged over the safety of nuclear energy.(2005年电子科技大学考博试题)
A.quarrel
B.suspicion
C.verdict
D.controversy
正确答案:D
解析:本题空格处是说展开了一场关于核能源安全性的辩论。

D项“controversy论争,辩论,论战”符合题意,如:give rise to much controversy(引起许多争论)。

其他三项“quarrel吵架,反目,怨言;suspicion猜疑,怀疑;verdict(陪审团的)裁决,判决,判断”都不正确。

19.Shopping bags are provided for the customers’______.
A.facility
B.duty
C.convenience
D.comfort
正确答案:C
解析:convenience n.方便,便利;方便条件,便利条件(如:He thinks only of his own convenience.Will the time/place suit your convenience?at sb.’s
convenience在某人方便的时候;to sb.’s convenience对某人合适)。

facility n.便利,容易;(pl.)设备,设施。

duty n.职责;责任,义务。

comfort n.舒适;安慰。

20.Our new house is very______ for me as I can get to the school in five minutes.
A.convenient
B.comfortable
C.available
D.practical
正确答案:A
解析:convenient(to/for)a.方便的(注:该词只能用于修饰时间或地点是方便的,而不能以人作主语,如可以说The time/place is very convenient to/for me;而不能说I’m very convenient to work here.)。

comfortable a.舒适的,舒服的。

available(to)a.可利用的,可获得的;可(与某人)联系上的。

practical a.实际的,实用的。

21.White is the______ color of a wedding gown.
A.normal
B.ordinary
C.common
D.conventional
正确答案:D
解析:conventional a.普通的,常见的;习惯的,常规的(如:“Good morning”is a conventional greeting.conventional rules/weapon)。

normal a.正常的,平常的;正规的。

ordinary a.通常的,普通的;平庸的,平淡的。

common a.平常的,普通的;共同的。

22.The______ of electrical energy into thermal energy is a process that is easily carried out at 100% efficiency.(2006年中国矿业大学考博试题) A.conversion
B.convention
C.conversation
D.version
正确答案:A
解析:四个选项中,A项conversion的意思是“改变,转变,变换”,B项convention的意思是“会议,大会,全体与会者”,C项conversation的意思是“会话,谈话:非正式会谈”,D项version的意思是“译文,译本”。

根据题意,A 项为正确答案。

23.A good teacher must know how to ______his ideas.
A.convey
B.display
C.conceive
D.disclose
正确答案:A
解析:convey vt.传达,表达;传送,运送,输送(如:I can’t convey my feelings inwords.His tone conveyed his real feelings.Wires convey electricity from power stations to the user.)。

display vt.陈列,展览;显示。

conceive v.构想出,设想(of);认为(that);怀孕。

disclose vt.揭露,泄露,透露。

24.These pollutants can be ______ hundreds and eve thousands of kilometers by large air masses.(2003年中国科学院考博试题)
A.contained
B.conveyed
C.contaminated
D.conserved
正确答案:B
解析:本题是说这些污染物可以被大风带走上百甚至上干公里。

B项的“convey运载,传送”符合题意,如:convey the supplies to the warehouse(把物资运送到仓库)。

其他三项“contain包含,含有;contaminate使……受污染;conserve 使……不变质,不受损或保护”都不正确。

25.It’s very difficult to______the exact meaning of an idiom in a foreign language. (2013年10月中国科学院考博试题)
A.exchange
B.transfer
C.convert
D.convey
正确答案:D
解析:A项“exchange”意为“更换,交换”;B项“transfer”意为“改变,转变”;C项“convert”意为“使转变、使转化”:D项“convey”意为“传播、传递,表达、传达”,本句是说用外语表达成语的含义,因此选择D项。

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