独立主格结构讲解 PPT
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独立主格结构及其用法 ppt课件
PPT课件
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• With you to lead the way, we are sure to get there on time.
• With so many people communicating in English every day, it will become more and more important to have a good knowledge of English.
• = So many people (being) absent, the
meeting had to be pPuPTt课o件ff till next week.
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• 主格结构和with复合结构的差别,除了多了 一个with外,还有三个不同之处：第一,with 复合结构没有完成时态；第二,with复合结 构中的不定式没有被动语态,第三,如果前面 的名词和宾语中的名词,都是单数形式,那么
状态，原因等。
The floor wet and slippery, we had to stay outside for a while. 5. 名词(或代词)+副词； 副词说明前面名词或代词的状态。
• He sat at the table, head down.
PPT课件
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6. 名词(或代词)+介词短语； 介词短语说明伴随前面名词或代词的方式或者 状态。 Nobody at home, the thief took a lot of things away.
• 如果从句的主语与主句主语一致，则只能变为 分词短语；从句为主动语态时，变为现在分词 短语；若从句为被动语态时，则变为过去分词 短语。试比较：
• After he did the work, he went home.=
独立主格结构PPT课件
I to go to New York, he asked me not.（我 要去纽约，他却要我别去）
2、名词/代词 + doing It being fine, we decided to go for a picnic. There being no bus or taxi, we had to walk home. There being nothing else to do, we left. The problem having been settled, we ended our meeting. The clock having struck 12, I went to bed.
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我们一起来改一下这个句子： After his work had been finished, he went home. His work finished, he went home.
His work having been finished, he went home.
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3、名词/代词 + done His voice drowned by the noise, the speaker interrupted his lecture.
我看见深深的池塘里，水蓝蓝的像天空。
The condition (being) favorable, he may succeed. 条件有利的话，他可能成功。
Summer (being) over, students returned to school. 夏天过去了，学生回到了学校。
All the lights on, our classroom building looks even more beautiful.
2、名词/代词 + doing It being fine, we decided to go for a picnic. There being no bus or taxi, we had to walk home. There being nothing else to do, we left. The problem having been settled, we ended our meeting. The clock having struck 12, I went to bed.
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我们一起来改一下这个句子： After his work had been finished, he went home. His work finished, he went home.
His work having been finished, he went home.
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3、名词/代词 + done His voice drowned by the noise, the speaker interrupted his lecture.
我看见深深的池塘里，水蓝蓝的像天空。
The condition (being) favorable, he may succeed. 条件有利的话，他可能成功。
Summer (being) over, students returned to school. 夏天过去了，学生回到了学校。
All the lights on, our classroom building looks even more beautiful.
独立结构__独立主格结构_ppt
名词+介词短语的独立结构中，逻辑主语与介 词短语中的名词都是单数，这些名词前习惯 上不用冠词
He was standing there, pipe in mouth.
He stood under a tree, hand in pocket
He being very naughty , the teacher often punishes him.
在with/without后的限定词必须全部 保留
He was standing there,பைடு நூலகம்with a pipe in his mouth
独立结构的转换
The river having risen in the night, the crossing was impossible. =As the river had risen in the night,……. Here are the first three novels, the fourth one to come out next month =?
There be句型表示存在
There being nothing else to do , they decided to stay at home . There being no bus , we had to walk home.
独立结构中某些词的删除或添加
The report having been read ,we had a lively discussion. = The report read ,…… Many passengers being absent ,the plane had to be postponed. =Many passengers absent,……
高中英语非谓语动词-独立主格课件(共27张PPT)
papa as her hero.
S（逻辑主语）doing having done 主动关系
S(逻辑主语) done having been done 被动关系
The lecture _______, a lively question-and-answer session followed.
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
A.being given
要求：可以使用连词，请将 句子合并为复合句。
☞ Because it rained yesterday, I stayed at home.
要求：不适用连词，将两个句子 合并为一个句子。
☞ It raining, I stayed at home.
比较三句：
☞ It rain so/and I stayed at home.
不定式在独立主格结构中多表示将来的行为，表示“企图” “约定”等，指的是按计划安排要做的事。
名词/主格代词+形容词
1）这么多人缺席，会议不得不取消。
So many people （being）absent, the meeting had to be called off.
2）那架飞机遭遇了空难，无一人生还。 An air accident happened to the plane, nobody
③ I can’t go out, with a lot of work to do. 我不能出去，因为有很多工作要做。（表示原因）
④ Don’t talk with your mouth full. 不要嘴里含着东 西谈话。（表示方式）
⑤ With the light off, we can’t see anything. 灯灭了，我们什么也看不见。（表示原因）
S（逻辑主语）doing having done 主动关系
S(逻辑主语) done having been done 被动关系
The lecture _______, a lively question-and-answer session followed.
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
A.being given
要求：可以使用连词，请将 句子合并为复合句。
☞ Because it rained yesterday, I stayed at home.
要求：不适用连词，将两个句子 合并为一个句子。
☞ It raining, I stayed at home.
比较三句：
☞ It rain so/and I stayed at home.
不定式在独立主格结构中多表示将来的行为，表示“企图” “约定”等，指的是按计划安排要做的事。
名词/主格代词+形容词
1）这么多人缺席，会议不得不取消。
So many people （being）absent, the meeting had to be called off.
2）那架飞机遭遇了空难，无一人生还。 An air accident happened to the plane, nobody
③ I can’t go out, with a lot of work to do. 我不能出去，因为有很多工作要做。（表示原因）
④ Don’t talk with your mouth full. 不要嘴里含着东 西谈话。（表示方式）
⑤ With the light off, we can’t see anything. 灯灭了，我们什么也看不见。（表示原因）
英语语法--独立主格【优质PPT】
borrow some from his friend. 思考：划线部分改为独立主格结构 →________________，he had no choice but to borrow some from his friend. ③ With him sitting next to her，she felt safe.
2021/10/10
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He fought against the thief, a stick (being) his onl y weapon.
思考：划线部分相当于并列句：
He has translated the whole book into English, an English-Chinese dictionary (being) his tool.
思考：划线部分相当于并列句：
2021/10/10
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2.名词/主格代词+现在分词 （表示主动含 义和/或动作正在进行）
名词/主格代词通常为现在分词所表示的动 作的执行者，与现在分词构成逻辑上的主 谓 关系。
2021/10/10
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① Weather permitting，we are going to visit you tomorrow. 思考：划线部分相当于状语从句：
The work having been finished, he left the
workshop. 思考：划线部分相当于状语从句：
2021/10/10
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4.名词/主格代词+形容词/副词 （表示状态或特征） 形容词/副词常用来说明名词或主格代词的性质
特征及所处状态。在该结构中，形容词或副词 前其实省略了being. ① Everything (being) ready, they started out. 思考：划线部分相当于状语从句：
2021/10/10
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He fought against the thief, a stick (being) his onl y weapon.
思考：划线部分相当于并列句：
He has translated the whole book into English, an English-Chinese dictionary (being) his tool.
思考：划线部分相当于并列句：
2021/10/10
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2.名词/主格代词+现在分词 （表示主动含 义和/或动作正在进行）
名词/主格代词通常为现在分词所表示的动 作的执行者，与现在分词构成逻辑上的主 谓 关系。
2021/10/10
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① Weather permitting，we are going to visit you tomorrow. 思考：划线部分相当于状语从句：
The work having been finished, he left the
workshop. 思考：划线部分相当于状语从句：
2021/10/10
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4.名词/主格代词+形容词/副词 （表示状态或特征） 形容词/副词常用来说明名词或主格代词的性质
特征及所处状态。在该结构中，形容词或副词 前其实省略了being. ① Everything (being) ready, they started out. 思考：划线部分相当于状语从句：
独立主格结构讲解及习题.ppt
There being no bus, we had to go home on foot.因
为没有公共汽车，所以我们不得不步行回家
二、独立主格结构在整句中可作以下成分：
1、原因状语 该结构在句中作原因状语时相当于一个原因状语
从句。如：
1).__A______ no bus, we had to walk home.
found a lot of mistakes.
A.When he was correcting B.When he corrected C.Correcting D.all the above
2.____D____by your teachers, you are supposed to be
modest.
A.carrying
B.he was carrying
C.and carrying D.all the above
2.Father came back, _D______ by a monkey.
3、条件状语 独 立 主 格 结 构 作 条 件 状 语 时 可 以 改 为 由 if 引 导的条件状语从句。如： 1).__D______, we'll go to visit the Great Wall. A.Weather permitting B.If weather permits C.If permitting D.A and B 2.)_D____, the patient will recover himself soon. A.If the treatment is in time B.The treatment in time C.The treatment being in time
《独立主格结构》课件
名词/代词+不定式
例如，He lay on the bed，to rest.
with引导的独立主格结构
with+名词/代词+形容词
例如，With the weather fine，we decided to go out.
பைடு நூலகம்
with+名词/代词+副词
例如，With the children away，they had a peaceful weekend.
《独立主格结构》 PPT课件
目录
CONTENTS
• 独立主格结构的定义 • 独立主格结构的类型 • 独立主格结构在句子中的作用 • 独立主格结构的构成 • 独立主格结构的用法举例 • 独立主格结构与其它结构的辨析
01 独立主格结构的定义
什么是独立主格结构
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独立主格结构是一种语法结构， 它由一个主语和一个谓语组成， 但主语和谓语之间没有连接词。
总结词
副词性独立主格结构是由副词或副词短语构成的，主要在句中作状 语。
详细描述
例如，“The book written by him is mine.”，其中“written by him”就是一个副词性独立主格结构，表示“这本书是他写的”。
03 独立主格结构在句子中的 作用
补充说明
总结词
独立主格结构用于对句子的主句进行补充说明，提供更多的细节或背景信息。
件等。
总结词
名词性独立主格结构是由名词或 名词短语构成的，主要在句中作
状语。
详细描述
例如，“The book in the library is mine.”，其中“in the library”就是一个名词性独 立主格结构，表示“这本书在图
外研英语必修3Module5独立主格结构 (共22张PPT)
with +名词（或代词）+介词短语 15.He walked along with his hat on the back of his head. 16.He simply stared at her with that peculiar expression on his face. 17.He was asleep with his head on his arms. 18.She saw a brook with red flowers and green grass on both sides.
• The wretched boy，who has recently been dragged from the forest to scrub floors in the barracks，is now sweeping away the snow，his hands numb with cold．
• ＝If such is the case，you have no grounds for dismissing him．（如果情况如此 的话，你没有理由解聘他。）
• 3．作原因状语 1）The storm drawing near，the navvy decided to call it a day． ＝Since the storm was drawing near，the navvy decided to call it a day．（由于暴风雨即将来临，那个挖土小工决定收工。）
• 1．作时间状语
• 1）My shoes removed，I entered a lowceilinged room，treading cautiously on the soft tatami matting．
独立主格结构.PPT课件
The students are walking in the school happily,
each wearing a card in front of his chest.
卡。
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3. “名词/代词+过去分词”结构
该结构在句中常作 时间状语、原因状语、方式或伴 随状语、条件状语等。
(T1h)e作时tes间t
D. When goodbye
6. She stood there, _______ from her cheeks.
A. tears' rolling down
(4) 作条件 状语：
More time given, we can finish the work.
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【综合比较三种非谓语动词独立主格结构】
1. 名词或代词+不定式 其中的不定式通常表示尚未发生或即将要发生的动作。 2. 名词或代词+现在分词 其中的现在分词通常表示动作正在进行（或当时正在 进行）或一般情况的状态、动作。
Grammar
独立主格
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【独立主格结构的概念】
独立主格结构是一种特殊的结构，可以理解为一个
在句中做 状语 的短语，用于修饰整个句子。其位置
灵活，可位于句前或句末，常由逗号将其与句子分开。 需特别注意的是，独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用 任何连接词。
独立主格结构主要有两部分构成：逻辑主语和逻辑 谓语。名词或代词 作为逻辑主语 ；现在分词、过去分 词、动词不定式、形容词、副词、或介词短语等作为 逻辑谓语。
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The food being cooked, the boy was watching
TV. 小孩一边做饭，一边看电视。
(最新整理)(完整版)独立主格结构ppt.
A. Time permits
B. If time permitting
C. Time permitting
D. Time's permitting
5. _______, we all went home happily.
A. Goodbye was said
B. Goodbye had been said
3. There are various kinds of metals, each ______ its own
properties (特性).
A. has B. had
C. to have D. having
2021/7/26
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4. _______, I'll go there with you tomorrow afternoon.
因为她姐姐出去了，她只能独自待在家里。
3. with/ without +名词/代词+介词短语
He stood at the door, with a computer in his hand
.
他站在门旁边，手里拿着一台电脑。
The old man, with thick glasses on his nose, is a pianist. 这位带深度眼镜的老人是一位钢琴家。
The little girl entered the room, her face red with cold.
小2021/女7/26 孩走进了房间，她的脸冻红了。
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3. 逻辑主语+副词 School over, we all went home. 放学了，我们都回家了。 （school和over之间省去了being） The music on , I can’t focus my mind on the work. 音乐开着，我不能专心工作。
高考英语语法独立主格结构精讲(共20张PPT)
注: 在表示方式的独立主格结构中，为了使句子 简洁，往往将“逻辑主语 + 介词短语”中的 冠词或代词都省略。
The guard stood by the door, gun in hand.
注意：being在下列两种情况下一般不能省略： 1) “There being + 名词”结构中：
There being no bus, we had to walk home.
his best to prepare the dinner. 谓语动词之后
We redoubled our efforts, each man 主动 working like two. 与谓语动词同时在进行
The last bus having gone, we had to walk
home. 主动
构。
to do…
doing
done
with without
+
O
+
OC
n. adj.
adv.
prep-phrase
With so much work to do, I don’t know if I’ll have time to go out. The girl hid her box without anyone knowing where it was. With his homework finished, he went to see a film. The old man lives alone with the dog his only companion. He stood in the rain, with his clothes wet. With John away, we’ve got more room. Vincent sat at the desk, with a pen in his mouth.
The guard stood by the door, gun in hand.
注意：being在下列两种情况下一般不能省略： 1) “There being + 名词”结构中：
There being no bus, we had to walk home.
his best to prepare the dinner. 谓语动词之后
We redoubled our efforts, each man 主动 working like two. 与谓语动词同时在进行
The last bus having gone, we had to walk
home. 主动
构。
to do…
doing
done
with without
+
O
+
OC
n. adj.
adv.
prep-phrase
With so much work to do, I don’t know if I’ll have time to go out. The girl hid her box without anyone knowing where it was. With his homework finished, he went to see a film. The old man lives alone with the dog his only companion. He stood in the rain, with his clothes wet. With John away, we’ve got more room. Vincent sat at the desk, with a pen in his mouth.
独立结构__独立主格结构_ppt
其他不能省略的情况
1.独立结构位于句尾表示原因： He had to stay where he was ,his leg being broken 比较:His leg (being) broken, he had to stay where he was.
2.在there/such being中 There being no alarm , she went back to her room. 没有什么意外情况，她回到房间 里去了 Such being the case ,there are no grounds to justify your complaints.
不定式可以带自身逻辑主语， 不定式可以带自身逻辑主语，但不是独立主 格结构 It is impossible for me to finish this work. It is unwise of them to turn down the suggestion. Rather than she washes dishes, I prefer to wash them myself
THE END
练习
1_______, I’ll go over all these lessons bef ore the exam. A. If time will permit B. Time permitting C. If time permitted D. Time permits
3．Such _________ the case ，there are no grounds to justify your complaints． A．being B．is C．was D．to be 4．Darkness _________ in，the young people lingered on merrymaking． A．set B．setting C．has set D．was set 5．With all factors_________，we think this program may excel all the others in achieving the goal． A．being considered B．considering C．considered D．are considered
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2). 表方式或伴随
When in trouble, Tom would sit alone, head bent.
3)。 表原因
Thousands of eyes fixed upon her, Mary felt on
edge.
大家好
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=As thousands of eyes were fixed upon her ,…. 4).表条件
注意：
1.)当独立主格中的being done 表示“正在被做 时”，being 此时不可省。
Food being cooked, I fell asleep. 2). 当独立主格结构的逻辑主语是 it , there 时， being 常不省。
It being fine , we can go to the beach .
A. The exercise done B. on the exercises C. Having been done the exercises D. The exercises having finished
大家好
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3._______ , the reward was given to him . • Being honest B. As an honest boy C. He
More time and money given , we can finish the work in advance.( = If more time and money are given,……)
注意： 1. 不定式往往表示没有发生或即将发生 2. 动词-ing 形式表示正在进行的动作或状态 3. 动词-ed 形式表示已大经家好完成和被动的行为 7
There being no time left, we had to speed up.
大家好
2
大多数的独立主格结构可以用“with +宾语+宾语补足语” 来代替。
1）。 He lay there thinking, his hands behind his head.(= with his hands behind his head)
being honest D. He was honest 4._______ ___ no bus , we had to go home by
bus . • Being B. There being C. There was 5 _____ fine , we went out for a picnic . A. Being B. It being C. It was
非谓语动词的独立主格结构：
“名词或代词+ 非谓语动词”结构构成的独立主格结构称 为非谓语动词的独立主格结构。
❖ 不定式构成的独立主格结构（表示还未发生的行为或 状态，在句中做原因状语、条件状语）
❖ Lots of homework to do, I have to stay at home .
大家好
大家好
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1. While walking on the playground , _____.
A. a ball hit me B. my head was hit by a ball C. I was hit by a ball D. he was badly wounded
2. _____ , he went out to play basketball .
1. So many windows to clean, I had to devote the whole afternoon. 将要
2. All the windows cleaned, I had a good rest. 完成、被动
3. The question being discussed , a man came up with a practical solution. 进行
2. 独立主格结构中的being 和 having been
1）。 The football match (being) over , crowds of people poured out into the street.
2).Nobody (being) in, I didn’t enter the hall.
3).All the windows (being) open, the air in the room is fresher.
4).All the tickets(having been) sold out, we had to wait for the next week’s show.
大家好
1
3
动词-ing 形式构成的独立主格结构：
如动词-ing 形式的逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致时， 就要用动词-ing 形式的独立主格结构（在句中常做 时 间状语、原因、条件、方式状语）
1）。表时间
The audience having seated themselves, the concert began.
2).表方式或伴随
The coward was backing , his face being deathly pale, toward another room.
大家好
4
表原因
The guide leading the way, we had no trouble getting out of the forest.
= As the guide led the way,…… 表条件：
Weather permitting, we will go on an outing to the beach now.(= If weather permits…)
Such being the case, you have no grounds for dismissing him.(=If such is the case…)
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5
动词-ed 形式构成的独立主格结构（是由逻辑主语+动词ed形式 构成，常做时间、原因、伴随、条件状语）
1）表时间
The task completed , we had a global traveling.
= The task having been completed …= After the task was completed,…
When in trouble, Tom would sit alone, head bent.
3)。 表原因
Thousands of eyes fixed upon her, Mary felt on
edge.
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=As thousands of eyes were fixed upon her ,…. 4).表条件
注意：
1.)当独立主格中的being done 表示“正在被做 时”，being 此时不可省。
Food being cooked, I fell asleep. 2). 当独立主格结构的逻辑主语是 it , there 时， being 常不省。
It being fine , we can go to the beach .
A. The exercise done B. on the exercises C. Having been done the exercises D. The exercises having finished
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3._______ , the reward was given to him . • Being honest B. As an honest boy C. He
More time and money given , we can finish the work in advance.( = If more time and money are given,……)
注意： 1. 不定式往往表示没有发生或即将发生 2. 动词-ing 形式表示正在进行的动作或状态 3. 动词-ed 形式表示已大经家好完成和被动的行为 7
There being no time left, we had to speed up.
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2
大多数的独立主格结构可以用“with +宾语+宾语补足语” 来代替。
1）。 He lay there thinking, his hands behind his head.(= with his hands behind his head)
being honest D. He was honest 4._______ ___ no bus , we had to go home by
bus . • Being B. There being C. There was 5 _____ fine , we went out for a picnic . A. Being B. It being C. It was
非谓语动词的独立主格结构：
“名词或代词+ 非谓语动词”结构构成的独立主格结构称 为非谓语动词的独立主格结构。
❖ 不定式构成的独立主格结构（表示还未发生的行为或 状态，在句中做原因状语、条件状语）
❖ Lots of homework to do, I have to stay at home .
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1. While walking on the playground , _____.
A. a ball hit me B. my head was hit by a ball C. I was hit by a ball D. he was badly wounded
2. _____ , he went out to play basketball .
1. So many windows to clean, I had to devote the whole afternoon. 将要
2. All the windows cleaned, I had a good rest. 完成、被动
3. The question being discussed , a man came up with a practical solution. 进行
2. 独立主格结构中的being 和 having been
1）。 The football match (being) over , crowds of people poured out into the street.
2).Nobody (being) in, I didn’t enter the hall.
3).All the windows (being) open, the air in the room is fresher.
4).All the tickets(having been) sold out, we had to wait for the next week’s show.
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动词-ing 形式构成的独立主格结构：
如动词-ing 形式的逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致时， 就要用动词-ing 形式的独立主格结构（在句中常做 时 间状语、原因、条件、方式状语）
1）。表时间
The audience having seated themselves, the concert began.
2).表方式或伴随
The coward was backing , his face being deathly pale, toward another room.
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4
表原因
The guide leading the way, we had no trouble getting out of the forest.
= As the guide led the way,…… 表条件：
Weather permitting, we will go on an outing to the beach now.(= If weather permits…)
Such being the case, you have no grounds for dismissing him.(=If such is the case…)
大家好
5
动词-ed 形式构成的独立主格结构（是由逻辑主语+动词ed形式 构成，常做时间、原因、伴随、条件状语）
1）表时间
The task completed , we had a global traveling.
= The task having been completed …= After the task was completed,…