高考英语讲义特殊句式

高考英语讲义一．倒装1. 全部倒装（将整个谓语部分放在主语之前）（1）在there be 句型中（其中be还可以换成seem，live，stand，lie，appear，lie，exist，come等动词），要全部倒装Long long ago，there lived a king who liked horses very much.There are many people dancing in the square.There seems to have a concert in the hall tomorrow.There lies a snake along the lake.（2）such 放句首，句子全部倒装(注意主谓一致，以谓语动词后面的成分来确定的单复）Such was his life then. Such is what he wants. Such were her books.（3）以there，here，now，then，thus等引导的句子中，谓语动词常为be，come，go等，句子全部倒装There goes the bell. Here comes the bus.Then came a new difficult question. There rings the telephone.（4）以down，up，out，away等表示位置转移的副词位于句首时，句子全部倒装(人称代词出现时，句子不倒装）Up went the arrow into the sky. In came the teacher. Away ran the dog.Out rushed the people from their house when the earthquake happened.In she came. Here you are. Out it ran. (人称代词出现，不倒装）（5）表地点的介词短语放在句首，句子要用倒装In the classroom stays a girl.On the desk lies a book.2. 部分倒装（将谓语中的助动词，情态动词，be动词放在主语之前）（1）only+状语（副词，介词短语，状语从句）放在句首，谓语动词部分倒装Only then did I realize the importance of English.Only in this way can you solve the problem.Only when I came into the house did I recognize the man.注：only修饰主语时，句子不用倒装Only you can finish the work.（2）so +be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语，句子部分倒装So did I（我也是）和so he does（他确实是）的判断方法〈1〉判断原句正负（肯定为正，否定为负）原句为正用so开头，原句为负用neither或nor开头〈2〉判断原句的be/助动词/情态动词（根据时态和人称确定）〈3〉看人称所指一致不一致人称所指一致，用正序；人称所指不一致用倒序〈4〉如果出现第三个人和前面两人的情况相同时，用it is the same with sb.如果两者情况都相同时，并且原句为否定，则省略句还可用：主语be/助动词/情态动词+either.I went there yesterday, so did he.我昨天去那里了，他也去了。

——Tom is a good student.——So he is.(强调他的却是）She never went to Beijing. Neither did I.（强调我也没去过）（3）否定副词或短语放在句首，句子部分倒装Never，no，hardly，scarcely，barely，seldom，little，not，few, nowhere，rarely，in no time，by no means，in no case，under/ in no circumstances等Not a single mistake did I make.Never before have I seen such a moving film.Seldom does he get up early.（4）复合句型的倒装〈1〉Not until提前主倒从不倒陈述语序：We did not have supper until he returned home.倒装语序：Not until he returned home did we have supper.〈2〉no sooner……than……/ Hardly……when…… （一……就）No sooner +句子部分倒装（过去完成时）than+句子（一般过去时）Hardly+句子部分倒装（过去完成时）when+句子（一般过去时）No sooner had the bell rung than the teacher came in.Hadly had we arrive home then the telephone rang.No sooner had he pick up the paper than the owner reached and ask for it.〈3〉not only……but also……（不但……而且……）前倒后不倒Not only was he forced to stay at home,but also he had to do his homework.Not only has he arrived the destination,but also he prepared a table of delicious food for us. 〈4〉so……that……（如此……以至于……）前倒后不到So + 形容词+ be + 主语that……So + 副词+ 助动词+ 主语+ 实意动词that……So clearly does he speak that we all understand what he says.So fast did he run that we cannot go with him.So fast did he ride the motorbike when he turn around the corner that he fell down heavily.上述句子都可以换成用although 或but 引导的让步状语从句（陈述句式）：Although he is a child, he knows a lot.Although he is young, he finishes it easily.Although he had worked hard, he failed the exam.He tried,but he failed.二、强调句型2. Not until 的强调句型He did not go to bed until 11o’clock.It was not until 11 o’clock that he went to bed.比较：陈述句式：He did not go to bed until his mother came back.倒装句式：Not until his mother came back did he go to bed.强调句式：It was not until his mother came back that he went to bed.3. 谓语动词的强调Do/does/did+动词原形，可以用来强调谓语动词表示“的却，确实”I do hope you will stay to lunch.He did attend the meeting.4、强调句和其他句型的区别：（1）强调句和主语从句的区别：It is there that accidents often happens.It is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. （2）强调句和定语从句的区别It is novels that Miss William enjoys reading.It is a question that needs carefully consideration.（3）强调句和状语从句的区别：It was at 6:00 that I got up today.It was 6:00 when I get up.It was two years ago that I began to learn English.It was two years since I began to learn English.It was two years before he came back from abroad.It was two years later that he came back from abroad.三、反意疑问句1、做反意疑问句的步骤（1）判断陈述部分的正负（正为肯定，负为否定认识否定词）否定词：seldom,hardly,never,few,nothing,nobody,nowhere,no, scarcely，barely，little，not，nowhere，rarely，in no time，by no means，in no case，under/ in no circumstances（2）判断陈述部分需要用的代词（3）反意部分为：be/助动词/情态动词+人称（根据前肯后否，前否后肯的原则）Lucy is a good student, isn’t she?I am the first one to come to school, aren’t I?2、反意疑问句的类型（1）陈述部分含有must 的反意疑问句①当must为“必须”时，其反意部分用needn’t，当含有mustn’t（不允许，禁止）时，反意部分用must/may.You must go now, needn’t you?You mustn’t smoke here, must you/ may you?②当must表推测，为“一定，准是”时(对现在的推测) must be,反意部分用be(am/is/are)+n’t+人称代词He must be at home, isn’t he?You must be hungry now, aren’t you?(对过去的推测) 肯定用must have done 否定用can’t have done有时间状语反意部分用did/didn’t +人称代词反意部分,分两种情况：You must have watched that football match last night, didn’t you?无时间状语反意部分用have/has（n’t）+人称代词You must have heard about it,haven’t you?(2) 陈述部分有used to 的反意疑问句，反意部分用usedn’t / didn’t +人称代词You used to sleep with the windows open, usedn’t you?(3) 陈述部分有ought to 的反意疑问句He ought to attend the lecture, oughtn’t /shouldn’t he?(4) 陈述部分有seldom，hardly，scarcely，never，few，little，nothing，nobody，nowhere，no，none，none of，neither，nor等否定或半否定词，反意部分用肯定形式。