独立主格结构PPT课件
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《独立主格结构》PPT课件
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主格名词/代词 +名词
名词一般做前面名词或代词的同位语。 Many people joined in the work, some of them women and children. 许多人参加了这项工作，其中一些人是妇女和儿童。
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There being +名词
L/O/G/O
Independent Genitive 独立主格结构
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梁歆韵
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独立主格结构
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定义
2
构成
3
特点
4
功能
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习题
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What is independent genitive?
This done, we went home.
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定义
独立主 格结构
than yours. 各方面考虑起来，她的论文比你的论文更要有价值 一些。
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主格名词/代词 + 不定式
• 不定式表示的是将来的动作。 • He suggested going for a picnic, Mary to
provide the food. • These are the first two books, the third one
-首先它不是一个“句子”，做状 语。在英语中任何一个句子都要 有主谓结构，而在这个结构中， 没有真正的主语和谓语动词，但 又在逻辑上构成主谓或主表关系
。
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独立主格结构的特点
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•独立主格结构的逻辑主语与 句子的主语不同，它独立存 在。
精选高中英语语法通用PPT课件：独立主格结构教学课件 (共27张PPT)
Step4: analyze the structure
1.
V-ing
n\pron + V-ed ，
to do
主动
1.Weather__p_e_rm__i_tt_in_g___ (permit), we will go to beach tomorrow
被动
2.The bookw_r_i_tt_e_n__ (write) in simple English, we can understand
Attention two:
1. There b_e_i_n_g___ no bus, we had to walk home. 2. It _b_e_i_n_g__Sunday, all the offices are closed.
Attention three:
Monitor is smiling, a book in her
5. Lunch over, they cleaned the table.
6.They are boating on the river and some beautiful flowers are on the They are boating on the river, some beautiful flowers on the bank
the big wooden horse.
5. After lunch was over, they cleaned the table.
6. They are boating on the river, and some beautiful flowers were on
the bank.
Attention one:
独立主格结构及其用法 ppt课件
PPT课件
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• With you to lead the way, we are sure to get there on time.
• With so many people communicating in English every day, it will become more and more important to have a good knowledge of English.
• = So many people (being) absent, the
meeting had to be pPuPTt课o件ff till next week.
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• 主格结构和with复合结构的差别,除了多了 一个with外,还有三个不同之处：第一,with 复合结构没有完成时态；第二,with复合结 构中的不定式没有被动语态,第三,如果前面 的名词和宾语中的名词,都是单数形式,那么
状态，原因等。
The floor wet and slippery, we had to stay outside for a while. 5. 名词(或代词)+副词； 副词说明前面名词或代词的状态。
• He sat at the table, head down.
PPT课件
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6. 名词(或代词)+介词短语； 介词短语说明伴随前面名词或代词的方式或者 状态。 Nobody at home, the thief took a lot of things away.
• 如果从句的主语与主句主语一致，则只能变为 分词短语；从句为主动语态时，变为现在分词 短语；若从句为被动语态时，则变为过去分词 短语。试比较：
• After he did the work, he went home.=
独立主格结构PPT课件
I to go to New York, he asked me not.（我 要去纽约，他却要我别去）
2、名词/代词 + doing It being fine, we decided to go for a picnic. There being no bus or taxi, we had to walk home. There being nothing else to do, we left. The problem having been settled, we ended our meeting. The clock having struck 12, I went to bed.
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我们一起来改一下这个句子： After his work had been finished, he went home. His work finished, he went home.
His work having been finished, he went home.
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3、名词/代词 + done His voice drowned by the noise, the speaker interrupted his lecture.
我看见深深的池塘里，水蓝蓝的像天空。
The condition (being) favorable, he may succeed. 条件有利的话，他可能成功。
Summer (being) over, students returned to school. 夏天过去了，学生回到了学校。
All the lights on, our classroom building looks even more beautiful.
2、名词/代词 + doing It being fine, we decided to go for a picnic. There being no bus or taxi, we had to walk home. There being nothing else to do, we left. The problem having been settled, we ended our meeting. The clock having struck 12, I went to bed.
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我们一起来改一下这个句子： After his work had been finished, he went home. His work finished, he went home.
His work having been finished, he went home.
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3、名词/代词 + done His voice drowned by the noise, the speaker interrupted his lecture.
我看见深深的池塘里，水蓝蓝的像天空。
The condition (being) favorable, he may succeed. 条件有利的话，他可能成功。
Summer (being) over, students returned to school. 夏天过去了，学生回到了学校。
All the lights on, our classroom building looks even more beautiful.
高中英语独立主格结构(共26张PPT)
当主语与分词形成逻辑动宾关系时， 也就是被动关系时，用过去分词。
e.g. More money given, we should have sent more employees to the mother company to get trained.
2. 在独立主格结构中，如果强调分词 的时间发生在主句动词之前，常用 现在分词完成时态表示。
e.g. He stood there, his hand tied. 也可以用with的复合结构：
e.g. He stood there, with his hand tied.
独立主格结构使用介词的问题： 当介词是in时，其前后的两个名词 均不加任何成分(如物主代词或冠词)， 也不用复数。 e.g. A robber burst into the room, knife in hand.
4. He (being) absent, no business was done.
5.She sat there alone, her face covered with her hands / her hands covering her face.
6.He was reading newspaper, (with) his back against the window.
The snow having stopped, she went out to the zoo.
The clock having struck 12, I went to bed.
The problem having been settled, we ended our meeting.
我们一起来改一下这个句子：
独立主格结构的用法
e.g. More money given, we should have sent more employees to the mother company to get trained.
2. 在独立主格结构中，如果强调分词 的时间发生在主句动词之前，常用 现在分词完成时态表示。
e.g. He stood there, his hand tied. 也可以用with的复合结构：
e.g. He stood there, with his hand tied.
独立主格结构使用介词的问题： 当介词是in时，其前后的两个名词 均不加任何成分(如物主代词或冠词)， 也不用复数。 e.g. A robber burst into the room, knife in hand.
4. He (being) absent, no business was done.
5.She sat there alone, her face covered with her hands / her hands covering her face.
6.He was reading newspaper, (with) his back against the window.
The snow having stopped, she went out to the zoo.
The clock having struck 12, I went to bed.
The problem having been settled, we ended our meeting.
我们一起来改一下这个句子：
独立主格结构的用法
高中英语非谓语动词-独立主格课件(共27张PPT)
papa as her hero.
S（逻辑主语）doing having done 主动关系
S(逻辑主语) done having been done 被动关系
The lecture _______, a lively question-and-answer session followed.
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
A.being given
要求：可以使用连词，请将 句子合并为复合句。
☞ Because it rained yesterday, I stayed at home.
要求：不适用连词，将两个句子 合并为一个句子。
☞ It raining, I stayed at home.
比较三句：
☞ It rain so/and I stayed at home.
不定式在独立主格结构中多表示将来的行为，表示“企图” “约定”等，指的是按计划安排要做的事。
名词/主格代词+形容词
1）这么多人缺席，会议不得不取消。
So many people （being）absent, the meeting had to be called off.
2）那架飞机遭遇了空难，无一人生还。 An air accident happened to the plane, nobody
③ I can’t go out, with a lot of work to do. 我不能出去，因为有很多工作要做。（表示原因）
④ Don’t talk with your mouth full. 不要嘴里含着东 西谈话。（表示方式）
⑤ With the light off, we can’t see anything. 灯灭了，我们什么也看不见。（表示原因）
S（逻辑主语）doing having done 主动关系
S(逻辑主语) done having been done 被动关系
The lecture _______, a lively question-and-answer session followed.
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
A.being given
要求：可以使用连词，请将 句子合并为复合句。
☞ Because it rained yesterday, I stayed at home.
要求：不适用连词，将两个句子 合并为一个句子。
☞ It raining, I stayed at home.
比较三句：
☞ It rain so/and I stayed at home.
不定式在独立主格结构中多表示将来的行为，表示“企图” “约定”等，指的是按计划安排要做的事。
名词/主格代词+形容词
1）这么多人缺席，会议不得不取消。
So many people （being）absent, the meeting had to be called off.
2）那架飞机遭遇了空难，无一人生还。 An air accident happened to the plane, nobody
③ I can’t go out, with a lot of work to do. 我不能出去，因为有很多工作要做。（表示原因）
④ Don’t talk with your mouth full. 不要嘴里含着东 西谈话。（表示方式）
⑤ With the light off, we can’t see anything. 灯灭了，我们什么也看不见。（表示原因）
独立结构__独立主格结构_ppt
其他不能省略的情况
1.独立结构位于句尾表示原因： He had to stay where he was ,his leg being broken 比较:His leg (being) broken, he had to stay where he was.
2.在there/such being中 There being no alarm , she went back to her room. 没有什么意外情况，她回到房间 里去了 Such being the case ,there are no grounds to justify your complaints.
不定式可以带自身逻辑主语， 不定式可以带自身逻辑主语，但不是独立主 格结构 It is impossible for me to finish this work. It is unwise of them to turn down the suggestion. Rather than she washes dishes, I prefer to wash them myself
THE END
练习
1_______, I’ll go over all these lessons bef ore the exam. A. If time will permit B. Time permitting C. If time permitted D. Time permits
3．Such _________ the case ，there are no grounds to justify your complaints． A．being B．is C．was D．to be 4．Darkness _________ in，the young people lingered on merrymaking． A．set B．setting C．has set D．was set 5．With all factors_________，we think this program may excel all the others in achieving the goal． A．being considered B．considering C．considered D．are considered
高二英语独立主格(PPT)5-3
8）with复合结构 它的构成是：“with ＋ 宾语 ＋ 宾语补足语”。宾语由代
词、名词、名词词组充当，宾补由分词、不定式、形容词、副词、
介词短语、名词等充当。主要用于描绘性文字中，其作用相 当于一个状语从句，常用来表示时间、原因、条件、行为 方式或伴随情况等。 1.with+名词(或代词)+现在分词:现在分词和前面的名词或代 词是逻辑上的主谓关系。
独立主格结构可置于பைடு நூலகம்首、句尾，用逗号与主句 隔开。
①指凝结呈花纹的薄薄冰层（多在玻璃窗上）。②把花卉、水草、水果、活鱼等实物用水冻结，形成冰罩的艺术品。②雾凇。 【冰激凌】īī名一种半固体的 冷食，用水、牛奶、鸡蛋、糖、果汁等调和后，一面加冷一面搅拌，使凝结而成。［英ɑ］ 【冰窖】ī名贮藏冰的地窖。 【冰晶】īī名在℃以下时空气中的水 蒸气凝结成的结晶状的微小颗粒。 【冰冷】ī形； ；状态词。①很冷：手脚冻得～｜不要躺在～ 的石板上。②非常冷淡：表情～。 【冰凉】ī形状态词。（物体）很凉：浑身～｜～的酸梅汤。 【冰凌】ī名冰。 【冰溜】ī名冰锥。 【冰轮】ī〈书〉名指月 亮。 【冰排】ī名大块浮冰。 【冰片】ī名中上指龙脑。 【冰品】ī名雪糕、冰棍儿、冰激凌等冷食的统称。 【冰瓶】ī名大口的保温瓶，通常用来盛冰棍儿等 冷食。参看页〖保温瓶〗。 【冰期】īī名①地质历史上气候非常寒冷，陆地被大规模冰川覆盖的时期。②指一次冰期中冰川活动剧烈的时期。 【冰淇淋】ī名 冰激凌。 【冰橇】ī名雪橇。 【冰清玉洁】īī比喻高尚纯洁。也说玉洁冰清。 【冰球】ī名①一种冰上运动，用冰球杆把球打进对方球门得分，分多的为胜。 ②冰球运动使用的球，饼状，用黑色的硬橡胶做成。 【冰人】ī〈书〉名媒人。 【冰山】ī名①积雪和冰长年不化的大山。②浮在海洋中的巨大冰块，是两极 冰川末端断裂，滑落海洋中形成的。③比喻不能长久依赖的靠山。 【冰山一角】īī比喻事物已经显露出来的一小部分：媒体揭露出的问题只是～，实际情况 要严重得多。 【冰上运动】ī体育运动项目的一大类，包括在冰上进行的各种运动，如速度滑冰、花样滑冰、冰球等。 【冰释】ī动像冰一样融化，比喻嫌隙、 怀疑、误会等完全消除：涣然～。 【冰霜】ī〈书〉名①比喻坚贞的节操。②比喻严肃的神情：凛若～。 【冰炭】ī名比喻互相对立的两种事物：～不相容 （比喻两种对立的事物不能并存）。 【冰糖】ī名一种块状的食糖，用白糖加水使溶化成糖汁，经过蒸发，结晶而成。透明或半透明，多为白色。 【冰糖葫 芦】ī?（～儿）名糖葫芦。 【冰天雪地】ī形容冰雪漫天盖地，非常寒冷。 【冰坨】ī名水或含水的东西冻结成的硬块。 【冰箱】ī名①冷藏食物或品用的器具， 里面放冰块，保持低温。②电冰箱的简称。 【冰消瓦解】ī比喻完全消释或崩溃。 【冰鞋】ī名滑冰时穿的鞋，皮制，鞋底上装着冰刀。 【冰镇】ī动把食物或 饮料和冰等放在一起使凉：～西瓜｜这汽水是～过的。 【冰柱】ī名冰锥。 【冰砖】ī名一种冷食，把
英语语法--独立主格【优质PPT】
borrow some from his friend. 思考：划线部分改为独立主格结构 →________________，he had no choice but to borrow some from his friend. ③ With him sitting next to her，she felt safe.
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He fought against the thief, a stick (being) his onl y weapon.
思考：划线部分相当于并列句：
He has translated the whole book into English, an English-Chinese dictionary (being) his tool.
思考：划线部分相当于并列句：
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2.名词/主格代词+现在分词 （表示主动含 义和/或动作正在进行）
名词/主格代词通常为现在分词所表示的动 作的执行者，与现在分词构成逻辑上的主 谓 关系。
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① Weather permitting，we are going to visit you tomorrow. 思考：划线部分相当于状语从句：
The work having been finished, he left the
workshop. 思考：划线部分相当于状语从句：
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4.名词/主格代词+形容词/副词 （表示状态或特征） 形容词/副词常用来说明名词或主格代词的性质
特征及所处状态。在该结构中，形容词或副词 前其实省略了being. ① Everything (being) ready, they started out. 思考：划线部分相当于状语从句：
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He fought against the thief, a stick (being) his onl y weapon.
思考：划线部分相当于并列句：
He has translated the whole book into English, an English-Chinese dictionary (being) his tool.
思考：划线部分相当于并列句：
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2.名词/主格代词+现在分词 （表示主动含 义和/或动作正在进行）
名词/主格代词通常为现在分词所表示的动 作的执行者，与现在分词构成逻辑上的主 谓 关系。
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① Weather permitting，we are going to visit you tomorrow. 思考：划线部分相当于状语从句：
The work having been finished, he left the
workshop. 思考：划线部分相当于状语从句：
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4.名词/主格代词+形容词/副词 （表示状态或特征） 形容词/副词常用来说明名词或主格代词的性质
特征及所处状态。在该结构中，形容词或副词 前其实省略了being. ① Everything (being) ready, they started out. 思考：划线部分相当于状语从句：
高二英语独立主格(PPT)3-3
She had to walk home with her bike stolen.（原因状语）
没有颜色，呈透明状。根据玉米籽粒的颜色不同，玉米有黄玉米、白玉米和混合玉米三种。根据玉米籽粒形态、硬度及不同用途，玉米分为普通玉米（硬粒
型、中间型、马齿型、硬偏马型、马偏硬型）和特种玉米（高赖氨酸玉米、高油玉米、甜玉米、爆裂玉米、糯玉米）两种。玉米形状和大小因品种不同有所 不同，一般玉米长8-mm，宽-mm，厚-mm，如果玉米颗粒之间差异太大，会使玉米在加工过程中难以清洗和破碎。 [] 分布范围 我国各地均有栽培。全世界 热带和温带地区广泛种植，为一重要谷物。 [] 品种类型 玉米的品种类型很多，按用途分，有粮用饲用品种、菜用品种（包括糯质型、甜质型、玉米笋型）、 加工品种（甜玉米、玉米笋）、爆粒型品种（爆米花专用品种）等。 [] 种植技术 以夏玉米为例，推行“一增四改”技术：根据品种要求合理增加种植密度； 改用耐密型品种进行种植；改用免耕精量直播技术，直播玉米密度适宜、群体整齐度好；改粗放用肥为测土配方施肥；改人工种植为玉米机械化作业。 [] 选 用优良品种 精选优质良种，一般选用具有高产潜力、耐密紧凑、大穗型的中晚熟品种
Eg:With prices going up so fast, we can‘t afford luxuries. （原因状语）
With the crowds cheering, they drove to the palace.（伴随情 况） 2.with+名词(或代词)+过去分词:过去分词和前面的名词或代 词是逻辑上的动宾关系。 Eg:Her work done ，she sat down for a cup of tea．表时间
一、独立主格结构含义
独立主格结构，又叫独立结构（absolute construction）。它在句法上游离于句子主体之外， 跟主句没有任何句法联系；但在意义上却与主句 紧密联系在一起，共同构成一个完整的语义环境。 独立主格结构没有主语和谓语，只有逻辑上的主 语，因此，它在句法上不是句子，而是一个独立 于句子成分之外的独特结构形式。
没有颜色，呈透明状。根据玉米籽粒的颜色不同，玉米有黄玉米、白玉米和混合玉米三种。根据玉米籽粒形态、硬度及不同用途，玉米分为普通玉米（硬粒
型、中间型、马齿型、硬偏马型、马偏硬型）和特种玉米（高赖氨酸玉米、高油玉米、甜玉米、爆裂玉米、糯玉米）两种。玉米形状和大小因品种不同有所 不同，一般玉米长8-mm，宽-mm，厚-mm，如果玉米颗粒之间差异太大，会使玉米在加工过程中难以清洗和破碎。 [] 分布范围 我国各地均有栽培。全世界 热带和温带地区广泛种植，为一重要谷物。 [] 品种类型 玉米的品种类型很多，按用途分，有粮用饲用品种、菜用品种（包括糯质型、甜质型、玉米笋型）、 加工品种（甜玉米、玉米笋）、爆粒型品种（爆米花专用品种）等。 [] 种植技术 以夏玉米为例，推行“一增四改”技术：根据品种要求合理增加种植密度； 改用耐密型品种进行种植；改用免耕精量直播技术，直播玉米密度适宜、群体整齐度好；改粗放用肥为测土配方施肥；改人工种植为玉米机械化作业。 [] 选 用优良品种 精选优质良种，一般选用具有高产潜力、耐密紧凑、大穗型的中晚熟品种
Eg:With prices going up so fast, we can‘t afford luxuries. （原因状语）
With the crowds cheering, they drove to the palace.（伴随情 况） 2.with+名词(或代词)+过去分词:过去分词和前面的名词或代 词是逻辑上的动宾关系。 Eg:Her work done ，she sat down for a cup of tea．表时间
一、独立主格结构含义
独立主格结构，又叫独立结构（absolute construction）。它在句法上游离于句子主体之外， 跟主句没有任何句法联系；但在意义上却与主句 紧密联系在一起，共同构成一个完整的语义环境。 独立主格结构没有主语和谓语，只有逻辑上的主 语，因此，它在句法上不是句子，而是一个独立 于句子成分之外的独特结构形式。
《独立主格结构》课件
名词/代词+不定式
例如，He lay on the bed，to rest.
with引导的独立主格结构
with+名词/代词+形容词
例如，With the weather fine，we decided to go out.
பைடு நூலகம்
with+名词/代词+副词
例如，With the children away，they had a peaceful weekend.
《独立主格结构》 PPT课件
目录
CONTENTS
• 独立主格结构的定义 • 独立主格结构的类型 • 独立主格结构在句子中的作用 • 独立主格结构的构成 • 独立主格结构的用法举例 • 独立主格结构与其它结构的辨析
01 独立主格结构的定义
什么是独立主格结构
01
独立主格结构是一种语法结构， 它由一个主语和一个谓语组成， 但主语和谓语之间没有连接词。
总结词
副词性独立主格结构是由副词或副词短语构成的，主要在句中作状 语。
详细描述
例如，“The book written by him is mine.”，其中“written by him”就是一个副词性独立主格结构，表示“这本书是他写的”。
03 独立主格结构在句子中的 作用
补充说明
总结词
独立主格结构用于对句子的主句进行补充说明，提供更多的细节或背景信息。
件等。
总结词
名词性独立主格结构是由名词或 名词短语构成的，主要在句中作
状语。
详细描述
例如，“The book in the library is mine.”，其中“in the library”就是一个名词性独 立主格结构，表示“这本书在图
独立主格结构.PPT课件
The students are walking in the school happily,
each wearing a card in front of his chest.
卡。
6
3. “名词/代词+过去分词”结构
该结构在句中常作 时间状语、原因状语、方式或伴 随状语、条件状语等。
(T1h)e作时tes间t
D. When goodbye
6. She stood there, _______ from her cheeks.
A. tears' rolling down
(4) 作条件 状语：
More time given, we can finish the work.
8
【综合比较三种非谓语动词独立主格结构】
1. 名词或代词+不定式 其中的不定式通常表示尚未发生或即将要发生的动作。 2. 名词或代词+现在分词 其中的现在分词通常表示动作正在进行（或当时正在 进行）或一般情况的状态、动作。
Grammar
独立主格
1
【独立主格结构的概念】
独立主格结构是一种特殊的结构，可以理解为一个
在句中做 状语 的短语，用于修饰整个句子。其位置
灵活，可位于句前或句末，常由逗号将其与句子分开。 需特别注意的是，独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用 任何连接词。
独立主格结构主要有两部分构成：逻辑主语和逻辑 谓语。名词或代词 作为逻辑主语 ；现在分词、过去分 词、动词不定式、形容词、副词、或介词短语等作为 逻辑谓语。
10
The food being cooked, the boy was watching
TV. 小孩一边做饭，一边看电视。
高考英语语法独立主格结构精讲(共20张PPT)
注: 在表示方式的独立主格结构中，为了使句子 简洁，往往将“逻辑主语 + 介词短语”中的 冠词或代词都省略。
The guard stood by the door, gun in hand.
注意：being在下列两种情况下一般不能省略： 1) “There being + 名词”结构中：
There being no bus, we had to walk home.
his best to prepare the dinner. 谓语动词之后
We redoubled our efforts, each man 主动 working like two. 与谓语动词同时在进行
The last bus having gone, we had to walk
home. 主动
构。
to do…
doing
done
with without
+
O
+
OC
n. adj.
adv.
prep-phrase
With so much work to do, I don’t know if I’ll have time to go out. The girl hid her box without anyone knowing where it was. With his homework finished, he went to see a film. The old man lives alone with the dog his only companion. He stood in the rain, with his clothes wet. With John away, we’ve got more room. Vincent sat at the desk, with a pen in his mouth.
The guard stood by the door, gun in hand.
注意：being在下列两种情况下一般不能省略： 1) “There being + 名词”结构中：
There being no bus, we had to walk home.
his best to prepare the dinner. 谓语动词之后
We redoubled our efforts, each man 主动 working like two. 与谓语动词同时在进行
The last bus having gone, we had to walk
home. 主动
构。
to do…
doing
done
with without
+
O
+
OC
n. adj.
adv.
prep-phrase
With so much work to do, I don’t know if I’ll have time to go out. The girl hid her box without anyone knowing where it was. With his homework finished, he went to see a film. The old man lives alone with the dog his only companion. He stood in the rain, with his clothes wet. With John away, we’ve got more room. Vincent sat at the desk, with a pen in his mouth.
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rested upon his left forearm.
O 2.The coward was backing ，his face being deathly
pale，toward another room． 那个胆小鬼向另一个房间退去，脸色煞白。
O The coward was backing toward another room ．His
名词/主格代词+形容词
An air accident happened to the plane, nobody alive. 那架飞机遭遇了空难，无一人生还。
名词/主格代词+副词
The meeting over, they all went home. 会议一结束，
他们就都回家了
名词/主格代词+介词短语
A. finishing
√B. finished
C. had finished NhomakorabeaD. were finished
解析：选B。此处考查独立主格结构。如选D项，their lessons前应 加连词，所以D项不对；又由于their lessons与finish之间为动宾 （被动）关系，所以A、C两项不对，选B属于独立主格结构。
Palace．做条件状语
4.There being no bus, I have to walk home.
做原因状语
Structure
名词/主格代词与现在分词之间是主谓关系
The girl staring at him (= As the girl stared at him), he didn’t know what to say. 姑娘两眼望着他，他不知道说 什么好。
The boy went to the classroom, book in hand. 那男孩手
里拿着书去教室。
with a book in his hand
2.The meeting ______over, we all left the room
and drove home.（上海）
A. is
√ B. to be C. being D. would be
3.There _______no bus, we had to walk home.
√A. being B. to be C. was D. been
face was deathly pale.
The work done ,we went home.用作时间状语 工作完成后，我们就回家了。
After the work had been done, we went home.
Weather permitting , they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow. 用作条件状语
如果天气允许的话，他们将在明天组织一次海 滨小游。
If weather permits, they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow.
There being no taxis, we had to walk. 没有出租车，我们只好步行。
用作原因状语
名词/主格代词与过去分词之间是动宾关系。
The problems solved (= As the problems were solved), the quality has been improved. 随着问题的解决，质量已 经提高了。
名词/主格代词与不定式之间是将来的或具体的动作。
They said good-bye to each other, one to go home, the other to go to the bookstore. 他们道别后，一个回了家， 一个去了书店。
聪明一世，糊涂一时。
3. No man is content .
人心不足蛇吞象。
4. No news is good news.
没有消息就是好消息。
1.The children went home from the grammar
school, their lessons ______ for the day.(07重庆）
He was lying on the grass, his hands crossed under his head.他躺在草地上，两手交叉枕在脑后。
用作伴随状语
We redoubled our efforts, each man
working like two. 我们加倍努力，一个人干
两个人的活。
表示补充说明
Conclusion
独立主格结构的功能
功能：独立主格结构主要用于描绘性文字中，
多用于书面语，其作用相当于一个状语从句或 并列句，常用来表示谓语动词的时间、原因、
条件、行为方式或伴随情况等。在口语和非正
式文体中，一般用从句或两个句子来代替。
Attention!!
独立主格结构
1. 表示时间、条件或原因时，相当于一个状语 从句，一般放在句首；
2. 表伴随状况或补充说明时，相当于一个并列 句，通常放于句末;
1.The meeting over，we left the room．
做原因状语 /做时间状语
2.He returned home，his face pale．
做伴随状语
3.Time permitting，we’ll visit the Summer
独立主格结构
Nominative Absolute Structure
1. No man can do two things at once.
一心不可二用 。
A man cannot spin and reel at the same time. 2. No man is wise at all time.
O 1.He lay at full length upon his stomach ，his head
resting upon his left forearm． 他的脊背朝天，四肢伸展，头枕着左臂，直挺挺地趴伏着。
O He lay at full length upon his stomach . His head
O 2.The coward was backing ，his face being deathly
pale，toward another room． 那个胆小鬼向另一个房间退去，脸色煞白。
O The coward was backing toward another room ．His
名词/主格代词+形容词
An air accident happened to the plane, nobody alive. 那架飞机遭遇了空难，无一人生还。
名词/主格代词+副词
The meeting over, they all went home. 会议一结束，
他们就都回家了
名词/主格代词+介词短语
A. finishing
√B. finished
C. had finished NhomakorabeaD. were finished
解析：选B。此处考查独立主格结构。如选D项，their lessons前应 加连词，所以D项不对；又由于their lessons与finish之间为动宾 （被动）关系，所以A、C两项不对，选B属于独立主格结构。
Palace．做条件状语
4.There being no bus, I have to walk home.
做原因状语
Structure
名词/主格代词与现在分词之间是主谓关系
The girl staring at him (= As the girl stared at him), he didn’t know what to say. 姑娘两眼望着他，他不知道说 什么好。
The boy went to the classroom, book in hand. 那男孩手
里拿着书去教室。
with a book in his hand
2.The meeting ______over, we all left the room
and drove home.（上海）
A. is
√ B. to be C. being D. would be
3.There _______no bus, we had to walk home.
√A. being B. to be C. was D. been
face was deathly pale.
The work done ,we went home.用作时间状语 工作完成后，我们就回家了。
After the work had been done, we went home.
Weather permitting , they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow. 用作条件状语
如果天气允许的话，他们将在明天组织一次海 滨小游。
If weather permits, they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow.
There being no taxis, we had to walk. 没有出租车，我们只好步行。
用作原因状语
名词/主格代词与过去分词之间是动宾关系。
The problems solved (= As the problems were solved), the quality has been improved. 随着问题的解决，质量已 经提高了。
名词/主格代词与不定式之间是将来的或具体的动作。
They said good-bye to each other, one to go home, the other to go to the bookstore. 他们道别后，一个回了家， 一个去了书店。
聪明一世，糊涂一时。
3. No man is content .
人心不足蛇吞象。
4. No news is good news.
没有消息就是好消息。
1.The children went home from the grammar
school, their lessons ______ for the day.(07重庆）
He was lying on the grass, his hands crossed under his head.他躺在草地上，两手交叉枕在脑后。
用作伴随状语
We redoubled our efforts, each man
working like two. 我们加倍努力，一个人干
两个人的活。
表示补充说明
Conclusion
独立主格结构的功能
功能：独立主格结构主要用于描绘性文字中，
多用于书面语，其作用相当于一个状语从句或 并列句，常用来表示谓语动词的时间、原因、
条件、行为方式或伴随情况等。在口语和非正
式文体中，一般用从句或两个句子来代替。
Attention!!
独立主格结构
1. 表示时间、条件或原因时，相当于一个状语 从句，一般放在句首；
2. 表伴随状况或补充说明时，相当于一个并列 句，通常放于句末;
1.The meeting over，we left the room．
做原因状语 /做时间状语
2.He returned home，his face pale．
做伴随状语
3.Time permitting，we’ll visit the Summer
独立主格结构
Nominative Absolute Structure
1. No man can do two things at once.
一心不可二用 。
A man cannot spin and reel at the same time. 2. No man is wise at all time.
O 1.He lay at full length upon his stomach ，his head
resting upon his left forearm． 他的脊背朝天，四肢伸展，头枕着左臂，直挺挺地趴伏着。
O He lay at full length upon his stomach . His head