环境工程专业英语第五单元课件
钟理环境工程专业英语unit5
Unit 5 Chemistry of the AtmosphereIntroduction to Chemistry of the Atmosphere➢The thin gaseous envelope that surrounds our planet is integral to the maintenance of life on earth.➢环绕我们星球的薄气层是地球上维持生命所不可或缺的。
➢The composition of the atmosphere is predominately determined by biological processes acting in concert with physical and chemical change.➢大气的组成主要是由与物理和化学变化协同作用的生物过程决定的。
➢Though the concentrations of the major atmospheric constituents oxygen and nitrogen remain the same,the concentration of trace species, which are key to many atmospheric processes are changing.➢虽然大气中主要成分氧和氮的浓度保持不变，但对许多大气过程起关键作用的微量物种的浓度正在发生变化。
➢It is becoming apparent that man's activities are beginning to change the composition of the atmosphere over range of scales, leading to, for example, increased acid deposition, local and regional ozone episodes, stratospheric ozone loss and potentially climate changem. In this part.➢越来越明显的是，人类的活动开始在一定范围内改变大气的组成，例如，导致酸沉降增加、局部和区域臭氧事件、平流层臭氧损失和潜在的气候变化。
Lesson 5
Lesson 5
Text
Environmental Engineering
环境工程
Environmental engineering is a branch of engineering that is concerned with pollution by the structures, machines, systems, and processes that are involved in human activities. The development of civilization has caused perturbation(扰乱) of much of the Earth‘s ecosystem, resulting in pollution of the air, land, and water. It is the task of the environmental engineer not only to design systems to assuage(缓和) this pollution but also to educate people in protecting their surroundings from additional pollution. The practice of (有…习惯)environmental engineering is divided into various subdisciplines.
保护环境专业英文(课堂PPT)
Water pollution is the contamination of water bodies such as lakes, rivers, oceans, lagoons, and groundwater. All water pollution affects organisms and plants that live in these bodies of water and in almost all cases the effect is damaging either to individual species and populations but also to the natural biological communities. It occurs when pollutants are discharged directly or indirectly into water bodies without adequate treatment to remove harmful constituents.
▪ Use of renewable materials ▪ Restrict the use of private cars ▪ Implement of sustainable economic
development ▪ ……
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The beautiful planet of ours is our home. To take care of the world is to take care of ourselves. Let’s work together to keep our world alive and well.
caught in the trees when the wind blows or maybe
环境工程专业英语PPT讲解
Qu.：Which is the best of the best？
SCI
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Part Ⅰ The Major Citation Index ------- SCI
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Part Ⅰ The Major Citation Index
1. What is SCI?
➢Full name（全称）
• Social Sciences Citation Index （SSCI） 《社会科学引 文索引》 • Arts & Humanities Citation Index （A&HCI） 《艺术 与人文科学引文索引》 • Index to Scientific & Technical Proceedings （ISTP） 《科技会议录索引》
➢Dr. Garfield（加菲尔德）1955年在 Science 发表论文提出将引文 索引作为一种新的文献检索与分类工具，将一篇文献作为检索字 段从而跟踪一个Idea的发展过程 。
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从一篇高质量的文献出发 沿着科学研究的发展道路…
2004
2003
1995
1993
1991
Cited References
环境工程专业英语
Professional English for Environmental Engineering
How to make use of this course?
The Ideal Goal Improvement of reading, translation, writing and presentation
Times
2003
Cited
1998
2004
环境工程专业英语
ContentsChapter 1 Environmental Issue 环境问题Chapter 2 Ecosystems 生态学Chapter 3 Cycling of Mineral Nutrients 矿物质循环Chapter 4 Environmental Engineering and Engineer 环境工程与工程师Chapter 5 Air Pollution 空气污染Chapter 6 Air Pollution Control——Particulate Controls 空气污染的控制——颗粒物控制Chapter 7 Air Pollution Control——Gaseous Pollutants Controls 空气污染的控制——气体污染物的控制Chapter 8 Integrated Solid Waste Management 综合固体废物处理Chapter 9 The Unit Operations and Processes Used for the Separation and Processing of Waste Materials废物分离和处理的单元操作与工艺Chapter 10 Hazardous Chemical Waste Management 有害化学废物的处理Chapter 11 Introduction to Environmental Impact Assessment 环境影响评价简介Chapter 12 Environmental Impact Assessment 环境影响评价Chapter 13 Noise and Noise Control 噪声与噪声控制Chapter 14 Environmental Law and Standards 环境法律与标准Chapter 15 Environmental Chemical Analysis 环境化学分析Chapter 16 Water, Water Cycle and Sustainable Management 水、水循环以及持续管理Chapter 17 Water Supply 供水Chapter 18 Wastewater Collection Systems 废水收集系统Chapter 19 Waste Water Engineering 废水工程Chapter 20 Wastewater Treatment Objectives, Methods, and Implementation 废水处理目标，方法和实施Chapter 21 Introduction to Wastewater Treatment Plant Design 污水处理厂设计简介Chapter 22 Wastewater Treatment 废水处理Chapter 23 Biological Nutrient Removal 生物营养物去除Chapter 24 Advanced Wastewater Treatment 高级废水处理Chapter 25 Sludge Treatment and Disposal 污泥处理与处置Chapter 5 Air Pollution 空气污染5.1 Definition of Air Pollution（空气污染的定义）Air pollution can be defined as the presence in the the outdoor atmosphere of one or more contaminants (pollutants)（空气污染可以定义为存在于室外大气中的一种或多种污染物）in such quantities and of such duration as may be (or may tend to be) injurious to human, plant, or animal life, or to property (materials), 其数量和持续时间已达到（或将会）危害人类、植物、动物生命以及财产的程度or which may unreasonably interfere with the comfortable enjoyment of life or property, or the conduct of business.（或妨碍人们对生活财产的舒适享受或影响商业活动。
环境工程专业英语PPT教学课件
❖ Unit 17 Ion Exchange
❖ 离子交换
❖ 沉淀
2020/12/11
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PPT教学课件
谢谢观看
Thank You For Watching
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Part 2 Atmospheric Chemistry and
Air Pollution & Control
❖ 单元8：大气污染物的种类与来源[I] ❖ 大气污染物的种类与来源[II] ❖ 单元9：室内空气质量 ❖ 气体和蒸气控制技术 ❖ 单元10：大气污染控制新技术[I] ❖ 大气污染控制新技术[II] ❖ 单元11：大气污染的影响 ❖ 氧化法控制大气污染
Communities ❖ Part 8 Environmental Sustainable Development and
Green Science and Technology
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❖ Part 4 Solid Wastes and Disposal ❖ 固体废物与处置
❖ Part 5 Other Pollution and Control Technologies
❖ 其他污染与控制技术
❖ Part 6 Environmental Management ❖ 环境管理
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❖ Part 7 the Bioshpere: Ecosystem and Biological Communities
❖ 生物圈：生态系统和生物群落
❖ Part 8 Environmental Sustainable Development and Green Science and Technology
环境工程 英文PPT
然而，今天的工程师不再是不受关注的伦理问 题。科学家和工程师看待世界与客观的技术工 具，但往往面临需求的响应其技术工具可能不 足的问题。在某些情况下，所有的选择一个特 定的工程解决方案包括“不道德”的元素。工 程师从事污染控制，或以任何的活动，撞击在 自然的环境中，环境伦理接口。环境伦理学本 身涉及的人对其他生物和对自然环境，以及与 他们对彼此的态度的态度。
Natural environment
Built environment
Ethics: 伦理
Today, however, the engineer is no longer free from concern for ethical questions. Scientists and engineers look at the world objectively with technical tools, but often face questions that demand responses for which technical tools may be insufficient. In some cases all the alternatives to a particular engineering solution include “unethical” elements. Engineers engaged in pollution control, or in any activity that impinges on the natural environment, interface with environmental ethics. An environmental ethic concerns itself with the attitude of people toward other living things and toward the natural environment, as well as with their attitudes toward each other.
(完整版)环境工程专业英语
环境工程专业英语pollution污染acid rain酸雨environmental problem 环境问题environmental disturbance环境破坏biotic habitat 生物环境sulfur dioxide二氧化硫nitrogen oxide氧化氮carbon dioxide二氧化碳automobile exhaust汽车尾气infectious diseases有传染性的疾病waterborne diseases水传染的疾病agrarian society农业社会industrial society工业社会industrial revolution产业革命urbanization城市化industrialization工业化developed country发达国家developing country发展中国家undeveloped country落后国家primary air pollutant一次大气污染物secondary air pollutant二次大气污染物monoxide一氧化物dioxide二氧化物trioxide三氧化物carbon monoxide一氧化碳carbon dioxide二氧化碳sulfur dioxide二氧化硫sulfur trioxide三氧化硫nitrous oxide一氧化二氮nitric oxide一氧化氮nitrogen dioxide二氧化氮carbon oxides碳氮化物sulfur oxides硫氧化物nitrogen oxides氮氧化物hydrocarbons碳氢化合物photochemical oxidants光化学氧化物particulates颗粒物inorganic compound无机化合物organic compound有机化合物radioactive substance放射性物质heat热noise噪声contaminant污染物strength强度foreign matter杂质domestic sewage生活污水municipalwastewater城市废水microbe微生物microorganism微生物bacteria细菌total solids总固体inorganic constituents无机要素suspended solids (SS)固体悬浮物volatile suspended solids (VSS)挥发性悬浮固体颗粒organic matter有机物质total organic carbon, TOC 总有机碳chemical oxygen demand, COD化学需氧量biochemical oxygen demand, BOD生化需氧量biodegradable可微生物分解的contamination污染recontamination再污染groundwater地下水surface water地表水restriction限制colloid胶体screening隔栅coagulation凝聚flocculation絮凝sedimentation沉淀filtration过滤disinfection消毒chlorination氯化消毒prechlorination预加氯ozonation臭氧消毒aeration曝气softening软化activated carbon活性炭adsorption吸附reverse osmosis反渗透desalination脱盐处理microbial degradation微生物降解biological degradation生化降解biofilm process生物膜法activated sludge process活性污泥法attached-growth吸着生长suspended-growth悬浮生长shock loading冲击负荷organic loading有机负荷mixed liquor suspended solids混合液悬浮固体metabolize使代谢化metabolism新陈代谢dissolved oxygen 溶解氧pretreatment process 预处理工艺primary clarifier初沉池equalization basin均质池biological treatment process生物处理工艺aeration basin曝气池secondary clarifier二沉池biomass生物质heterotrophic bacteria异养菌autotrophic bacteria自养菌hydraulic retention time (HRT) 水力停留时间sludge residence time (SRT) 污泥停留时间solid waste固体废物municipal城市化industrial工业的agricultural农业的hazardous危险的residential住宅的commercial商业的putrescible易腐烂的combustible易燃的flammable可燃的explosive易爆的radioactive放射性的Landfilling土地填埋incineration: 焚烧composting: 堆肥compaction: 压实，紧凑sanitary landfill卫生填埋balance剩下的，余额，结余batch-fed 分批投料refuse垃圾municipal waste城市垃圾perform: 执行shut down: 关闭energy recovery能量回收incomplete combustion不完全燃烧combustion燃烧volume reduction体积缩小anaerobic厌氧硝化中英互译短语Biological degradation生化降解equalization basin调节池aeration basin曝气池sludge blocs 污泥絮体settling tank沉淀池dissolved oxygen溶解氧suspended-growth悬浮生长pulverized refuse垃圾破碎biofilm生物膜well-compacted landfill压实填埋场nutrient source 营养源mass-burning大量燃烧fluidized fed incarceration硫化床燃烧法soil conditioners土壤改良剂温室效应greenhouse effect 由CO2引起的caust by CO2 世界碳预算the world carbon budget 天气自然波动natural fluctuations 全球变暖global warming 厌氧的anaerobic 腐烂Putrefied 甲烷methane 臭氧层ozone layer 气候模型climatic model 正常浓度：normal concentration 严重污染物：heavily polluted 决定因素：determining factor 光化学氧化物：photochemical oxidants 液体微滴：liquid particulates 含硫的：sulfur-containing 放射性物质：radioactiue substance 汽车尾气：automobile exhaust wet oxidation湿式氧化1、Environment is the physical and biotic habitat which surrounds us; that which we can see, hear, touch, smell, and taste. 环境是我们周围的物理和生物环境，我们可以看到、听到、接触到、闻到和品尝到的。
《环境工程专业英语》课件
环境法律与政策
国内环境法律与政策
我国制定了一系列环境法律和政策来保护环境和 推动可持续发展。
国际环境法律与政策
国际社会也通过国际协议和组织来推进全球环境 保护事业。
水污染是全球面临的 重要环境问题之一， 我们将探索污染物来 源和水处理技术。
大气污染与空 气质量控制
大气污染对人类健康 和环境造成严重影响， 我们将研究污染源和 空气质量控制措施。
土壤污染与修 复技术
土壤污染影响农业生 产和生态系统健康， 我们将探索土壤污染 修复的现有和新技术。
固体废物管理 与可持续发展
教学方法
课程将采用讲解、案例分析 和小组讨论等方式教授，以 促进学习者的理解和参与。
评估方式
学生将通过考试、作业和课堂活动来评估他们 对课程知识的掌握情况。
参考资料
主要的参考资料包括教科书、学术论文和相关 网站。
环境工程概述
1 定义与范围
2 发展历程
环境工程是研究和解决环境问题的工程学科， 涵盖了水、大气和土壤等多个领域。
《环境工程专业英语》 PPT课件
欢迎来到《环境工程专业英语》的PPT课件！在本课程中，我们将一起探索环 境工程的重要性和应用，了解环境问题与挑战，并深入研究环境法律与政策。
课程介绍
课程目标
通过本课程，学习者将了解 环境工程的基本概念和原理， 并掌握相关英语表达。
课程内容ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
本课程将包括环境工程的概 述、环境问题与解决方案、 环境法律与政策等主题。
环境工程的历史可以追溯到古代文明时期， 如古埃及的水利工程和古罗马的供水系统。
3 主要研究领域
环境工程专业英语ppt课件
➢ Description of environmental ➢ Information on the basis causes of environmental disturbances (困扰) ➢ Basis scientific knowledge necessary to understand the nature of environmental problems and to be able to quantify them
Review of the Last Lesson
Appreciation of movies
The 11th Hour
➢Chinese name （中文名称） 第十一个小时
➢Director Castleberry，Leonardo DiCaprio
莱昂纳多.迪卡普里奥
➢Information about the move （相关信息）
Part Ⅱ Introduction to Environmental Engineering
The primary coverage
➢ Current state of the technology environmental control in its application to water, air and pollution problems
1. Background to Environment Science
Science and technology constitute a primary productive force.
Social Science
Science
The social science deals with the study of people and how they live together as families, tribes(群落，部 落), communities (社区), races (种族), and nations.
环境工程专业英语全套课件
18/9
25/9 2/10 9/10 16/10 23/10
4
5 6 7 8 9
Part 1, unit 4, Environmental analysis
Part 2, unit 8, type and source of air pollutants Part 2, unit 9, indoor air quality Part 2, unit 10, new technology of air pollution control Part 3, unit 12, water pollution and pollutants Part 3, unit 14, water purificaiton
Environmental Science Whereas the disciplines of biology, chemistry, and physics (and their subdisciplines of microbiology, organic chemistry, nuclear physics, etc. ) are focused on a particular aspect of natural science, environmental science in its broadest sense encompasses all the fields of natural science. The historical focus of study for environmental scientists has been, of course, the natural environment. 与生物，化学和物理学科（及其下属学科微生 物，有机化学，核物理等）关注自然科学 的某一 个特定方面 不同，环境科学从广义上来讲，包括 了自然科学的所有领域。当然，环境科学家的研 究重点历史以来一直是自然环境。
环境保护专业英语PPT
5.Promote green knowledge
Advice and Suggestions 05
1.Improve the environmental protection law
2.Save resources
4.Return the grain plots to forestry
3.Develop new energy
24% is drinking very polluted water. 79% is drinking somewhat polluted water.
02 Air pollut
ion
Seventy percent of the smoke and dust in the air and 90 percent of the sulfur dioxide emission come from burning coal. Acid rain hit 30% of China‘s total area, making China the third largest heavy acid rain region in the world.3 Soil pollution
(1) China has 22 percent of the world‘s population but only 9 percent of the planet’s arable land.
(2) 12 million tons of crops in China are polluted by soil contaminated with heavy metals annually, which would cause a yearly loss of 20 billion yuan.
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Composition of the troposphere
Major constituents
N2,O2,Ar,CO2
Trace gases
Variable
Sources of trace gases
The majority of the trace gases found in the atmosphere is emitted into the troposphere from the surface and are subject to a complex
atmosphere, we may focus in the main on the chemistry of the
troposphere and stratosphere.
Regions of atmosphere
characteristics of dynamical motions of the air are the basis.
The troposphere is the lowest layer of the atmosphere extending from earth surface to tropopause at 10km-18km. About 90% of the total mass resides here and greater part of trace gases burden is found there.
Secondary sources
Chemical physical processes
anthropogenic
Earth surface Primary sources
non surface sources worth nothing
Natural sources
Sources of trace gases
Emissions into the atmosphere are often broken down into categories
of anthropogenic(also called “man-made sources) or natural sources also having geogenic sources.
The composition of the atmosphere is predominately determined by
biological processes acting with concert with physical and chemical change.
Though the concentration of the major atmosphere constituents remain
Above the troposphere lies the stratosphere, a quiescent region of the atmosphere where vertical transport of material is slow and
radiative transfer of energy dominates. In this region lies the ozone layer which has an important property
regions which are distinguished by different characteristic of
dynamical motions of the air. The lowest region, from the surface of earth to the tropopause at a range of 10km-15km, is termed the troposphere. This region is of active weather systems which determine the climate at the surface of the earth. The lowest of the troposphere is influenced by earth surface on daily basis.
Increased acid deposition, ozone episodes, ozone loss , climate change
Regions of atmosphere In order to understand the chemistry of the atmosphere we need to map the different regions of the atmosphere. The atmosphere can be conveniently classified into a number of
The troposphere is well mixed and its bulk composition is 78%N2,
21%O2,1%Ar, and 0.036%CO2 with varying amounts of water vapor depending on temperature and altitude.
troposphere
Determine the climate ,Influenced by earth surface very dominantly
stratosphere
mesosphere thermosphere ionosphere
a quiescent region, have the ozone layer absorbing ultraviolet
transformation of primary pollutants in the atmosphere are referred to as having secondary sources or being secondary species.
Sources of trace gases
sources
turbulent motion in the atmosphere over large spatial.
Above the mesosphere is a region characterized by a rapid rise in temperature, known as thermosphere. In the thermosphere, the gases, NO2 and O2, are dissociated to a significant extent into atoms so the mean molecular mass of the atmosphere species falls. The pressure is low and thermal energies are significantly departed from the Boltzmann equilibrium. And the top layer of the atmosphere with certain characteristic is ionosphere. Though there are lots of chemistry taking place higher up to the
emission occur.
It is worth nothing that there are number of sources that do not occur within the boundary layer, such as lightning production of nitrogen oxides and a range of pollutants emitted from the combustion-taking
the same, the concentration of trace species, which are key to many atmosphere processes are changing.
It is apparent that man’s activities are beginning to change the composition of the atmosphere over a range of scales, leading to, for example, increased acid deposition, local and regional ozone episodes, stratospheric ozone loss and potentially climate change.
series of chemical and physical transformation. Trace species emitted directly into the atmosphere are termed to have
primary sources,e.g.SO2,NO,CO.
Those formed as a products of chemical and/or physical
Part 2 Unit 5 Chemistry of the Atmosphere
generalization of atmosphere The thin gaseous envelop that surrounded our planet is integral to the maintenance of life on earth.
For the individual emission of a primary pollutant there are a number
of factors should be taken into account in order to estimate the emission strength, these include the range and type of sources and the spatio-and temporal distribution of the sources. Often these factors are compiled into the so-called emission inventories that combine the rate of emission of various sources with the number and type of each source and the time over which the