独立主格结构讲解 (3)ppt课件
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2.动词-ing 形式构成的独立主格结构：
如动词-ing 形式的逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致时， 就要用动词-ing 形式的独立主格结构（在句中常做 时 间状语、原因、条件、方式状语）
1)表时间
The audience having seated themselves, the concert began.
2)表方式或伴随
The coward was backing , his face being deathly pale, toward another room.
6
表原因
The guide leading the way, we had no trouble getting out of the forest.
独立主格结构：
形式：n\pron + 其他成分（doing\done \to do \n. \adj.\adv\介词短语）
在语法上是一个独立的短语，不是句子，在意思上依附 于整个句子，相当于状语，表示时间、原因、条件、 或伴随等情况。
1. It being Sunday, they had no classes. 原因
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3.动词-ed 形式构成的独立主格结构（是由逻辑主语+动词 -ed形式 构成，常做时间、原因、伴随、条件状语）
1)表时间
The task completed , we had a global traveling.
= The task having been completed …= After the task was completed,…
Th_e_q_u_e_s_t_io__n_b_e_i_n_g_d__is_c_u_s_s_e_d, a man came up with a practical solution.(正讨论这个问题时)
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大多数的独立主格结构可以用“with +宾语+宾语补足语” 来代替。
1） He lay there, his hands behind his head.(= with his hands behind his head)
Hearing the exciting news , everybody was excited.
Having been there many times , he is quite familiar with the place. The policeman entered the dark room , gun in hand. 2
= As the guide led the way,…… 表条件：
Weather permitting, we will go on an outing to the beach now.(= If weather permits…)
Such being the case, you have no grounds for dismissing him.(=If such is the case…)
1）。 The football match (being) over , crowds of people poured out into the street. 2).Nobody (being) in, I didn’t enter the hall. 3).All the windows (being) open, the air in the room is fresher. 4).All the tickets(having been) sold out, we had to wait for the next week’s show.
非谓语动词的独立主格结构：
“名词或代词+ 非谓语动词”结构构成的独立主格结构称 为非谓语动词的独立主格结构。
1. 不定式构成的独立主格结构（表示还未发生的行为或状 态，在句中做原因状语、条件状语）
❖Lots of homework to be done, I have to stay at home .
work in advance. ( = If more time and money are given,……) 注意： 1. 不定式往往表示没有发生或即将发生 2. 动词-ing 形式表示正在进行的动作或状态 3. 动词-ed 形式表示已经完成和被动的行为
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1. So many windows to clean, I had to devote the whole afternoon. 将要
2. The signal given, the train started. 时间
3. The children were making a snowman, hands red with
cold. 伴随
4. He sat in the chair, book in hand and pipe in mouth.
V-ing 形式
非ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
谓
语
不定式
动
词
过去分词
1
1.非谓语中的主语和主句中的主语是一致的：
2.但是独立主格却和主句主语不一样,因此是独立的主 格. eg: The woman look around the shop , keeping an eye on her baby.
Spring coming, the flowers are coming out.
伴随 3
n. \ pron . + doing/ to do/ done
_H__e_b_e_i_n_g_h_o_n__e_s_t ____(因为他很诚实), we like him.
A_ll_t_h_e_w__in_d_o_w__s_c_l_e_a_n_e_d_, I had a good rest.(所有的 窗子都擦完了)
2. All the windows cleaned, I had a good rest. 完成、被动
3. The question being discussed , a man came up with a practical solution. 进行
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独立主格结构中的being 和 having been常省略
2)表方式或伴随
When in trouble, Tom would sit alone, head bent.
3) 表原因
Thousands of eyes fixed upon her, Mary felt on
edge.
8
4).表条件 More time and money given , we can finish the
2.动词-ing 形式构成的独立主格结构：
如动词-ing 形式的逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致时， 就要用动词-ing 形式的独立主格结构（在句中常做 时 间状语、原因、条件、方式状语）
1)表时间
The audience having seated themselves, the concert began.
2)表方式或伴随
The coward was backing , his face being deathly pale, toward another room.
6
表原因
The guide leading the way, we had no trouble getting out of the forest.
独立主格结构：
形式：n\pron + 其他成分（doing\done \to do \n. \adj.\adv\介词短语）
在语法上是一个独立的短语，不是句子，在意思上依附 于整个句子，相当于状语，表示时间、原因、条件、 或伴随等情况。
1. It being Sunday, they had no classes. 原因
7
3.动词-ed 形式构成的独立主格结构（是由逻辑主语+动词 -ed形式 构成，常做时间、原因、伴随、条件状语）
1)表时间
The task completed , we had a global traveling.
= The task having been completed …= After the task was completed,…
Th_e_q_u_e_s_t_io__n_b_e_i_n_g_d__is_c_u_s_s_e_d, a man came up with a practical solution.(正讨论这个问题时)
4
大多数的独立主格结构可以用“with +宾语+宾语补足语” 来代替。
1） He lay there, his hands behind his head.(= with his hands behind his head)
Hearing the exciting news , everybody was excited.
Having been there many times , he is quite familiar with the place. The policeman entered the dark room , gun in hand. 2
= As the guide led the way,…… 表条件：
Weather permitting, we will go on an outing to the beach now.(= If weather permits…)
Such being the case, you have no grounds for dismissing him.(=If such is the case…)
1）。 The football match (being) over , crowds of people poured out into the street. 2).Nobody (being) in, I didn’t enter the hall. 3).All the windows (being) open, the air in the room is fresher. 4).All the tickets(having been) sold out, we had to wait for the next week’s show.
非谓语动词的独立主格结构：
“名词或代词+ 非谓语动词”结构构成的独立主格结构称 为非谓语动词的独立主格结构。
1. 不定式构成的独立主格结构（表示还未发生的行为或状 态，在句中做原因状语、条件状语）
❖Lots of homework to be done, I have to stay at home .
work in advance. ( = If more time and money are given,……) 注意： 1. 不定式往往表示没有发生或即将发生 2. 动词-ing 形式表示正在进行的动作或状态 3. 动词-ed 形式表示已经完成和被动的行为
9
1. So many windows to clean, I had to devote the whole afternoon. 将要
2. The signal given, the train started. 时间
3. The children were making a snowman, hands red with
cold. 伴随
4. He sat in the chair, book in hand and pipe in mouth.
V-ing 形式
非ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
谓
语
不定式
动
词
过去分词
1
1.非谓语中的主语和主句中的主语是一致的：
2.但是独立主格却和主句主语不一样,因此是独立的主 格. eg: The woman look around the shop , keeping an eye on her baby.
Spring coming, the flowers are coming out.
伴随 3
n. \ pron . + doing/ to do/ done
_H__e_b_e_i_n_g_h_o_n__e_s_t ____(因为他很诚实), we like him.
A_ll_t_h_e_w__in_d_o_w__s_c_l_e_a_n_e_d_, I had a good rest.(所有的 窗子都擦完了)
2. All the windows cleaned, I had a good rest. 完成、被动
3. The question being discussed , a man came up with a practical solution. 进行
10
独立主格结构中的being 和 having been常省略
2)表方式或伴随
When in trouble, Tom would sit alone, head bent.
3) 表原因
Thousands of eyes fixed upon her, Mary felt on
edge.
8
4).表条件 More time and money given , we can finish the