独立主格结构ppt.

3. 名词或代词+过去分词 其中的过去分词通常表示被动意义或完成意义。
The manager looks worried，many things to settle.
The manager looks relaxed, many things settled.
The food being cooked, the boy was watching TV. 小孩一边做饭，一边看电视。
The food cooked, the boy went to bed. 饭做好了，小孩去睡了。
1. Darkness ______ in, the young people strolled on the
streets.
A. set B. setting
C. has set
D. was set
Grammar
独立主格
【独立主格结构的概念】
状语
独立主格结构是一种特殊的结构，可以理解为一个在句中做 的短语，用于
修饰整个句子。其位置灵活，可位于句前或句末，常由逗号将其与句子分开。需特 别注意的是，独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。
独立主格结构主要有两部分构成：逻辑主语和逻辑谓语。
作为逻辑主
•No one to wake me up, I might be late for the first class. •They said good-bye to each other, one to go home,
the other to go to the bookstore.
2. “名词/代词+现在分词”结构 该结构在句中常作时间状语、原因状语、条件状语、方式或伴随状语等。
C. Goodbye said
(2) 作 原状因语： Thousands of eyes fixed upon him, Nick felt on edge.
方式或伴随
(3) 作
状语：
When in trouble, Sam would sit alone, head bend.
条件 (4) 作 状语：
More time given, we can finish the work.
2. A new technique ______, the production increased by 20
percent.
A. to have been worked out B. having worked out
C. working out
D. having been worked out
The students are walking in the school happily, each
wearing a card in front of his chest.
卡。
3. “名词/代词+过去分词”结构 该结构在句中常作 时间状语、原因状语、方式或伴随状语、条件状语等。
时间 (1) 作 状语： The test finished, we’ll have our summer vocation.
时间 (1) 作 状语： Everyone having sat down, the teacher began his class. (相当于时间状语从句: When everyone had sat down)
原因 (2) 作 状语： The boy leading the way, we had no trouble getting out of the forest. (相当于原因状语从句: Because the boy led the way)
【综合比较三种非谓语动词独立主格结构】
1. 名词或代词+不定式 其中的不定式通常表示尚未发生或即将要发生的动作。
2. 名词或代词+现在分词 其中的现在分词通常表示动作正在进行（或当时正在进行）或一般情况的状态、动 作。
Their room was on the third floor, it’s window overlooking the sports ground. 他们的房间在 三层楼上，窗户俯视着操场。
3. There are various kinds of metals, each ______ its own
properties (特性).
A. has B. had C. to have
D. having
4. _______, I'll go there with you tomorrow afternoon.
A. Time permits
B. If time permitting
C. Time permitting
D. Ti____, we all went home happily.
A. Goodbye was said
B. Goodbye had been said
2. 逻辑主语+(being)+表语(名词、形容词、副词、介词短 语)
3. with/without + 复合宾语 （不定式、现在分词、过去 分词、形容词、副词、介词短语）
(一)非谓语动词独立主格结构
1. “名词/代词+不定式”结构 由不定式构成的独立主格结构往往表示还未发生的动作 或状态。
•His friends to come tonight, he is busy preparing the dinner.
条件 (3) 作 状语： My health allowing, I will work far into the night.
（相当于条件状语从句：If my health allows）
方式或伴随
(4) 作
状语：
We redoubled our efforts, each man working like two.
语 ；现在分词、过去分词、动词不定式、形容词、副词、或介词短语等作为逻辑谓
语。 名词或代词
独立主格结构具有两个特点： 1. 独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独
立存在。 2. 独立主格结构一般用逗号与句子分开。
独立主格结构有三种类型：
1. 逻辑主语+非谓语动词（不定式、现在分词、过去分词）