独立主格结构PPT课件
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高中英语独立主格结构(共25张PPT)
独立主格结构 常见类型及其用法
一、独立主格结构的构成形式 1、逻辑主语+V-ing
两个分句间如没连词，从句的谓语要 作相应改变。如：
1) ___A_____no bus, we had to walk home. A. There being B. Being C. Having been D. There was
C. Weather permitting D. Permitting 答案C. =If time permits, …
2._____B____, he finished playing the game
of chess.
A. His eyes closing B. With his eyes closed
3、逻辑主语+形容词（副词） 省去连词后的“主—系—表”结构：
1)____B___, the patient can leave the hospital. A. Better conditions B. Conditions better C. Conditions are better D. Being better conditions
A. Being Sunday B. Sunday OK
C. Sunday is OK D. If Sunday OK
4.___D___, we’d like to go outing.
A. If Sunday is OK B. Sunday being OK
C. Sunday OK
D. A, B and C
D. all the above． 还可以：“…with a dog following him.” (不简明）
更多练习 1.省略连词后，主动的谓语变成-ing形式； 2.省略连词后，被动句的谓语变成-ed形式。 3.两句的主语相同，不是独立主格结构。
一、独立主格结构的构成形式 1、逻辑主语+V-ing
两个分句间如没连词，从句的谓语要 作相应改变。如：
1) ___A_____no bus, we had to walk home. A. There being B. Being C. Having been D. There was
C. Weather permitting D. Permitting 答案C. =If time permits, …
2._____B____, he finished playing the game
of chess.
A. His eyes closing B. With his eyes closed
3、逻辑主语+形容词（副词） 省去连词后的“主—系—表”结构：
1)____B___, the patient can leave the hospital. A. Better conditions B. Conditions better C. Conditions are better D. Being better conditions
A. Being Sunday B. Sunday OK
C. Sunday is OK D. If Sunday OK
4.___D___, we’d like to go outing.
A. If Sunday is OK B. Sunday being OK
C. Sunday OK
D. A, B and C
D. all the above． 还可以：“…with a dog following him.” (不简明）
更多练习 1.省略连词后，主动的谓语变成-ing形式； 2.省略连词后，被动句的谓语变成-ed形式。 3.两句的主语相同，不是独立主格结构。
《独立主格结构》PPT课件
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主格名词/代词 +名词
名词一般做前面名词或代词的同位语。 Many people joined in the work, some of them women and children. 许多人参加了这项工作，其中一些人是妇女和儿童。
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There being +名词
L/O/G/O
Independent Genitive 独立主格结构
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梁歆韵
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独立主格结构
1
定义
2
构成
3
特点
4
功能
5
习题
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What is independent genitive?
This done, we went home.
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定义
独立主 格结构
than yours. 各方面考虑起来，她的论文比你的论文更要有价值 一些。
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主格名词/代词 + 不定式
• 不定式表示的是将来的动作。 • He suggested going for a picnic, Mary to
provide the food. • These are the first two books, the third one
-首先它不是一个“句子”，做状 语。在英语中任何一个句子都要 有主谓结构，而在这个结构中， 没有真正的主语和谓语动词，但 又在逻辑上构成主谓或主表关系
。
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独立主格结构的特点
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•独立主格结构的逻辑主语与 句子的主语不同，它独立存 在。
独立主格结构及其用法 ppt课件
PPT课件
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• With you to lead the way, we are sure to get there on time.
• With so many people communicating in English every day, it will become more and more important to have a good knowledge of English.
• = So many people (being) absent, the
meeting had to be pPuPTt课o件ff till next week.
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• 主格结构和with复合结构的差别,除了多了 一个with外,还有三个不同之处：第一,with 复合结构没有完成时态；第二,with复合结 构中的不定式没有被动语态,第三,如果前面 的名词和宾语中的名词,都是单数形式,那么
状态，原因等。
The floor wet and slippery, we had to stay outside for a while. 5. 名词(或代词)+副词； 副词说明前面名词或代词的状态。
• He sat at the table, head down.
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6. 名词(或代词)+介词短语； 介词短语说明伴随前面名词或代词的方式或者 状态。 Nobody at home, the thief took a lot of things away.
• 如果从句的主语与主句主语一致，则只能变为 分词短语；从句为主动语态时，变为现在分词 短语；若从句为被动语态时，则变为过去分词 短语。试比较：
• After he did the work, he went home.=
高中英语独立主格结构(共26张PPT)
当主语与分词形成逻辑动宾关系时， 也就是被动关系时，用过去分词。
e.g. More money given, we should have sent more employees to the mother company to get trained.
2. 在独立主格结构中，如果强调分词 的时间发生在主句动词之前，常用 现在分词完成时态表示。
e.g. He stood there, his hand tied. 也可以用with的复合结构：
e.g. He stood there, with his hand tied.
独立主格结构使用介词的问题： 当介词是in时，其前后的两个名词 均不加任何成分(如物主代词或冠词)， 也不用复数。 e.g. A robber burst into the room, knife in hand.
4. He (being) absent, no business was done.
5.She sat there alone, her face covered with her hands / her hands covering her face.
6.He was reading newspaper, (with) his back against the window.
The snow having stopped, she went out to the zoo.
The clock having struck 12, I went to bed.
The problem having been settled, we ended our meeting.
我们一起来改一下这个句子：
独立主格结构的用法
e.g. More money given, we should have sent more employees to the mother company to get trained.
2. 在独立主格结构中，如果强调分词 的时间发生在主句动词之前，常用 现在分词完成时态表示。
e.g. He stood there, his hand tied. 也可以用with的复合结构：
e.g. He stood there, with his hand tied.
独立主格结构使用介词的问题： 当介词是in时，其前后的两个名词 均不加任何成分(如物主代词或冠词)， 也不用复数。 e.g. A robber burst into the room, knife in hand.
4. He (being) absent, no business was done.
5.She sat there alone, her face covered with her hands / her hands covering her face.
6.He was reading newspaper, (with) his back against the window.
The snow having stopped, she went out to the zoo.
The clock having struck 12, I went to bed.
The problem having been settled, we ended our meeting.
我们一起来改一下这个句子：
独立主格结构的用法
高中英语非谓语动词-独立主格课件(共27张PPT)
papa as her hero.
S（逻辑主语）doing having done 主动关系
S(逻辑主语) done having been done 被动关系
The lecture _______, a lively question-and-answer session followed.
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
A.being given
要求：可以使用连词，请将 句子合并为复合句。
☞ Because it rained yesterday, I stayed at home.
要求：不适用连词，将两个句子 合并为一个句子。
☞ It raining, I stayed at home.
比较三句：
☞ It rain so/and I stayed at home.
不定式在独立主格结构中多表示将来的行为，表示“企图” “约定”等，指的是按计划安排要做的事。
名词/主格代词+形容词
1）这么多人缺席，会议不得不取消。
So many people （being）absent, the meeting had to be called off.
2）那架飞机遭遇了空难，无一人生还。 An air accident happened to the plane, nobody
③ I can’t go out, with a lot of work to do. 我不能出去，因为有很多工作要做。（表示原因）
④ Don’t talk with your mouth full. 不要嘴里含着东 西谈话。（表示方式）
⑤ With the light off, we can’t see anything. 灯灭了，我们什么也看不见。（表示原因）
S（逻辑主语）doing having done 主动关系
S(逻辑主语) done having been done 被动关系
The lecture _______, a lively question-and-answer session followed.
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
A.being given
要求：可以使用连词，请将 句子合并为复合句。
☞ Because it rained yesterday, I stayed at home.
要求：不适用连词，将两个句子 合并为一个句子。
☞ It raining, I stayed at home.
比较三句：
☞ It rain so/and I stayed at home.
不定式在独立主格结构中多表示将来的行为，表示“企图” “约定”等，指的是按计划安排要做的事。
名词/主格代词+形容词
1）这么多人缺席，会议不得不取消。
So many people （being）absent, the meeting had to be called off.
2）那架飞机遭遇了空难，无一人生还。 An air accident happened to the plane, nobody
③ I can’t go out, with a lot of work to do. 我不能出去，因为有很多工作要做。（表示原因）
④ Don’t talk with your mouth full. 不要嘴里含着东 西谈话。（表示方式）
⑤ With the light off, we can’t see anything. 灯灭了，我们什么也看不见。（表示原因）
高二英语独立主格(PPT)4-4
灭火：石墨粉、碳酸钠干粉、碳酸钙干粉。禁用水、卤代烃灭火。【吖】ā［吖嗪］（āqín）名有机化合物的一类，呈环状结构，含有一个或几个氮原子，如 吡啶、哒嗪、嘧啶等。［英azine］ 【阿】ā〈方〉前缀。①用在排行、小名或姓的前面，有亲昵的意味：～大｜～宝｜～唐。②用在某些亲属名称的前 面：～婆｜～爹｜～哥。 【阿鼻地狱】ābídìyù佛教指最深层的地狱，是犯了重罪的人死后灵魂永远受苦的地方。 【阿昌族】āchānɡzú名我国少数民族之一， 分布在云南。 【阿斗】āDǒu名三国蜀汉后主刘禅的小名。阿斗为人庸碌，后多用来指懦弱无能的人。 【阿尔茨海默病】ā’ěrcíhǎimòbìnɡ名老年性痴呆的一 种，多发生于中年或老年的早期，因德国医生阿尔茨海默（AloisAlzheimer）最先描述而得名。症状是短期记忆丧失，认识能力退化，逐渐变得呆傻，以至生 活完全不能自理。 【阿尔法粒子】ā’ěrfǎlìzǐ某些放射性物质衰变时放射出来的氦原子核，由两个中子和两个质子构成，质量为氢原子的4倍，带正电荷，穿 透力不强。通常写作α粒子。［阿尔法，希腊字母α的音译］ 【阿尔法射线】ā’ěrfǎshèxiàn放射性物质放射出来的阿尔法粒子流。通常写作α射线。 【阿飞】 āfēi名指身着奇装异服、举动轻狂的青少年流氓。 【阿伏伽
独立主格结构可置于句首、句尾，用逗号与主句 隔开。
Hale Waihona Puke 能有效保留钠时，胃肠外营养缺钠或低钠时，利尿剂的使用而抑制肾小管重吸收钠时均可引起钠缺乏。钠的缺乏在早期症状不明显，倦怠、淡漠、无神、甚 至起立时昏倒。失；健康管理师 / 健康管理师 ；钠达.g/kg体重以上时，可出现恶心、呕吐、血压下降、痛性吉尔痉挛，尿中无氯化 物检出。 正常情况下，钠摄入过多并不蓄积，但某些特殊情况下，如误将食盐当食糖加入婴儿奶粉中喂养，则可引起中度甚至死亡。急性中度，可出现水肿、
独立主格结构可置于句首、句尾，用逗号与主句 隔开。
Hale Waihona Puke 能有效保留钠时，胃肠外营养缺钠或低钠时，利尿剂的使用而抑制肾小管重吸收钠时均可引起钠缺乏。钠的缺乏在早期症状不明显，倦怠、淡漠、无神、甚 至起立时昏倒。失；健康管理师 / 健康管理师 ；钠达.g/kg体重以上时，可出现恶心、呕吐、血压下降、痛性吉尔痉挛，尿中无氯化 物检出。 正常情况下，钠摄入过多并不蓄积，但某些特殊情况下，如误将食盐当食糖加入婴儿奶粉中喂养，则可引起中度甚至死亡。急性中度，可出现水肿、
英语语法--独立主格【优质PPT】
borrow some from his friend. 思考：划线部分改为独立主格结构 →________________，he had no choice but to borrow some from his friend. ③ With him sitting next to her，she felt safe.
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He fought against the thief, a stick (being) his onl y weapon.
思考：划线部分相当于并列句：
He has translated the whole book into English, an English-Chinese dictionary (being) his tool.
思考：划线部分相当于并列句：
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2.名词/主格代词+现在分词 （表示主动含 义和/或动作正在进行）
名词/主格代词通常为现在分词所表示的动 作的执行者，与现在分词构成逻辑上的主 谓 关系。
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① Weather permitting，we are going to visit you tomorrow. 思考：划线部分相当于状语从句：
The work having been finished, he left the
workshop. 思考：划线部分相当于状语从句：
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4.名词/主格代词+形容词/副词 （表示状态或特征） 形容词/副词常用来说明名词或主格代词的性质
特征及所处状态。在该结构中，形容词或副词 前其实省略了being. ① Everything (being) ready, they started out. 思考：划线部分相当于状语从句：
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He fought against the thief, a stick (being) his onl y weapon.
思考：划线部分相当于并列句：
He has translated the whole book into English, an English-Chinese dictionary (being) his tool.
思考：划线部分相当于并列句：
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2.名词/主格代词+现在分词 （表示主动含 义和/或动作正在进行）
名词/主格代词通常为现在分词所表示的动 作的执行者，与现在分词构成逻辑上的主 谓 关系。
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① Weather permitting，we are going to visit you tomorrow. 思考：划线部分相当于状语从句：
The work having been finished, he left the
workshop. 思考：划线部分相当于状语从句：
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4.名词/主格代词+形容词/副词 （表示状态或特征） 形容词/副词常用来说明名词或主格代词的性质
特征及所处状态。在该结构中，形容词或副词 前其实省略了being. ① Everything (being) ready, they started out. 思考：划线部分相当于状语从句：
《独立主格结构》课件
名词/代词+不定式
例如，He lay on the bed，to rest.
with引导的独立主格结构
with+名词/代词+形容词
例如，With the weather fine，we decided to go out.
பைடு நூலகம்
with+名词/代词+副词
例如，With the children away，they had a peaceful weekend.
《独立主格结构》 PPT课件
目录
CONTENTS
• 独立主格结构的定义 • 独立主格结构的类型 • 独立主格结构在句子中的作用 • 独立主格结构的构成 • 独立主格结构的用法举例 • 独立主格结构与其它结构的辨析
01 独立主格结构的定义
什么是独立主格结构
01
独立主格结构是一种语法结构， 它由一个主语和一个谓语组成， 但主语和谓语之间没有连接词。
总结词
副词性独立主格结构是由副词或副词短语构成的，主要在句中作状 语。
详细描述
例如，“The book written by him is mine.”，其中“written by him”就是一个副词性独立主格结构，表示“这本书是他写的”。
03 独立主格结构在句子中的 作用
补充说明
总结词
独立主格结构用于对句子的主句进行补充说明，提供更多的细节或背景信息。
件等。
总结词
名词性独立主格结构是由名词或 名词短语构成的，主要在句中作
状语。
详细描述
例如，“The book in the library is mine.”，其中“in the library”就是一个名词性独 立主格结构，表示“这本书在图
独立主格结构48792ppt课件
独立主格结构有三种类型：
1. 逻辑主语+非谓语动词（不定式、现在分词、过去分词）
非谓语动词独立主格结构
2. 逻辑主语+(being)+表语(名词、形容词、副词、介词短语)
无动词独立主格结构
3. with/without + 复合宾语 （不定式、现在分词、过去
分词、形容词、副词、介词短语、
名词）
编辑版pppt
.
很多人来参观这个城市，其中大多数是外国人。
I received many Christmas gifts,
.
我收到so了me很o多f th圣em诞b礼oo物ks，其中一些是书籍。
2.逻辑主语+形容词
He turned to me, his eyes sleepy. 他睡眼惺忪地转向我。
（his eyes和sleepy之间省去编辑了版pppbt eing）
(4) 作 条件状语： More time given, we can finish the work. 如果给我们更多的时间，我们就能完成这项工作。
（相当于条件状语从句：If more time is given to us ...）
编辑版pppt
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【综合比较三种非谓语动词独立主格结构】
1. 名词或代词+不定式 其中的不定式通常表示即将要发生的动作。
每个人都坐好后，老师开始上课。 (相当于时间状语从句: After everyone had sat down)
原因 (2) 作 状语：
The boy leading the way, we had no trouble getting out of the
forest. 由那个男孩带路，我们没有困难就走出了森林。
1. 逻辑主语+非谓语动词（不定式、现在分词、过去分词）
非谓语动词独立主格结构
2. 逻辑主语+(being)+表语(名词、形容词、副词、介词短语)
无动词独立主格结构
3. with/without + 复合宾语 （不定式、现在分词、过去
分词、形容词、副词、介词短语、
名词）
编辑版pppt
.
很多人来参观这个城市，其中大多数是外国人。
I received many Christmas gifts,
.
我收到so了me很o多f th圣em诞b礼oo物ks，其中一些是书籍。
2.逻辑主语+形容词
He turned to me, his eyes sleepy. 他睡眼惺忪地转向我。
（his eyes和sleepy之间省去编辑了版pppbt eing）
(4) 作 条件状语： More time given, we can finish the work. 如果给我们更多的时间，我们就能完成这项工作。
（相当于条件状语从句：If more time is given to us ...）
编辑版pppt
10
【综合比较三种非谓语动词独立主格结构】
1. 名词或代词+不定式 其中的不定式通常表示即将要发生的动作。
每个人都坐好后，老师开始上课。 (相当于时间状语从句: After everyone had sat down)
原因 (2) 作 状语：
The boy leading the way, we had no trouble getting out of the
forest. 由那个男孩带路，我们没有困难就走出了森林。
高考英语语法独立主格结构精讲(共20张PPT)
注: 在表示方式的独立主格结构中，为了使句子 简洁，往往将“逻辑主语 + 介词短语”中的 冠词或代词都省略。
The guard stood by the door, gun in hand.
注意：being在下列两种情况下一般不能省略： 1) “There being + 名词”结构中：
There being no bus, we had to walk home.
his best to prepare the dinner. 谓语动词之后
We redoubled our efforts, each man 主动 working like two. 与谓语动词同时在进行
The last bus having gone, we had to walk
home. 主动
构。
to do…
doing
done
with without
+
O
+
OC
n. adj.
adv.
prep-phrase
With so much work to do, I don’t know if I’ll have time to go out. The girl hid her box without anyone knowing where it was. With his homework finished, he went to see a film. The old man lives alone with the dog his only companion. He stood in the rain, with his clothes wet. With John away, we’ve got more room. Vincent sat at the desk, with a pen in his mouth.
The guard stood by the door, gun in hand.
注意：being在下列两种情况下一般不能省略： 1) “There being + 名词”结构中：
There being no bus, we had to walk home.
his best to prepare the dinner. 谓语动词之后
We redoubled our efforts, each man 主动 working like two. 与谓语动词同时在进行
The last bus having gone, we had to walk
home. 主动
构。
to do…
doing
done
with without
+
O
+
OC
n. adj.
adv.
prep-phrase
With so much work to do, I don’t know if I’ll have time to go out. The girl hid her box without anyone knowing where it was. With his homework finished, he went to see a film. The old man lives alone with the dog his only companion. He stood in the rain, with his clothes wet. With John away, we’ve got more room. Vincent sat at the desk, with a pen in his mouth.
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I to go to New York, he asked me not.（我 要去纽约，他却要我别去）
2、名词/代词 + doing It being fine, we decided to go for a picnic. There being no bus or taxi, we had to walk home. There being nothing else to do, we left. The problem having been settled, we ended our meeting. The clock having struck 12, I went to bed.
-
11
我们一起来改一下这个句子： After his work had been finished, he went home. His work finished, he went home.
His work having been finished, he went home.
-
12
3、名词/代词 + done His voice drowned by the noise, the speaker interrupted his lecture.
我看见深深的池塘里，水蓝蓝的像天空。
The condition (being) favorable, he may succeed. 条件有利的话，他可能成功。
Summer (being) over, students returned to school. 夏天过去了，学生回到了学校。
All the lights on, our classroom building looks even more beautiful.
Her wallet stolen, she had no money to buy even a bus ticket. 因为钱包被偷了，她甚至连买车票的钱也没有了。
-
13
4、名词/代词+adj. / adv. I saw deep pools, the water blue like the sky.
-
2
①句就是用分词形式改的，②句则是改成了复合句， 但是，如果这个句子是这样的，我们怎么改呢？
My homework is finished. I will go out. 同样是改成一个句子，可是我们很容易发现，这 两个句子的主语是不同的，这样的句子我们这么改：
虽M然y头h一om次e看w上o去rk好b像ei有ng点f别in扭is，he实d际, I上w这il样l g的o句o子ut在. 书
独立主格结构
平时的两个简单句，若要将它们改成一个句子，除 了将它们改成从句以外，很简单的就是改成分词形 式，比如
I finish my homework. I will go out.(改成一个句 子)
①After finishing my homework, I will go out. ②After I finish my homework, I will go out.
5、名词/代词 + 介词短语 He came into the classroom, book in hand.
The men ran out of the burning house, many of them with their clothes on fire.
（总统被谋杀了，举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中。）
-
4
一、独立主格结构含义
独立主格结构，又叫独立结构
（absolute construction）。它在句法上
游离于句子主体之外，跟主句没有任何
句法联系；但在意义上却与主句紧密联
系在一起，共同构成一个完整的语义环
境。独立主格结构没有主语和谓语，只
有逻辑上的主语，因此，它在句法上不
-
10
在独立主格结构中，如果强调分词的 时间发生在主句动词之前，常用现在 分词完成时态表示。
The snow having stopped, she went out to the zoo.
The clock having struck 12, I went to bed.
The problem having been settled, we ended our meeting.
面报告，尤其是描述性语言中，在口语和非正式文体中， 一般用从句或两个句子来代替。
-
3
_T_h_e_p_r_e_s_i_d_e_n_t _a_s_s_a_s_s_in_a_t_e_d__, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
= After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
是句子，而是一个独立于句子成分之外
的独特结构形式。独立主格结构可置于
句首、句尾，用逗号与主句隔开。
-
5
二、独立主格结构的形式
独立主格结构可分为两部分，一部分是名词或 代词（主格），起着逻辑主语的作用；另一部 分由形容词、副词、名词、分词、不定式、介 词短语等构成，表示前面名词或代
Walking along the road, an accident happened.
Listening to the radio, there was a knock at the door.
Walking along the road, I saw an accident.
Listening to the radio, I heard a knock at the door.
-
7
（一） 独立主格结构的特点：
1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不 同，它独立存在。
2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词， 不定 式，介词等是主谓关系。
3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。
4)在句中作状语，并对主句进行补充说明。
5)它有自己逻辑上的主语，表达相对独立的 意思
-
8
1、名词/代词 + to do We divide the work, he to clean windows and I to sweep the floor.
2、名词/代词 + doing It being fine, we decided to go for a picnic. There being no bus or taxi, we had to walk home. There being nothing else to do, we left. The problem having been settled, we ended our meeting. The clock having struck 12, I went to bed.
-
11
我们一起来改一下这个句子： After his work had been finished, he went home. His work finished, he went home.
His work having been finished, he went home.
-
12
3、名词/代词 + done His voice drowned by the noise, the speaker interrupted his lecture.
我看见深深的池塘里，水蓝蓝的像天空。
The condition (being) favorable, he may succeed. 条件有利的话，他可能成功。
Summer (being) over, students returned to school. 夏天过去了，学生回到了学校。
All the lights on, our classroom building looks even more beautiful.
Her wallet stolen, she had no money to buy even a bus ticket. 因为钱包被偷了，她甚至连买车票的钱也没有了。
-
13
4、名词/代词+adj. / adv. I saw deep pools, the water blue like the sky.
-
2
①句就是用分词形式改的，②句则是改成了复合句， 但是，如果这个句子是这样的，我们怎么改呢？
My homework is finished. I will go out. 同样是改成一个句子，可是我们很容易发现，这 两个句子的主语是不同的，这样的句子我们这么改：
虽M然y头h一om次e看w上o去rk好b像ei有ng点f别in扭is，he实d际, I上w这il样l g的o句o子ut在. 书
独立主格结构
平时的两个简单句，若要将它们改成一个句子，除 了将它们改成从句以外，很简单的就是改成分词形 式，比如
I finish my homework. I will go out.(改成一个句 子)
①After finishing my homework, I will go out. ②After I finish my homework, I will go out.
5、名词/代词 + 介词短语 He came into the classroom, book in hand.
The men ran out of the burning house, many of them with their clothes on fire.
（总统被谋杀了，举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中。）
-
4
一、独立主格结构含义
独立主格结构，又叫独立结构
（absolute construction）。它在句法上
游离于句子主体之外，跟主句没有任何
句法联系；但在意义上却与主句紧密联
系在一起，共同构成一个完整的语义环
境。独立主格结构没有主语和谓语，只
有逻辑上的主语，因此，它在句法上不
-
10
在独立主格结构中，如果强调分词的 时间发生在主句动词之前，常用现在 分词完成时态表示。
The snow having stopped, she went out to the zoo.
The clock having struck 12, I went to bed.
The problem having been settled, we ended our meeting.
面报告，尤其是描述性语言中，在口语和非正式文体中， 一般用从句或两个句子来代替。
-
3
_T_h_e_p_r_e_s_i_d_e_n_t _a_s_s_a_s_s_in_a_t_e_d__, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
= After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
是句子，而是一个独立于句子成分之外
的独特结构形式。独立主格结构可置于
句首、句尾，用逗号与主句隔开。
-
5
二、独立主格结构的形式
独立主格结构可分为两部分，一部分是名词或 代词（主格），起着逻辑主语的作用；另一部 分由形容词、副词、名词、分词、不定式、介 词短语等构成，表示前面名词或代
Walking along the road, an accident happened.
Listening to the radio, there was a knock at the door.
Walking along the road, I saw an accident.
Listening to the radio, I heard a knock at the door.
-
7
（一） 独立主格结构的特点：
1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不 同，它独立存在。
2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词， 不定 式，介词等是主谓关系。
3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。
4)在句中作状语，并对主句进行补充说明。
5)它有自己逻辑上的主语，表达相对独立的 意思
-
8
1、名词/代词 + to do We divide the work, he to clean windows and I to sweep the floor.