独立主格结构讲解 (3)ppt课件
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高三英语一轮复习：读后续写之独立主格概述课件
更多例句：→ He played the piano intently, eyes closed.→ The signal given, the train started.→ New words explained, the text became easier for us to learn.→ The test finished, we began our holiday.→ The president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.→ The work done, we went home.
3. 名词/主格代词+形容词此结构常用来说明名词或代词的性质、特征或所处的状态。①An air accident happened to the plane, nobody alive.那架飞机遭遇了空难，无一人生还。②So many people absent, the meeting had to be called off.这么多人缺席，会议不得不取消。更多例句：→ He entered the room, his nose red with cold.→ He sat in the front row, his mouth half open.→ Conditions better, the patient can leave the hospital.→ Sunday OK, we’d like to go outing.
②Two militiamen quickly passed by us, rifle in hand.两个民兵手里拿着步枪，迅速地从我们旁边走过去。③A robber burst into the room, knife in hand.一个强盗手持钢刀冲进了房间。〖注〗如果是其他介词则没有这种限定。He came out of the library, a large book under his arm.他从图书馆出来，腋下夹着一大本书。更多例句：→ The boy followed the nobleman here, sword in hand.→ He left the office, tears in eyes.→ He went off, gun in hand.
3. 名词/主格代词+形容词此结构常用来说明名词或代词的性质、特征或所处的状态。①An air accident happened to the plane, nobody alive.那架飞机遭遇了空难，无一人生还。②So many people absent, the meeting had to be called off.这么多人缺席，会议不得不取消。更多例句：→ He entered the room, his nose red with cold.→ He sat in the front row, his mouth half open.→ Conditions better, the patient can leave the hospital.→ Sunday OK, we’d like to go outing.
②Two militiamen quickly passed by us, rifle in hand.两个民兵手里拿着步枪，迅速地从我们旁边走过去。③A robber burst into the room, knife in hand.一个强盗手持钢刀冲进了房间。〖注〗如果是其他介词则没有这种限定。He came out of the library, a large book under his arm.他从图书馆出来，腋下夹着一大本书。更多例句：→ The boy followed the nobleman here, sword in hand.→ He left the office, tears in eyes.→ He went off, gun in hand.
独立主格结构PPT课件
I to go to New York, he asked me not.（我 要去纽约，他却要我别去）
2、名词/代词 + doing It being fine, we decided to go for a picnic. There being no bus or taxi, we had to walk home. There being nothing else to do, we left. The problem having been settled, we ended our meeting. The clock having struck 12, I went to bed.
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我们一起来改一下这个句子： After his work had been finished, he went home. His work finished, he went home.
His work having been finished, he went home.
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3、名词/代词 + done His voice drowned by the noise, the speaker interrupted his lecture.
我看见深深的池塘里，水蓝蓝的像天空。
The condition (being) favorable, he may succeed. 条件有利的话，他可能成功。
Summer (being) over, students returned to school. 夏天过去了，学生回到了学校。
All the lights on, our classroom building looks even more beautiful.
2、名词/代词 + doing It being fine, we decided to go for a picnic. There being no bus or taxi, we had to walk home. There being nothing else to do, we left. The problem having been settled, we ended our meeting. The clock having struck 12, I went to bed.
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11
我们一起来改一下这个句子： After his work had been finished, he went home. His work finished, he went home.
His work having been finished, he went home.
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3、名词/代词 + done His voice drowned by the noise, the speaker interrupted his lecture.
我看见深深的池塘里，水蓝蓝的像天空。
The condition (being) favorable, he may succeed. 条件有利的话，他可能成功。
Summer (being) over, students returned to school. 夏天过去了，学生回到了学校。
All the lights on, our classroom building looks even more beautiful.
高中英语独立主格结构(共26张PPT)
当主语与分词形成逻辑动宾关系时， 也就是被动关系时，用过去分词。
e.g. More money given, we should have sent more employees to the mother company to get trained.
2. 在独立主格结构中，如果强调分词 的时间发生在主句动词之前，常用 现在分词完成时态表示。
e.g. He stood there, his hand tied. 也可以用with的复合结构：
e.g. He stood there, with his hand tied.
独立主格结构使用介词的问题： 当介词是in时，其前后的两个名词 均不加任何成分(如物主代词或冠词)， 也不用复数。 e.g. A robber burst into the room, knife in hand.
4. He (being) absent, no business was done.
5.She sat there alone, her face covered with her hands / her hands covering her face.
6.He was reading newspaper, (with) his back against the window.
The snow having stopped, she went out to the zoo.
The clock having struck 12, I went to bed.
The problem having been settled, we ended our meeting.
我们一起来改一下这个句子：
独立主格结构的用法
e.g. More money given, we should have sent more employees to the mother company to get trained.
2. 在独立主格结构中，如果强调分词 的时间发生在主句动词之前，常用 现在分词完成时态表示。
e.g. He stood there, his hand tied. 也可以用with的复合结构：
e.g. He stood there, with his hand tied.
独立主格结构使用介词的问题： 当介词是in时，其前后的两个名词 均不加任何成分(如物主代词或冠词)， 也不用复数。 e.g. A robber burst into the room, knife in hand.
4. He (being) absent, no business was done.
5.She sat there alone, her face covered with her hands / her hands covering her face.
6.He was reading newspaper, (with) his back against the window.
The snow having stopped, she went out to the zoo.
The clock having struck 12, I went to bed.
The problem having been settled, we ended our meeting.
我们一起来改一下这个句子：
独立主格结构的用法
独立主格结构通用课件
解决方案
在构建独立主格结构时，需要确保表达准确、生动且符合 语境。可以使用更具体的形容词、副词或动词来描述情景 或情感。同时，也可以使用修辞手法如比喻、拟人等来增 强表达力。
CHAPTER 06
独立主格结构实例展示与解析
写作实例展示与解析
01
名词/代词+不定式结构
名词/代词+to do，如“John having no money, his boss gave him
在构建独立主格结构时，需要明确主 语和谓语之间的逻辑关系。可以使用 介词、连词等来连接独立主格结构和 主句，以避免歧义。同时，也可以调 整句子结构或使用逗号、分号等标点 符号来强调逻辑关系。
语言表达能力不足01Fra bibliotek总结词
语言表达能力不足是独立主格结构中常见的表达问题。
02 03
详细描述
语言表达能力不足是指在独立主格结构中，无法准确表达 作者的意图或情感。例如，“The clock striking ten, we went to bed.” 这句话虽然语法正确，但无法准确表达出 时钟敲响十点时，人们通常会去睡觉的情景。
a raise.”（约翰没有钱，老板给他涨了工资。）
02 03
名词/代词+现在分词结构
名词/代词+doing，如“The children playing in the yard, their parents were busy preparing dinner.”（孩子们在院子里玩耍，他们 的父母正忙着准备晚餐。）
名词/代词+过去分词结构
名词/代词+done，如“The car repaired by him, he felt very proud.”（他修好的汽车，他感到很自豪。）
在构建独立主格结构时，需要确保表达准确、生动且符合 语境。可以使用更具体的形容词、副词或动词来描述情景 或情感。同时，也可以使用修辞手法如比喻、拟人等来增 强表达力。
CHAPTER 06
独立主格结构实例展示与解析
写作实例展示与解析
01
名词/代词+不定式结构
名词/代词+to do，如“John having no money, his boss gave him
在构建独立主格结构时，需要明确主 语和谓语之间的逻辑关系。可以使用 介词、连词等来连接独立主格结构和 主句，以避免歧义。同时，也可以调 整句子结构或使用逗号、分号等标点 符号来强调逻辑关系。
语言表达能力不足01Fra bibliotek总结词
语言表达能力不足是独立主格结构中常见的表达问题。
02 03
详细描述
语言表达能力不足是指在独立主格结构中，无法准确表达 作者的意图或情感。例如，“The clock striking ten, we went to bed.” 这句话虽然语法正确，但无法准确表达出 时钟敲响十点时，人们通常会去睡觉的情景。
a raise.”（约翰没有钱，老板给他涨了工资。）
02 03
名词/代词+现在分词结构
名词/代词+doing，如“The children playing in the yard, their parents were busy preparing dinner.”（孩子们在院子里玩耍，他们 的父母正忙着准备晚餐。）
名词/代词+过去分词结构
名词/代词+done，如“The car repaired by him, he felt very proud.”（他修好的汽车，他感到很自豪。）
独立结构__独立主格结构_ppt
其他不能省略的情况
1.独立结构位于句尾表示原因： He had to stay where he was ,his leg being broken 比较:His leg (being) broken, he had to stay where he was.
2.在there/such being中 There being no alarm , she went back to her room. 没有什么意外情况，她回到房间 里去了 Such being the case ,there are no grounds to justify your complaints.
不定式可以带自身逻辑主语， 不定式可以带自身逻辑主语，但不是独立主 格结构 It is impossible for me to finish this work. It is unwise of them to turn down the suggestion. Rather than she washes dishes, I prefer to wash them myself
THE END
练习
1_______, I’ll go over all these lessons bef ore the exam. A. If time will permit B. Time permitting C. If time permitted D. Time permits
3．Such _________ the case ，there are no grounds to justify your complaints． A．being B．is C．was D．to be 4．Darkness _________ in，the young people lingered on merrymaking． A．set B．setting C．has set D．was set 5．With all factors_________，we think this program may excel all the others in achieving the goal． A．being considered B．considering C．considered D．are considered
独立主格结构48835ppt课件
（The floor wet and slippery= As the floor was wet and slippery ）
编辑版pppt
6
(5) n./pron.+ adv. The meeting over, they all went home.
(The meeting over= After the meeting was over )
__S_o__m__a_n_y__p_e_o_p__le__a_b_s_e_n_t_, the meeting had to
be called off.
n. + adj.
2)头低着，他跟着老师进了办公室。 __H__ea_d__d_o_w__n________, he followed his teacher into the office.
n. + adv.
编辑版pppt
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3)这是头两卷，第三卷下个月出版。 Here are the first two volumes, the _t_h_i_r_d_o_n_e__t_o_c_o_m__e_o_u_t___next month. (come)
pron. + to inf.
4)有一个花园，它的主人每天下午都坐在那。 There was a garden, __it_s_o_w__n_e_r_s_e_a_te_d__ in it. (seat)
(6) n./pron.+ prep. phr. A girl came in, some books in her hand.
（Some books in hand=and she had some books in her hand）
英语语法--独立主格【优质PPT】
borrow some from his friend. 思考：划线部分改为独立主格结构 →________________，he had no choice but to borrow some from his friend. ③ With him sitting next to her，she felt safe.
2021/10/10
3
He fought against the thief, a stick (being) his onl y weapon.
思考：划线部分相当于并列句：
He has translated the whole book into English, an English-Chinese dictionary (being) his tool.
思考：划线部分相当于并列句：
2021/10/10
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2.名词/主格代词+现在分词 （表示主动含 义和/或动作正在进行）
名词/主格代词通常为现在分词所表示的动 作的执行者，与现在分词构成逻辑上的主 谓 关系。
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① Weather permitting，we are going to visit you tomorrow. 思考：划线部分相当于状语从句：
The work having been finished, he left the
workshop. 思考：划线部分相当于状语从句：
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4.名词/主格代词+形容词/副词 （表示状态或特征） 形容词/副词常用来说明名词或主格代词的性质
特征及所处状态。在该结构中，形容词或副词 前其实省略了being. ① Everything (being) ready, they started out. 思考：划线部分相当于状语从句：
2021/10/10
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He fought against the thief, a stick (being) his onl y weapon.
思考：划线部分相当于并列句：
He has translated the whole book into English, an English-Chinese dictionary (being) his tool.
思考：划线部分相当于并列句：
2021/10/10
4
2.名词/主格代词+现在分词 （表示主动含 义和/或动作正在进行）
名词/主格代词通常为现在分词所表示的动 作的执行者，与现在分词构成逻辑上的主 谓 关系。
2021/10/10
5
① Weather permitting，we are going to visit you tomorrow. 思考：划线部分相当于状语从句：
The work having been finished, he left the
workshop. 思考：划线部分相当于状语从句：
2021/10/10
9
4.名词/主格代词+形容词/副词 （表示状态或特征） 形容词/副词常用来说明名词或主格代词的性质
特征及所处状态。在该结构中，形容词或副词 前其实省略了being. ① Everything (being) ready, they started out. 思考：划线部分相当于状语从句：
高二英语独立主格(PPT)3-3
She had to walk home with her bike stolen.（原因状语）
没有颜色，呈透明状。根据玉米籽粒的颜色不同，玉米有黄玉米、白玉米和混合玉米三种。根据玉米籽粒形态、硬度及不同用途，玉米分为普通玉米（硬粒
型、中间型、马齿型、硬偏马型、马偏硬型）和特种玉米（高赖氨酸玉米、高油玉米、甜玉米、爆裂玉米、糯玉米）两种。玉米形状和大小因品种不同有所 不同，一般玉米长8-mm，宽-mm，厚-mm，如果玉米颗粒之间差异太大，会使玉米在加工过程中难以清洗和破碎。 [] 分布范围 我国各地均有栽培。全世界 热带和温带地区广泛种植，为一重要谷物。 [] 品种类型 玉米的品种类型很多，按用途分，有粮用饲用品种、菜用品种（包括糯质型、甜质型、玉米笋型）、 加工品种（甜玉米、玉米笋）、爆粒型品种（爆米花专用品种）等。 [] 种植技术 以夏玉米为例，推行“一增四改”技术：根据品种要求合理增加种植密度； 改用耐密型品种进行种植；改用免耕精量直播技术，直播玉米密度适宜、群体整齐度好；改粗放用肥为测土配方施肥；改人工种植为玉米机械化作业。 [] 选 用优良品种 精选优质良种，一般选用具有高产潜力、耐密紧凑、大穗型的中晚熟品种
Eg:With prices going up so fast, we can‘t afford luxuries. （原因状语）
With the crowds cheering, they drove to the palace.（伴随情 况） 2.with+名词(或代词)+过去分词:过去分词和前面的名词或代 词是逻辑上的动宾关系。 Eg:Her work done ，she sat down for a cup of tea．表时间
一、独立主格结构含义
独立主格结构，又叫独立结构（absolute construction）。它在句法上游离于句子主体之外， 跟主句没有任何句法联系；但在意义上却与主句 紧密联系在一起，共同构成一个完整的语义环境。 独立主格结构没有主语和谓语，只有逻辑上的主 语，因此，它在句法上不是句子，而是一个独立 于句子成分之外的独特结构形式。
没有颜色，呈透明状。根据玉米籽粒的颜色不同，玉米有黄玉米、白玉米和混合玉米三种。根据玉米籽粒形态、硬度及不同用途，玉米分为普通玉米（硬粒
型、中间型、马齿型、硬偏马型、马偏硬型）和特种玉米（高赖氨酸玉米、高油玉米、甜玉米、爆裂玉米、糯玉米）两种。玉米形状和大小因品种不同有所 不同，一般玉米长8-mm，宽-mm，厚-mm，如果玉米颗粒之间差异太大，会使玉米在加工过程中难以清洗和破碎。 [] 分布范围 我国各地均有栽培。全世界 热带和温带地区广泛种植，为一重要谷物。 [] 品种类型 玉米的品种类型很多，按用途分，有粮用饲用品种、菜用品种（包括糯质型、甜质型、玉米笋型）、 加工品种（甜玉米、玉米笋）、爆粒型品种（爆米花专用品种）等。 [] 种植技术 以夏玉米为例，推行“一增四改”技术：根据品种要求合理增加种植密度； 改用耐密型品种进行种植；改用免耕精量直播技术，直播玉米密度适宜、群体整齐度好；改粗放用肥为测土配方施肥；改人工种植为玉米机械化作业。 [] 选 用优良品种 精选优质良种，一般选用具有高产潜力、耐密紧凑、大穗型的中晚熟品种
Eg:With prices going up so fast, we can‘t afford luxuries. （原因状语）
With the crowds cheering, they drove to the palace.（伴随情 况） 2.with+名词(或代词)+过去分词:过去分词和前面的名词或代 词是逻辑上的动宾关系。 Eg:Her work done ，she sat down for a cup of tea．表时间
一、独立主格结构含义
独立主格结构，又叫独立结构（absolute construction）。它在句法上游离于句子主体之外， 跟主句没有任何句法联系；但在意义上却与主句 紧密联系在一起，共同构成一个完整的语义环境。 独立主格结构没有主语和谓语，只有逻辑上的主 语，因此，它在句法上不是句子，而是一个独立 于句子成分之外的独特结构形式。
《独立主格结构》课件
名词/代词+不定式
例如，He lay on the bed，to rest.
with引导的独立主格结构
with+名词/代词+形容词
例如，With the weather fine，we decided to go out.
பைடு நூலகம்
with+名词/代词+副词
例如，With the children away，they had a peaceful weekend.
《独立主格结构》 PPT课件
目录
CONTENTS
• 独立主格结构的定义 • 独立主格结构的类型 • 独立主格结构在句子中的作用 • 独立主格结构的构成 • 独立主格结构的用法举例 • 独立主格结构与其它结构的辨析
01 独立主格结构的定义
什么是独立主格结构
01
独立主格结构是一种语法结构， 它由一个主语和一个谓语组成， 但主语和谓语之间没有连接词。
总结词
副词性独立主格结构是由副词或副词短语构成的，主要在句中作状 语。
详细描述
例如，“The book written by him is mine.”，其中“written by him”就是一个副词性独立主格结构，表示“这本书是他写的”。
03 独立主格结构在句子中的 作用
补充说明
总结词
独立主格结构用于对句子的主句进行补充说明，提供更多的细节或背景信息。
件等。
总结词
名词性独立主格结构是由名词或 名词短语构成的，主要在句中作
状语。
详细描述
例如，“The book in the library is mine.”，其中“in the library”就是一个名词性独 立主格结构，表示“这本书在图
独立主格结构.PPT课件
The students are walking in the school happily,
each wearing a card in front of his chest.
卡。
6
3. “名词/代词+过去分词”结构
该结构在句中常作 时间状语、原因状语、方式或伴 随状语、条件状语等。
(T1h)e作时tes间t
D. When goodbye
6. She stood there, _______ from her cheeks.
A. tears' rolling down
(4) 作条件 状语：
More time given, we can finish the work.
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【综合比较三种非谓语动词独立主格结构】
1. 名词或代词+不定式 其中的不定式通常表示尚未发生或即将要发生的动作。 2. 名词或代词+现在分词 其中的现在分词通常表示动作正在进行（或当时正在 进行）或一般情况的状态、动作。
Grammar
独立主格
1
【独立主格结构的概念】
独立主格结构是一种特殊的结构，可以理解为一个
在句中做 状语 的短语，用于修饰整个句子。其位置
灵活，可位于句前或句末，常由逗号将其与句子分开。 需特别注意的是，独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用 任何连接词。
独立主格结构主要有两部分构成：逻辑主语和逻辑 谓语。名词或代词 作为逻辑主语 ；现在分词、过去分 词、动词不定式、形容词、副词、或介词短语等作为 逻辑谓语。
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The food being cooked, the boy was watching
TV. 小孩一边做饭，一边看电视。
高考英语语法独立主格结构精讲(共20张PPT)
注: 在表示方式的独立主格结构中，为了使句子 简洁，往往将“逻辑主语 + 介词短语”中的 冠词或代词都省略。
The guard stood by the door, gun in hand.
注意：being在下列两种情况下一般不能省略： 1) “There being + 名词”结构中：
There being no bus, we had to walk home.
his best to prepare the dinner. 谓语动词之后
We redoubled our efforts, each man 主动 working like two. 与谓语动词同时在进行
The last bus having gone, we had to walk
home. 主动
构。
to do…
doing
done
with without
+
O
+
OC
n. adj.
adv.
prep-phrase
With so much work to do, I don’t know if I’ll have time to go out. The girl hid her box without anyone knowing where it was. With his homework finished, he went to see a film. The old man lives alone with the dog his only companion. He stood in the rain, with his clothes wet. With John away, we’ve got more room. Vincent sat at the desk, with a pen in his mouth.
The guard stood by the door, gun in hand.
注意：being在下列两种情况下一般不能省略： 1) “There being + 名词”结构中：
There being no bus, we had to walk home.
his best to prepare the dinner. 谓语动词之后
We redoubled our efforts, each man 主动 working like two. 与谓语动词同时在进行
The last bus having gone, we had to walk
home. 主动
构。
to do…
doing
done
with without
+
O
+
OC
n. adj.
adv.
prep-phrase
With so much work to do, I don’t know if I’ll have time to go out. The girl hid her box without anyone knowing where it was. With his homework finished, he went to see a film. The old man lives alone with the dog his only companion. He stood in the rain, with his clothes wet. With John away, we’ve got more room. Vincent sat at the desk, with a pen in his mouth.
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work in advance. ( = If more time and money are given,……) 注意： 1. 不定式往往表示没有发生或即将发生 2. 动词-ing 形式表示正在进行的动作或状态 3. 动词-ed 形式表示已经完成和被动的行为
9
1. So many windows to clean, I had to devote the whole afternoon. 将要
5
2.动词-ing 形式构成的独立主格结构：
如动词-ing 形式的逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致时， 就要用动词-ing 形式的独立主格结构（在句中常做 时 间状语、原因、条件、方式状语）
1)表时间
The audience having seated themselves, the concert began.
2)表方式或伴随
The coward was backing , his face being deathly pale, toward another room.
6
表原因
The guide leading the way, we had no trouble getting out of the forest.
非谓语动词的独立主格结构：
“名词或代词+ 非谓语动词”结构构成的独立主格结构称 为非谓语动词的独立主格结构。
1. 不定式构成的独立主格结构（表示还未发生的行为或状 态，在句中做原因状语、条件状语）
❖Lots of homework to be done, I have to stay at home .
2)表方式或伴随
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
When in trouble, Tom would sit alone, head bent.
3) 表原因
Thousands of eyes fixed upon her, Mary felt on
edge.
8
4).表条件 More time and money given , we can finish the
2. All the windows cleaned, I had a good rest. 完成、被动
3. The question being discussed , a man came up with a practical solution. 进行
10
独立主格结构中的being 和 having been常省略
V-ing 形式
非
谓
语
不定式
动
词
过去分词
1
1.非谓语中的主语和主句中的主语是一致的：
2.但是独立主格却和主句主语不一样,因此是独立的主 格. eg: The woman look around the shop , keeping an eye on her baby.
Spring coming, the flowers are coming out.
2. The signal given, the train started. 时间
3. The children were making a snowman, hands red with
cold. 伴随
4. He sat in the chair, book in hand and pipe in mouth.
Th_e_q_u_e_s_t_io__n_b_e_i_n_g_d__is_c_u_s_s_e_d, a man came up with a practical solution.(正讨论这个问题时)
4
大多数的独立主格结构可以用“with +宾语+宾语补足语” 来代替。
1） He lay there, his hands behind his head.(= with his hands behind his head)
7
3.动词-ed 形式构成的独立主格结构（是由逻辑主语+动词 -ed形式 构成，常做时间、原因、伴随、条件状语）
1)表时间
The task completed , we had a global traveling.
= The task having been completed …= After the task was completed,…
独立主格结构：
形式：n\pron + 其他成分（doing\done \to do \n. \adj.\adv\介词短语）
在语法上是一个独立的短语，不是句子，在意思上依附 于整个句子，相当于状语，表示时间、原因、条件、 或伴随等情况。
1. It being Sunday, they had no classes. 原因
1）。 The football match (being) over , crowds of people poured out into the street. 2).Nobody (being) in, I didn’t enter the hall. 3).All the windows (being) open, the air in the room is fresher. 4).All the tickets(having been) sold out, we had to wait for the next week’s show.
伴随 3
n. \ pron . + doing/ to do/ done
_H__e_b_e_i_n_g_h_o_n__e_s_t ____(因为他很诚实), we like him.
A_ll_t_h_e_w__in_d_o_w__s_c_l_e_a_n_e_d_, I had a good rest.(所有的 窗子都擦完了)
= As the guide led the way,…… 表条件：
Weather permitting, we will go on an outing to the beach now.(= If weather permits…)
Such being the case, you have no grounds for dismissing him.(=If such is the case…)
Hearing the exciting news , everybody was excited.
Having been there many times , he is quite familiar with the place. The policeman entered the dark room , gun in hand. 2
9
1. So many windows to clean, I had to devote the whole afternoon. 将要
5
2.动词-ing 形式构成的独立主格结构：
如动词-ing 形式的逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致时， 就要用动词-ing 形式的独立主格结构（在句中常做 时 间状语、原因、条件、方式状语）
1)表时间
The audience having seated themselves, the concert began.
2)表方式或伴随
The coward was backing , his face being deathly pale, toward another room.
6
表原因
The guide leading the way, we had no trouble getting out of the forest.
非谓语动词的独立主格结构：
“名词或代词+ 非谓语动词”结构构成的独立主格结构称 为非谓语动词的独立主格结构。
1. 不定式构成的独立主格结构（表示还未发生的行为或状 态，在句中做原因状语、条件状语）
❖Lots of homework to be done, I have to stay at home .
2)表方式或伴随
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
When in trouble, Tom would sit alone, head bent.
3) 表原因
Thousands of eyes fixed upon her, Mary felt on
edge.
8
4).表条件 More time and money given , we can finish the
2. All the windows cleaned, I had a good rest. 完成、被动
3. The question being discussed , a man came up with a practical solution. 进行
10
独立主格结构中的being 和 having been常省略
V-ing 形式
非
谓
语
不定式
动
词
过去分词
1
1.非谓语中的主语和主句中的主语是一致的：
2.但是独立主格却和主句主语不一样,因此是独立的主 格. eg: The woman look around the shop , keeping an eye on her baby.
Spring coming, the flowers are coming out.
2. The signal given, the train started. 时间
3. The children were making a snowman, hands red with
cold. 伴随
4. He sat in the chair, book in hand and pipe in mouth.
Th_e_q_u_e_s_t_io__n_b_e_i_n_g_d__is_c_u_s_s_e_d, a man came up with a practical solution.(正讨论这个问题时)
4
大多数的独立主格结构可以用“with +宾语+宾语补足语” 来代替。
1） He lay there, his hands behind his head.(= with his hands behind his head)
7
3.动词-ed 形式构成的独立主格结构（是由逻辑主语+动词 -ed形式 构成，常做时间、原因、伴随、条件状语）
1)表时间
The task completed , we had a global traveling.
= The task having been completed …= After the task was completed,…
独立主格结构：
形式：n\pron + 其他成分（doing\done \to do \n. \adj.\adv\介词短语）
在语法上是一个独立的短语，不是句子，在意思上依附 于整个句子，相当于状语，表示时间、原因、条件、 或伴随等情况。
1. It being Sunday, they had no classes. 原因
1）。 The football match (being) over , crowds of people poured out into the street. 2).Nobody (being) in, I didn’t enter the hall. 3).All the windows (being) open, the air in the room is fresher. 4).All the tickets(having been) sold out, we had to wait for the next week’s show.
伴随 3
n. \ pron . + doing/ to do/ done
_H__e_b_e_i_n_g_h_o_n__e_s_t ____(因为他很诚实), we like him.
A_ll_t_h_e_w__in_d_o_w__s_c_l_e_a_n_e_d_, I had a good rest.(所有的 窗子都擦完了)
= As the guide led the way,…… 表条件：
Weather permitting, we will go on an outing to the beach now.(= If weather permits…)
Such being the case, you have no grounds for dismissing him.(=If such is the case…)
Hearing the exciting news , everybody was excited.
Having been there many times , he is quite familiar with the place. The policeman entered the dark room , gun in hand. 2