专四练习(独立主格结构)
独立主格练习题及答案
独立主格练习题及答案1. I have a lot of books, half of ________ novels.A. whichB. thatC. whomD. them2. ________ more and more forests destroyed, many animals are facing the danger of dying out.A. becauseB. asC. WithD. Since3. The bus was crowded with passengers going home from market, most of ________ carrying heavy bags and baskets full of fruit and vegetables they had bought there.A. themB. whoC. whomD. which4. The largest collection ever found in England was one of about00,000 silver pennies, all of ________ over00 years old.A. whichB. thatC. themD. it5. The cave ________ very dark, he lit some candles ________ light.A. was; givenB. was; to giveC. being; givenD. being; to give6. The soldier rushed into the cave, his right hand ________ a gun and his face ________ with sweat.A held; covered B. holding; covering C. holding;covered D. held; covering7. The girl in the snapshot was smiling sweetly, her long hair _________.A. flowed in the breezeB. was flowing in the breezeC. were flowing in the breezeD. flowing in the breeze8. The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons _________ for the day.A. finishingB. finishedC. had finishedD. were finished9. On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _________ parents seated together joking.A. theirB. whoseC. whichD. that10. The Smiths are rich and they have three cars, one a Toyota, ________ Land Rover of the latest.A. anotherB. otherC. the otherD. the others1. D。
专四练习(独立主格结构)
例题整理1. 历年真题1) The country’s chief exports are coal, cars and cotton goods, cars______ the most important of these. （1994年第57题）A. have beenB. areC. beingD. are being【译文】这个国家的主要出口物有煤、汽车和棉制品, 其中汽车是最重要的一种。
【答案】C【解析】前半句为主句，且句子已经完整，故先排除选项A、选项B与选项D。
再根据句子分析，独立主格结构相当于条件状语从句，故选C。
2) _____no cause for alarm, the old man went back to his bedroom. (1996年第51题)A. there wasB. sinceC. beingD. there being【译文】因为没有事情需要警惕，老人回到他的卧室里。
【答案】D【解析】后半句为主句，且句子已经完整，故先排除选项A。
选项B不合语法规则，故排除。
独立主格结构相当于条件状语从句，表原因。
故选D。
3) There___ nothing more for discussion, the meeting came to an end half an hour earlier. （2000年第45题）A. to beB. to have beenC. BeingD. be【译文】由于没有什么可讨论的，会议提早半个小时就结束了。
【答案】C【解析】后半句为主句，且句子已经完整，故排除选项D；第一部分的意思应该是There being nothing more for discussion= Because there was nothingmore for discussion,独立主格结构相当于原因状语从句。
故选择C。
4) Agriculture is the country’s chief source of wealth, wheat ______ by far the biggest cereal crop. （2003年第51题）A. isB. beenC. beD. being【译文】农业是这个国家主要的经济来源，到目前为止小麦是最重要的谷类作物。
(完整版)专四练习(独立主格结构)
例题整理1. 历年真题1) The country’s chief exports are coal, cars and cotton goods, cars______ the most important of these. （1994年第57题）A. have beenB. areC. beingD. are being【译文】这个国家的主要出口物有煤、汽车和棉制品, 其中汽车是最重要的一种。
【答案】C【解析】前半句为主句，且句子已经完整，故先排除选项A、选项B与选项D。
再根据句子分析，独立主格结构相当于条件状语从句，故选C。
2) _____no cause for alarm, the old man went back to his bedroom. (1996年第51题)A. there wasB. sinceC. beingD. there being【译文】因为没有事情需要警惕，老人回到他的卧室里。
【答案】D【解析】后半句为主句，且句子已经完整，故先排除选项A。
选项B不合语法规则，故排除。
独立主格结构相当于条件状语从句，表原因。
故选D。
3) There___ nothing more for discussion, the meeting came to an end half an hour earlier. （2000年第45题）A. to beB. to have beenC. BeingD. be【译文】由于没有什么可讨论的，会议提早半个小时就结束了。
【答案】C【解析】后半句为主句，且句子已经完整，故排除选项D；第一部分的意思应该是There being nothing more for discussion= Because there was nothingmore for discussion,独立主格结构相当于原因状语从句。
故选择C。
4) Agriculture is the country’s chief source of wealth, wheat ______ by far the biggest cereal crop. （2003年第51题）A. isB. beenC. beD. being【译文】农业是这个国家主要的经济来源，到目前为止小麦是最重要的谷类作物。
英语专业四级独立主格(打印)
专四语法（独立主格）概念：独立主格是由名词和代词加上分词等构成的一种独立结构，用于修饰整个句子。
独立结构中的名词或代词与其后的分词等构成逻辑上的主谓关系。
“独立主格结构”。
实质就是带有自己主语的非限制性状语从句。
独立主格结构的构成：名词（代词）+现在分词、过去分词；名词（代词）+形容词；名词（代词）+副词；名词（代词）+不定式；名词（代词）+介词短语构成。
独立主格结构的特点：1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。
2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词等是主谓关系。
3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。
使用独立主格的结构的注意事项（1）当状语从句的主语与主句的主语不是指同一个对象时，可用独立主格结构取代状语从句，但不再保留连词。
如：After class was over (=class being over/ class over), the students soon left the classroom.（2）在下列两种情况下，独立主格结构中的being(或having been)不能省略：a) 独立主格的逻辑主语是代词时。
如：It being Sunday, we went to church.b) 在There being +名词的结构中。
如：There being no bus, we had to go home on foot.（3）在“名词（或代词）+介词短语”构成的独立主格结构中，一般不用形容词性物主代词和冠词。
如：Miss Smith entered the classroom, book in hand. (比较with的复合结构：Miss Smith entered the classroom, with a book in his hand.（4）独立主格结构没有所有格形式。
如The chief-editor arriving, we began the meeting.(比较动名词复合结构：The chief-editor’s arriving made us very surprised.)（5）独立主格结构作时间或原因状语时，可用完成时，表示该动作发生在谓语之前。
专四语法1--独立主格
• The last guest to arrive, our party was started. • 他提议一次野餐，他本人出钱买火车票，而ＪＯＨＮ提供食物．
• 武松打虎，唯一的武器是一根哨棒． • 人生是很短暂的，而其中能静下心来读书的时间就更少．我们不应该浪费 宝贵的时间去读那些毫无价值的书. --- John Ruskin
独立主格
• 96 • _______no cause for alarm, the old man w ent back to his bedroom. a. There was • b. Since • c. Being • d. There being
独立主格
• 94 • 5. The country’s chief exports are coal, car s and cotton goods, cars _______the most important of these. a. have been • b. are • c. being • d. are being
区别“悬垂分词”
• 而如果一个分词结构在句子中找不到它的 逻辑主语,语法上称作“悬垂分词”，多用 于科技文写作． • When planting these flowers, care must be taken not to damage the roots. (人们)种这些花时必须小心,不要损坏了 花根。
• 48. Time ______, the celebration will be held as scheduled. • a. permit • b. permitting • c. permitted • d. permits
独立主格
• 00: • 45. There ______ nothing more for discussion, the meeting came to an end half an hour earlier. • a. to be • b. to have been • c. being • d. be
独立主格及练习
独立主格” 结构 Absolute Structure独立主格结构又叫独立结构(absolute construction ,由名词 /主格代词 + 现在分词(或过去分词、不定式、名词、形容词、副词、介词短语构成。
在语法上不是句子。
具有以下特点:(1在句子中作状语 ,表示时间、原因、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随情况。
(2可置于句首,也可放在句尾,用逗号隔开,句首或句中没有从属或并列连词(3它的逻辑主语与主句的主语不同,不指同一人或同一物。
(4 be 动词在独立主格结构中一般转化为 being 。
二、独立主格结构的构成I. 分词(v+ing, v+ed独立主格结构,可以转换成状语从句eg.1. 今天是星期天 , 你不必去上学。
A 用原因从句表达:Because it is Sunday, you needn't go to school.或用并列句:It is Sunday, so you needn’t go to school.(OB 用分词独立结构表达:It being Sunday, you needn't go to school.但不能写成:Being Sunday, you needn't go to school.(因分词的逻辑主语不是句子的主语 , 所以句子错误。
2. 官员们都到齐了 , 宣布开会。
A 用时间状语从句表达:After (when all the officials had arrived, the meeting was declared open.B 用分词独立结构表达:All the officials having arrived, the meeting was declared open.3. 天气允许的话 , 我们去颐和园。
A 用条件状语从句表达:If weather permits, we'll go to the Summer Palace.B 用分词独立结构表达:Weather permitting , we'll go to the Summer Palace.4. 他看着这情景 , 张大着嘴。
专四练习之语法(非谓语动词,独立结构)
1.名词（或代词）＋现在分词（或过去分词）。如： 1）The moon appearing, they decided to go on with their journey. 2）Good-bye said,he went home.
With +n./pron.+ doing/done/prep.
With book in hand
主格名词/代词 + 分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词
短语
(作逻辑主语)
(作逻辑谓语)
（二） 独立主格结构的特点： 1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独 立存在。 2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定 式，介词 等是主谓关系。 3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。 4）用分词时表示主动关系用现在分词，被动关系用过 去分词；
3.非谓语动词作补语的要点提示
1. 现在分词表动作正在进行， 过去分词表被动， 不定式表动作已完成或结束 2.补语如果是非持续性动词，不定式表
一次性的动作，现在分词则表示反复发 生的动作。
真题演练（2004）
The Minister of Finance is believed____ of imposing new taxes to raise extra revenue.
Consider/ decide/ know/ explain /forget/ learn/ remember/ tell/ wonder
真题演练（1993）
I never regretted_______ the offer, for it was not where my interest lay.
独立主格和非谓语专四练习
1．In phrase like freezing cold, burning hot, or soaking wet, the –ING participle is used ___.A.For concessionB. for emphasisC. as a commandD. as a condition 2．Facing the board of directors, he didn’t deny ___ breaking the agreement.A.HimB. itC. hisD. its3．Please pardon___ you.A.My disturbingB. disturbingC. me to disturbD. that I disturb 4．The bank is reported in the local newspaper ___in broad daylight yesterday.A.To be robbedB. robbedC. to have been robbedD. having been robbed 5．Mr. Milton prefers to resign ___ part in such dishonest business deals.A.Than takeB. than to takeC. rather than takeD. rather than to take 6．It turned out that the children were not ___ for the accident.A.To blameB. to be blamedC. to be blamingD. to have been blamed 7．___ for a long time, the fields are all dried up.A.There has been no rainB. Having no rainC. There having been no rainD. There being no rain8．The millions of calculations involved, ___by hand, would have lost all practical value.A.Had they been doneB. they had been doneC. having been doneD. they were done9．While being questioned on the court, the man denied ___ the old lady’s necklace.A.Having takenB. takingC. to have takenD. to take10．Dr. Park was accused ___ the patient with overdose of sleeping pills so that the patient’s life was terminated before the expected time.A.Of providingB. with providingC. to have providedD. to provide 11．Joseph was very lucky ___ with his life; he almost did not get out of the room.A.To escapeB. to have escapedC. to escapingD. to be escaping 12．Our civilization cannot be thought of as ___ in a short period of time.A.To have been createdB. to be createdC. having been createdD. being created1-5：BCACC 6-10: ACAAA 11-12: BC。
(完整word版)专四独立主格结构练习题
独立主格结构的构成：名词（代词)+现在分词、过去分词；名词（代词）+形容词；名词（代词）+副词；名词（代词）+不定式;名词（代词）+介词短语构成。
独立主格结构的特点：1)独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。
2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词等是主谓关系。
3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开.例如：The test finished, we began our holiday. = When the test was finished，we began our holiday。
考试结束了,我们开始放假。
The president assassinated，the whole country was in deep sorrow。
= After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow。
总统被谋杀了，举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中。
Weather permitting，we are going to visit you tomorrow. 天气允许，我们明天去看你。
This done，we went home. 工作完成后,我们才回家。
The meeting gone over，everyone tired to go home earlier。
会议结束后，每个人都想早点回家。
He came into the room, his ears red with cold。
他回到了房子里，耳朵冻得红通通的。
He came out of the library, a large book under his arm. 他夹着本厚书，走出了图书馆2 with的复合结构作独立主格表示伴随情况时，既可用分词的独立结构，也可用with的复合结构：with +名词（代词)+现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语。
独立主格结构及精选习题
独立主格结构及精选习题独立主格结构（一）定义：不定式或分词短语作状语时，它的逻辑主语一般必须与句子的主语一致。
但有时它也可以有自己的独立的逻辑主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构。
（二）构成：1. 名词（代词）+ 不定式、现在分词或过去分词Weather permitting, we'll go sightseeing.= If weather permits, ...作条件状语天气允许的话，我们要去观光。
Homework finished, the boy went out to play football.=When homework was finished,...作时间状语作业做完了，男孩出去玩足球。
The exam to be held tomorrow, I can't go to the cinema tonight.明天要考试，我今晚不能去看电影。
2. 名词（代词）+（being ）+表语（名词、形容词、副词或介词短语）It (being) Sunday, we went climbing.= As it was Sunday, ...作原因状语由于是星期天，我们去爬山。
Tod looked at the million-pound note, his eyes (being) wide open.托德眼睛睁得大大的看着百万钞票。
Summer vacations (being) over, students returned to school.暑假结束了，学生们返回学校。
3. with + 名词（代词）+宾补，宾补可用现在分词、过去分词、动词不定式、形容词、副词或介词短语。
此句型又称with复合结构。
a. They pretended to be working hard all night with their lights burning.他们点着灯假装整晚都在努力工作。
独立主格(带练习)(完整版)
2)____D______, the train started.
A.After having given the signal B.After the signal given
1.___D_____, the train started.
A.The signal given B.After the signal was given C.Given the signal D.all the above
2.__D______, the text became easier for us to learn.
1.Father came back, ___A____ a bag of money on his left shoulder.
A.carrying
B.he was carrying
C.and carrying D.all the above
2.Father came back, _D______ by a monkey.
D.Being explained new words
3、逻辑主语+形容词（副词） 该结构相当于一个未带动词的“主—系—表”
结构。如：
1)___B________, the patient can leave the hospital. A.Better conditions B.Conditions better C.Conditions are better D.Being better conditions
A. New words explained B. B.When new words were explained C. C.When teacher explained new words
(完整版)独立主格结构练习
独立主格结构练习一1. ______ no bus, we had to walk home.A. There wasB. There beingC. Because there beingD.There were2. ____, I'll go there with you tomorrow afternoon.A. Time permitsB. If time permittingC. Time permittingD. Time's permitting3._____, we all went home happily.A. Goodbye was saidB. Goodbye had been saidC. Goodbye saidD. When goodbye said4. _____, we all went swimming in high spirits.A. It being fine weatherB. It fine weatherC. It was fine weatherD. It being a fine weather5. ____, the bus started at once.A. The signal was givenB. The signal givingC. The signal givenD. When the signal given6. She stood there, _____ from her cheeks.A. tears' rolling downB. tears rolled downC. with tears rolled downD. tears rolling down7. ____, the leaves are turning green.A. When spring coming onB. Spring coming onC. Spring came onD. Spring being come on8. _____, I had to buy a new one.A. My dictionary losingB. My dictionary having been lostC. My dictionary had been lostD. Because my dictionary lost9. I used to sleep with the window _____.A. openedB. openC. opening D to open10. ____, the hunter went into the forest.A. A gun on shoulderB. A gun was on his shoulderC. Gun on shoulderD. A gun being on shoulder11. ____ production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year.A. AsB. ForC. WithD. Through12. With a lot of work ____, I have to sit up tonight.A. doB. doingC. doneD. to do13. He stood there silently, his lips_____.A. tremblingB. trembledC. were tremblingD. were trembling14. _____, her suggestion is of greater value than yours.A. All things consideringB. All things consideredC. All things were consideredD. With all things were considered15. ______, we will surely succeed.A. The teacher helping usB. The teacher to help usC. The teacher will help usD. With the teacher helping独立主格结构练习二1.The thief stood before the policeman,__________ admitting what he had done.A.with his drooping headB.drooping his headC.raising his headD.with his head down2.__________ ,he can't go out for a walk as usual.A.With so much work to doB.With so much work doingC.With so much work doneD.Without so much work to do3.It's quite strange that the man sleeps with his mouth __________ and his eyes __________ .A.closed;openB.closed;openedC.closing;openD.closing;opening4.All things __________ ,the plan trip will have to be called off.A.be consideredB.consideredC.consideringD.having considering5.__________ ,we have to get down to business right away.A.As there was no time leftB.There is no time leftC.There being no time leftD.There to be no time left6.__________ yesterday,we went out for a walk.A.As a fine dayB.It was a fine dayC.It being a fine dayD.For it was a fine day7.The old man stood there,__________ .A.with back against the wallB.with his back against the wallC.with back against wallD.his back against wall独立主格结构练习三1. ______ no bus, we had to walk home.A. There wasB. There beingC. Because there being2. ____, I'll go there with you tomorrow afternoon.A. Time permitsB. If time permittingC. Time permittingD. Time's permitting3. _____, we all went home happily.A. Goodbye was saidB. Goodbye had been saidC. Goodbye saidD. When goodbye said4. _____, we all went swimming in high spirits.A. It being fine weatherB. It fine weatherC. It was fine weatherD. It being a fine weather5. ____, the bus started at once.A. The signal was givenB. The signal givingC. The signal givenD. When the signal given6. She stood there, _____ from her cheeks.A. tears' rolling downB. tears rolled downC. with tears rolled downD. tears rolling down7. ____, the leaves are turning green.A. When spring coming onB. Spring coming onC. Spring came onD. Spring being come on8. _____, I had to buy a new one.A. My dictionary losingB. My dictionary having been lostC. My dictionary had been lostD. Because my dictionary lost9. I used to sleep with the window _____.A. openedB. openC. opening D to open10. ____, the hunter went into the forest.A. A gun on shoulderB. A gun was on his shoulderC. Gun on shoulderD. A gun being on shoulder11. ____ production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year.A. AsB. ForC. WithD. Through12. With a lot of work ____, I have to sit up tonight.A. doB. doingC. doneD. to do13. He stood there silently, his lips_____.A. tremblingB. trembledC. were tremblingD. were trembling14. _____, her suggestion is of greater value than yours.A. All things consideringB. All things consideredC. All things were consideredD. With all things were considered15. ______, we will surely succeed.A. The teacher helping usB. The teacher to help usC. The teacher will help usD. With the teacher helping独立主格结构巩固练习一答案：1-5 BCCAC 6-10 DBBBC11-15 CDABB独立主格结构巩固练习二答案:1—5 DAABC 6—7 CB独立主格结构练习三1-5 BCCAC 6-10 DBBBC 11-15 CDABB独立主格结构常见类型及练习1.__________no bus, we had to walk home.A. There beingB. BeingC. Having beenD. There was2._______no bus, we had to walk home.A. As there beingB. As there wasC. BeingD. There was3._______Sunday, the library doesn't open.A. BeingB. There beingC. It beingD. Having been4.______Sunday, the library doesn't open.A. As it beingB. BeingC. It isD. As it is5._________, the train started.A. The signal givenB. Giving the signalC. The signal being givenD. The signal giving6.__________, the train started.A. After having given the signalB. After the signal givenC. Giving the signalD. After the signal was given7._________, the text became easier for us to learn.A. Explaining new wordsB. New words explainedC. Being explained new wordsD. Having explained new words8.______________, the text became easier for us to learn.A. When new words were explainedB. Explaining new wordsC. New words explainingD. Being explained new word9.___________, the patient can leave the hospital.A. Better conditionsB. Conditions betterC. Conditions are betterD. Being better conditions10._________, the patient can leave the hospital.A. If better conditionsB. If conditions betterC. If conditions are betterD. Being betterconditions11.________, we’d like to go outing.A. Being SundayB. Sunday OKC. Sunday is OKD. If Sunday OK12.___________, we’d like to go outing.A. If Sunday is OKB. Sunday being OKC. Sunday OKD.A,B and C13._________, you can wait a while.A. The play being still onB. The play still on C Being still on the play D.A and B14._________, so you can wait a whileA. The play is still onB. The play being still onC. As the play is still onD. The play still on15.The boy followed the nobleman here, ___________.A. a sword in handB. a sword in his handC. being a sword in handD. sword in hand16.The boy followed the nobleman here ___________.A. with a sword in his handB. with a sword in handC. with a sword being in handD. a sword being in hand17.He left the office, __________.A. tears being in eyesB. tears in his eyesC. being tears in eyesD. with tears being ineyes18.The factory produced many famous cars, none of ____ shipped to foreign countries.A. themB. whichC. itD. what19.All flights ____ because of the snowstorm, many passengers could do nothing but take the train.A. having been cancelledB. had been cancelled C .have been cancelled D. being cancelled20.The manager was very angry, for he had sent his business partner two thousand machines yesterday, half of ___ unqualified.A. themB. whatC. whichD. whom21.____________, I had to ask for two days’ leave.A. Mother being illB. Mother illC. As mother was illD. A,B and C22.____________, we have to work late into the night.A. The exam nearB. The exam being nearC. As the exam is nearD. A,B and C23. _____, we decided to go for an outing.A. weather permittingB. The weather being so fineC. Had weather permittedD. If theweather is clear24.__________, the text became easier for us to learn.A. New words explainedB. When new words were explainedC. When teacher explained new wordsD. all above25.___________, we'll go to visit the Great Wall.A. Weather permittingB. If weather permitsC. If permittingD.A and B26._________, the patient will recover himself soon.A. If the treatment is in timeB. The treatment in timeC. The treatment being in timeD. A, B and C27.We have lessons every day, ___________.A. Sunday includedB. Sunday includingC. Sunday is includingD. all the above28.The boy fell asleep,___________.A. cap on headB. with a cap on headC. a cap was on headD. all the above29.Father came home,_________A .a dog following him B. a dog followed him C. being followed by a dog D. all the above30.With the man ______ us ahead, we had no trouble finding the village.A. to guideB. guidingC. guidedD. to have guide31.With a lot of work_____, she doesn’t have time to rest.A. to doB. to be doneC. doingD. done32.With the machine _____all the time, we finished harvesting crops in time.A. to workB. workedC. workingD. being working33.The street looks more beautiful with all the lights _____.A. are onB. onC. to be onD. been on34.With our problem ________, we all felt happy.A. to settleB. to be settledC. settledD. being settled35. With a lot of difficult problems ___, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.A. to settleB. settledC. settingD. being settled36.With his work______, the secretary began to walk home.A. to doB. doingC. doneD. to be done37.The man found the door with both his eyes ______.A. to be closedB. being closedC. closedD. closing38.We felt uncomfortable with two waitresses_______.A. standing byB. to be standing byC. stood byD. being standing by39.The murderer was brought in, with his hands________.A. to be tied behindB. tied behindC. tying behindD. being tied behind40.You can’t see well ________.A. with the glasses onB. being on the glassesC. with the glasses to be onD. with the glasses41.Do you know the man ______ a book in his hand?A. withB. havingC. beingD.A and B42.Please offer your seat to the woman _____ a baby in her arms.A. carryingB. havingC. with D .all the above43._______late, we had to walk home.A. BeingB. As we wereC. We beingD.A and B44.______ busy, they had no time to play.A. As they wereB. BeingC. Because they wereD. all the above45. _______ the production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year.A. ForB. AsC. BecauseD. With46.With too many construction projects _____ all the strength out of the economy, people of the small country complained a lot. A. sucking B. to suck C. being sucked D. being sucking47. —Come on, please give me some ideas about the project.—Sorry. With so much work my mind, I almost break down. [2007 福建卷]A. filledB. fillingC. to fillD. being filled48. I send you 100 dollars today, the rest ____________ in a year.A. followsB. followedC. to followD. being followed49.Father came back, _______ a bag of money on his left shoulder.A. carryingB. he was carryingC. and carryingD. all the above50.Father came back, _______ by a monkey.A. and he was followedB. followedC. and was followedD. all the above51. With the weather conditions ____, they flew to London immediately.A. taken account intoB. taken into accountC. taking account intoD. taking into account52._________, he finished playing the game of chess.A. His eyes closingB. With his eyes closedC. Closing his eyesD. Closed his eyes53._________, I couldn’t get the book I wanted.A. ClosedB. Library closedC. Closing libraryD. With library closing54._________, the teacher told the class to go through the textA. Checking the answersB. Checking the answers andD. all the above55._________a rainy day,A. It being C. It was D. all the above56.As_______a little sick, he remained at the clinic.A. feelingB. he feltC. he fellingD. all the above57.______ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.A. LostB. As he was lost C .He lost D.A and B58._______for the bus at the stop, he suddenly caught sight of a thief.A. WaitingB. When he was waitingC. As he was waitingD. all the above59.The soldier fell asleep ___________.A. with the candle burningB. burning the candleC. when he was burning the candleD. when burning the candle60.__________, the Tiananmen Square looks more beautiful.A. Being onB. When being onC. With all the lights onD. When it turns on all the lights61.________ the notice, he had an idea.A. When he was watchingB. WatchingC. When watchingD. all the above62.________ the notice, an idea came to his mind.A. When he was watchingB. WatchingC. When watchingD. all the above63. ________,there is no school.A. It is SundayB. It was SundayC. It will be SundayD. It being Sunday64. ________,all the students ran out of the classroom.A. Class was overB. Class is overC. Class overD. When class over65. ________,everything has changed.A. Time goes onB. Time going onC. As time going onD. With time went on66.He was lying on the grass,his hands________ under his head.A. crossingB. crossedC. was crossingD. were crossed67. The storm________ their house,they had to live in a cave.A. destroyedB. destroyingC. having destroyedD. being destroyed68. He entered the room, ________.A. his nose was red with coldB. and his nose red with coldC. his nose red with coldD. his nose been red with cold69. Here are the first two volumes,the third one________ next month.A. to come outB. coming outC. will come outD. having come out70. All things________, I think we ought to give the job to Mike.A. consideringB. consideredC. having consideredD. are considered71. Spider was up and standing at the door, with every hair of her body ____.A. stood upB. on its endC. on endD. on the end72. The problem__________ ,they all went home happily.A. settlingB. to be settledC. settledD. to settle73. A lot of work_________ ,he had no time to talk with us.A. doneB. to doC. doingD. to be doing74.Everyone________ their seats, the meeting began.A. takenB. takingC. having takenD. to take75.He stood there,his hands________ behind.A. tyingB. tiedC. were tyingD. were tied76.________, Mother had to stay at home and looked after him.A. Being illB. He was illC. Tom being illD. To be ill77. The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent ________at the end of last March. [2007 山东卷]A．has been launched B．having been launched C．being launched D．to be launched 78. The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons _______ for the day. [07重庆]A. finishingB. finishedC. had finishedD. were finished79.There are a lot of stars existing in space,most of ____ are unknown to us. Band most of _____ are unknown to us. Dmost of ____being unknown to us. DA. whoB. which C that D them80. Anderson entered the classroom,_____ book in _____ hand.A. /; hisB. /; /C. a; /D. a; the81. He left, his sweetheart ____ very lonely.A. feltB. feelsC. has feltD. feeling82.Mr. Black left for Beijing this morning, his secretary ____ him there this Friday.A. would join B .joined C. joining D. to join83. ____ at hand, he had to borrow some to buy his wife a present.A. There was no moneyB. There being no moneyC. Being no moneyD. Not been money84. A team of 15 Indian experts are organizing a workforce of 400 Cambodians, ____.A. most of them womenB. most of whom womenC. and most of whom are womenD. most them are women85.The final exam ________ , your parents will not properly allow you to listen to music.A. drawing nearB. draw nearC. is drawing nearD. is drew near86. The thief was brought in, his hands ____________ behind his back.A. tyingB. tiedC. being tiedD. having tied87. So many students __________ for the traffic jam, the exam had to be put off.A. were lateB. been lateC. has been lateD. being lateA. have been canceledB. had been canceledC. having been canceledD. being canceled88.He wrote a lot of novels, many of _______ translated into a foreign language.A. themB. whichC. itD. what89. We got near a garden, ______ owner sitting in it. A. its B. whose C. that D. which90. The fine day ______________ our pleasure, we had a good time in the country.A. added upB. added inC. added up toD. added to91. Our teacher entered the classroom, __________.A. a book in handB. book in handC. book in his handD. a book in hands92. There ____________ nothing to talk about, everyone in the room remained silent.A. wasB. hadC. beingD. having。
高中英语独立主格结构练习题50题含答案解析
高中英语独立主格结构练习题50题含答案解析1.The girl lay on the grass, her eyes looking at the blue sky.A.closedB.closingC.being closedD.having closed答案解析：B。
独立主格结构中，“her eyes looking at the blue sky”是名词加现在分词形式，表示主动关系。
A 选项“closed”是过去分词表示被动；C 选项“being closed”也是被动形式；D 选项“having closed”表示动作已完成，不符合语境。
2.The boy sat by the window, his head resting on his hand.A.restedB.restingC.being restedD.having rested答案解析：B。
“his head resting on his hand”是独立主格结构，名词加现在分词表主动关系。
A 选项“rested”是过去分词表被动；C 选项“being rested”被动形式错误；D 选项“having rested”动作已完成不合适。
3.The dog lay in the sun, its tail wagging.A.waggedB.waggingC.being waggedD.having wagged答案解析：B。
“its tail wagging”独立主格结构，名词加现在分词表示主动。
A 选项“wagged”过去分词表被动；C 选项“being wagged”被动形式错误；D 选项“having wagged”动作已完成不恰当。
4.The old man walked slowly, his cane tapping on the ground.A.tappedB.tappingC.being tappedD.having tapped答案解析：B。
独立主格结构练习试题
独立主格构造练习一1. ______ no bus, we had to walk home.A. There wasB. There beingC. Because there beingD.There were2. ____, I'll go there with you tomorrow afternoon.A. Time permitsB. If time permittingC. Time permittingD. Time's permitting3._____, we all went home happily.A. Goodbye was saidB. Goodbye had been saidC. Goodbye saidD. When goodbye said4. _____, we all went swimming in high spirits.A. It being fine weatherB. It fine weatherC. It was fine weatherD. It being a fine weather5. ____, the bus started at once.A. The signal was givenB. The signal givingC. The signal givenD. When the signal given6. She stood there, _____ from her cheeks.A. tears' rolling downB. tears rolled downC. with tears rolled downD. tears rolling down7. ____, the leaves are turning green.A. When spring ing onB. Spring ing onC. Spring came onD. Spring being e on8. _____, I had to buy a new one.A. My dictionary losingB. My dictionary having been lostC. My dictionary had been lostD. Because my dictionary lost9. I used to sleep with the window _____.A. openedB. openC. opening D to open10. ____, the hunter went into the forest.A. A gun on shoulderB. A gun was on his shoulderC. Gun on shoulderD. A gun being on shoulder11. ____ production up by 60%, the pany has had another e*cellent year.A. AsB. ForC. WithD. Through12. With a lot of work ____, I have to sit up tonight.A. doB. doingC. doneD. to do13. He stood there silently, his lips_____.A. tremblingB. trembledC. were tremblingD. were trembling14. _____, her suggestion is of greater value than yours.A. All things consideringB. All things consideredC. All things were consideredD. With all things were considered15. ______, we will surely succeed.A. The teacher helping usB. The teacher to help usC. The teacher will help usD. With the teacher helping独立主格构造稳固练习二1.The thief stood before the policeman,__________ admitting what he had done. *A.with his drooping headB.drooping his headC.raising his headD.with his head down2.__________ ,he can't go out for a walk as usual.A.With so much work to doB.With so much work doingC.With so much work doneD.Without so much work to do3.It's quite strange that the man sleeps with his mouth __________ and his eyes _________.*A.closed;openB.closed;openedC.closing;openD.closing;opening4.All things __________ ,the plan trip will have to be called off.A.be consideredB.consideredC.consideringD.having considering5.__________ ,we have to get down to business right away. *A.As there was no time leftB.There is no time leftC.There being no time leftD.There to be no time left6.__________ yesterday,we went out for a walk. *A.As a fine dayB.It was a fine dayC.It being a fine dayD.For it was a fine day7.The old man stood there,__________ .A.with back against the wallB.with his back against the wallC.with back against wallD.his back against wall独立主格构造稳固练习三1.______ no bus, we had to walk home.A. There wasB. There beingC. Because there being2. ____, I'll go there with you tomorrow afternoon.A. Time permitsB. If time permittingC. Time permittingD. Time's permitting3. _____, we all went home happily.A. Goodbye was saidB. Goodbye had been saidC. Goodbye saidD. When goodbye said4. _____, we all went swimming in high spirits.A. It being fine weatherB. It fine weatherC. It was fine weatherD. It being a fine weather5. ____, the bus started at once.A. The signal was givenB. The signal givingC. The signal givenD. When the signal given6. She stood there, _____ from her cheeks.A. tears' rolling downB. tears rolled downC. with tears rolled downD. tears rolling down7. ____, the leaves are turning green.A. When spring ing onB. Spring ing onC. Spring came onD. Spring being e on8. _____, I had to buy a new one.A. My dictionary losingB. My dictionary having been lostC. My dictionary had been lostD. Because my dictionary lost9. I used to sleep with the window _____.A. openedB. openC. opening D to open10. ____, the hunter went into the forest.A. A gun on shoulderB. A gun was on his shoulderC. Gun on shoulderD. A gun being on shoulder11. ____ production up by 60%, the pany has had another e*cellent year.A. AsB. ForC. WithD. Through12. With a lot of work ____, I have to sit up tonight.A. doB. doingC. doneD. to do13. He stood there silently, his lips_____.A. tremblingB. trembledC. were tremblingD. were trembling14. _____, her suggestion is of greater value than yours.A. All things consideringB. All things consideredC. All things were consideredD. With all things were considered15. ______, we will surely succeed.A. The teacher helping usB. The teacher to help usC. The teacher will help usD. With the teacher helping独立主格构造非谓语动词作状语时，它的逻辑主语应该是句子的主语。
独立主格结构练习题
独立主格结构练习题独立主格结构练习题在英语语法中，独立主格结构是一种常见的句子结构，它可以用来表达时间、原因、条件等关系。
通过独立主格结构的运用，可以使句子更加丰富多样，增加句子的表达力。
下面将给出一些独立主格结构的练习题，帮助读者更好地理解和掌握这一句子结构。
练习题一：时间1. 阅读书籍对于扩大知识面很重要。
2. 天黑了，我们开始收拾行李。
3. 他们在山顶上欢呼雀跃，庆祝他们的胜利。
练习题二：原因1. 天气太炎热，他们决定取消户外活动。
2. 考试成绩优秀，他们获得了奖学金。
3. 母亲工作繁忙，他们自己做饭。
练习题三：条件1. 你完成作业之后，我们可以一起去看电影。
2. 如果你努力学习，你一定能够取得好成绩。
3. 假如你迟到了，你将会被罚款。
练习题四：目的1. 我们买了一本菜谱，为了学习做新菜肴。
2. 他们去购物，为了买一些新衣服。
3. 我们每天锻炼身体，以保持健康。
练习题五：方式1. 他们用微笑和拥抱来庆祝胜利。
2. 她用手指敲击键盘，写下了一篇优秀的文章。
3. 他们用歌声和舞蹈来庆祝节日。
通过以上练习题，我们可以看到独立主格结构的用法和作用。
它可以使句子更加丰富多样，增加句子的表达力。
在使用独立主格结构时，需要注意以下几点：首先，独立主格结构通常由名词或代词加上动词的ing形式构成，例如"阅读书籍"、"天黑了"、"庆祝他们的胜利"等。
这样的结构可以独立存在于句子中，不受主句的限制。
其次，独立主格结构可以表达时间、原因、条件、目的、方式等关系。
通过这些关系的表达，可以使句子更加准确地传达信息。
最后，独立主格结构的使用需要注意其位置和标点符号。
通常情况下，独立主格结构位于句子的开头或结尾，并且与主句之间用逗号隔开。
总的来说，独立主格结构是一种常见且实用的句子结构，通过练习题的实践，读者可以更好地掌握和运用这一结构。
在日常写作和口语表达中，合理运用独立主格结构，可以使句子更加丰富多样，增加句子的表达力，提高语言的表达能力。
独立主格结构总结及练习
独立主格结构一、概念独立主格结构（Absolute Structure）是一种特殊的结构，前一部分是名词或主格代词（作为逻辑主语），后一部分是非谓语动词(不定式和分词)或形容词、副词、名词或介词短语，独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的分词等构成逻辑上的主谓关系, 在句中做状语，用于修饰整个句子。
其位置灵活，可位于句前、句中或句末，常由逗号将其与句子其它部分分开。
它有以下几个特点：1. 独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。
2. 独立主格结构一般用逗号与主句分开，但与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。
3. 做时间状语、原因状语、条件状语、方式状语、伴随状语等时候，通常可转换成状语从句或并列句。
二、独立主格结构的三种类型：（一）非谓语动词独立主格结构逻辑主语+非谓语动词（不定式、现在分词、过去分词）1. 名词(代词)+现在分词分词作状语,当其逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时,分词应有自己的逻辑主语,构成分词的独立结构。
用名词(代词)+现在分词时，名词(代词)与动词构成逻辑上的主谓关系。
此时的现在分词通常表示动作正在进行（或当时正在进行）。
有时现在分词不表示进行，而表示一般情况的状态或动作。
a) Such being the case, you have no grounds for dismissing him.如果情况如此的话，你没有理由解聘他。
b) He lay at full length upon his stomach，his head resting upon his left forearm．他的脊背朝天，四肢伸展，头枕着左臂，直挺挺地趴伏着。
c) Their room was on the third floor, its window overlooking the sports ground.他们的房间在三层楼上，窗户俯视着操场。
(表示一般情况的状态或动作)2. 名词(代词)+ 过去分词名词(代词)与动词构成逻辑上的动宾关系, 表示被动意义或完成意义。
独立主格 专四真题
1. All plan __ because of the accident, they had to quit.a. having canceledb. were canceledc. having been canceledd. have been canceled2. Written in great haste, ____.a. he made a lot of mistakes in the reportb. there are plenty of errors in the reportc. we found several mistakes in his letterd. the book is full of errors3. silver is the best conductor of electricity, copper ___ it closely.a. followedb. followingc. to followd. being following4. ____ such a good chance, he planned to learn more.a. to be givenb. having been givenc. having givend. giving5. Arriving at the bus stop, ____ waiting there. (1994)A. a lot of people wereB.he found a lot of peopleC.a lot of peopleD.people were found6. Agri culture is the country’s chief source of wealth, wheat ____ by far the biggestcereal crop. (2003)A. isB. beenC. beD. being7. This missile is designed so that once____ nothing can be done to retrieve it.A. firedB. being firedC. they firedD. having fired让步状语从句8. _______I like economics I like sociology much better. 2003a. As much asb. So muchc. How muchd. Much as9. Fool _______Jane is, she could not have done such a thing. 2002a. whob. asc. thatd. like10. _______I sympathize, I can’t really do very much to help them out of the difficulties.a. as long asb. asc. whiled. even 200111. _______he needed money for a new car, he decided not to borrow it from the bank.a. Much asb. Much thoughc. As muchd. Though much 1998结果状语从句-----Does Alan like limburgers? 2003-----Yes. So much _______ that he eats thema. forb. asc. tod. so方式状语从句She did her work _______her manager had instructed. 2002a. asb. untilc. whend. though同位语从句There is no doubt _______the company has made the right decision on the sales project.a. whyb. thatc. whetherd. when 2001宾语从句The team can handle whatever_______.a. that needs handlingb. which needs handlingc. it needs handlingd. needs to be handled 1997We can assign the task to _______ is capable and trustworthy.a. whomeverb. whoc. whomd. whoever 1994原因状语从句Mr. White works with a chemicals import and export company, but he _______for this industrial fair, since he is on leave.a. has workedb. worksc. has been workingd. is working 1998 条件状语从句You won’t get a loan _______you can offer some security.a. lestb. in casec. unlessd. other than1996_______ time, he’ll make a first-class tennis player.a. Havingb. Givenc. Givingd. Had1996_______I was very much mistaken, there was something wrong with Louise.a. Unlessb. Asc. Thoughd. Since 1995CDBBB DA让步：DBCA 结果：D方式：A同位：B宾语：DD原因：D条件：CBA。
英语语法独立主格经典练习
英语语法独立主格经典练习独立主格结构专项练习一I. 指出下列句子中的独立结构1. In front of the house was a tall tree, its top well above the tops of the other trees.2. The mid-term examination was over, the final examination to come in two months.3. The boy stood there, his eyes full of tears.4. A young policeman stood in the street, holding a little red flag, his face red with cold.5. The teacher sat in her chair, surrounded by her students, a happy look in her eyes.6. With nothing to eat, he died of hunger.7. A tall man came into the bank, wearing a pair of dark glasses, his face hidden by an upturned collar and a cap pulled over his brows.8. Mary left the office with tears in her eyes.9. Such being the case, you have no reasons for dismissing him.10. He lay on his back, his teeth set, his right hand clenched on his breast, and his glaring eyes looking straight upward.II. 用独立结构改正下列句子中的错误1. Being freezing cold, she had to dress herself in warm clothes.2. Having finished his homework, we went home.3. A young mother was taking a walk in the schoolyard, followed her little son.4. His bike wrong, he has to walk to school.5. Tom rushed into my room, with his clothes covering with snow.6. They were angry with their money to be stolen.III. 单项填空1. The lecture ______, he left his seat so quietly that no one complained that his leaving disturbed the speaker.A. beganB. beginningC. having begunD. being beginning2. Such ______ the case, I have no other choices.A. beingB. isC. wasD. to be3. Darkness ______ in, the young people strolled on the streets.A. setB. settingC. has setD. was set4. With all factors ______ ,we think this program may be better than all the others in achieving the goal.A. being consideredB. consideringC. consideredD. are considered5. A new technique ______, the production increased by 20 percent.A. to have been worked outB. having worked outC. working outD. having been worked out6. On the top was the clear outline of a great wolf sitting still, ears ______, alert, listening.A. pointedB. pointingC. are pointedD. are pointing7. Walter offered us a lift when he was leaving the office, but our work ______, we didn’t accept the offer.A. not being finishedB. not having finishedC. had not been finishedD. was not finished8. There are various kinds of metals, each ______ its own properties (特性).A. hasB. hadC. to haveD. having9. The old man stood under a big tree, ______.A. a pipe in mouthB. with a pipe in mouthC. pipe in mouthD. pipe in his mouth10. The production ______ steadily, the factory needs an ever-increasing supply of raw material (原料).A. has gone upB. is going upC. having gone upD. being gone upIV. 用独立结构完成下列句子1. Jane ran into the classroom, _____________________________ (手里拿着一个新文具盒).2. ______________________ (午饭时间到了), the students all went to the dining-hall.3. A little girl was making paper flowers, ____________________________________________________ (她的妈妈面带微笑坐在她旁边).4. Here comes the bus from Shanghai, __________________________________________________ (永康来的班车十分钟后到).5. __________________________ (由向导带路),we set off on foot into the dark night.6. ___________________________ (有那么多书要读), I can’t kill time by playing cards.7. At the gate stood a PLA man, __________________________ (手里握着枪).8. _____________________________ (做完家庭作业), he went to bed.9. ______________________ (她的钱包被偷了), she had no money to buy even a bus ticket.10. ________________________ (所有的灯都亮着), our teaching building looks more beautiful.二1. Ford tried dividing the labor，each worker ________ a separate task.A. assigningB. assignedC. was assignedD. would be assigned2. The lecture________，he left his seat so quietly that no one complained that his leaving disturbed the speaker.A. beganB. beginningC. having begunD. being beginning3. Such ________ the case ，there are no grounds to justify your complaints.A. beingB. isC. wasD. to be4. Darkness ________ in，the young people lingered on merrymaking.A. setB. settingC. has setD. was set5. With all factors________，we think this program may excel all the others in achieving the goal.A. being consideredB. consideringC. consideredD. are considered6. A new technique________，the yields as a whole increased by 20 percent.A. to have been worked outB. having worked outC. working outD. having been worked out7. On the top was the clear outline of a great wolf sitting still，ears_________，alert，listening.A. pointedB. pointingC. are pointedD. are pointing8. Walter offered us a lift when he was leaving the office，but our work ________，we declined the offer.A. not being finishedB. not having finishedC. had not been finishedD. was not finished9. There are various kinds of metals，each ________ its own properties.A. hasB. hadC. to haveD. havingarticle opens and closes with descriptions of two news reports, each ________ one major point in contrast with the other.A. makesB. madeC. is to makeD. making11. ________ no bus, we had to walk home.A. There wasB. There beingC. Because there beingD. There were12. _______, I'll go there with you tomorrow afternoon.A. Time permitsB. If time permittingC. Time permittingD. Time's permitting13. _______, we all went home happily.A. Goodbye was saidB. Goodbye had been saidC. Goodbye saidD. When goodbye said14. _______, we all went swimming in high spirits.A. It being fine weatherB. It fine weatherC. It was fine weatherD. It being a fine weather15. _______, the bus started at once.A. The signal was givenB. The signal givingC. The signal givenD. When the signal given16. She stood there, _______ from her cheeks.A. tears' rolling downB. tears rolled downC. with tears rolled downD. tears rolling down17. ______, the leaves are turning green.A. When spring coming onB. Spring coming onC. Spring came onD. Spring being come on18. _______, I had to buy a new one.A. My dictionary losingB. My dictionary having been lostC. My dictionary had been lostD. Because my dictionary lost19. I used to sleep with the window _______.A. openedB. openC. openingD. to open20. ______, the hunter went into the forest.A. A gun on shoulderB. A gun was on his shoulderC. Gun on shoulderD. A gun being on shoulder21. ______ production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year.A. AsB. ForC. WithD. Through22. With a lot of work _______, I have to sit up tonight.A. doB. doingC. doneD. to do23. He stood there silently, his lips_______.A. tremblingB. trembledC. were tremblingD. were trembling24. _______, her suggestion is of greater value than yours.A. All things consideringB. All things consideredC. All things were consideredD. With all things were considered25. ________, we will surely succeed.A. The teacher helping usB. The teacher to help usC. The teacher will help usD. With the teacher helpingher time _______ experiments, she has no time for films.A. devoted to doB. devoted to doingC. devoting to doingD. is devoted to doing27. All the preparations for the projec t _______, we’re ready to start.A. completedB. have been completedC. had been completedD. been completed28. All the preparations for the project _______, and we’re ready to start.A. completedB. have been completedC. had been completedD. been completed29. Such _______ the case, I couldn’t help but_______ him.A. being, supportB. was, supportC. has been, supportingD. is, to support30. Such _______ the case, so I couldn’t help but_______ him.A. being, supportB. was, supportC. has been, supportingD. is, to support一II.1. Being前加It2. Having前加He或His homework finished3. followed her little son改为her little son following her4. His bike wrong改为Something being wrong with his bike 或There being something wrong with his bike5. covering改为covered6. to be stolen改为stolenIII. 1—5 CABCD 6—10 AADCCIV.1. with a new pencil-box in her hand2. It being time for lunch3. her mother sitting beside her with a smile on her face4. that/the bus from Yongkang to come in ten minutes5. (With) The guide leading the way6. With so many books to read7. gun in hand (with a gun in his hand)8. The/His homework done/finished (With his/the homework done/finished)9. Her wallet stolen10. (With) All the lights on二1-5 BCABC 6-10 DAADD 11-15 BCCAC 16-20 DBBBC 21-25 CDABB 26-30 BABAB。
专四考点 独立主格结构
TEM-4
Agriculture is the country's chief source of wealth, wheat _____ by far the biggest cereal crop. A. is B.been C.be D.being There _____ nothing more for discussion, the meeting came to an end half an hour earlier. A.to be B.to have been C.being D.be _____ no cause for alarm, the old man went back to his bedroom. A. There was B.Since C. Being D.There being
形式
名词/主格代词+现在分词 名词/主格代词+过去分词 名词/主格代词+不定式 名词/主格代词+形容词 名词/主格代词+副词 名词/主格代词+介词短语 名词/主格代词+名词 特殊结构独立主格 with复合结构的独立主格形式
名词/主格代词+现在分词
现在分词表示前面的名词或代词主动进行的 动作或状态等。 The girl staring at him , he didn‘t know what to say. 那个女孩两眼望着他，他不知道说什么好。
Choose the best from the four choices． 1.Ford tried dividing the labor，each worker a separate task． A．assigning B．assigned C．was assigned D．would be assigned
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例题整理
1. 历年真题
1) The country’s chief exports are coal, cars and cotton goods, cars______ the most important of these. （1994年第57题）
A. have been
B. are
C. being
D. are being
【译文】这个国家的主要出口物有煤、汽车和棉制品, 其中汽车是最重要的一种。
【答案】C
【解析】前半句为主句，且句子已经完整，故先排除选项A、选项B与选项D。
再根据句子分析，独立主格结构相当于条件状语从句，故选C。
2) _____no cause for alarm, the old man went back to his bedroom. (1996年第51题)
A. there was
B. since
C. being
D. there being
【译文】因为没有事情需要警惕，老人回到他的卧室里。
【答案】D
【解析】后半句为主句，且句子已经完整，故先排除选项A。
选项B不合语法规则，故排除。
独立主格结构相当于条件状语从句，表原因。
故选D。
-
3) There___ nothing more for discussion, the meeting came to an end half an hour earlier. （2000年第45题）
A. to be
B. to have been
C. Being
D. be
【译文】由于没有什么可讨论的，会议提早半个小时就结束了。
【答案】C
【解析】后半句为主句，且句子已经完整，故排除选项D；第一部分的意思应该是There being nothing more for discussion= Because there was nothing
more for discussion,独立主格结构相当于原因状语从句。
故选择C。
4) Agriculture is the country’s chief source of wealth, wheat ______ by far the biggest cereal crop. （2003年第51题）
A. is
B. been
C. be
D. being
【译文】农业是这个国家主要的经济来源，到目前为止小麦是最重要的谷类作物。
【答案】D
【解析】根据结构，主句已经完整，故排除选项A与C；选项在句子中作状语，因此需要一个非谓语动词构成独立主格结构，故选项D being正确。
5) Time ______, the celebration will be held as scheduled. （2003年第58题）
A. permit
B. permitting
C. permitted
D. permits
【译文】如果时间允许的话，庆祝活动将会如期举行。
@
【答案】B
【解析】后半句为主句，且已经完整，故排除选项A、选项C与选项D，第一部分的意思应该是Time permitting=If time permits,独立主格结构相当于条
件状语从句。
因此只能选择选项B。
2. 模拟题：
1) All the investigations______ before the deadline, the staff decided to have a party as a celebration.
A. been fulfilled
B. had been fulfilled
C. were fulfilled
D. having been fulfill
【译文】因为所有的调查在最后期限前完成，员工决定举行一个聚会来庆祝。
【答案】D
【解析】后半句为主句，且句子已经完整，故先排除选项B、C。
根据句子分析，调查已经完成，用完成时，独立主格结构相当于原因状语从句。
因此只
能选择选项D。
2) Our picnic______ by the unexpected heavy rain, we went home depressed.
A. was spoiled
B. had been spoiled
C. having spoiled
D. having been spoiled 【译文】我们的野餐被意外的大雨给破坏了,我们只好沮丧地回家了。
【答案】D
：
【解析】后半句为主句，且句子已经完整，故先排除选项A、B。
根据句子分析，野餐被破坏，用被动语态，独立主格结构相当于原因状语从句。
故选D。
3）All flights ____ because of the snowstorm, many passengers could do nothing but take the train.
A. had been cancelled
B. were cancelled
C. have been cancelled
D. having been cancelled
【译文】因为暴风雪，所有航班被取消，许多乘客只好坐火车。
【答案】D
【解析】后半句为主句，且句子已经完整，故先排除选项A、B与C。
根据句子分析，航班是被取消，用被动语态，独立主格结构相当于原因状语从句。
4）When I finish the story, Lenin jumped up from his chair and started pacing the floor, ____, deep in thought.
A. with his head bending
B. in his head bent
C. his head bending
D. his head bent
【译文】我讲完故事后，列宁从椅子上跳了起来，开始在屋里踱来踱去,低着头，陷入沉思。
【答案】D
【解析】his head bent 是独立主格结构，his head 是逻辑主语，bent 是逻辑谓语。
独立结构相当于伴随状态，故选D。
5）The internet will be used to enable customers to shop from the comfort of their homes by simply ordering via the computer screen, payment by direct debit of their credit cards.
A. making it
B. is made
C. being made
D. will be made
#
【译文】人们将使用网络在家里舒舒服服地购物，可以通过电脑屏幕进行订货，所需支付的款项可直接从信用卡扣除。
【答案】C
【解析】前半句为主句，且句子已经完整，故先排除选项B与D。
再根据句子分析，所需的款项被扣除，因采用被动语态，独立主格结构相当于原因状
语从句。
6）The sale usually takes place outside the house, with the audience ______ on benches, chairs or boxes.
A. having seated
B. seating
C. seated
D. having been seated
【译文】这些促销通常在室外发生,有许多观众坐在长凳、椅子或箱子上。
【答案】C
【解析】前半个句为完整的句子，此句为“with+名词+分词”复合结构，seated 为过去分词，故选C。
7）_______, a man who expresses himself effectively is sure to succeed more rapidly than a man whose command of language is poor.
A. Other things being equal
B. To be equal to other things
C. Were other things equal
D. Other things to be equal
【译文】在其他因素不变的情况下,能有效地表达自我的人比表达能力差的人成功得快的多。
【答案】A
^
【解析】选项A为名词+现在分词构成的独立主格结构，逻辑主语为other things, 与主句的主语a man 不同。
选项B、Ｃ与句义不符。
选项Ｄ为名词+不定
式构成的独立主格结构，表将来的动作，与题意不符。
故选A.
8）We left the meeting, there obviously ________ no point in staying.
A. were
B. being
C. to be
D. having
【译文】我们离开了会议,因为显然已经没有呆下去的意义了。
【答案】B
【解析】前半句为主句，且句子已经完整，故先排除选项A。
独立主格结构相当于原因状语从句。
因此选择选项C.。