独立主格结构讲解

1 如果天气许可,我们就去参观长城。 Weather permitting , we’ll go to visit the Great Wall. 2 他开着窗睡着了。 He fell asleep with the window open. 3 所有的书都卖光了,他们只好回家。
All the tickets having been sold out , he had to go home
原因
2. The signal given, the train started. 时间 3. The children were making a snowman, hands red with cold. 伴随 4. He sat in the chair, book in hand and pipe in mouth.
Hearing the exciting news , everybody was excited. Having been there many times , he is quite familiar with the place. The policeman entered the dark room , gun in hand.
The coward was backing , his face being deathly pale, toward another room.
表原因
The guide leading the way, we had no trouble getting out of the forest.
= As the guide led the way,…… 表条件：
Weather permitting, we will go on an outing to the beach now.(= If weather permits…) Such being the case, you have no grounds for dismissing him.(=If such is the case…)
The question being discussed a man came up with a _______________________, practical solution.(正讨论这个问题时)
大多数的独立主格结构可以用“with +宾语+宾语补足语” 来代替。
1） He lay there, his hands behind his head.(= with his hands behind his head)
V-ing 形式
非 谓 语 动 词
不定式
过去分词
1.非谓语中的主语和主句中的主语是一致的：
2.但是独立主格却和主句主语不一样,因此是独立的主 格. eg: The woman look around the shop , keeping an eye on her baby. Spring coming, the flowers are coming out.
2. _____ , he went out to play basketball . A. The exercise done B. on the exercises C. Having been done the exercises D. The exercises having finished
3).All the windows (being) open, the air in the room is fresher.
4).All the tickets(having been) sold out, we had to wait for the next week’s show.
注意：
注意：
1. 不定式往往表示没有发生或即将发生
2. 动词-ing 形式表示正在进行的动作或状态
3. 动词-ed 形式表示已经完成和被动的行为
1. So many windows to clean, I had to devote the whole afternoon. 将要 2. All the windows cleaned, I had a good rest. 完成、被动 3. The question being discussed , a man came up with a practical solution. 进行
2.动词-ing 形式构成的独立主格结构： 如动词-ing 形式的逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致时， 就要用动词-ing 形式的独立主格结构（在句中常做 时 间状语、原因、条件、方式状语） 1)表时间
The audience having seated themselves, the concert began. 2)表方式或伴随
独立主格结构：
形式：n\pron + 其他成分（doing\done \to do \n. \adj.\adv\介词短语）
在语法上是一个独立的短语，不是句子，在意思上依附 于整个句子，相当于状语，表示时间、原因、条件、 或伴随等情况。
1. It being Sunday, they had no classes.
独立主格结构中的being 和 having been常省略
1）。 The football match (being) over , crowds of people poured out into the street. 2).Nobody (being) in, I didn’t enter the hall.
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2)表方式或伴随
When in trouble, Tom would sit alone, head bent.
3) 表原因
Thousands of eyes fixed upon her, Mary felt on edge.
4).表条件 More time and money given , we can finish the work in advance. ( = If more time and money are given,……)
4 房子里有两个房间,小的那个当书房
There are two rooms in the house , the smaller of them serving as a study room. 5 昨天晚上那里起火了,有几个人丧生,大多数 逃离了火海 A fire broke out last night , a few men killed , most being able to escape from the fire
伴随
n. \ pron . + doing/ to do/ done
___________________( 因为他很诚实), we like him. He being honest
____________________, All the windows cleaned I had a good rest.(所有的 窗子都擦完了)
非谓语动词的独立主格结构：
“名词或代词+ 非谓语动词”结构构成的独立主格结构称 为非谓语动词的独立主格结构。
1. 不定式构成的独立主格结构（表示还未发生的行为或状 态，在句中做原因状语、条件状语）
Lots of homework to be done, I have to stay at home .
3.动词-ed 形式构成的独立主格结构（是由逻辑主语+动词 -ed形式 构成，常做时间、原因、伴随、条件状语） 1)表时间
The task completed , we had a global traveling. = The task having been completed …= After the task was completed,…
1.)当独立主格中的being done 表示“正在被做 时”，being 此时不可省。 Food being cooked, I fell asleep.
2). 当独立主格结构的逻辑主语是 it , there 时， being 常不省。 It being fine , we can go to the beach .
3._______ , the reward was given to him .
A. Being honest B. As an honest boy C. He being honest D. He was honest
4._______ ___ no bus , we had to go home by bus . A. Being B. There being C. There was 5 _____ fine , we went out for a picnic . A. Being B. It being C. It was
There being no time left, we had to speed up.
1. While walking on the playground , _____.
A. a ball hit me B. my head was hit by a ball C. I was hit by a ball D. he was badly wounded