(完整版)中考12选10训练含答案
英语中考 选词填空(12选10讲解练习 含答案
选词填空(12选10)1.命题目的选词填空:在语篇中考查词语运用能力2.解题方法(1)侧重语篇的理解,结合上下文意思去做题。
(2)注意名词单复数变化,注意动词时态变化,注意形容词的比较级和最高级,注意形容词、副词、名词之间的转化。
3.备考建议(1)注意识记词汇表,特别是词汇表中的名词、动词、形容词、副词。
(2)掌握词性之间转化的规律和方法。
4.【题型分析】选词填空:让学生结合上下文和语法知识进行填空,此题型侧重考查单词词形的转化。
如:基数词变序数词,可数名词单数变复数,形容词变副词,形容词、副词的比较级和最高级、动词的时态和语态等。
5.【解题技巧】1.牢记中考词语运用题型中词形转化的常见、常考方式。
(1)名词:可数名词单数变复数。
(2)数词:基数词变序数词。
(3)代词:人称代词的主格、宾格;形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词以及反身代词。
(4)形容词、副词:形容词变副词;形容词、副词的比较级和最高级。
(5)动词:动词的时态和语态。
2.找准标志词,用正确形式填空。
如:one of...就是形容词、副词最高级和名词复数的常见标志。
3.注意单词拼写。
根据句意、固定搭配等去答题。
填冠词要注意定冠词the和不定冠词a、an的选择。
填连词要注意前后两句话的关系。
填介词要注意固定搭配。
例子1根据短文内容,选择适当的单词填空,使短文意思完整。
每个选项只用一次,有两项剩余。
My Dear Azhaan,I want you to know that you remind me of myself in so many ways. You are like a better and Improved version(版本) of me. I look at you and I see myself . 1 your eyes. I wish I had that confidence(信心) and even some of your bossiness(霸气) at that age. Yet,I'm also troubled on seeing this confidence 2 disappearing,because you are 3 many different things.I want you to know that your confidence is one of the 4 things about you. All of us admire your confidence. However,you are 5 confident enough these days,because you are beginning to dislike your own body.You are not fat. I agree that you could be a little healthier. You could eat a little less junk food. However,I don't know when you'll begin to enjoy fruits,but I believe that you will.I think one of the moments of 6 for me was when you were born,and the doctor said,“Congratulations,you have another baby boy,” not because you were a boy but because you were healthy.You're too young to understand this 7 no one realizes the importance of a normal life 8 it is away from them. What I 9 for you is happiness: the understanding that you are not perfect and that it is okay because none of us is!Stay confident and keep your head 10 ,my little boy-who is growing up too soon!Love,Ammi1.【答案】in【解析】考查介词,根据your eyes,结合选项,可知此处是讲在你眼里,在某人的眼里,介词用in,故填写in2.【答案】slowly【解析】考查副词,根据I'm also troubled on seeing this confidence,结合选项,可知此处是讲然而,看到这种自信慢慢消失,我也很不安,slowly慢慢地修饰disappearing,故填写slowly3.【答案】facing【解析】考查动词,根据many different things ,结合选项,可知此处是讲因为你正面临许多不同的事情,be doing表示现在正在进行的动作,用动名词形式,故填写facing4.【答案】best【解析】考查形容词,根据I want you to know that your confidence ,结合选项,可知此处是讲我想让你知道,你的自信是你最大的优点之一,故填写best5.【答案】not【解析】考查副词,根据because you are beginning to dislike your own body因为你开始不喜欢自己的身体,结合选项,可知此处是讲然而,这些天你不够自信,故填写not6【答案】happiness;考查名词,根据the doctor said,"Congratulations,you have another baby boy," not because you were a boy but because you were healthy医生说,"祝贺你,你又有了一个男婴",不是因为你是个男孩,而是因为你很健康,结合选项,可知孩子出生,母亲应该是很幸福的,此处是讲我想对我来说幸福的时刻之一是你出生的时候,故填写happiness7.【答案】now【解析】考查副词,根据You're too young 你太年轻了,结合选项,可知此处是讲你太年轻了,现在无法理解这一点,故填写now8.【答案】until【解析】考查连词,根据no one realizes the importance of a normal life没有人意识到正常生活的重要性,结合选项,可知此处是讲直到健康远离他们,not……until没有……直到,符合语境,故填写until9.【答案】want【解析】考查动词,根据for you is happiness,结合选项,可知此处是讲我想要你是幸福的,故填写want 10.【答案】high【解析】考查形容词,根据Stay confident保持自信,结合选项,可知此处是讲保持高昂的头,故填写high专题训练一根据短文内容,选择适当的单词填空,使短文意思完整。
(完整版)中考12选10训练含答案
十二选十训练题1、pt / hard / change / up / before / win / happen / down / choose / practice / come / partLife is not easy, so I ' d like to say, “ when anything ________ , believe in yourself ”boy, I was too shy to speak to anyone. My classmates ofte n laughed ________ m e. I was sad but could do nothing. Later, somethi ng happe ned, and it ________ m y life. It was an En glish speech con test.. My mother asked me to take _______ in it. What a terrible idea! It meant I had to speak _________ a ll the teachers and stude nts of my school!“ Come on, boy. Believe inyourself! You are sure to ________ . ” Then my mother and I talked aboi many different topics. At last I _______ the topic “ Believe in yourself ” . I tried my best to re speech and ________ it over 100 times. At last, I did well in the con test. I could _______ believe my earswhen the n ews came that I had won the first place. I heard the cheers from the teachers and stude nts. Those classmates who once looked ________ on me now all said con gratulati ons to me.2、good / breakfast / because / where / only / with / care / why / us / sad / help / dlH^erShe is Amy, a middle school student in Anhui, one of the -at- home chilstayn ” in town. Amy is 12 years old and lives _________________ her sister. Her parents left home to make money in big cities when shewas ________ four. Amy has to take ___________ of her younger sister. They have to stay at homealone _________ t hey have to go to school in tow n.“I used to feel ________ w ithout my parents at home, ” she said, “but nthey dnoo. They have to go away to make money for ________ so that we can live a better life. ”Every day, Amy gets up at 6:30 am and cooks ________ . After breakfast, the two girls go to school.They have supper at 6:00 pm. The n Amy does housework and ________ her sister with her homework. She usually goes to bed at 9:30 pm.Though busy, Amy is still the _______ student in her class. She said, My life is OK. But I s till hopemy pare nts will come back and live with us. ”3、care / walk / forget / back / while / foot / surprise / necessary / both / all / why / work“ Sorry ” is a word that people in Britain often say in their daily life.One day while I was __________ in the street, a young man ran by hurriedly, brushing against my handbag. He continued his way, but turned ___________ and said “ sorry to me. Even in a rush, hedidn ' t to say “ sorry ” . Another day , after I bought some bananas, the shopkeeper was passing the change, but I wasn' tready for it and a coin dropped onto the ground. “ Sorry,madam” he said bending to pick it up. I was ___________________________ that he said" sorry ” to me. Another time, I stepped on a man s _________ at the entrance to a cinema. At the same time, we ________ s aid “ sorry ”.Slowly, I got to know that when something unpleasant happens in daily life, the Britishdon' t _________ much about who is wron g. If some one is in trouble, a “ sorry ” is always ___ that is ________ I seldom see people quarrel on the buses or in the streets in Brita in.4、book / finish / be / one / great / will / live / from / dream / move / end / wishA little girl called Fan Yi has caught many people ' s attention recently. The little writerstory, Swordbird, was on New York Times ' bestseller list for children ' s fiction.Fan Yi was born in Beijing in 1997. She _________ hersecond grade of primary school in Beijing.She ________ to the USA with her pare nts at the age of 7. She was shown _______ in terest in birds since she was a little girl.When Fan ________ study ing America n history at school, she read many articles about the September 11 Attacks. She wan ted all people to __________ in peace together. Around that time, she had a(n)________ one ni ght. In the dream, some birds fought with each other. Fan got an idea _______ the dream and tur ned it into a story .In it , she showed her idea of peace in the world.In the future, Fan will write more __________ for the Swordbird series. Will she become anotherJ.K.RowIi ng ? We _______ wait and see.5、way / disease / them / online / instead of / doctor / through / increase / show / only / study / computerMore and more people are beco ming in terested in the In ternet. They have formed a bad habit. In fact, the bad habit has become a ___________ --Internet Addiciti on Disorder. Staying _______ f or more tha n six hoursa day ________ working or study ing, and feeli ng very upset from not being able to get on li ne, are the two major symptoms of IAD.Internet additi on is _______ in Chi na now. A rece nt research _______ that 42% of young Chin ese people get quite in terested in the Web, while on ly 18% of America ns feel in the same _______ .What caused IAD ? Some people believe that it ' s the lack of family care. Most children in China the _________ o n esi n their families. They are only told to _________ h ard, but few really care about theirpers onal in terest. So some childre n would like to keep ______ a way from the real world.How can people stay away from IAD ? Don' tget online anymore, go back to the real world. If it doesn' t work, go to see a _____________________ . Let ' s enjoy our life and stay away from IAD.& to, must, ask, unusual, it, when, early, who, notice, if, can, makeMy n ame is Jim White. I live in America. I had a very _______ experie nee on Sun day. I saw a UFO in the daytime. _________ t his spri ng, I went outside with my friend Bill _______ lived closed to me. We werewalk ing to a hill _______ I saw a large bright light dancing in the sky. I called Bill and asked him to lookup. He kept ________ , “ What is that? ”“ A UFO!” I shouted excitedly. I ______ it was round anc the cen ter.After we looked at for a mome nt, we found it had win gs, but it was still round. Bill would notbelieve me when I told him it _______ be a UFO. We shouted ________ it and we wished that it wouldland. We wan ted to kno w there was an alie n in it. But soon it disappeared. I guessed we scared it off.7、he, the, grow, high, un til, one, fail, loud, speech, whe n, speak, passSir Edmund Hillary was the first man to climb Mount Everest. On May 29, 1953, he climbed and measured________________ h ighest mou ntai n and the n it was known to the worl—29,000 feet straight up. He was spoken ________ of for his efforts whe n he came back. He eve n made advertiseme nts for big compa ni es. However, ________ w e read his bookHigh Adventure, we don ' t understand that Sir Edmund Hillary had to grow into this success.You see, in 1952 he tried to climb Mount Everest, but ___________ . A few weeks later a group in England asked him to give a _________________ to its members. Hillary was given a warmwelcome _________ w alking on stage. People there thought of him as a hero, but Edmund Hillarysaw ________ a s a failure. He moved away from the microph one and walked to the side of the stage.He lifted one hand and poin ted at a picture of the moun tai n. He said in a _______ voice, “ Mount Everest, you beat me the _______ time, but I ' ll beat you the next time because you ' ve__ grow, but I ' ll still growing! ”8、f irst, use, be, ano ther, buy, ope n, whe n, do, talk, but also, touch, in stead of“ Thank you ” is widely _______ i n a modern society. It is a very good manner. You should say________ others help you or say someth ing kind to you. For example, whe n someone ______ the door for you, whe n some one says you have done your work well, whe n some one says you have ________ a niceshirt, or your city _________ very beautiful you should say “ Thankyou” .“ Thankyou” is used not only betwee n frie nds, ________ b etwee n pare nts and childre n, brothers and sisters, husba nds and wives.“ Excuse me ” is ______ p oliteness formula. We use it as the same as “ Thank you ” .Wsome one say so behi nd you, you ' d know that somebody wants to walk past you without ou.lt isy not polite to in terrupt others while they are ___________________ . If you want to have a word with one of them, pleasesay “ Excuse me ” ___________ , and the n beg in to talk. You should also do so whe n you want to cough or make any unpleasant noise before other Let ' s say “ Thank you ” and “ Excuse me ” on the right occa,9、any way, impossible, succeed, ano ther, no, six, on ce, pla n, after, because, what, discbverWhen he decided to produce his V-8 motor, Henry Ford chose to make an eight-cylinder engine-block in one piece. But the engin eers said that was _____________ .Ford sad, “ Produce it ________ . ”“ But, ” they replied, “ it is impossible. ”“ Goahead, ” Ford said, “andstay on the job until you __________ , no matter how much time is required. ”Six mon ths passed and nothing happe ned. Ano ther _________ mon ths passed, and still nothinghappe ned. The engin eers tried every possible ______ to carry out the orders, but it seemed impossible.At the end of the year, the engin eers told Ford they had found _______ way to carry out his orders.“Go right ahead, ” said Ford, “I want it, and I ' ll have it. ”They went ahead, and then, as if by a stroke of magic, the secret was________________ . Ford hadwon _______ more!Henry Ford was successful __________ o neof his principles of success is that hebelieves ________ h e wan ts.10、opportunity, difficulty, great, be, experienee, pass, boring, different, volunteer, surprise, time, agreeStude nt life is not what it used to be. There are a lot of subjects to lear n and differe nt tests _______ . Itnot that students say they don' thave time to volunteer! However, volunteering isn ' tas ________ as you think.There are lots of volunteering ________ . They allow you to do as much or as little as you choose. Time canbe ________ with the orga ni zatio ns. Many of them are grateful for eve n one hour a week.Think about it, the time you give ____________ always worth more in the long run. The effects to the community are much ________ than the hours you give. For example, if you spend an hour with a childhelpi ng them to read, it will make a great _______ in his or her life.And th ink of what volun teeri ng can do for you; you will get ____________ and learn importa nt skills inthe ________ work. A few hours in volun teeri ng now will help you in the future.11、example, mean, most, also, other, around, eat, movie, it, and, much, overMost of us have probably heard of Mickey Mouse, Donald Duck, and many ___________ famous Disney characters. Perhaps we have see n them in ______ . But have you ever bee n to Disn eyla nd? In fact, there are now several differe nt Disn eyla nd amuseme nt parks _____ t he world.Disn eyla nd is an amuseme nt park, but we can _____ call it a theme park . It has all the no rmal attracti onsthat you can find at an amusementpark, but ________ also has a theme. The theme, of course, is aboutDisney movies and Disney characters. For _______ , you can find a roller coaster in _______ a museme nt parks, but in Disn eyla nd, the theme of the roller coaster is about Disney characters. This ______ that youcan find Disney characters all over the roller coaster. You can also watch Disney movies, ___________ in Disney restaurants, ________ buy Disney gifts. And you can see Disney characters walking aroundDisn eyla nd all the time!12、they, free, un til, busy, quite, well, fini sh, lear n, I uck, eno ugh, many, mudhMost people have their jobs. They go to work n early every day. Some people are ______ . They either have very interesting jobs or make a lot of money. Most people are not so lucky. Their jobs are not very interesting and they don' make _____________________ money.The most interesting jobs are often the most difficult.People spe nd a long time ______ how to do them. Doctors study for at least six years after _______ school. Some young people have in terest ing and high-pay ing jobs. Many young players do their work successfully. Football and tennis stars are usually under 35 years old. Older people usually cannot play these sports very . They cannot move fast ___________________ . Golf, however, is a good sport for older people. Many golf players are _______ old, but they can play it successfully.Most people work they are 60 or 65 years old. Then they retire and have a lot of time.Some people n ever retire though. These people usually have very in terest ing jobs. Writers, artists, scie ntists and actors usually work un til they die. Their work is _________ life.13、old, shoe, stand, foot, pick, small, feel, clear, need, use, young, lookOne day, while I was sitting in my car in a parking area, I noticed a young boy in front of my car. hat is the boy doing ” ? I asked myself. “ Oh, he is _____________________ up a coin from the ground. ” When he_ saw each other _______ . He was no t tha n ten and was weari ng one blue glove and one brow n glove. His coat was too _______ for him.As he walked away, I saw his ________ , which were too old to wear. I rolled dow n my wi ndow and calledhim over.I asked him if he ______ some money. He replied, “ No, that ' s ok. ”The park ing area was wet. I could tell that his ______ were cold because he kept movi ng his weight fromone foot to the other.“ Please, I "held out a five-dollar bill, “ it n oi much, but when the money is shared, it is much more .He took off one of his gloves and took the money from my hand. His small hand was red and cold.He smiled and went away after saying “ Thank you ” to me. That smile made me ________ warm in the win ter.14、mean, take, wash, look at, on, slow, clean, while, when, you, boy, ch ldBob lived in a small town. Later, he got a job in a big city so he had to move there with his wife and two ._______ the first Saturday in their new home, Bob ____________ his new red car out of the garage.He _______ it when a neighbor came by. _______ he saw Bob ' s car, the neighbor stopped and ____ for a min ute. The n Bob tur ned and saw him.The neighbor said, “That' s a nice car. Is it ________ ? ”“ Sometimes, ” Bob answered.The neighbor was puzzled. “ Sometimes?” he asked, “what do you ___________ ? ”Bob answered ________ , “Wellwhen there 'a^arty in town, it belongs to my daughter. When there 'asfootball game somewhere, it belongs to my son. When I ' ve washed it, anah i ceookd really ,it belongs to my wife. And when it is dirty, it ' s mine. ”great, such, place, buy, with, spend, for, use, five, way, because soHi, every on e. I ' vbee n in Xuzhou for over a week now. I ' nhav ing a ____________ t ime. Duri ng thefirst _______ days I visited some tourist attractio ns---Y un Io ng Lake, Yulo ng Hill, Guisha n Han Tomb, etc. Most were crowded with tourists, so yesterday I went shopp ing and I _________ somesouve nirs. Today I went to an in teresti ng art gallery. I got lost on my ______ back to the hotel, but it did n ---1' t mat found really good market _______ lots of small shops. I ate in the hotel the first ni ght, but usually I go outand have dinner in a restaura nt the food is fan tastic. I ' ve ________ a lot of mon ey, b worth it. I like people in Xuzhou. They are _______ nice people! I ' ve taken many photos so yo see _______ yourself whe n I come back home n ext Wed nesday. See you the n!【参考答案】1、h appens / at / changed / part / before / win / chose / practiced / hardly / down2、with / only / care / because / sad / why / us / breakfast / helps / best3、w alking / back / forget / while / surprised / foot / both / care / necessary / why4、first / fini shed / moved / great / was / live / dream / from / books / will5、diesase / online / instead of / increasing / shows / way / only / study / themselves / doctor6、unusual / Early / who / when / asking / noticed / it / must / to / if7、the / highly / until / failed / speech / when / himself / loud / first / grown8、used / whe n / ope ns / bought / is / but also / ano ther / touch ing / talk ing / first9、impossible / any way / succeed / six / pla n / ano ther / discovered / once / because / what10、to pass / surprising / difficult / opportunities / agreed / boring / greater / difference / experience/ volun teer11、other / movies / around / also / it / example / most / means / eat / and12、lucky / much / lear ning / finishing / well / eno ugh / quite / un til / free / their13、picking / stood / clearly / older / small / shoes / needed / feet / useful / feel14、children / on / took / was washing / when / looked at / yours / mean / slowly / clean15、great / five / places / bought / way / with / because / spent / such / for5。
2022学年福建省各地中考数学模拟精编试卷(含答案解析)
2022学年福建省各地中考数学模拟精编试卷注意事项1.考试结束后,请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回.2.答题前,请务必将自己的姓名、准考证号用0.5毫米黑色墨水的签字笔填写在试卷及答题卡的规定位置.3.请认真核对监考员在答题卡上所粘贴的条形码上的姓名、准考证号与本人是否相符.4.作答选择题,必须用2B铅笔将答题卡上对应选项的方框涂满、涂黑;如需改动,请用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案.作答非选择题,必须用05毫米黑色墨水的签字笔在答题卡上的指定位置作答,在其他位置作答一律无效.5.如需作图,须用2B铅笔绘、写清楚,线条、符号等须加黑、加粗.一、选择题(本大题共12个小题,每小题4分,共48分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的.)1.下列计算正确的是()A.a2•a3=a5B.2a+a2=3a3C.(﹣a3)3=a6D.a2÷a=22.学校小组5名同学的身高(单位:cm)分别为:147,156,151,152,159,则这组数据的中位数是().A.147B.151C.152D.1563.一、单选题如图,几何体是由3个大小完全一样的正方体组成的,它的左视图是()A.B.C.D.4.某同学将自己7次体育测试成绩(单位:分)绘制成折线统计图,则该同学7次测试成绩的众数和中位数分别是()A.50和48 B.50和47 C.48和48 D.48和435.对于一组统计数据:1,6,2,3,3,下列说法错误的是( )A.平均数是3 B.中位数是3 C.众数是3 D.方差是2.56.下列方程有实数根的是()A.420x+=B221x-=-C .x+2x−1=0D .111x x x =-- 7.下列各式属于最简二次根式的有( ) A .8B .21x +C .3yD .128.已知a ,b ,c 在数轴上的位置如图所示,化简|a+c|-|a-2b|-|c+2b|的结果是( )A .4b+2cB .0C .2cD .2a+2c9.如图,在平行四边形ABCD 中,E 是边CD 上一点,将△ADE 沿AE 折叠至△AD′E 处,AD′与CE 交于点F ,若∠B=52°,∠DAE=20°,则∠FED′的度数为( )A .40°B .36°C .50°D .45°10.下列各数中,比﹣1大1的是( ) A .0 B .1 C .2 D .﹣311.2019年4月份,某市市区一周空气质量报告中某项污染指数的数据是:31,35,31,34,30,32,31,这组数据的中位数、众数分别是( ) A .32,31B .31,32C .31,31D .32,3512.已知二次函数2y ax bx c =++的图象与x 轴交于点()2,0-、()1,0x ,且112x <<,与y 轴的正半轴的交点在()0,2的下方.下列结论:①420a b c -+=;②0a b c -+<;③20a c +>;④210a b -+>.其中正确结论的个数是( )个. A .4个B .3个C .2个D .1个二、填空题:(本大题共6个小题,每小题4分,共24分.) 13.不等式组42348x x -+<⎧⎨-≤⎩①②的解集是_____.14.计算:|﹣3|+(﹣1)2= .15.如图,10块相同的长方形墙砖拼成一个长方形,设长方形墙砖的长为x 厘米,则依题意列方程为_________.16.江苏省的面积约为101 600km1,这个数据用科学记数法可表示为_______km1.17.抛物线y=(x+1)2 - 2的顶点坐标是______ .18.在10个外观相同的产品中,有2个不合格产品,现从中任意抽取1个进行检测,抽到合格产品的概率是.三、解答题:(本大题共9个小题,共78分,解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤.19.(6分)如图,一次函数y=ax+b的图象与反比例函数kyx=的图象交于A,B两点,与X轴交于点C,与Y轴交于点D,已知10OA=,A(n,1),点B的坐标为(﹣2,m)(1)求反比例函数的解析式和一次函数的解析式;(2)连结BO,求△AOB的面积;(3)观察图象直接写出一次函数的值大于反比例函数的值时x的取值范围是.20.(6分)如图,已知二次函数y=﹣x2+bx+c(b,c为常数)的图象经过点A(3,1),点C(0,4),顶点为点M,过点A作AB∥x轴,交y轴于点D,交该二次函数图象于点B,连结BC.(1)求该二次函数的解析式及点M的坐标;(2)若将该二次函数图象向下平移m(m>0)个单位,使平移后得到的二次函数图象的顶点落在△ABC的内部(不包括△ABC的边界),求m的取值范围;(3)点P是直线AC上的动点,若点P,点C,点M所构成的三角形与△BCD相似,请直接写出所有点P的坐标(直接写出结果,不必写解答过程).21.(6分)如图,在平面直角坐标系xOy 中,直线16y k x =+与函数()20k y x x=>的图象的两个交点分别为A (1,5),B .(1)求1k ,2k 的值;(2)过点P (n ,0)作x 轴的垂线,与直线16y k x =+和函数()20k y x x=>的图象的交点分别为点M ,N ,当点M 在点N 下方时,写出n 的取值范围.22.(8分)已知2是关于x 的方程x 2﹣2mx +3m =0的一个根,且这个方程的两个根恰好是等腰△ABC 的两条边长,则△ABC 的周长为_____.23.(8分)计算:2sin60°﹣(π﹣2)0+(__)-1+|1﹣3|.24.(10分)随着信息技术的快速发展,“互联网+”渗透到我们日常生活的各个领域,网上在线学习交流已不再是梦,现有某教学网站策划了A ,B 两种上网学习的月收费方式: 收费方式 月使用费/元 包时上网时间/h 超时费/(元/min) A 7 25 0.01 Bmn0.01设每月上网学习时间为x 小时,方案A ,B 的收费金额分别为y A ,y B .(1)如图是y B 与x 之间函数关系的图象,请根据图象填空:m = ;n = ; (2)写出y A 与x 之间的函数关系式; (3)选择哪种方式上网学习合算,为什么.25.(10分)如图,在平面直角坐标系中,矩形DOBC 的顶点O 与坐标原点重合,B 、D 分别在坐标轴上,点C 的坐标为(6,4),反比例函数y=1k x(x >0)的图象经过线段OC 的中点A ,交DC 于点E ,交BC 于点F . (1)求反比例函数的解析式; (2)求△OEF 的面积;(3)设直线EF 的解析式为y=k 2x+b ,请结合图象直接写出不等式k 2x+b >1k x的解集.26.(12分)某市为了解本地七年级学生寒假期间参加社会实践活动情况,随机抽查了部分七年级学生寒假参加社会实践活动的天数(“A ﹣﹣﹣不超过5天”、“B ﹣﹣﹣6天”、“C ﹣﹣﹣7天”、“D ﹣﹣﹣8天”、“E ﹣﹣﹣9天及以上”),并将得到的数据绘制成如下两幅不完整的统计图.请根据以上的信息,回答下列问题: (1)补全扇形统计图和条形统计图;(2)所抽查学生参加社会实践活动天数的众数是 (选填:A 、B 、C 、D 、E );(3)若该市七年级约有2000名学生,请你估计参加社会实践“活动天数不少于7天”的学生大约有多少人? 27.(12分)已知关于x 的一元二次方程x 2﹣(m+3)x+m+2=1. (1)求证:无论实数m 取何值,方程总有两个实数根; (2)若方程有一个根的平方等于4,求m 的值.2022学年模拟测试卷参考答案(含详细解析)一、选择题(本大题共12个小题,每小题4分,共48分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的.)1、A【答案解析】直接利用合并同类项法则以及积的乘方运算法则、整式的除法运算法则分别计算得出答案.【题目详解】A、a2•a3=a5,故此选项正确;B、2a+a2,无法计算,故此选项错误;C、(-a3)3=-a9,故此选项错误;D、a2÷a=a,故此选项错误;故选A.【答案点睛】此题主要考查了合并同类项以及积的乘方运算、整式的除法运算,正确掌握相关运算法则是解题关键.2、C【答案解析】根据中位数的定义进行解答【题目详解】将5名同学的身高按从高到矮的顺序排列:159、156、152、151、147,因此这组数据的中位数是152.故选C.【答案点睛】本题主要考查中位数,解题的关键是熟练掌握中位数的定义:一组数据按从小到大(或从大到小)的顺序依次排列,处在中间位置的一个数(或最中间两个数据的平均数)称为中位数.3、D【答案解析】测试卷分析:观察几何体,可知该几何体是由3个大小完全一样的正方体组成的,它的左视图是,故答案选D.考点:简单几何体的三视图.4、A【答案解析】由折线统计图,可得该同学7次体育测试成绩,进而求出众数和中位数即可.【题目详解】由折线统计图,得:42,43,47,48,49,50,50, 7次测试成绩的众数为50,中位数为48, 故选:A .【答案点睛】本题考查了众数和中位数,解题的关键是利用折线统计图获取有效的信息. 5、D 【答案解析】根据平均数、中位数、众数和方差的定义逐一求解可得. 【题目详解】 解:A 、平均数为=3,正确;B 、重新排列为1、2、3、3、6,则中位数为3,正确;C 、众数为3,正确;D 、方差为×[(1-3)2+(6-3)2+(2-3)2+(3-3)2+(3-3)2]=2.8,错误; 故选:D . 【答案点睛】本题考查了众数、平均数、中位数、方差.平均数平均数表示一组数据的平均程度.中位数是将一组数据从小到大(或从大到小)重新排列后,最中间的那个数(或最中间两个数的平均数);方差是用来衡量一组数据波动大小的量. 6、C 【答案解析】分析:根据方程解的定义,一一判断即可解决问题;详解:A .∵x 4>0,∴x 4+2=0无解;故本选项不符合题意; B 22x -≥022x -=﹣1无解,故本选项不符合题意;C .∵x 2+2x ﹣1=0,△=8=4=12>0,方程有实数根,故本选项符合题意;D .解分式方程1x x -=11x -,可得x =1,经检验x =1是分式方程的增根,故本选项不符合题意. 故选C .点睛:本题考查了无理方程、根的判别式、高次方程、分式方程等知识,解题的关键是熟练掌握基本知识,属于中考常考题型. 7、B 【答案解析】先根据二次根式的性质化简,再根据最简二次根式的定义判断即可.【题目详解】A=A选项错误;B B选项正确;C=D=D选项错误;故选:B.【答案点睛】考查了对最简二次根式的定义的理解,能理解最简二次根式的定义是解此题的关键.8、A【答案解析】由数轴上点的位置得:b<a<0<c,且|b|>|c|>|a|,∴a+c>0,a−2b>0,c+2b<0,则原式=a+c−a+2b+c+2b=4b +2c.故选:B.点睛:本题考查了整式的加减以及数轴,涉及的知识有:去括号法则以及合并同类项法则,熟练掌握运算法则是解本题的关键.9、B【答案解析】由平行四边形的性质得出∠D=∠B=52°,由折叠的性质得:∠D′=∠D=52°,∠EAD′=∠DAE=20°,由三角形的外角性质求出∠AEF=72°,与三角形内角和定理求出∠AED′=108°,即可得出∠FED′的大小.【题目详解】∵四边形ABCD是平行四边形,∴∠D=∠B=52°,由折叠的性质得:∠D′=∠D=52°,∠EAD′=∠DAE=20°,∴∠AEF=∠D+∠DAE=52°+20°=72°,∠AED′=180°﹣∠EAD′﹣∠D′=108°,∴∠FED′=108°﹣72°=36°.故选B.【答案点睛】本题考查了平行四边形的性质、折叠的性质、三角形的外角性质以及三角形内角和定理;熟练掌握平行四边形的性质和折叠的性质,求出∠AEF 和∠AED ′是解决问题的关键. 10、A 【答案解析】用-1加上1,求出比-1大1的是多少即可. 【题目详解】 ∵-1+1=1, ∴比-1大1的是1. 故选:A . 【答案点睛】本题考查了有理数加法的运算,解题的关键是要熟练掌握: “先符号,后绝对值”. 11、C 【答案解析】分析:找中位数要把数据按从小到大的顺序排列,位于最中间的一个数(或两个数的平均数)为中位数;众数是一组数据中出现次数最多的数据,注意众数可以不只一个.解答:解:从小到大排列此数据为:30、1、1、1、32、34、35,数据1出现了三次最多为众数,1处在第4位为中位数.所以本题这组数据的中位数是1,众数是1. 故选C . 12、B 【答案解析】分析:根据已知画出图象,把x =−2代入得:4a −2b +c =0,把x =−1代入得:y =a −b +c >0,根据122cx x a⋅=<-,不等式的两边都乘以a (a <0)得:c >−2a ,由4a −2b +c =0得22c a b -=-,而0<c <2,得到102c-<-<即可求出2a −b +1>0. 详解:根据二次函数y =ax 2+bx +c 的图象与x 轴交于点(−2,0)、(x 1,0),且1<x 1<2,与y 轴的正半轴的交点在(0,2)的下方,画出图象为:如图把x =−2代入得:4a −2b +c =0,∴①正确;把x =−1代入得:y =a −b +c >0,如图A 点,∴②错误;∵(−2,0)、(x 1,0),且1<x 1,∴取符合条件1<x 1<2的任何一个x 1,−2⋅x 1<−2, ∴由一元二次方程根与系数的关系知122cx x a⋅=<-, ∴不等式的两边都乘以a (a <0)得:c >−2a , ∴2a +c >0,∴③正确;④由4a −2b +c =0得22c a b -=-, 而0<c <2,∴102c-<-< ∴−1<2a −b <0 ∴2a −b +1>0, ∴④正确.所以①③④三项正确. 故选B.点睛:属于二次函数综合题,考查二次函数图象与系数的关系, 二次函数图象上点的坐标特征, 抛物线与x 轴的交点,属于常考题型.二、填空题:(本大题共6个小题,每小题4分,共24分.) 13、2<x≤1 【答案解析】本题可根据不等式组分别求出每一个不等式的解集,然后即可确定不等式组的解集. 【题目详解】 由①得x >2, 由②得x≤1,∴不等式组的解集为2<x≤1. 故答案为:2<x≤1. 【答案点睛】此题主要考查了一元一次不等式组解集的求法,其简便求法就是用口诀求解,求不等式组解集的口诀:同大取大,同小取小,大小小大中间找,大大小小找不到(无解). 14、4. 【答案解析】 |﹣3|+(﹣1)2=4, 故答案为4.15、x+23x=75.【答案解析】测试卷解析:设长方形墙砖的长为x厘米,可得:x+23x=75.16、1.016×105【答案解析】科学记数法就是将一个数字表示成(a×10的n次幂的形式),其中1≤|a|<10,n表示整数.n为整数位数减1,即从左边第一位开始,在首位非零的后面加上小数点,再乘以10的n次幂,【题目详解】解:101 600=1.016×105故答案为:1.016×105【答案点睛】本题考查科学计数法,掌握概念正确表示是本题的解题关键.17、(-1,-2)【答案解析】测试卷分析:因为y=(x+1)2﹣2是抛物线的顶点式,根据顶点式的坐标特点可知,顶点坐标为(﹣1,﹣2),故答案为(﹣1,﹣2).考点:二次函数的性质.18、4 5【答案解析】测试卷分析:根据概率的意义,用符合条件的数量除以总数即可,即1024 105-=.考点:概率三、解答题:(本大题共9个小题,共78分,解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤.19、(1)y=3x;y=12x﹣12;(2)54;(1)﹣2<x<0或x>1;【答案解析】(1)过A作AM⊥x轴于M,根据勾股定理求出OM,得出A的坐标,把A得知坐标代入反比例函数的解析式求出解析式,吧B的坐标代入求出B的坐标,吧A、B的坐标代入一次函数的解析式,即可求出解析式.(2)求出直线AB交y轴的交点坐标,即可求出OD,根据三角形面积公式求出即可.(1)根据A、B的横坐标结合图象即可得出答案.【题目详解】解:(1)过A作AM⊥x轴于M,则AM=1,OA=,由勾股定理得:OM=1,即A的坐标是(1,1),把A的坐标代入y=得:k=1,即反比例函数的解析式是y=.把B(﹣2,n)代入反比例函数的解析式得:n=﹣,即B的坐标是(﹣2,﹣),把A、B的坐标代入y=ax+b得:,解得:k=.b=﹣,即一次函数的解析式是y=x﹣.(2)连接OB,∵y=x﹣,∴当x=0时,y=﹣,即OD=,∴△AOB的面积是S△BOD+S△AOD=××2+××1=.(1)一次函数的值大于反比例函数的值时x 的取值范围是﹣2<x <0或x >1,故答案为﹣2<x <0或x >1.【答案点睛】本题考查了一次函数与反比例函数的交点问题以及用待定系数法求函数的解析式,函数的图象的应用.熟练掌握相关知识是解题关键.20、(1)y=﹣x 2+2x+4;M (1,5);(2)2<m <4;(3)P 1(311,31),P 2(313,31 ),P 3(3,1),P 4(﹣3,7). 【答案解析】测试卷分析:(1)将点A 、点C 的坐标代入函数解析式,即可求出b 、c 的值,通过配方法得到点M 的坐标;(2)点M 是沿着对称轴直线x=1向下平移的,可先求出直线AC 的解析式,将x=1代入求出点M 在向下平移时与AC 、AB 相交时y 的值,即可得到m 的取值范围;(3)由题意分析可得∠MCP=90°,则若△PCM 与△BCD 相似,则要进行分类讨论,分成△PCM ∽△BDC 或△PCM ∽△CDB 两种,然后利用边的对应比值求出点坐标.测试卷解析:(1)把点A (3,1),点C (0,4)代入二次函数y=﹣x 2+bx+c 得, 解得 ∴二次函数解析式为y=﹣x 2+2x+4, 配方得y=﹣(x ﹣1)2+5,∴点M 的坐标为(1,5);(2)设直线AC 解析式为y=kx+b ,把点A (3,1),C (0,4)代入得, 解得:∴直线AC 的解析式为y=﹣x+4,如图所示,对称轴直线x=1与△ABC 两边分别交于点E 、点F把x=1代入直线AC 解析式y=﹣x+4解得y=3,则点E 坐标为(1,3),点F 坐标为(1,1)∴1<5﹣m <3,解得2<m <4;(3)连接MC ,作MG ⊥y 轴并延长交AC 于点N ,则点G 坐标为(0,5) ∵MG=1,GC=5﹣4=1∴MC==, 把y=5代入y=﹣x+4解得x=﹣1,则点N 坐标为(﹣1,5),∵NG=GC ,GM=GC , ∴∠NCG=∠GCM=45°, ∴∠NCM=90°,由此可知,若点P 在AC 上,则∠MCP=90°,则点D 与点C 必为相似三角形对应点①若有△PCM ∽△BDC ,则有∵BD=1,CD=3, ∴CP===, ∵CD=DA=3, ∴∠DCA=45°,若点P 在y 轴右侧,作PH ⊥y 轴, ∵∠PCH=45°,CP=∴PH== 把x=代入y=﹣x+4,解得y=, ∴P 1();同理可得,若点P 在y 轴左侧,则把x=﹣代入y=﹣x+4,解得y= ∴P 2();②若有△PCM ∽△CDB ,则有 ∴CP==3 ∴PH=3÷=3, 若点P 在y 轴右侧,把x=3代入y=﹣x+4,解得y=1;若点P 在y 轴左侧,把x=﹣3代入y=﹣x+4,解得y=7∴P 3(3,1);P 4(﹣3,7).∴所有符合题意得点P 坐标有4个,分别为P 1(),P 2(),P 3(3,1),P 4(﹣3,7).考点:二次函数综合题21、(1)11k =-,25k =;(2)0<n <1或者n >1.【答案解析】(1)利用待定系数法即可解决问题;(2)利用图象法即可解决问题;【题目详解】解:(1)∵A (1,1)在直线16y k x =+上,∴11k =-,∵A (1,1)在()20k y x x =>的图象上,∴25k =.(2)观察图象可知,满足条件的n的值为:0<n<1或者n>1.【答案点睛】此题考查待定系数法求反比例函数与一次函数的解析式,解题关键在于利用数形结合的思想求解.22、11【答案解析】将x=2代入方程找出关于m的一元一次方程,解一元一次方程即可得出m的值,将m的值代入原方程解方程找出方程的解,再根据等腰三角形的性质结合三角形的三边关系即可得出三角形的三条边,根据三角形的周长公式即可得出结论.【题目详解】将x=2代入方程,得:1﹣1m+3m=0,解得:m=1.当m=1时,原方程为x2﹣8x+12=(x﹣2)(x﹣6)=0,解得:x1=2,x2=6,∵2+2=1<6,∴此等腰三角形的三边为6、6、2,∴此等腰三角形的周长C=6+6+2=11.【答案点睛】考点:根与系数的关系;一元二次方程的解;等腰三角形的性质23、3+1【答案解析】根据特殊角的三角函数值、零指数幂的性质、负指数幂的性质以及绝对值的性质分别化简各项后,再根据实数的运算法则计算即可求解.【题目详解】原式=21-1【答案点睛】本题主要考查了实数运算,根据特殊角的三角函数值、零指数幂的性质、负指数幂的性质以及绝对值的性质正确化简各数是解题关键.24、(1)10,50;(2)见解析;(3)当0<x<30时,选择A方式上网学习合算,当x=30时,选择哪种方式上网学习都行,当x>30时,选择B方式上网学习合算.【答案解析】(1)由图象知:m=10,n=50;(2)根据已知条件即可求得y A与x之间的函数关系式为:当x≤25时,y A=7;当x>25时,y A=7+(x﹣25)×0.01;(3)先求出y B与x之间函数关系为:当x≤50时,y B=10;当x>50时,y B=10+(x﹣50)×60×0.01=0.6x﹣20;然后分段求出哪种方式上网学习合算即可.【题目详解】解:(1)由图象知:m=10,n=50;故答案为:10;50;(2)y A与x之间的函数关系式为:当x≤25时,y A=7,当x>25时,y A=7+(x﹣25)×60×0.01,∴y A=0.6x﹣8,∴y A=7(025){0.68(25)xx x<≤->;(3)∵y B与x之间函数关系为:当x≤50时,y B=10,当x>50时,y B=10+(x﹣50)×60×0.01=0.6x﹣20,当0<x≤25时,y A=7,y B=50,∴y A<y B,∴选择A方式上网学习合算,当25<x≤50时.y A=y B,即0.6x﹣8=10,解得;x=30,∴当25<x<30时,y A<y B,选择A方式上网学习合算,当x=30时,y A=y B,选择哪种方式上网学习都行,当30<x≤50,y A >y B ,选择B 方式上网学习合算,当x >50时,∵y A =0.6x ﹣8,y B =0.6x ﹣20,y A >y B ,∴选择B 方式上网学习合算,综上所述:当0<x <30时,y A <y B ,选择A 方式上网学习合算,当x=30时,y A =y B ,选择哪种方式上网学习都行,当x >30时,y A >y B ,选择B 方式上网学习合算.【答案点睛】本题考查一次函数的应用.25、(1)y=6x ;(2)454;(3)32<x <1. 【答案解析】(1)先利用矩形的性质确定C 点坐标(1,4),再确定A 点坐标为(3,2),根据反比例函数图象上点的坐标特征得到k 1=1,即反比例函数解析式为y=6x ;(2)利用反比例函数解析式确定F 点的坐标为(1,1),E 点坐标为(32,4),然后根据△OEF 的面积=S 矩形BCDO ﹣S △ODE ﹣S △OBF ﹣S △CEF 进行计算;(3)观察函数图象得到当32<x <1时,一次函数图象都在反比例函数图象上方,即k 2x+b >1k x . 【题目详解】(1)∵四边形DOBC 是矩形,且点C 的坐标为(1,4),∴OB=1,OD=4,∵点A 为线段OC 的中点,∴A 点坐标为(3,2),∴k 1=3×2=1,∴反比例函数解析式为y=6x ; (2)把x=1代入y=6x得y=1,则F 点的坐标为(1,1); 把y=4代入y=6x 得x=32,则E 点坐标为(32,4), △OEF 的面积=S 矩形BCDO ﹣S △ODE ﹣S △OBF ﹣S △CEF=4×1﹣12×4×32﹣12×1×1﹣12×(1﹣32)×(4﹣1) =454; (3)由图象得:不等式不等式k 2x+b >1k x 的解集为32<x <1. 【答案点睛】本题考查了反比例函数与一次函数的交点问题:求反比例函数与一次函数的交点坐标,把两个函数关系式联立成方程组求解即可.26、(1)见解析;(2)A;(3)800人.【答案解析】(1)用A组人数除以它所占的百分比求出样本容量,利用360°乘以对应的百分比即可求得扇形圆心角的度数,再求得时间是8天的人数,从而补全扇形统计图和条形统计图;(2)根据众数的定义即可求解;(3)利用总人数2000乘以对应的百分比即可求解.【题目详解】解:(1)∵被调查的学生人数为24÷40%=60人,∴D类别人数为60﹣(24+12+15+3)=6人,则D类别的百分比为×100%=10%,补全图形如下:(2)所抽查学生参加社会实践活动天数的众数是A,故答案为:A;(3)估计参加社会实践“活动天数不少于7天”的学生大约有2000×(25%+10%+5%)=800人.【答案点睛】本题考查的是条形统计图和扇形统计图的综合运用,读懂统计图,从不同的统计图中得到必要的信息是解决问题的关键.条形统计图能清楚地表示出每个项目的数据;扇形统计图直接反映部分占总体的百分比大小.27、(1)证明见解析;(2)m 的值为1或﹣2.【答案解析】(1)计算根的判别式的值可得(m+1)2≥1,由此即可证得结论;(2)根据题意得到x=±2 是原方程的根,将其代入列出关于m新方程,通过解新方程求得m的值即可.【题目详解】(1)证明:∵△=[﹣(m+3)]2﹣2(m+2)=(m+1)2≥1,∴无论实数m 取何值,方程总有两个实数根;(2)解:∵方程有一个根的平方等于2,∴x=±2 是原方程的根,当x=2 时,2﹣2(m+3)+m+2=1.解得m=1;当x=﹣2 时,2+2(m+3)+m+2=1,解得m=﹣2.综上所述,m 的值为1 或﹣2.【答案点睛】本题考查了根的判别式及一元二次方程的解的定义,在解答(2)时要分类讨论,这是此题的易错点.。
2022学年重庆育才成功校中考押题数学预测卷(含答案解析)
2022学年重庆育才成功校中考押题数学预测试卷注意事项1.考试结束后,请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回.2.答题前,请务必将自己的姓名、准考证号用0.5毫米黑色墨水的签字笔填写在试卷及答题卡的规定位置.3.请认真核对监考员在答题卡上所粘贴的条形码上的姓名、准考证号与本人是否相符.4.作答选择题,必须用2B铅笔将答题卡上对应选项的方框涂满、涂黑;如需改动,请用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案.作答非选择题,必须用05毫米黑色墨水的签字笔在答题卡上的指定位置作答,在其他位置作答一律无效.5.如需作图,须用2B铅笔绘、写清楚,线条、符号等须加黑、加粗.一、选择题(本大题共12个小题,每小题4分,共48分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的.)1.﹣23的绝对值是()A.﹣322B.﹣23C.23D.3222.如图,在⊙O中,点P是弦AB的中点,CD是过点P的直径,则下列结论:①AB⊥CD;②∠AOB=4∠ACD;③弧AD=弧BD;④PO=PD,其中正确的个数是()A.4 B.1 C.2 D.33.如图,将半径为2的圆形纸片折叠后,圆弧恰好经过圆心O,则折痕AB的长度为()A3B.2 C.3D.(123+4.已知关于x的一元二次方程(a+1)x2+2bx+(a+1)=0有两个相等的实数根,下列判断正确的是()A.1一定不是关于x的方程x2+bx+a=0的根B.0一定不是关于x的方程x2+bx+a=0的根C.1和﹣1都是关于x的方程x2+bx+a=0的根D.1和﹣1不都是关于x的方程x2+bx+a=0的根5.某美术社团为练习素描,他们第一次用120元买了若干本相同的画册,第二次用240元在同一家商店买与上一次相同的画册,这次商家每本优惠4元,结果比上次多买了20本.求第一次买了多少本画册?设第一次买了x本画册,列方程正确的是( )A .120240420x x -=+B .240120420x x -=+C .120240420x x -=-D .240120420x x -=- 6.点A 为数轴上表示-2的动点,当点A 沿数轴移动4个单位长到B 时,点B 所表示的实数是( )A .1B .-6C .2或-6D .不同于以上答案7.3-的倒数是( )A .13- B .3 C .13 D .13± 8.一元二次方程x 2-2x=0的解是( )A .x 1=0,x 2=2B .x 1=1,x 2=2C .x 1=0,x 2=-2D .x 1=1,x 2=-2 9.-2的倒数是( )A .-2B .12-C .12D .210.下列因式分解正确的是( )A .x 2+9=(x+3)2B .a 2+2a+4=(a+2)2C .a 3-4a 2=a 2(a-4)D .1-4x 2=(1+4x )(1-4x ) 11.如图,函数y =kx +b(k≠0)与y =m x (m≠0)的图象交于点A(2,3),B(-6,-1),则不等式kx +b >m x的解集为( )A .602x x <-<<或B .602x x -<或C .2x >D .6x <-12.如图,已知AC 是⊙O 的直径,点B 在圆周上(不与A 、C 重合),点D 在AC 的延长线上,连接BD 交⊙O 于点E ,若∠AOB=3∠ADB ,则( )A .DE=EB B 2DE=EBC 3DE=DOD .DE=OB二、填空题:(本大题共6个小题,每小题4分,共24分.)13.如图,在长方形ABCD 中,AF ⊥BD ,垂足为E ,AF 交BC 于点F ,连接DF .图中有全等三角形_____对,有面积相等但不全等的三角形_____对.14.分解因式:x 2y ﹣y =_____.15.如图所示,平行四边形ABCD 中,E 、F 是对角线BD 上两点,连接AE 、AF 、CE 、CF ,添加 __________条件,可以判定四边形AECF 是平行四边形.(填一个符合要求的条件即可) 16.在平面直角坐标系中,已知线段AB 的两个端点的坐标分别是A(4,-1)、B(1,1),将线段AB 平移后得到线段A′B′,若点A′的坐标为(-2,2),则点B′的坐标为________.17.已知△ABC 中,∠C=90°,AB=9,2cos 3A =,把△ABC 绕着点C 旋转,使得点A 落在点A′,点B 落在点B′.若点A′在边AB 上,则点B 、B′的距离为_____.18.已知圆锥的底面半径为4cm ,母线长为6cm ,则它的侧面展开图的面积等于__________.三、解答题:(本大题共9个小题,共78分,解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤.19.(6分)在Rt △ABC 中,∠BAC=,D 是BC 的中点,E 是AD 的中点.过点A 作AF ∥BC 交BE 的延长线于点F .(1)求证:△AEF ≌△DEB ;(2)证明四边形ADCF 是菱形;(3)若AC=4,AB=5,求菱形ADCFD 的面积.20.(6分)已知,抛物线2:23L y x bx =--(b 为常数).(1)抛物线的顶点坐标为( , )(用含b 的代数式表示);(2)若抛物线L 经过点()2,1M --且与k y x =图象交点的纵坐标为3,请在图1中画出抛物线L 的简图,并求k y x =的函数表达式;(3)如图2,规矩ABCD 的四条边分别平行于坐标轴,1AD =,若抛物线L 经过,A C 两点,且矩形ABCD 在其对称轴的左侧,则对角线AC 的最小值是 .21.(6分)有这样一个问题:探究函数y =316x ﹣2x 的图象与性质. 小东根据学习函数的经验,对函数y =316x ﹣2x 的图象与性质进行了探究. 下面是小东的探究过程,请补充完整:(1)函数y =316x ﹣2x 的自变量x 的取值范围是_______; (2)如表是y 与x 的几组对应值 x … ﹣4 ﹣3.5 ﹣3 ﹣2 ﹣1 0 1 2 3 3.5 4 …y … ﹣83 ﹣748 32 83 116 0 ﹣116 ﹣83 m 748 83 …则m 的值为_______;(3)如图,在平面直角坐标系中,描出了以上表中各对对应值为坐标的点.根据描出的点,画出该函数的图象; (4)观察图象,写出该函数的两条性质________.22.(8分)如图,在平面直角坐标系中,矩形OABC的顶点A,C分别在x轴,y轴的正半轴上,且OA=4,OC=3,若抛物线经过O,A两点,且顶点在BC边上,对称轴交BE于点F,点D,E的坐标分别为(3,0),(0,1).(1)求抛物线的解析式;(2)猜想△EDB的形状并加以证明;(3)点M在对称轴右侧的抛物线上,点N在x轴上,请问是否存在以点A,F,M,N为顶点的四边形是平行四边形?若存在,请求出所有符合条件的点M的坐标;若不存在,请说明理由.23.(8分)先化简,再求值:(1a﹣a)÷(1+212aa),其中a是不等式﹣2<a<2的整数解.24.(10分)如图,已知正比例函数y=2x和反比例函数的图象交于点A(m,﹣2).求反比例函数的解析式;观察图象,直接写出正比例函数值大于反比例函数值时自变量x的取值范围;若双曲线上点C(2,n)沿OA5B,判断四边形OABC的形状并证明你的结论.25.(10分)当前,“精准扶贫”工作已进入攻坚阶段,凡贫困家庭均要“建档立卡”.某初级中学七年级共有四个班,已“建档立卡”的贫困家庭的学生人数按一、二、三、四班分别记为A1,A2,A3,A4,现对A1,A2,A3,A4统计后,制成如图所示的统计图.(1)求七年级已“建档立卡”的贫困家庭的学生总人数;(2)将条形统计图补充完整,并求出A1所在扇形的圆心角的度数;(3)现从A1,A2中各选出一人进行座谈,若A1中有一名女生,A2中有两名女生,请用树状图表示所有可能情况,并求出恰好选出一名男生和一名女生的概率.26.(12分)如图,在Rt△ABC中,∠C=90°,以BC为直径的⊙O交AB于点D,切线DE交AC于点E.(1)求证:∠A=∠ADE;(2)若AD=8,DE=5,求BC的长.27.(12分)庞亮和李强相约周六去登山,庞亮从北坡山脚C处出发,以24米/分钟的速度攀登,同时,李强从南坡山脚B处出发.如图,已知小山北坡的坡度,山坡长为240米,南坡的坡角是45°.问李强以什么速度攀登才能和庞亮同时到达山顶A?(将山路AB、AC看成线段,结果保留根号)2022学年模拟测试卷参考答案(含详细解析)一、选择题(本大题共12个小题,每小题4分,共48分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的.) 1、C【答案解析】根据负数的绝对值是它的相反数,可得答案.【题目详解】│-2│=2,A 错误;│-,B 错误;,D 错误;│3│=3,故选C. 【答案点睛】本题考查了绝对值,解题的关键是掌握绝对值的概念进行解题.2、D【答案解析】根据垂径定理,圆周角的性质定理即可作出判断.【题目详解】∵P 是弦AB 的中点,CD 是过点P 的直径.∴AB ⊥CD ,弧AD =弧BD ,故①正确,③正确;∠AOB =2∠AOD =4∠ACD ,故②正确.P 是OD 上的任意一点,因而④不一定正确.故正确的是:①②③.故选:D .【答案点睛】本题主要考查了垂径定理,圆周角定理,正确理解定理是关键.平分弦(不是直径)的直径垂直与这条弦,并且平分这条弦所对的两段弧;同圆或等圆中,圆周角等于它所对的弧上的圆心角的一半.3、C【答案解析】过O 作OC ⊥AB ,交圆O 于点D ,连接OA ,由垂径定理得到C 为AB 的中点,再由折叠得到CD=OC ,求出OC 的长,在直角三角形AOC 中,利用勾股定理求出AC 的长,即可确定出AB 的长.【题目详解】过O 作OC ⊥AB ,交圆O 于点D ,连接OA ,由折叠得到CD=OC=12OD=1cm , 在Rt △AOC 中,根据勾股定理得:AC 2+OC 2=OA 2,即AC 2+1=4,解得:3,则3.故选C .【答案点睛】此题考查了垂径定理,勾股定理,以及翻折的性质,熟练掌握垂径定理是解本题的关键.4、D【答案解析】根据方程有两个相等的实数根可得出b=a+1或b=-(a+1),当b=a+1时,-1是方程x 2+bx+a=0的根;当b=-(a+1)时,1是方程x 2+bx+a=0的根.再结合a+1≠-(a+1),可得出1和-1不都是关于x 的方程x 2+bx+a=0的根.【题目详解】∵关于x 的一元二次方程(a+1)x 2+2bx+(a+1)=0有两个相等的实数根,∴()()2210{2410a b a +≠-+==, ∴b=a+1或b=-(a+1).当b=a+1时,有a-b+1=0,此时-1是方程x 2+bx+a=0的根;当b=-(a+1)时,有a+b+1=0,此时1是方程x 2+bx+a=0的根.∵a+1≠0,∴a+1≠-(a+1),∴1和-1不都是关于x 的方程x 2+bx+a=0的根.故选D .【答案点睛】本题考查了根的判别式以及一元二次方程的定义,牢记“当△=0时,方程有两个相等的实数根”是解题的关键. 5、A【答案解析】分析:由设第一次买了x 本资料,则设第二次买了(x+20)本资料,由等量关系:第二次比第一次每本优惠4元,即可得到方程.详解:设他上月买了x 本笔记本,则这次买了(x+20)本, 根据题意得:1202404x x 20-=+. 故选A.点睛:本题考查了分式方程的应用,解答本题的关键是读懂题意,设出未知数,找出合适的等量关系,列方程解答即可.6、C【答案解析】解:∵点A 为数轴上的表示-1的动点,①当点A 沿数轴向左移动4个单位长度时,点B 所表示的有理数为-1-4=-6; ②当点A 沿数轴向右移动4个单位长度时,点B 所表示的有理数为-1+4=1.故选C .点睛:注意数的大小变化和平移之间的规律:左减右加.与点A 的距离为4个单位长度的点B 有两个,一个向左,一个向右.7、A【答案解析】解:3-的倒数是13-.故选A .【答案点睛】本题考查倒数,掌握概念正确计算是解题关键.8、A【答案解析】测试卷分析:原方程变形为:x (x-1)=0x 1=0,x 1=1.故选A .考点:解一元二次方程-因式分解法.9、B【答案解析】根据倒数的定义求解. 【题目详解】-2的倒数是-1 2故选B【答案点睛】本题难度较低,主要考查学生对倒数相反数等知识点的掌握10、C【答案解析】测试卷分析:A、B无法进行因式分解;C正确;D、原式=(1+2x)(1-2x)故选C,考点:因式分解【题目详解】请在此输入详解!11、B【答案解析】根据函数的图象和交点坐标即可求得结果.【题目详解】解:不等式kx+b>mx的解集为:-6<x<0或x>2,故选B.【答案点睛】此题考查反比例函数与一次函数的交点问题,解题关键是注意掌握数形结合思想的应用.12、D【答案解析】解:连接EO.∴∠B=∠OEB,∵∠OEB =∠D +∠DOE ,∠AOB =3∠D ,∴∠B +∠D =3∠D ,∴∠D +∠DOE +∠D =3∠D ,∴∠DOE =∠D ,∴ED =EO =OB ,故选D.二、填空题:(本大题共6个小题,每小题4分,共24分.)13、1 1【答案解析】根据长方形的对边相等,每一个角都是直角可得AB=CD ,AD=BC ,∠BAD=∠C=90°,然后利用“边角边”证明Rt △ABD和Rt △CDB 全等;根据等底等高的三角形面积相等解答.【题目详解】有,Rt △ABD ≌Rt △CDB ,理由:在长方形ABCD 中,AB=CD ,AD=BC ,∠BAD=∠C=90°,在Rt △ABD 和Rt △CDB 中,90AB CD BAD C AD BC ⎧⎪∠∠︒⎨⎪⎩====,∴Rt △ABD ≌Rt △CDB (SAS );有,△BFD 与△BFA ,△ABD 与△AFD ,△ABE 与△DFE ,△AFD 与△BCD 面积相等,但不全等.故答案为:1;1.【答案点睛】本题考查了全等三角形的判定,长方形的性质,以及等底等高的三角形的面积相等.14、y (x +1)(x ﹣1)【答案解析】观察原式x 2y ﹣y ,找到公因式y 后,提出公因式后发现x 2-1符合平方差公式,利用平方差公式继续分解可得.【题目详解】解:x 2y ﹣y=y (x 2﹣1)=y (x +1)(x ﹣1).故答案为:y (x +1)(x ﹣1).【答案点睛】本题考查了用提公因式法和公式法进行因式分解,一个多项式有公因式首先提取公因式,然后再用其他方法进行因式分解,同时因式分解要彻底,直到不能分解为止.15、BE=DF【答案解析】可以添加的条件有BE=DF 等;证明:∵四边形ABCD 是平行四边形,∴AB=CD ,∠ABD=∠CDB ;又∵BE=DF ,∴△ABE ≌△CDF (SAS ).∴AE=CF ,∠AEB=∠CFD.∴∠AEF=∠CFE.∴AE ∥CF ;∴四边形AECF 是平行四边形.(一组对边平行且相等的四边形是平行四边形)故答案为BE=DF .16、 (-5,4)【答案解析】测试卷解析:由于图形平移过程中,对应点的平移规律相同,由点A 到点A'可知,点的横坐标减6,纵坐标加3,故点B'的坐标为()16,13,-+ 即()5,4.-故答案为: ()5,4.-17、45【答案解析】过点C 作CH ⊥AB 于H ,利用解直角三角形的知识,分别求出AH 、AC 、BC 的值,进而利用三线合一的性质得出AA'的值,然后利用旋转的性质可判定△ACA'∽△BCB',继而利用相似三角形的对应边成比例的性质可得出BB'的值.【题目详解】解:过点C 作CH ⊥AB 于H ,∵在Rt △ABC 中,∠C=90,cosA=23,∴AC=AB•cosA=6,,在Rt△ACH中,AC=6,cosA=23,∴AH=AC•cosA=4,由旋转的性质得,AC=A'C,BC=B'C,∴△ACA'是等腰三角形,因此H也是AA'中点,∴AA'=2AH=8,又∵△BCB'和△ACA'都为等腰三角形,且顶角∠ACA'和∠BCB'都是旋转角,∴∠ACA'=∠BCB',∴△ACA'∽△BCB',∴‘'AC AABC BB=8'BB=,解得:故答案为:【答案点睛】此题考查了解直角三角形、旋转的性质、勾股定理、等腰三角形的性质、相似三角形的判定与性质,解答本题的关键是得出△ACA'∽△BCB'.18、224πcm【答案解析】解:它的侧面展开图的面积=12•1π•4×6=14π(cm1).故答案为14πcm1.点睛:本题考查了圆锥的计算:圆锥的侧面展开图为一扇形,这个扇形的弧长等于圆锥底面的周长,扇形的半径等于圆锥的母线长.三、解答题:(本大题共9个小题,共78分,解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤.19、(1)证明详见解析;(2)证明详见解析;(3)1.【答案解析】(1)利用平行线的性质及中点的定义,可利用AAS证得结论;(2)由(1)可得AF=BD,结合条件可求得AF=DC,则可证明四边形ADCF为平行四边形,再利用直角三角形的性质可证得AD=CD,可证得四边形ADCF为菱形;(3)连接DF,可证得四边形ABDF为平行四边形,则可求得DF的长,利用菱形的面积公式可求得答案.【题目详解】(1)证明:∵AF ∥BC ,∴∠AFE =∠DBE ,∵E 是AD 的中点,∴AE =DE ,在△AFE 和△DBE 中,AFE DBE FEA BED AE DE ∠=∠⎧⎪∠=∠⎨⎪=⎩∴△AFE ≌△DBE (AAS );(2)证明:由(1)知,△AFE ≌△DBE ,则AF =DB .∵AD 为BC 边上的中线∴DB =DC ,∴AF =CD .∵AF ∥BC ,∴四边形ADCF 是平行四边形,∵∠BAC =90°,D 是BC 的中点,E 是AD 的中点,∴AD =DC =12BC , ∴四边形ADCF 是菱形;(3)连接DF ,∵AF ∥BD ,AF =BD ,∴四边形ABDF 是平行四边形, ∴DF =AB =5, ∵四边形ADCF 是菱形,∴S 菱形ADCF =12AC ▪DF =12×4×5=1. 【答案点睛】本题主要考查菱形的性质及判定,利用全等三角形的性质证得AF=CD 是解题的关键,注意菱形面积公式的应用. 20、(1)2,3b b --;(2)图象见解析,6y x =或9y x=-;(32【答案解析】(1)将抛物线的解析式配成顶点式,即可得出顶点坐标;(2)根据抛物线经过点M ,用待定系数法求出抛物线的解析式,即可得出图象,然后将纵坐标3代入抛物线的解析式中,求出横坐标,然后将点再代入反比例函数的表达式中即可求出反比例函数的表示式;(3)设出A 的坐标,表示出C,D 的坐标,得到CD 的长度,根据题意找到CD 的最小值,因为AD 的长度不变,所以当CD 最小时,对角线AC 最小,则答案可求.【题目详解】解:(1)()2222222323()3y x bx x bx b b x b b =--=-+--=--+, ∴抛物线的顶点的坐标为2(,3)b b --.故答案为:2(,3)b b --(2)将(2,1)M --代入抛物线的解析式得:4431b +-=- 解得:12b =-, ∴抛物线的解析式为23y x x =+-.抛物线L 的大致图象如图所示:将3y =代入23y x x =+-得: 233x x +-=, 解得:2x =或3x =-∴抛物线与反比例函数图象的交点坐标为(2,3)或()3,3-.将(2,3)代入k y x=得:6k =, 6y x∴=.将()3,3-代入k y x=得:9k =-, 9y x=-∴. 综上所述,反比例函数的表达式为6y x =或9y x=-. (3)设点A 的坐标为()2,23x x bx --,则点D 的坐标为()21,23x x bx +--, C 的坐标为21,(22)2)2(x x b x b ++---.()2223(22)22221DC x bx x b x b x b ⎡⎤∴=---+---=-+-⎣⎦ DC ∴的长随x 的增大而减小.矩形ABCD 在其对称轴的左侧,抛物线的对称轴为x b =,1x b ∴+≤1x b ∴≤-∴当1x b =-时,DC 的长有最小值,DC 的最小值2(1)211b b =--+-=. AD 的长度不变,∴当DC 最小时,AC 有最小值.AC ∴的最小值==.【答案点睛】本题主要考查二次函数,反比例函数与几何综合,掌握二次函数,反比例函数的图象与性质是解题的关键.21、(1)任意实数;(2)32-;(3)见解析;(4)①当x <﹣2时,y 随x 的增大而增大;②当x >2时,y 随x 的增大而增大.【答案解析】(1)没有限定要求,所以x 为任意实数,(2)把x =3代入函数解析式即可,(3)描点,连线即可解题,(4)看图确定极点坐标,即可找到增减区间.【题目详解】解:(1)函数y =316x ﹣2x 的自变量x 的取值范围是任意实数; 故答案为任意实数; (2)把x =3代入y =316x ﹣2x 得,y =﹣32; 故答案为﹣32; (3)如图所示;(4)根据图象得,①当x <﹣2时,y 随x 的增大而增大;②当x >2时,y 随x 的增大而增大.故答案为①当x <﹣2时,y 随x 的增大而增大;②当x >2时,y 随x 的增大而增大.【答案点睛】本题考查了函数的图像和性质,属于简单题,熟悉函数的图像和概念是解题关键.22、(1)y=﹣34x 2+3x ;(2)△EDB 为等腰直角三角形;证明见解析;(3)6+2326+215,﹣2). 【答案解析】(1)由条件可求得抛物线的顶点坐标及A 点坐标,利用待定系数法可求得抛物线解析式;(2)由B 、D 、E 的坐标可分别求得DE 、BD 和BE 的长,再利用勾股定理的逆定理可进行判断;(3)由B 、E 的坐标可先求得直线BE 的解析式,则可求得F 点的坐标,当AF 为边时,则有FM ∥AN 且FM =AN ,则可求得M 点的纵坐标,代入抛物线解析式可求得M 点坐标;当AF 为对角线时,由A 、F 的坐标可求得平行四边形的对称中心,可设出M 点坐标,则可表示出N 点坐标,再由N 点在x 轴上可得到关于M 点坐标的方程,可求得M 点坐标.【题目详解】解:(1)在矩形OABC 中,OA=4,OC=3,∴A (4,0),C (0,3),∵抛物线经过O、A两点,∴抛物线顶点坐标为(2,3),∴可设抛物线解析式为y=a(x﹣2)2+3,把A点坐标代入可得0=a(4﹣2)2+3,解得a=﹣34,∴抛物线解析式为y=﹣34(x﹣2)2+3,即y=﹣34x2+3x;(2)△EDB为等腰直角三角形.证明:由(1)可知B(4,3),且D(3,0),E(0,1),∴DE2=32+12=10,BD2=(4﹣3)2+32=10,BE2=42+(3﹣1)2=20,∴DE2+BD2=BE2,且DE=BD,∴△EDB为等腰直角三角形;(3)存在.理由如下:设直线BE解析式为y=kx+b,把B、E坐标代入可得341k bb=+⎧⎨=⎩,解得1k2b1⎧=⎪⎨⎪=⎩,∴直线BE解析式为y=12x+1,当x=2时,y=2,∴F(2,2),①当AF为平行四边形的一边时,则M到x轴的距离与F到x轴的距离相等,即M到x轴的距离为2,∴点M的纵坐标为2或﹣2,在y=﹣34x2+3x中,令y=2可得2=﹣34x2+3x,解得,∵点M在抛物线对称轴右侧,∴x>2,∴∴M 2);在y=﹣34x 2+3x 中,令y=﹣2可得﹣2=﹣34x 2+3x ,解得x=63±, ∵点M 在抛物线对称轴右侧,∴x >2,∴,∴M ,﹣2); ②当AF 为平行四边形的对角线时,∵A (4,0),F (2,2),∴线段AF 的中点为(3,1),即平行四边形的对称中心为(3,1),设M (t ,﹣34t 2+3t ),N (x ,0),则﹣34t 2+3t=2,解得t=63±, ∵点M 在抛物线对称轴右侧,∴x >2,∵t >2,∴∴M 点坐标为(3,2);综上可知存在满足条件的点M ,其坐标为(3,2)或(3,﹣2). 【答案点睛】本题为二次函数的综合应用,涉及矩形的性质、待定系数法、勾股定理及其逆定理、平行四边形的性质、方程思想及分类讨论思想等知识.在(1)中求得抛物线的顶点坐标是解题的关键,注意抛物线顶点式的应用,在(2)中求得△EDB 各边的长度是解题的关键,在(3)中确定出M 点的纵坐标是解题的关键,注意分类讨论.本题考查知识点较多,综合性较强,难度较大.23、()211a a -+,1.【答案解析】首先化简(1a ﹣a )÷(1+212a a +),然后根据a <a 的整数解,求出a 的值,再把求出的a 的值代入化简后的算式,求出算式的值是多少即可.【题目详解】解:(1a ﹣a )÷(1+212a a +)=21a a -×()221a a +=()211a a -+,∵a <a 的整数解,∴a=﹣1,1,1,∵a≠1,a+1≠1,∴a≠1,﹣1,∴a=1,当a=1时,原式=()21111⨯-+=1.24、(1)2y x= (2)﹣1<x <0或x >1.(3)四边形OABC 是平行四边形;理由见解析.【答案解析】(1)设反比例函数的解析式为k y x =(k >0),然后根据条件求出A 点坐标,再求出k 的值,进而求出反比例函数的解析式.(2)直接由图象得出正比例函数值大于反比例函数值时自变量x 的取值范围;(3)首先求出OA 的长度,结合题意CB ∥OA 且OABC 是平行四边形,再证明OA=OC【题目详解】解:(1)设反比例函数的解析式为k y x=(k >0) ∵A (m ,﹣2)在y=2x 上,∴﹣2=2m ,∴解得m=﹣1.∴A (﹣1,﹣2).又∵点A 在k y x =上,∴k 21-=-,解得k=2.,∴反比例函数的解析式为2yx =.(2)观察图象可知正比例函数值大于反比例函数值时自变量x的取值范围为﹣1<x<0或x>1.(3)四边形OABC是菱形.证明如下:∵A(﹣1,﹣2),∴22OA125=+=.由题意知:CB∥OA且CB=5,∴CB=OA.∴四边形OABC是平行四边形.∵C(2,n)在2yx=上,∴2n12==.∴C(2,1).∴22OC215=+=.∴OC=OA.∴平行四边形OABC是菱形.25、(1)15人;(2)补图见解析.(3).【答案解析】(1)根据三班有6人,占的百分比是40%,用6除以所占的百分比即可得总人数;(2)用总人数减去一、三、四班的人数得到二班的人数即可补全条形图,用一班所占的比例乘以360°即可得A1所在扇形的圆心角的度数;(3)根据题意画出树状图,得出所有可能,进而求恰好选出一名男生和一名女生的概率.【题目详解】解:(1)七年级已“建档立卡”的贫困家庭的学生总人数:6÷40%=15人;(2)A2的人数为15﹣2﹣6﹣4=3(人)补全图形,如图所示,A1所在圆心角度数为:×360°=48°;(3)画出树状图如下:共6种等可能结果,符合题意的有3种∴选出一名男生一名女生的概率为:P=.【答案点睛】本题考查了条形图与扇形统计图,概率等知识,准确识图,从图中发现有用的信息,正确根据已知画出树状图得出所有可能是解题关键.26、(1)见解析(2)7.5【答案解析】(1)只要证明∠A+∠B=90°,∠ADE+∠B=90°即可解决问题;(2)首先证明AC=2DE=10,在Rt△ADC中,求得DC=6,设BD=x,在Rt△BDC中,BC2=x2+62,在Rt△ABC中,BC2=(x+8)2-102,可得x2+62=(x+8)2-102,解方程即可解决问题.【题目详解】(1)证明:连接OD,∵DE是切线,∴∠ODE=90°,∴∠ADE+∠BDO=90°,∵∠ACB=90°,∴∠A+∠B=90°,∵OD=OB,∴∠B=∠BDO,∴∠A=∠ADE;(2)连接CD,∵∠A=∠ADE∴AE=DE,∵BC是⊙O的直径,∠ACB=90°,∴EC是⊙O的切线,∴ED=EC,∴AE=EC,∵DE=5,∴AC=2DE=10,在Rt△ADC中,DC=22-=,1086设BD=x,在Rt△BDC中,BC2=x2+62,在Rt△ABC中,BC2=(x+8)2-102,∴x2+62=(x+8)2-102,解得x=4.5,∴BC=22+=6 4.57.5【答案点睛】此题主要考查圆的切线问题,解题的关键是熟知切线的性质.27、李强以122米/分钟的速度攀登才能和庞亮同时到达山顶A【答案解析】过点A作AD⊥BC于点D,在Rt△ADC中,由得tanC=∴∠C=30°∴AD=AC=×240=120(米) 在Rt△ABD中,∠B=45°∴AB=AD=120(米)120÷(240÷24)=120÷10=12(米/分钟)答:李强以12米/分钟的速度攀登才能和庞亮同时到达山顶A。
中考英语 选词填空 12选10 精选5篇(含答案)
致远英语——中考专项训练之选词填空精选A篇学员姓名:日期:©BEYOND ENGLISHPassage AOne day, a student was talking with a professor (教授), who’s kind to those who waited on his 1________.As they went along, they saw a pair of old shoes 2________ on the path (小路), which, they supposed, belonged to a poor man working in a nearby field (田地). He had neatly finished his 3___ ___ work.The student came to a stop, and said to the professor, “Let’s play a hoax on the man: we hide his shoes, hide ourselves and wait to see how 4_____ he would be when he finds that his shoes are 5________ .”“My friend,” answered the professor, “We should never enjoy ourselves while making the poor sad. Now you are rich, why not give yourself a much greater 6__ _ __ by helping the poor man? Put a coin into each shoe, hide ourselves and see what will happen to him.”The student did so, and they both places themselves behind the nearby trees.After finishing his work, the poor man came across the field to the path. Putting his foot into one of his shoes, he felt something unusual. He stopped 7 _____ what it was and he found the coin.He took out the coin, surprised, and looked at it 8 ______ for a while. Then he looked around, but 9 ______ was there. Then he started to put on the other shoe. He got much more surprises when he found the other coin.The poor man then looked up into the sky and shouted “Thank You!” The student stood there with tears (眼泪) in his eyes. “Now,” said the professor, “aren’t you more pleased than if you had played 10 ___ _ planned hoax?”“You’ve taught me a lesson which I will never forget,” answered the student.Passage BWorried That People Are Laughing at You?Imagine this situation. You pass a group of people. The people are talking to each other. You cannot hear what they are saying. But 1 they start laughing. What would you think? Would you think they were laughing at something 2 that one of them said? Or, to be honest with yourself, would you think they were laughing at you? Yes, you.Being laughed at is a 3 fear. But a major study published(公布) in 2009 found that this fear is not the 4 around the world, it differs from culture to culture.Some people in the study said they felt unsure of 5 in social situations and hid their feelings of insecurity (不安全). Others said they avoided (回避) social situations where they had been laughed at 6 .Shy people often avoid situations that would make them get into close contact (接触) with other people. They worry that something they say or do will make otherpeople laugh at them, It can be truly sad for those who live with the fear of laughter. It can 7 how they lead their lives.In the study, a team from the University of Zurich led more than ninety 8from around the world. They wanted to understand the difference between normal shyness and true fear of being laughed at. Another purpose of the study was 9the levels of fear of being laughed at in different cultures. The scientists surveyed more than twenty-two thousand people in forty-two different languages. The 10 would appear in Scientific Humor.Once there was a teacher who took all his students for tea. What made the students 1 was that all the cups on the table were 2 . Each of them took a cup and started 3 their own tea, looking at the 4 cups.The teacher said; "Do you notice your 5 ? You are all looking at each other's tea cups and 6 of you even envy (羡慕) the 7 cups of others." Then he went on: "I put the different cups here on purpose! Life is like 8 tea. You all have the same thing in your cups— tea. And yet you can't 9 enjoy it in your envy of another's cup. You forget 10 your own life when you envy someone else's life. So now, taste your own tea! Does it matter from which cup it comes from?"Passage DIt was already late when we started for the next town, which according to the1 _was about fifteen miles away on the other side of the hill. There we felt 2that we would find a bed for the night. Soon 3 fell after we left the village, but 4 ,we met no one as we drove fast along the narrow road that 5 to the hill. As our car climbed 6 , it became colder and the rain began to fall, making it difficult to see the road.After we had travelled for about twenty miles, there was still no 7 of the town which was marked on the map, we were beginning to get 8 .Then, the car suddenly stopped. A quick examination showed that we had used up the gas. Although we had little food with us, we decided to spend the night in the car.Our meal was soon 9 , and then I tried to go to sleep at once, but John, who was a poor sleeper, got out of the car after a few minutes and went for a walk up the hill. Soon he found, in the valley below, the 10 of the town we were looking for. We at once pushed the car to the top of the hill. In less than a quarter of an hour, we were in the town.Passage EAn old man lived in a side street of a small town. Every day after supper, some children would play football in the street. The children were too 1 for the old man to have a good rest.One evening, the old man told the children that he would give them 25 cents each week 2 them play football in the street at night. He said, “I am so glad when you. The boys were 4 , for they could believe that they could to do something they enjoyed.At the end of the two weeks, the boys came to the old man’s house, and went away each time happily with 8 25 cents. The third week when they came back, however, the old man said he had nearly run out of his money and 9 them away with 15 cents. The fourth week, the old man said he was ill and he had spent almost all his money on medicine. He gave the boys only 10 cents. The boys were very 10 , but there was not much for them to do about it.At the end of the fifth week, the boys came back again only to get 5 cents. After that, the children never played football in the street again.。
2020年中考数学试题含答案 (10)
2020年中考数学试卷一、选择题:本大题共10 小题,每小题3 分,共30 分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项符合题目要求。
1.(3.00 )A.1 B.﹣1 C.3 D.﹣32.(3.00 分)为贯彻落实觉中央、国务院关于推进城乡义务教育一体化发展的部署,教育部会同有关部门近五年来共新建、改扩建校舍186000000 平方米,其中数据186000000 用科学记数法表示是()A.1.86×107 B.186×106 C.1.86×108 D.0.186×1093.(3.00 分)下列运算正确的是()A.a8÷a4=a2 B.(a2)2=a4 C.a2•a3=a6 D.a2+a2=2a44.(3.00 分)如图,点B,C,D 在⊙O 上,若∠BCD=130°,则∠BOD 的度数是()A.50° B.60°C.80°D.100°5.(3.00 分)多项式4a﹣a3 分解因式的结果是()A.a(4﹣a2)B.a(2﹣a)(2+a)C.a(a﹣2)(a+2)D.a(2﹣a)26.(3.00 分)如图,在平面直角坐标系中,点A,C 在x 轴上,点C 的坐标为(﹣1,0),AC=2.将Rt△ABC 先绕点C 顺时针旋转90°,再向右平移3 个单位长度,则变换后点A 的对应点坐标是()A.(2,2)B.(1,2)C.(﹣1,2)D.(2,﹣1)7.(3.00 分)在一次数学答题比赛中,五位同学答对题目的个数分别为7,5,3,5,10,则关于这组数据的说法不正确的是()A.众数是5 B.中位数是5 C.平均数是6 D.方差是3.68.(3.00 分)如图,在五边形ABCDE 中,∠A+∠B+∠E=300°,DP、CP 分别平分∠EDC、∠BCD,则∠P=()A.50° B.55°C.60°D.65°9.(3.00 分)一个几何体的三视图如图所示,则该几何体的表面积是()A.24+2πB.16+4πC.16+8πD.16+12π10.(3.00 分)如图,小正方形是按一定规律摆放的,下面四个选项中的图片,适合填补图中空白处的是()A.B.C.D.二、填空题:本大题共5 小题,每小题3 分,共15 分。
中考数学选择题精选100题(含答案)
中考数学选择题精选100题(含答案)2、在8,3-2,3-64,3.14,-π。
xxxxxxxx12…中,无理数有(b)4个。
3、算式2+2+2+2可化为(c)8.4、我国国民生产总值达到11.69万亿元,人民生活总体上达到小康水平,其中11.69万亿用科学记数法表示应为(b)1.169×10^14.5、不等式2(x-2)≤x-2的非负整数解的个数为(a)1个。
6、不等式组{2x>-3,x-1≤8-2x}的最小整数解是(c)2.7、若天津到上海的路程为1326千米,提速前火车的平均速度为x千米/小时,提速后火车的平均速度为y千米/时,则x、y应满足的关系式是(b)y-x=7.42.8、一个自然数的算术平方根为a,则与它相邻的下一个自然数的算术平方根为(b)a+1.9、设A,B都是关于x的5次多项式,则下列说法正确的是(a)A+B是关于x的5次多项式。
10、实数a,b在数轴对应的点A、B表示如图,化简a|AB|-4a+4+|a-b|的结果为(c)2+b-2a。
11、某商品降价20%后出售,一段时间后恢复原价,则应在售价的基础上提高的百分数是(d)35%。
12、某种出租车的收费标准是:起步价7元,超过3km 以后,每增加1km加收2.4元。
某人乘坐这种车从甲地到乙地共支付车费19元,那么他行程的最大值是多少?答案:C、7km。
13、一辆长4米,速度为110千米/小时的轿车准备超越一辆长12米,速度为100千米/小时的卡车。
轿车从开始追及到超越卡车,需要花费的时间约为多少秒?答案:B、4.32秒。
14、如果关于x的一元二次方程kx²-6x+9有两个不相等的实数根,那么k的取值范围是什么?答案:C、k<1且k≠0.15、若a²+ma+18在整数范围内可分解为两个一次因式的乘积,则整数m不可能是多少?答案:D、±19.16、在实数范围内把2x²-4x-8分解因式为什么?答案:C、2(x-1+5)(x-1-5)。
2021年英语中考英语十篇短文填空十词选十专项练习(含答案)
英语中考英语十篇短文填空十词选十专项练习(有答案)A.请先阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后从方框内所给的词中选出最恰当的10个,并将答案填写到答题卷的相应位置。
每个词限用一次。
(注意词形变化)(每小题1分)China, what, student, from, bad, solve, receive, friend, how, oneChina is becoming stronger and stronger,many foreign students come to China to learn something to build their own countries. 25year old Monthero is one of them.Monthero comes 1 Benin in West Africa.He is studying 2 at Beijing Language and Culture University.“I thank Chinese 3 a lot since they would help me practice Chinese whenever I asked them,” Monthero said.He added that his Chinese teachers were also very 4 .He wanted to learn more than just the language.He also wanted to study Chinese technology so that he could help 5 water problems back home in Cotonou.“T o learn 6 to deal with water pollution is my goal,” he said.“China is developing quickly in technology and science.” According to Monthero,water in Cotonou and many other African cities is 7 polluted.Monthero’s love for China is growing all the t st week he 8 a ticket from a friend and went to watch a wrestling match.“It was my9 time to watch a match in China,” he said.“I felt so good and I wanted to study in China.”Like Monthero,many other students from different countries also want to study hard and then return to their countries to build them better with 10 they have learned in China.答题处1._________2.________3._________4._________5.________6._________7._________8._________9._________10._________grade, worry, change, why, talk, most, lonely, deep, ask, happiness寄宿学校).But he 1 when he was there.His grades started dropping.He hated being in a group.He was 2 all the time.He felt no one loved him.His parents were very 3 ,so his father decided to go to the school and 4 with him.They stood on the shore (岸) of the lake near the school.His father started 5 him casual questions about his classes,teachers and s ports.After some time his father said,“Do you know 6 I am here today?” The boy answered,“To check my grades?” “No,no,” his father replied.“I am here to tell you that you are the 7 important person to me.I don’t care about 8 .I care about you,especially your 9 .”Now the boy has everything he wants.He knows there is someone on earth who loves him 10 .Today this young man is at the top of his class in college and no one has ever seen him getsad!答题处:1._________2.________3._________4._________5.________6._________7._________8._________9._________10._________C.从方框内选择适当的单词完成下面的短文。
2019年中考数学试题含答案 (12)
2019年中考数学试卷一、选择题(本大题共10小题,共30分)1.比1小2的数是()A. −1B. −2C. −3D. 1【答案】A【解析】解:1−2=−1.故选:A.求比1小2的数就是求1与2的差.本题主要考查有理数的减法法则:减去一个数等于加上这个数的相反数.这是需要熟记的内容.2.下列运算正确的是()A. a3⋅a4=a12B. a6÷a3=a2C. 2a−3a=−aD. (a−2)2=a2−4【答案】C【解析】解:A、应为a3⋅a4=a7,故本选项错误;B、应为a6÷a3=a3,故本选项错误;C、2a−3a=−a,正确;D、应为(a−2)2=a2−4a+4,故本选项错误.故选:C.根据同底数的幂的运算法则、合并同类项法则及完全平方公式计算.本题考查同底数幂的乘法,同底数幂的除法,合并同类项法则,完全平方公式,计算时要认真.3.长度单位1纳米=10−9米,目前发现一种新型病毒直径为25 100纳米,用科学记数法表示该病毒直径是()A. 25.1×10−6米B. 0.251×10−4米C. 2.51×105米D. 2.51×10−5米【答案】D【解析】解:2.51×104×10−9=2.51×10−5米.故选D.先将25100用科学记数法表示为2.51×104,再和10−9相乘.a×10n中,a的整数部分只能取一位整数,1≤|a|<10.此题中的n应为负数.4.小红上学要经过三个十字路口,每个路口遇到红、绿灯的机会都相同,小红希望上学时经过每个路囗都是绿灯,但实际这样的机会是()A. 12B. 18C. 38D. 12+12+12【答案】B【解析】解:画树状图,得∴共有8种情况,经过每个路口都是绿灯的有一种,∴实际这样的机会是1,8故选:B.列举出所有情况,看个路口都是绿灯的情况占总情况的多少即可.此题考查了树状图法求概率,树状图法适用于三步或三步以上完成的事件,解题时要注意列出所有的情形.用到的知识点为:概率=所求情况数与总情况数之比.5.一个正方体的平面展开图如图所示,将它折成正方体后“建”字对面是()A. 和B. 谐C. 凉D. 山【答案】D【解析】解:对于正方体的平面展开图中相对的面一定相隔一个小正方形,由图形可知,与“建”字相对的字是“山”.故选:D.本题考查了正方体的平面展开图,对于正方体的平面展开图中相对的面一定相隔一个小正方形,据此作答.注意正方体的空间图形,从相对面入手,分析及解答问题.6.一组数据:3,2,1,2,2的众数,中位数,方差分别是()A. 2,1,0.4B. 2,2,0.4C. 3,1,2D. 2,1,0.2【答案】B【解析】解:从小到大排列此数据为:1,2,2,2,3;数据2出现了三次最多为众数,[(3−2)2+2处在第3位为中位数.平均数为(3+2+1+2+2)÷5=2,方差为153×(2−2)2+(1−2)2]=0.4,即中位数是2,众数是2,方差为0.4.故选:B.找中位数要把数据按从小到大的顺序排列,位于最中间的一个数(或两个数的平均)数为中位数;众数是一组数据中出现次数最多的数据,注意众数可以不只一个.利用方差公式计算方差.本题属于基础题,考查了确定一组数据的中位数、方差和众数的能力.注意找中位数的时候一定要先排好顺序,然后再根据奇数和偶数个来确定中位数,如果数据有奇数个,则正中间的数字即为所求.如果是偶数个则找中间两位数的平均数.7.若ab<0,则正比例函数y=ax与反比例函数y=b在同一坐标系中的大致图象可x能是()A. B. C. D.【答案】B【解析】解:∵ab<0,∴分两种情况:(1)当a>0,b<0时,正比例函数y=ax数的图象过原点、第一、三象限,反比例函数图象在第二、四象限,无此选项;(2)当a<0,b>0时,正比例函数的图象过原点、第二、四象限,反比例函数图象在第一、三象限,选项B符合.故选:B.根据ab<0及正比例函数与反比例函数图象的特点,可以从a>0,b<0和a<0,b>0两方面分类讨论得出答案.本题主要考查了反比例函数的图象性质和正比例函数的图象性质,要掌握它们的性质才能灵活解题.8.下列图形中既是轴对称图形,又是中心对称图形的是()A. B. C. D.【答案】D【解析】解:A、不是轴对称图形,是中心对称图形,故本选项错误;B、既不是轴对称图形,也不是中心对称图形,故本选项错误;C、既不是轴对称图形,也不是中心对称图形,故本选项错误;D、既是轴对称图形,又是中心对称图形.故选:D.根据轴对称图形和中心对称图形的概念对各选项分析判断即可得解.本题考查了中心对称图形与轴对称图形的概念.轴对称图形的关键是寻找对称轴,图形两部分折叠后可重合,中心对称图形是要寻找对称中心,旋转180度后两部分重合.9.如图将矩形ABCD沿对角线BD折叠,使C落在C′处,BC′交AD于点E,则下到结论不一定成立的是()A. AD=BC′B. ∠EBD=∠EDBC. △ABE∽△CBDD. sin∠ABE=AEED【答案】C【解析】解:A、BC=BC′,AD=BC,∴AD=BC′,所以正确.B、∠CBD=∠EDB,∠CBD=∠EBD,∴∠EBD=∠EDB正确.D、∵sin∠ABE=AE,BE∴∠EBD=∠EDB∴BE=DE∴sin∠ABE=AE.ED故选:C.主要根据折叠前后角和边相等找到相等的边之间的关系,即可选出正确答案.本题主要用排除法,证明A,B,D都正确,所以不正确的就是C,排除法也是数学中一种常用的解题方法.10.如图,⊙O是△ABC的外接圆,已知∠ABO=50∘,则∠ACB的大小为()A. 40∘B. 30∘C. 45∘D. 50∘【答案】A【解析】解:△AOB中,OA=OB,∠ABO=50∘,∴∠AOB=180∘−2∠ABO=80∘,∠AOB=40∘,∴∠ACB=12故选:A.首先根据等腰三角形的性质及三角形内角和定理求出∠AOB的度数,再利用圆周角与圆心角的关系求出∠ACB的度数.本题主要考查了圆周角定理的应用,涉及到的知识点还有:等腰三角形的性质以及三角形内角和定理.二、填空题(本大题共6小题,共24分)11.分解因式:9a−a3=______,2x2−12x+18=______.【答案】a(3+a)(3−a);2(x−3)2【解析】解:9a−a3=a(9−a2)=a(3+a)(3−a);2x2−12x+18=2(x2−6x+9)=2(x−3)2.观察原式9a−a3,找到公因式a后,发现9−a2符合平方差公式的形式,直接运用公式可得;观察原式2x2−12x+18,找到公因式2后,发现x2−6x+9符合完全平方差公式的形式,直接运用公式可得.本题考查整式的因式分解.一般地,因式分解有两种方法,提公因式法,公式法,能提公因式先提公因式,然后再考虑公式法.12.已知△ABC∽△A′B′C′且S△ABC:S△A′B′C′=1:2,则AB:A′B′=______.【答案】1:√2【解析】解:∵△ABC∽△A′B′C′,∴S△ABC:S△A′B′C′=AB2:A′B′2=1:2,∴AB:A′B′=1:√2.根据相似三角形的面积比等于相似比的平方求解即可.本题的关键是理解相似三角形的面积比等于相似比的平方.13.有两名学员小林和小明练习射击,第一轮10枪打完后两人打靶的环数如图所示,通常新手的成绩不太稳定,那么根据图中的信息,估计小林和小明两人中新手是______.【答案】小林【解析】解:由于小林的成绩波动较大,根据方差的意义知,波动越大,成绩越不稳定,故新手是小林.故填小林.观察图象可得:小明的成绩较集中,波动较小,即方差较小;故小明的成绩较为稳定;根据题意,一般新手的成绩不太稳定,故新手是小林.本题考查方差的意义.方差是用来衡量一组数据波动大小的量,方差越大,表明这组数据偏离平均数越大,即波动越大,数据越不稳定;反之,方差越小,表明这组数据分布比较集中,各数据偏离平均数越小,即波动越小,数据越稳定.14. 已知一个正数的平方根是3x −2和5x +6,则这个数是______. 【答案】494【解析】解:根据题意可知:3x −2+5x +6=0,解得x =−12, 所以3x −2=−72,5x +6=72,∴(±72)2=494故答案为:494.由于一个非负数的平方根有2个,它们互为相反数.依此列出方程求解即可.本题主要考查了平方根的逆运算,平时注意训练逆向思维.15. 若不等式组{b −2x >0x−a>2的解集是−1<x <1,则(a +b)2009=______. 【答案】−1【解析】解:由不等式得x >a +2,x <12b , ∵−1<x <1, ∴a +2=−1,12b =1∴a =−3,b =2,∴(a +b)2009=(−1)2009=−1. 故答案为−1.解出不等式组的解集,与已知解集−1<x <1比较,可以求出a 、b 的值,然后相加求出2009次方,可得最终答案.本题是已知不等式组的解集,求不等式中另一未知数的问题.可以先将另一未知数当作已知处理,求出解集与已知解集比较,进而求得零一个未知数.16. 将△ABC 绕点B 逆时针旋转到△A′BC′,使A 、B 、C′在同一直线上,若∠BCA =90∘,∠BAC =30∘,AB =4cm ,则图中阴影部分面积为______cm 2. 【答案】4π【解析】解:∵∠BCA =90∘,∠BAC =30∘,AB =4cm , ∴BC =2,AC =2√3,∠A′BA =120∘,∠CBC′=120∘, ∴阴影部分面积=(S △A′BC′+S 扇形BAA ′)−S 扇形BCC′−S △ABC =120π360×(42−22)=4πcm 2.故答案为:4π.易得整理后阴影部分面积为圆心角为120∘,两个半径分别为4和2的圆环的面积.本题利用了直角三角形的性质,扇形的面积公式求解.三、计算题(本大题共3小题,共24分)17.先化简,再选择一个你喜欢的数(要合适哦!)代入求值:(1+1x )÷x2−1x.【答案】解:(1+1x )÷x2−1x=x+1x⋅x(x+1)(x−1)=1x−1,当x=2时,原式=12−1=1.【解析】根据分式的加法和除法可以化简题目中的式子,再选取一个使得原分式有意义的值代入即可解答本题.本题考查分式的化简求值,解答本题的关键是明确分式的化简求值的计算方法.18.如图,要在木里县某林场东西方向的两地之间修一条公路MN,已知C点周围200米范围内为原始森林保护区,在MN上的点A处测得C在A的北偏东45∘方向上,从A向东走600米到达B处,测得C在点B的北偏西60∘方向上.(1)MN是否穿过原始森林保护区,为什么?(参考数据:√3≈1.732)(2)若修路工程顺利进行,要使修路工程比原计划提前5天完成,需将原定的工作效率提高25%,则原计划完成这项工程需要多少天?【答案】解:(1)理由如下:如图,过C作CH⊥AB于H.设CH=x,由已知有∠EAC=45∘,∠FBC=60∘,则∠CAH=45∘,∠CBA=30∘.在Rt△ACH中,AH=CH=x,在Rt△HBC中,tan∠HBC=CHHB∴HB=CHtan30∘=x√33=√3x,∵AH+HB=AB,∴x+√3x=600,解得x=6001+√3≈220(米)>200(米).∴MN不会穿过森林保护区.(2)设原计划完成这项工程需要y天,则实际完成工程需要(y−5)天.根据题意得:1y−5=(1+25%)×1y解得:y=25.经检验知:y=25是原方程的根.答:原计划完成这项工程需要25天.【解析】(1)要求MN是否穿过原始森林保护区,也就是求C到MN的距离.要构造直角三角形,再解直角三角形;(2)根据题意列方程求解.考查了构造直角三角形解斜三角形的方法和分式方程的应用.19.我们常用的数是十进制数,如4657=4×103+6×102+5×101+7×100,数要用10个数码(又叫数字):0、1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9,在电子计算机中用的二进制,只要两个数码:0和1,如二进制中110=1×22+1×21+0×20等于十进制的数6,110101=1×25+1×24+0×23+1×22+0×21+1×20等于十进制的数53.那么二进制中的数101011等于十进制中的哪个数?【答案】解:101011=1×25+0×24+1×23+0×22+1×21+1×20=43,所以二进制中的数101011等于十进制中的43.【解析】利用新定义得到101011=1×25+0×24+1×23+0×22+1×21+1×20,然后根据乘方的定义进行计算.本题考查了有理数的乘方:有理数乘方的定义:求n个相同因数积的运算,叫做乘方.四、解答题(本大题共7小题,共72分)20.计算:|3.14−π|+3.14÷(√32+1)0−2cos45∘+(√2−1)−1+(−1)2009.【答案】解:原式=π−3.14+3.14−2×√22+1√2−1−1=π−√2+√2+1−1=π.【解析】直接利用二次根式的性质以及特殊角的三角函数值、绝对值的性质、负指数幂的性质进而化简得出答案.此题主要考查了实数运算,正确化简各数是解题关键.21.观察下列多面体,并把如表补充完整.名称三棱柱四棱柱五棱柱六棱柱图形顶点数a61012棱数b912面数c58观察表中的结果,你能发现、、之间有什么关系吗?请写出关系式.【答案】解:填表如下:名称三棱柱四棱柱五棱柱六棱柱图形顶点数a681012棱数b9121518面数c5678根据上表中的规律判断,若一个棱柱的底面多边形的边数为n,则它有n个侧面,共有n+2个面,共有2n个顶点,共有3n条棱;故a,b,c之间的关系:a+c−b=2.【解析】结合三棱柱、四棱柱和五棱柱的特点,即可填表,根据已知的面、顶点和棱与几棱柱的关系,可知n棱柱一定有(n+2)个面,2n个顶点和3n条棱,进而得出答案,利用前面的规律得出a,b,c之间的关系.此题主要考查了欧拉公式,熟记常见棱柱的特征,可以总结一般规律:n棱柱有(n+2)个面,2n个顶点和3n条棱是解题关键.22.如图,△ABC在方格纸中(1)请在方格纸上建立平面直角坐标系,使A(2,3),C(6,2),并求出B点坐标;(2)以原点O为位似中心,相似比为2,在第一象限内将△ABC放大,画出放大后的图形△A′B′C′;(3)计算的面积S.【答案】解:(1)如图所示,即为所求的直角坐标系;B(2,1);(2)如图:即为所求;.【解析】(1)直接利用A,C点坐标得出原点位置进而得出答案;(2)利用位似图形的性质即可得出;(3)直接利用(2)中图形求出三角形面积即可.此题主要考查了位似变换以及三角形面积求法,正确得出对应点位置是解题的关键.画位似图形的一般步骤为:①确定位似中心;②分别连接并延长位似中心和关键点;③根据位似比,确定位似图形的关键点;④顺次连接上述各点,得到放大或缩小的图形.23.我国沪深股市交易中,如果买、卖一次股票均需付交易金额的0.5%作费用.张先生以每股5元的价格买入“西昌电力”股票1000股,若他期望获利不低于1000元,问他至少要等到该股票涨到每股多少元时才能卖出?(精确到0.01元)【答案】解:设涨到每股x元时卖出,根据题意得1000x−(5000+1000x)×0.5%≥5000+1000,(4分)解这个不等式得x≥1205199,即x≥6.06.(6分)答:至少涨到每股6.06元时才能卖出.(7分)【解析】根据关系式:总售价−两次交易费≥总成本+1000列出不等式求解即可.本题考查的是一元一次不等式在生活中的实际运用,解决本题的关键是读懂题意根据“总售价−两次交易费≥总成本+1000”列出不等关系式.24.已知一个口袋中装有7个只有颜色不同的球,其中3个白球,4个黑球.(1)求从中随机抽取出一个黑球的概率是多少?(2)若往口袋中再放入x个白球和y个黑球,从口袋中随机取出一个白球的概率是14,求y与x之间的函数关系式.【答案】解:(1)∵一个口袋中装有7个只有颜色不同的球,其中3个白球,4个黑球,∴从中随机抽取出一个黑球的概率是:47;(2)∵往口袋中再放入x个白球和y个黑球,从口袋中随机取出一个白球的概率是14,∴x+37+x+y =14,则y=3x+5.【解析】(1)直接利用概率公式直接得出取出一个黑球的概率;(2)直接利用从口袋中随机取出一个白球的概率是14,进而得出答案函数关系式.此题主要考查了概率公式,正确掌握概率求法是解题关键.25.如图,在平面直角坐标系中,点O1的坐标为(−4,0),以点O1为圆心,8为半径的圆与x轴交于A,B两点,过A作直线l与x轴负方向相交成60∘的角,且交y轴于C 点,以点O2(13,5)为圆心的圆与x轴相切于点D.(1)求直线l的解析式;(2)将⊙O2以每秒1个单位的速度沿x轴向左平移,当⊙O2第一次与⊙O1外切时,求⊙O2平移的时间.【答案】解:(1)由题意得OA =|−4|+|8|=12, ∴A 点坐标为(−12,0).∵在Rt △AOC 中,∠OAC =60∘,OC =OAtan∠OAC =12×tan60∘=12√3. ∴C 点的坐标为(0,−12√3).设直线l 的解析式为y =kx +b , 由l 过A 、C 两点,得{−12√3=b 0=−12k +b ,解得{b =−12√3k =−√3∴直线l 的解析式为:y =−√3x −12√3.(2)如图,设⊙O 2平移t 秒后到⊙O 3处与⊙O 1第一次外切于点P ,⊙O 3与x 轴相切于D 1点,连接O 1O 3,O 3D 1.则O 1O 3=O 1P +PO 3=8+5=13. ∵O 3D 1⊥x 轴,∴O 3D 1=5,在Rt △O 1O 3D 1中,O 1D 1=√O 1O 32−O 3D 12=√132−52=12.∵O 1D =O 1O +OD =4+13=17,∴D 1D =O 1D −O 1D 1=17−12=5, ∴t =51=5(秒).∴⊙O 2平移的时间为5秒.【解析】(1)求直线的解析式,可以先求出A 、C 两点的坐标,就可以根据待定系数法求出函数的解析式.(2)设⊙O 2平移t 秒后到⊙O 3处与⊙O 1第一次外切于点P ,⊙O 3与x 轴相切于D 1点,连接O 1O 3,O 3D 1.在直角△O 1O 3D 1中,根据勾股定理,就可以求出O 1D 1,进而求出D 1D 的长,得到平移的时间.本题综合了待定系数法求函数解析式,以及圆的位置关系,其中两圆相切时的辅助线的作法是经常用到的.26. 如图,已知抛物线y =x 2+bx +c 经过A(1,0),B(0,2)两点,顶点为D .(1)求抛物线的解析式;(2)将△OAB 绕点A 顺时针旋转90∘后,点B 落到点C 的位置,将抛物线沿y 轴平移后经过点C ,求平移后所得图象的函数关系式;(3)设(2)中平移后,所得抛物线与y 轴的交点为B 1,顶点为D 1,若点N 在平移后的抛物线上,且满足△NBB1的面积是△NDD1面积的2倍,求点N的坐标.【答案】解:(1)已知抛物线y=x2+bx+c经过A(1,0),B(0,2),∴{2=0+0+c0=1+b+c,解得{c=2b=−3,∴所求抛物线的解析式为y=x2−3x+2;(2)∵A(1,0),B(0,2),∴OA=1,OB=2,可得旋转后C点的坐标为(3,1),当x=3时,由y=x2−3x+2得y=2,可知抛物线y=x2−3x+2过点(3,2),∴将原抛物线沿y轴向下平移1个单位后过点C.∴平移后的抛物线解析式为:y=x2−3x+1;(3)∵点N在y=x2−3x+1上,可设N点坐标为(x0,x02−3x0+1),将y=x2−3x+1配方得y=(x−32)2−54,∴其对称轴为直线x=32.①0≤x0≤32时,如图①,∵S△NBB1=2S△NDD1,∴12×1×x0=2×12×1×(32−x0)∵x0=1,此时x02−3x0+1=−1,∴N点的坐标为(1,−1).②当x0>32时,如图②,同理可得12×1×x0=2×12×(x0−32),∴x0=3,此时x02−3x0+1=1,∴点N的坐标为(3,1).③当x<0时,由图可知,N点不存在,∴舍去.综上,点N的坐标为(1,−1)或(3,1).【解析】(1)利用待定系数法,将点A,B的坐标代入解析式即可求得;(2)根据旋转的知识可得:A(1,0),B(0,2),∴OA=1,OB=2,可得旋转后C点的坐标为(3,1),当x=3时,由y=x2−3x+2得y=2,可知抛物线y= x2−3x+2过点(3,2)∴将原抛物线沿y轴向下平移1个单位后过点C.∴平移后的抛物线解析式为:y=x2−3x+1;(3)首先求得B1,D1的坐标,根据图形分别求得即可,要注意利用方程思想.此题属于中考中的压轴题,难度较大,知识点考查的较多而且联系密切,需要学生认真审题.此题考查了二次函数与一次函数的综合知识,解题的关键是要注意数形结合思想的应用.。
中考英语选词填空(12选10)真题汇总含答案
中考英语选词填空(12选10)真题汇编(附答案)2019bad, British, consider, fun, hope, pleasure, power, they, total, understand, we, winIs it true that we British people have a different sense of humor from people in other countries? Let’s have a look at what we laugh at in 1 .To us British people, 2 and important people often cause laughter. It’s not just politicians(政客) who make us laugh, but anyone whose job is to tell other people what to do and who takes 3 too seriously.We laugh at the power, but also, pitifully, at anyone who is treated 4 . We know they cannot win, but if they do win sometimes, it’s even 5 . Our clown(小丑) are often silly people doing silly things, while in America, they are often clever people doing clever things—and 6 at last.The fact that we laugh when other people might feel 7 is one of the strangest things to learn about British humor. We do have a strong sense of irony(反讽) . After some terrible experience, we might say, “Not very 8 .” And we might say in the middle of a typhoon, “It’s a bit windy today.” Or “There is a tiny problem.” when something has gone 9 wrong. We don’t like to express strong feelings, but just “keep calm and carry on”.Another thing that can make it difficult 10 British humor is that we don’t always laugh or even smile when we say something funny. We often keep a straight face or use an unsmiling expression when we’re making a joke.Do you think the British sense of humor is special?1. 2. 3. 4. 5.6. 7. 8. 9. 10.2018but, choice, color, direct, fly, high, important, instead, it, many, quick, slowOne day, a father and his son went to a kite flying festival. When they arrived,there were already many adults and their children playing in the park. When theson saw the sky filled with 1 kites in different shapes, he was excited andwanted to get one too. His father agreed to buy one for him. So they went to a kiteshop and 2 a beautiful one.With the string(线)in hand, the son started 3 the kite. Soon, the kite was high up in the sky. After a while, the son said, "Father, it seems that the string is stopping the kite from flying higher. If we cut it, it will be free and fly even higher. Can we cut it?” The father didn’t reply, but just cut the string off the reel(线轴). Suddenly, the kite began to go 4 , which made the son much happier.However, to his surprise, the kite was coming down. They waited for quite some time. 5 , it fell onto the grass. The son felt upset and asked, "I thought that after cutting the string, the kite would fly higher.Why did it fall down?”The father smiled and said, “The role of the string was not stopping the kite from flying higher, 6 helping it stay in the sky, because the kite 7 can' t fly up. By using the string you help the kite go up in the right 8 . When you cut the string, it could not support the kite.In our life, we may sometimes feel like there are certain things that are holding us back and stopping us from growing. But in fact, these might be the things that support us_ 9 . We can really grow up and2017An old saying goes, "When in Rome(罗马), do as the Romans do." I learned the 1 of this when I studied in Russia.One day I invited some of my Chinese friends to a famous local restaurant in Moscow. My guests and I were 2 from visiting Red Square and happy about our meeting. We had a warm chat until the waiter told me that we were being too loud. We turned our voices 3 . But this didn’t last long. The waiter came over to us two more 4 with the same message.How bad an impression(印象)we must have left on the local people! In China, it’s 5 and important for a host to make a 6 atmosphere(气氛). However, in Russia and 7 countries, having a meal in a public place means you must keep your voice low. You need to be polite to others.I felt bad about this. Even though we tried our 8 , it’s very difficult to develop a new habit. Russians have their own special habits. My Russian friend, Andrey always looks around and thinks for a while before leaving home. I asked him why he did this. “Aha,” Andrey said, “in Russia, people always take about a minute 9 over things and plans in their minds before leaving. So they won’t leave anything necessary behind.”2016A boy thought that he was the most unhappy person in the world. He thought he was 1.________ because almost everything bad always happened to him. So he wanted to find the key to happiness. He walked a long way and finally came to a 2._______ palace. There, he met the king.After learning why the boy had come, the king advised that he should look around the palace and come back in two hours. “At the same time, I want you to 3.________this spoon with milk,” said the king. “Asyou walk around my palace, carry this spoon without spilling(溢出) the milk.”The boy kept his 4. _______on the spoon and began to walk around the fantastic palace. After two hours, he came back to the king. “Well,” asked the king. “Did you see the wonderful 5._______ in my dining hall?Did you see the 6._______ flowers in the garden? ” The boy felt sorry because he only paid attention to the milk.“Then go back and see the beauty of 7. ________ world,” said the king. This time the boy saw all of the 8.__________of art on the walls. He saw the greatest gardens and mountains all around. When he came back, he described everything he saw.“But where is the milk?” asked the king. Looking 9.________ at the spoon he held, the boy saw the milk was 10.________. “Well, the key to happiness is to see all the beauty of the world and also keep an20152014Look at the picture, what do you see? 1 , some people say it’s an old man,while others say it’s a young woman and an old 2 . It is a problem with manyanswers. Why? When you look at a problem from different views, you get differentanswers. Just turn it in your mind 3 bit, and you may see it in a completely newway.Some people only form an idea in their mind “A problem has only one answer, and allthe 4 are wrong.” Some even laugh at the different answers others come up with.Well, they’re wrong! If people only believed in one answer, we might still think theworld is square(方形的)! What’s one plus one? That’s easy, two! Right? Well, that’s oneright answer, but not the only answer. You might think of 11, or some 5characters like “二” or “十”! What’s a mom plus a dad? You might think of two people, or a man and a woman, or a whole family! So, even the 6 questions can have many answers. Of course, some problems do only have one answer. If each of the questions in a math test had 7 than one answer, it would be quite a problem for teachers 8 . Look at things in different ways, face your life with a 9 mind, and you’ll see a completely different world. After reading my article, if I ask you again: “What do you see in this picture?”, will you still give the same answer now? I’m sure this picture will be 10 to you.1. 2. 3. 4. 5.6. 7. 8. 9. 10.2013somebody, feel, day, successfully, lie, you, pleasant, discover, careful, lose, instruction, embarrassOne day, a student was talking with a professor (教授), who’s kind to those who waited on his 1.______________.As they went along, they saw a pair of old shoes 2.___________ on the path (小路), which, they supposed, belonged to a poor man working in a nearby field (田地). He had neatly finished his 3.____________ work.The student came to a stop, and said to the professor, “Let’s play a hoax on the man: we hide his shoes, hide ourselves and wait to see how 4._____________ he would be when he finds that his shoes are 5.__________ .”“My friend,” answered the professor, “We should never enjoy ourselves while making the poor sad. Now you are rich, why not give yourself a much greater 6._____________ by helping the poor man? Put a coin into each shoe, hide ourselves and see what will happen to him.”The student did so, and they both places themselves behind the nearby trees.After finishing his work, the poor man came across the field to the path. Putting his foot into one of his shoes, he felt something unusual. He stopped 7._____________ what it was and he found the coin.He took out the coin, surprised, and looked at it 8.______________ for a while. Then he looked around, but 9._____________ was there. Then he started to put on the other shoe. He got much more surprises when he found the other coin.The poor man then looked up into the sky and shouted “Thank You!” The student stood there with tears(眼泪) in his eyes. “Now,” said the professor, “aren’t you more pleased than if you had played 10.__________ planned hoax?”Worried That People Are Laughing at You?Imagine this situation. You pass a group of people. The people are talking to each other. You cannot hear what they are saying. But 1 they start laughing. What would you think? Would you think they were laughing at something 2 that one of them said? Or, to be honest with yourself, would you think they were laughing at you? Yes, you.Being laughed at is a 3 fear. But a major study published(公布)in 2009 found that this fear is not the 4 around the world, It differs from culture to culture.Some people in the study said they felt unsure of 5 in social situations and hid their feelings of insecurity (不安全). Others said they avoided (回避) social situations where they had been laughed at 6 .Shy people often avoid situations that would make them get into close contact (接触) with other people. They worry that something they say or do will make other people laugh at them, It can be truly sad for those who live with the fear of laughter. It can 7 how they lead their lives.In the study, a team from the University of Zurich led more than ninety 8 from around the world. They wanted to understand the difference between normal shyness and true fear of being laughed at. Another purpose of the study was 9 the levels of fear of being laughed at in different cultures. The scientists surveyed more than twenty-two thousand people in forty-two different languages. The 10Once there was a teacher who took all his students for tea. What made the students 1 was that all the cups on the table were 2 . Each of them took a cup and started 3 their own tea, looking at the 4 cups.The teacher said; "Do you notice your 5 ? You are all looking at each other's tea cups and 6of you even envy (羡慕) the 7 cups of others." Then he went on: "I put the different cups here on purpose! Life is like 8 tea. You all have the same thing in your cups— tea. And yet you can't 9 enjoy it in your envy of another's cup. You forget 10 your own life when you envy someone else's life. So now, taste your own tea! Does it matter from which cup it comes from?"1. 2. 3. 4. 5.2010It was already late when we started for the next town, which according to the _1_was about fifteen miles away on the other side of the hill. There we felt_2_that we would find a bed for the night. Soon _3_fell after we left the village, but _4_, we met no one as we drove fast along the narrow road that _5_to the hill. As our car climbed _6_,it became colder and the rain began to fall, making it difficult to see the road.After we had travelled for about twenty miles, there was still no_7_of the town which was marked on the map, we were beginning to get _8_. Then, the car suddenly stopped. A quick examination showed that we had used up the gas. Although we had little food with us, we decided to spend the night in the car.Our meal was soon _9_, and then I tried to go to sleep at once, but John, who was a poor sleeper, got out of the car after a few minutes and went for a walk up the hill. Soon he found, in the valley bellow, the _10_of the town we were looking for. We at once pushed the car to the top of the hill. In less than a quarter2009An old man lived in a side street of a small town. Every day after supper, some children would play football in the street. The children were too 1 for the old man to have a good rest.One evening, the old man told the children that he would give them 25 cents each week 2 them play football in the street at night. He said, “I am so glad when you play football happily. ” This was his 3 . The boys were 4 , for they could 5 believe that they could 6 to do something they enjoyed.At the end of the 7 two weeks, the boys came to the old man’s house, and went away each time happily with 8 25 cents. The third week when they came back, however, the old man said he had nearly run out of his money and 9 them away with 15 cents. The fourth week, the old man said he was ill and he had spent almost all his money on medicine. He gave the boys only 10 cents. The boys were very 10 , but there was not much for them to do about it.At the end of the fifth week, the boys came back again only to get 5 cents. After that, the children neverThe Eiffel Tower is one of Europe’s most famous buildings.It 1 in a park near the River Seine in Paris.It is 300 meters tall.It was designed and 2 by A1exandre Gustave Eiffel many years ago for theParis Universal Exposition.“Universal” here means “of the whole world”,and “exposition” is a place where new 3 ,new kinds of art and new kinds of food are displayed.Eiffel hoped that people could go to the top of the tower 4 ,so he asked Elisha Otis to design an elevator.Unfortunately,the 5 government did not like the first design 6 Otis showed them,and they would not let him put the elevator in.In early 1889 the first visitors had to climb hundreds of stairs 7 to the top.It’s interesting that Eiffel 8 lived in the tower where he had his own apartment.Although Eiffel designed the tower for people to visit,it was also for 9 use.Now,the tower gets much more 102007I used to watch a little girl playing basketball every day from my kitchen window.One day I asked her why she practiced so 1 .She said:“I want to go to college.The only way I can go is 2 a scholarship(奖学金).I like basketball and 1 want to be the 3 player in college.My dad told me:“If the dream is big enough,the facts don’t count.”She never changed her mind.1 watched her through those junior high years and into senior high school.One day before she graduated from high school,I saw her sitting on the grass 4 .I asked her what was wrong.She told me that her coach said she was too short to be a good basketball player,so she should stop 5 about going to college.She was heartbroken and it made me feelbad 6 .Then she smiled and told me her father said that coach was wrong.He did not understand the power(力量)of dream.Her father said to her:“If you 7 want to play for the scholarship of a good college,nothing but you 8 can stop your dream.”He told her again:“If the dream is big enough,the facts don’t count.”The next year,she and her team went to a big game.She 9 by a coach of a famous college team and was offered a scholarship to the 10 basketball team of their college.She was to get the college education that she had dreamed of and worked toward for all those years.2006What's the real meaning of the word "peace”? The 1 story may tell us something about it.There was once a king who offered an award to an artist who could paint the 2 picture of peace. Many 3 tried. The king looked at all the pictures. But there were only two he really liked and he had to choose between them.One picture was a calm lake. The lake was a perfect thing for peace because of the high mountains around it. Overhead was a blue sky with white clouds. 4 who saw this picture thought that it was a perfect picture of peace.The other picture had mountains too. But they were rugged (高低不平的). Above was the dark sky, from which heavy rain fell. A waterfall was rushing down the side of the mountain. This did not look 5 at all. But when the king looked 6 , he found behind the waterfall a very small bush 7 in the midst 在….中) of the waterfall and a mother bird sitting on her nest (鸟窝) in perfect peace.The king gave the award to the artist who painted the 8 picture. Why? "Because," explained the king, "peace does not mean 9 in a place where there is no 10 , no trouble or hard work. Peace2005The 26-year-old Sui Feifei who is know as “beauty” on the sports ground shines in basketball games.1 her pretty face and her talent (才能) attract many sports fans.Because Sui is one of the top basketball 2 in Asia (亚洲), she was chosen to play in the WNBA (Women’s NBA) in the US. It’s the 3 time she has worked abroad. She said she was ready for the challenges ahead. She finds friendship and help from her teammates and fans. So she always has confidence in 4 . Much of her confidence comes from her good 5 English.“My best point is that I enjoy speaking—I’m never afraid 6 my mouth!” She likes speaking English to 7 .Off the sports ground, she is a good writer. She reads 8 , from foreign novels to Chinese Kungfu stories. That makes her love writing very much. She writes for many newspapers, and she enjoys 9diaries. She feels free to put her 10 down on paper.答案:2019年答案:1. Britain2. powerful3. themselves4. badly5. funnier6. winning7. hopeless8. pleasant9. totally 10. to understand2018年答案:1. colorful2. chose3. to fly flying4. higher5. Slowly6. but7. itself8.direction9. (the) most 10. importance2017年答案:1.meaning2. excited3.lower4.times5.natural6.lively7.western8.best9.to go 10.differences2016年答案:1. unlucky2. beautiful3. to hold4. kept5. paintings6. colorful7. my8. works9. down 10. gone2015年答案:1.back2. warmly3. second4. simply5. sweeter6. itself7. thanks8. unluckily9. expressions10.feelings2014年答案:1. Amazingly2. farmer3. a little4. others5. Chinese6. easier7. more8. to check9. peaceful 10. unforgettable 2013年答案:1instructions 2lying 3day's/daily 4embarrassed 5lost 6pleasure 7to feel 8carefully 9nobody 10your2012年答案:1. suddenly2. funny3. common4. same5. themselves6.before7. affect8. researchers9. to compare 10. findings 2011答案:1. surprised2. different3. drinking4. others'5. behavior 6 some 7. finer 8. this 9. really 10. to enjoy2010年答案:1.map2. Sure3. Darkness4. Luckily5. Led/leads6. Higher7. Sign8. Worried9. Finished 10. Lights2009年答案:1. noisy2. to see3. explanation4. thrilled5. hardly6. be paid7. first8. their9. sent 10. Unhappy2008年答案:1.stands 2:built 3.1nventlons 4.easily 5.French 6.which 7to get8.himself 9.Scientific 10.Visitors 2007年答案:1.Much 2.to get 3.best 4.sadly 5.Dreaming 6. Too 7.Really 8.yourself 9.was seen 10.women’s 2006年答案:1. following2. best3. artist4. Anyone / Everyone5. peaceful6. closely7. growing8. second9. to be 10. noise 2005年答案:1.both2.players3.first4. Herself5.spoken6.to open7. Others8. Widely9. Keeping 10.thought(s)。
(完整版)中考英语12选10(短文填词选词填空)练习(含答案)
We can’t stop an earthquake(地震), but we can do things to make sure they don’t destroy(毁坏) whole cities. First, it is not a 1 .________ idea to build houses along lines where 2. ________ of the earth’s plates(板块) join together. Second, if you think there 3. ________ be an earthquake, it is better to build houses on rocks , not on 4. ________. Third, you must make the houses as 5. ________ as possible. Weak buildings will fall down in an earthquake, but strong ones may 6. ________ . .Scientists are 7. ________ that one day an even bigger earthquake will hit the part around San Francisco(旧金山) . They call it “ The Big One ”. However, people today are still building more 8. ________ . The population in and around San Francisco is 9. ________ ten times more than it was in 1906. This means that 10. ________ there is another earthquake, a great many houses and buildings will be destroyed.1.good2.two3. may4.sand5.strong6. stay up7. afraid8.houses9.now 10.ifYou may think there is nothing but sand in the desert of the world, but it is not true. In the desert we can 1._______ stones. We can see hills, too. There is a little rain in the 2.________, but it is not 3. ______ for most plants.The animals are 4. _______ to the desert people in many ways. The desert people eat the meat and drink the milk of the animals. They use their skins to 5. ________ shoes, water bags and even tents(帐篷). They use the camels(骆驼) for 6. _______ things.The people of the desert have to keep 7. _______ from places to place. They must always look for grass or desert plants for their animals. They usually live in the tents. When there is mo more food for their animals, they take down their tents, put them on the camels and move to 8. _______ place. The desert people are very 9. _______. No man in the desert would ever refuse to help the people in 10._______ and give them food and water.1.find2.desert3.enougheful5.make6. carrying7. moving8. another9.friendly 10.troubleThomas Edison was a great American 1.________ . When he was a child, he was always 2.________ questions and trying out new ideas. No matter 3.________ hard it was, he never gave up.Young Tom was in school for only three months. His teacher didn’t understand why he had 4.________ many strange questions. Most of them were not about his lessons. The teacher didn’t want to teach Tom any 5.________ . He asked Tom’s mother to take the boy home. Tom’s mother taught him to read and write, and she found him 6.________ a very good pupil. He learnt very fast and became very 7.________ in science.One day , he saw a little boy 8.________ on the railway tracks at a station. A train was coming near quiclly, and the boy was too frightened to move. Edison rushed out and carried the boy to 9 .________. The boy’s father was so 10.________ that he taught Edison to send messages by telegraph.1.inventor2. asking3.how4.so5. more6.to be7.interested8.playing9. safety 10.thankful(2010·新疆省阜康市,八,5)根据对话内容及上下文在空白处填入适当的单词,使对话意思完整。
2020年中考英语备考 选词填空(12选10) 练习题 (含答案)
选词填空(12选10)练习题用方框中所给单词的正确形式填空,其中有两个词是多余的。
Why is "buy things" in Chinese spoken as maidongxi (buy east and west), but not mainanbei (buy south and north)?One theory(假说) says maidongxi has 1_______ to do with the five elements(要素): jin (metal), mu(wood),shui ( water), huo(fire) and tu (earth ). In Chinese culture, the four 2________ have to do with these elements. East matches wood, west matches metal, south matches fire, and north matches water.If someone carries nan (south)and bei (north)in a basket, it means to 3_______ water and fire, which is not even possible. But if one puts dong(east )and xi(west)in one’s basket, of cou rse they can carry metal and wood.There are also more common explanations.One says that in the Tang Dynasty(唐代), here 4________ two popular markets in Cha ng’an, the capital China at that time. One was called the East Market, and the 5_______ was called the West Market. When shopping, people usually went to the East Market 6_______, and then went to the West Market. As time went 7_______, people started to describe shopping as "buying east and west”.The last theory is about Chinas trading history. Around the 5th 8________ , China began trading with the world, and most of its foreign goods (货物) happened to come from the east (Japan)and the west(Arabia). Markets 9________ “thing from the east and west”. It was short for "east and west" 10____________.Which theory do you prefer?Mao Dun was the pen name of Shen Dehong (Shen Yanbing). He is one of the most 1_________ novelists of modern China. He was born in 1896. He began his career as a 2__________ in 1916. In 1920, he translated The Constitution of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union(《苏联共产党党章》) into Chinese. One year 3____________ in Shanghai, Mao Dun became the first writer to join the Communist Party of China. He was China's first Minister of Culture and was elected chairman of the Chinese Writers' Association in 1978. On March 27, 1981, he 4____________ of illness in Beijing.During the period from 1974 5__________ his death, Mao Dun lived and worked in Beijing, and finished writing his reminiscences(回忆录).During his last years, Mao Dun had difficulty 6____________ around and did most of his reading and writing in his bedroom. A single bed, a pillow, sheet and quilt(被子) remain positioned 7__________ they were before his death. Some books that he often read during his last 8__________ are piled on a bedside table. Mao kept pens and paper beside him so that he could write down 9____________ thoughts as he woke up at midnight. On his deathbed, he donatedroyalties( 版税)of 250, 000 yuan to the Chinese Writers' Association to establish the Mao Dun Literature Prize as a way to 10___________ excellent Chinese novelists.World famous physicist Stephen Hawking died peacefully at his home in Cambridge on 14th March, 2018.Hawking was born in Oxford, England on 8th January,1942. He went to school in a 1________ city near London. Although he did well, he was 2_________ top of his class. After 3_______ school, Hawking went first to Oxford University to study physics. Then he went to Cambridge University to study cosmology(宇宙学).At the age of 21, Hawking noticed something wrong with him. He had a bad 4________ that stopped him from moving or talking. He couldn't communicate except by blinking(眨眼). He sat 5_________ a wheelchair with a computer by his side. To communicate, he moved two fingers to 6 ___________ the computer's mouse. He chose his 7__________ from the screen, which were then spoken by a voice synthesizer (音响合成器). “ I’ve had the disease for most of my life," Hawking once said. “8___________ it has not stopped me from being successful at my work.”Although Hawking was a disabled man, he made great achievements. He received many awards for his work, including the Albert Einstein Award---the 9___________ achievement in physics.Hawking worked at Cambridge University as a professor. His story shows that nobody, however bad 10______________ situation is, should lose hope. “Life is not fair," he once said. "You Just have to do the best you can in your own situation.”In 2050, a small cloud floats(漂浮)through the air in a hospital operating room(手术室). In the room a patient, suffering from cancer, lies on a table. The cloud surrounds(包围)the patient, 1__________ her body and filling her lungs(肺). The cloud is not smoke or steam. It is made of millions of microscopic robots called nano-robots(纳米机器人). These tiny robots 2________ from cell((细胞)to cell in the patient's body, destroying the cancer cells.Fighting cancer with nano-robots is 3__________ an idea today, but scientists say that it would be possible in the future. Using nano-robots for good purposes such as fighting disease 4_________ repairing the environment may be the solution to many of today's problems.However, nano-robots could be a 5___________ risk as well. Since nano-robots are so tiny, they will have to work in large teams of many thousands to many millions. For this reason, nano-robots will have to be programmed to build 6___________ . Scientists will not have the ability to build millions of nano-robots one by one.This 7_____________ to reproduce(复制) is making some scientists worried. What if something goes wrong in the programming? Quite a lot of crazy nano-robots would be far 8_________ than any disease. Some people think that if they get out of control, nano-robots could destroy the Earth.What should be done? Should we continue researching nano-robots or should we search 9___________ other methods? This is one of the many difficult 10___________ that we have to make in the future.Maybe many people in the world can not believe this, but the world's most expensive coffee is pretty terrible. Black Ivory coffee is made from beans which are often 1___________ and digested(消化) by Thai elephants. And the price of 2___________ is at $1, 100 per kilogram. Isn't it very 3______________?As we all know, elephants in Thailand are very good at painting, but we don't know they 4_________ make great coffee at all. People can 5__________ the rare Black Ivory at only four resorts(度假村) around the world. There are three in the Maldives and the 6___________ one in Thailand. However, people in the special Anantara Resorts come up 7____________ an unusual idea of making coffee from elephant-digested beans. 8__________ do they use this way to make the great coffee?It seems like a very terrible and boring idea, 9___________ in fact this idea Is correctly right in theory . According to the research,enzymes(酶类) in the elephants’ 10_____________ are able to break down the proteins(蛋白质) in the coffee beans,and because proteins are one of the main ingredients of its bitterness(苦味), less protein means less of the bitterness.When gold was found in California, the USA in 1848, many people left all they had and went there in order to find gold. Two brothers sold all the things 1__________ the people in the gold rush(淘金). They found gold and said the gold belonged to them, and no one else could take it away.Then they started to dig the gold out of the mine(矿). All went 2___________ at first. They were very excited. But then 3___________ strange happened. There was suddenly no gold any more. It seemed that the gold was only on the 4__________. The brothers continued their work, but they ended up 5___________ success after many times. They were disappointed 6___________ they gave up at last. They sold their tools and the mine for 7____________ of dollars, and took the train back home.The man who 8_________ the mine asked an engineer to examine the rock there. The engineer told him to continue digging in the same place. Soon, they succeeded. The place where they found gold was just three feet 9____________ than the one where the two brothers had stopped.A little more persistence(坚持) and the two brothers would be very 10____________.There is gold in you, too, You also have talents. Will you keep digging to find and develop your talents?7.A student asked his teacher, “ What is greed(贪婪)?” The teacher said,“To1________ the answer to your question, go to the chocolate factory and pick the chocolate you like best. But there is a rule. As you pass 2__________ the factory, you cannot turn back.”The student went to the chocolate factory. As he walked through, he saw one chocolate wrapped(包装) 3__________ . He really liked it but he thought that he might find a much 4_________ one later. 5________ he walked further and saw another chocolate. But again, he thought the same and took 6_________ . When he reached near the end of the factory, he couldn't see any bigger chocolate and started to regret his 7__________ of letting it go.Finally, he gave up. He went back to the teacher with 8________ hands and explained what he had done.The teacher told him, "You liked one chocolate very much but you still kept looking for a bigger one. And later you realized what you missed was the best chocolate you could find there. That is 9_________ greed.”In our life we let go of many good things because of our greed of having even better ones. This is human nature. But we let go of many good things 10_________ can give us similar satisfaction and make us happy. Learn to make your choice wisely.It is said that Four-joy Meatballs were first developed in Tang Dynasty(朝代).One year, the emperor(皇帝) 1_________ the imperial examination(殿试)and many students from the whole country took part in it. And 2__________ them, there was the famous Zhang Jiuling. To everyone's 3___________, the poorly dressed Zhang took the first place in the exam and later became the son-in-law(女婿)of the emperor. Usually,people were 4_________ when they were in such happy events, but he wasn't. He was deeply sad because the serious flood(洪水) drove his parents to other places 5____________ any news.6____________ , on the wedding(婚礼) day, Zhang got the news about his parents and sent the guards to bring them back to the capital. And also on that day, the cook who understood 7__________ feelings cooked four big meatballs, and explained the meanings to Zhang. "It is named ‘Four Consummations(圆满)’. The first consummation is your achievement of the 8__________ place in the imperial examination, the second for your wedding, the third for you to become the emperor’s son-in-law, and the last for finding your 9___________,” the cook said. Upon this answer, Zhang Jiuling had a great laugh and said, “ Ju st call it Four-Joy Meatballs.”Since then, the Four-Joy Meatballs were passed down 10___________ now. Nowadays the dish is often seen on the dinner table. Many people still like itThere are 24 solar terms (节气)in China. The Grain Rain(谷雨) is one of 1_________. It falls on April 20 this year.This solar term is called the Grain Rain because it is known 2_________ “rain” that helps the grain grow. From its name, we can guess it means a time of 3__________ rain. So if you go out in the next two weeks, you may need to bring a(n)4 ____________ with you.But this is a great time for planting crops. If you 5___________ the time for planting during the Grain Rain, you will feel sorry later. So maybe you can try to plant some flowers 6_________ vegetables in your garden. When the spring rain 7___________ , farmers begin to grow crops. Farmers often say,“ Spring rain is as precious(珍贵的)as oil. "It brings farmers hope for a good year ahead.There are 8_________ many interesting customs during the Grain Rain. In the northern part of China, people like to eat Chinese toon(椿芽) mixed with eggs. The food made during the Grain Rain tastes 9__________ and is good for your stomach. In the southern part of China. the tea 10__________ are picked during the time. They are called Grain Rain tea, which is famous for its freshness and sweet smell.What's the most popular school activity for American students? The answer is the school dance. Most American high schools have 1__________ least two dances during the year, one in winter and the other in spring. Students take part in these dances 2__________ it's a great chance for them to meet new friends and to be sociable(好交际的). At the school dance, every 3________ is from all grades and classes.4_________ all students take part in the school dance? The answer is "No". At the school dance, there will be strict 5__________ to help to create an enjoyable evening for the students.Most schools only accept dancers under 21 years 6_________ . And in order to create a safe environment, all the dancers will be given a check before 7____________ come into the dance area. This is acceptable(可接受的).But some rules may be a little bit over the top. For example, a school once asked its students to keep a standing position while they were 8______________.As a result, the students 9____________ don't have the chance of showing their cool dancing skills. However, you'd better not 10____________ the rules, or you'll be asked to leave the dance flo or, or even worse, be put on a “do not invite” li st.Everyone wants to relax after studying for a long time. I have many ways of relaxing 1_______ . Let me tell you some of my favorites.I am a big sports fan, so the way I relax is to 2_________ or play many kinds of sports. My favorite is tennis, but I am interested in all kinds of sports. Whether I am playing tennis or watching a game on TV, it is exciting to see team 3____________ doing their best. It's amazing to see players playing very 4______________ . It's true that playing sports is not physically “relaxing”, but I find it really cool, and a good way of "relaxing" my brain after a day’s hard study.I enjoy listening to music, and I always have some music playing 5__________ my free time, I listen to all types, and especially I 6______________ listening to beautiful piano music when Iwas young. Some people can't study 7_____________ listening to music. But for me, I believe I can study 8_____________ by listening to light songs.Some people 9____________ to relax by traveling. I don't have a favorite place, but I hear that traveling in Japan is really enjoyable. I like visiting 10______________ kinds of places and eating famous snacks there. I also enjoy sightseeing and seeing how the culture and people change from place to place.In today's world, sleep experts often say that for a better night's rest, Americans should turn 1_________ their smart phones or iPads before sleeping. Such electronic products make the brain 2____________ , and then influence their sleep. But according to a latest survey, more than 90% of Americans often use a computer or some other 3__________ of electronic products in the hour before bed.Researchers find that man-made light 4__________ some electronic products at night may reduce(减少) the brain chemicals that help sleep. In the study, the researchers let volunteers read, play games and watch movies on a screen for different time while measuring how much light5__________ eyes received. They found that two hours of 6____________ before a bright screen at night reduced the sleep chemical levels by about 22%.Then the researchers studied the college students 7____________ often used computers at night. They got the 8_____________ results. And researchers say that may not only cause sleeplessness, but also 9____________ the risk of obesity(肥胖症),diabetes(糖尿病) and other diseases.To be on the safe side, the researchers suggest that we should use computer less than before, 10___________ turn down our screens as much as possible before sleeping.参考答案:1. 1.something2.directions3.carry4.were5.other6.first7.by8.century9.sold ter2. 1. famous 2. writer3. later4. died5. until6. getting7. as8. years9. his 10. encourage3. 1.small 2. never 3. leaving4. illness5. on6 control 7. words 8. But 9. highest 10. their4. 1. covering 2. move 3. only 4 or5. bad6. themselves7.ability 8 more dangerous 9. for 10. decisions5. 1. eaten 2. it 3. funny 4 also 5 enjoy6. fourth7. with8. Why9. but 10, stomachs6. 1. to join 2 well 3. something 4, surface 5. without6. that7.hundreds8. bought9. deeper 10. rich7. 1. find 2. through 3. nicely 4. bigger 5. So6. nothing7. decision8. empty9. called 10, which8. 1. held 2. among 3. surprise 4. excited 5. Without6. Luckily7. his8. first9. parents 10. until9. 1. them 2. for 3 more 4. umbrella 5. miss6, or 7. falls 8. also 9. wonderful 10 leaves10 1. at 2. because 3 student 4. Can 5 rules6. old7. they8. dancing9. usually 10. break11 1. myself 2, watch 3 members 4. well 5. during6. enjoyed7. while8. better9. choose 10 different12 1. off 2 more active 3 kinds 4. from 5. their6. sitting7. who8. similar9. raise 10 or。
初三中考(完整版)英语单项选择专题(练习题含答案)
初三中考(完整版)英语单项选择专题(练习题含答案)一、选择题1.— Nanjing, ________ capital of Jiangsu Province, is ________ ancient city.A.the; a B.an; an C.an; a D.the; an 2.Look, there is “u” and“s” in the word university .A.an ; an B.a; an C.a; a D./ ; a 3.—Don’t you think Huawei company is ________ success?—Yes, I do. Huawei smartphones are popular among ________ public in China.A.the; a B.a; the C.a; a D./; the4.— Is there ________ library in your new school?—Yes, it’s just ________ east of the experimen t building.A.a; the B.a; / C.the;/ D.the; the二、选择题5.Dora always comes up with new ideas, but ________ is of any value to me.A.none B.nothing C.no one D.neither 6.—Tickets for Friday.—Sorry, we’ve got ________ left.A.none B.nothing C.no D.no one 7.—To day’s Yangtze Evening, please.—There’s only one copy left. Would you like ________?A.they B.them C.it D.one 8.—Oh, I came in such a hurry that I left my text book at home.—Don’t worry. I’ll share ________ with you.A.my B.me C.myself D.mine9.We’d like to recommend Millie as the Young Star because of ________ effort and kindness. A.our B.ours C.her D.hers10.Miss Liu is kind enough to help us whenever she is needed. We all like ______.A.she B.her C.him D.them 11.Wearing red makes________easy________us to take action.A.it; for B.this; of C.that; for D.it; of 12.Though I agree with most of what you said, that doesn't mean I agree with _________. A.anything B.nothing C.everything D.something三、选择题13.All the ________ was for nothing because the visit was cancelled. Put it away now. A.pollution B.connection C.suggestion D.preparation 14.The number of the people who use Huawei ________ is getting larger and larger. A.products B.customers C.cultures D.histories15.If you’re good at English, you will have one more ________ when searching for jobs. A.method B.advantage C.interest D.interview 16.—Wow, you play the violin so well!—Thank you, but that’s the only musical ________ I can play.A.instruction B.instrument C.introduction D.invention 17.Yancheng Nature Reserve covers an ______ of over 45,000 square kilometers. It is one of the world’s most important wetlands.A.area B.object C.space D.population四、选择题18.Our monitor Jenny is so ________ that she always keeps things in good order. A.organized B.practical C.generous D.modest 19.Because of the war, love and happiness were totally ________ from little Tom’s childhood. A.separate B.absent C.extra D.blind20.The Spring Festival is one of the ______ festivals in China and everyone loves to celebrate it. A.modern B.traditional C.international D.ancient21.It's very ________ for teenagers to feel a little bit worried and stressed because most of us have such feelings.A.common B.strange C.curious D.energetic 22.— You see, more and more cows are getting sick.—If the problem is so ________, the farm will be closed from tomorrow on.A.heavy B.popular C.strong D.serious五、选择题23.Don’t be afraid of difficulties. Remember: kites rise highest ________ the wind, not with it. A.over B.against C.across D.along24.—Why can’t we drive in the emergency lane (应急车道) on expressway?—Because the lane makes it possible to race ________ the clock to save people’s lives. A.beyond B.over C.against D.through25.To my pleasure, my family is always ________me, so I can follow my dreams with great courage.A.past B.above C.upon D.behind26.The ending of the film Diary of Dinosaurs was so surprising and fully went ________ my imagination.A.across B.over C.through D.beyond27.—I want to visit Liaoning History Museum. Is it open today?—No. It opens every day ________ Monday.A.except B.till C.between D.after 28.—When is your birthday?—My birthday is ________ August 21st.A.on B.at C.in D.for六、选择题29.—Excuse me, does Mr. Smith’s son live here?— He ________ be here. But now he ________ in the city.A.used to; is used to live B.was used to; is used to livingC.used to; is used to living D.is used to; used to live30.No rules, all things will not be long. Without proper lessons, you could ________ a lot of bad habits when playing the piano.A.give up B.catch up C.keep up D.pick up 31.—Your spoken English is very good. How do you improve it?—Thanks. Mrs. Wang always asks us to ________ dialogues in our English classes and practice speaking English as often as possible.A.take up B.make up C.put up D.mop up32.-Oh,my God! I have ________ five pounds!-No worries. It’s normal for a growing teenage girl.A.put up B.put down C.put on D.put off33.The job ________ to be harder than they thought.A.found out B.turned out C.ran out D.worked out 34.Scientists need to ________ several surveys before making a conclusion.A.give up B.carry out C.hear of D.look for 35.—We have waited for Tom for half an hour. Why hasn’t he ________ yet?—He may have got lost. Let me call him.A.cheered up B.taken up C.stayed up D.shown up 36.Judy waited a long time for her mom, but she didn't ________.A.show up B.get up C.wake up D.stay up37.—________ at these three years in junior high, which teacher will you miss most?—Mr. Zhang. His classes are always interesting and lively.A.Looking back B.Looking around C.Looking up D.Looking for七、选择题38.—Must I finish all my homework today, Mum?—No, you ________, my dear. You can finish some tomorrow if you like.A.needn’t B.shouldn’t C.can’t D.mustn’t 39.Sometimes smiles ________ be false, hiding other feelings like anger, fear or worry. A.should B.would C.must D.can40.You ________ drive after drinking alcohol(酒). It’s against the law.A.mustn’t B.needn’t C.couldn’t D.wouldn’t 41.—Who’s singing next door? Is it Miss Wang?—It ________ be her. She’s having the board meeting.A.can’t B.shouldn’t C.mustn’t D.needn’t 42.—Who is singing next door? It sounds like a young girl’s voice.—It _________ be Jane. But she seldom sings English songs.A.need B.must C.may D.can43.To avoid ________, we’d better ________ the parents’ meeting online.A.gather; hold B.gathering; hold C.gather; holding D.to gather; to hold 44.—Hurry up, Jack! Let’s cross the road as fast as possible.—No, you ________. Don’t you see the light is still red?A.couldn’t B.wouldn’t C.mustn’t D.needn’t45.We shouldn’t throw any objects from the building. Even a small object ________ cause serious injuries or death, when dropped from a great height.A.must B.should C.may D.need八、选择题46.— terrible mess you have made!—Sorry, I will clear it up right now.A.What B.What a C.How D.How a 47.— Many people say the temperature in Yangzhou this spring is just like a roller coaster.—I can’t agree more. ________ !A.What a strange weather! B.How a strange weather!C.What changeable weather! D.How changeable weather!48.________ it is to play volleyball on the beach!A.What fun B.What a fun C.How fun D.How a fun 49.—It’s said that scientists have carried out the vaccine of the COVID-19!— _________ amazing news it is!A.What an B.How an C.What D.How50.— Many people say the temperature in Wuxi this spring is just like a roller coaster.—I can’t agree more. __________!A.What a strange weather B.What an unusual weatherC.What unusual weather D.How unusual weather51.—Steve, did you eat Beijing Duck during your visit to Beijing?—Sure ! ________ delicious food!A.What a B.How a C.What D.How 52.—Did you go travelling during the May Day holiday?—Yes, I did. But you can’t imagine ________ the traffic was!A.What heavy B.what a heavy C.how heavy D.how a heavy 53.You can't imagine amazing they are you see them with your eyes.A.what; unless B.how; unlessC.how; if D.what; if九、选择题54.---- does Joanna take the course in DIY?----Every Saturday afternoon.A.How long B.How much C.How soon D.How often55.—I’m looking forward to the film Transformer 7(《变形金刚7》). ________will it begin?—________ the 28th June, 2020.A.When; Until B.How long; Not untilC.When; Not until D.How long; Until十、选择题56.A number of volunteers ____________ for the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games. A.will be needed B.were needed C.are needing D.will be needing 57.When the natural park _____ ,it will be a good place for people to play and relax. A.has completed B.will complete C.is completed D.will be completed 58.—How do you like the poem ? —It’s a bit too long, but anyway, it________well. A.reads B.is read C.is reading D.has read 59.— Mom, can I eat a hamburger? —- Sure, if the dishes __________.A.washed B.are washed C.will wash D.will be washed 十一、选择题60.—Mary, may I use your ipad for an hour?—Sorry. I ________ on it.A.work B.am working C.have worked D.worked 61.—Where’s Kelly, Mum?—She ________ a poster for the community in her bedroom.A.makes B.will make C.made D.is making 62.—Ethan, let’s go to play basketball, shall we?—Sorry, I can’t. I ________Yao Ming’s game. Would you mind going later?A.watch B.have watched C.am watching D.was watching 63.My grandma ________ the old photos. There is a big smile on her face.A.enjoys B.enjoyed C.will enjoy D.is enjoying 64.—Bob, can you take the dog for a walk?—Sorry, Dad. I ________ an online class.A.take B.took C.am taking D.have taken 65.—Can Peter play games with us, Mrs. Hawking?—Wait a minute. He ________ a shower.A.is taking B.taken C.took D.was taking 66.Be quiet, please. They _________ a meeting now.A.have B.had C.are having D.were having 67.—Mom, it’s so late. Why don’t you go to bed?—Your brother hasn’t come back yet. I ________ for him.A.wait B.am waiting C.has waited D.waited十二、选择题68.Stephen Hawking had a serious illness, _______ he kept studying physics.A.and B.but C.so D.or69.(江苏省无锡市锡北片2017届九年级下学期期中考试)— Are you willing to buy something big like a house from online shops?—It sounds great ______________ I won’t do that.A.but B.unless C.though D.since70.The music was too loud, I turned it down.A.so B.because C.but D.or71.You’d better get up early, you will miss the first class.A.so B.and C.or D.but72.I got up late yesterday, ____ I had to take my breakfast with me on the bus.A.and B.but C.or D.so十三、选择题73.—Excuse me, can you tell me ________?—Sorry, I don’t know. You can go to the information desk.A.that there is a train B.when the train leavesC.where does the train go D.which train can I take74.—Do you know________ ?—Tomorrow afternoon.A.when will the headmaster give us a talkB.where will the headmaster give us a talkC.when the headmaster will give us a talkD.where the headmaster will give us a talk75.—Could you please tell me ________ for travelling this summer?—We plan to go to the Great Wall.A.how will your family go B.how your family will goC.where your family will go D.where will your family go76.—Ann, could you tell me ________ yesterday?—Oh, I went to the supermarket for shopping near my home.A.where did you go B.when you went C.who you will go with D.where you went 77.—Excuse me, do you know ________?—Well, go along this street and turn right. It’s on the left.A.how can I get to the bank B.where I can find a restaurantC.when I can find a restaurant D.what can I do next78.— Sandy, could you tell me ________ the beautiful hair clip?— Oh, I bought it in a shop near the school.A.where you will buy B.where will you buyC.where did you buy D.where you bought79.—I think it’s difficult to write the book report in two days. I really don’t know ________.— Plan your time properly, and you can make it.A.why I have to do it B.when will I finish it C.how I can do it D.if can I finish it 80.—About the Chinese Dream, could you please tell us ________, Mr. Wang?—By pulling together.A.how can we make it come true B.how we can make it come trueC.when can we make it come true D.when we can make it come true81.-Excuse me, I'm afraid we're lost. Could you tell us __________?-Sure. Go along the street for about 15 minutes, and then you'll see it.A.how can I get to Wanda Shopping Mall B.where Wanda Shopping Mall isC.how far is Wanda Shopping Mall D.where is Wanda Shopping Mall 82.The police wondered_____.A.whose handbag it is B.whose handbag it wasC.whose handbag is it D.whose handbag was it十四、选择题83.—What makes you so brave to volunteer in the community?—Because I know that there must be so many people __________ for our support.A.to wait B.wait C.waiting D.waited 84.When I got b ack home I saw a note on the door ____ “Sorry to miss you; will call later.”A.say B.says C.to say D.saying85.The film _______ real-life events ________ by Li An. It’s moving.A.based upon, directed B.based upon, was directedC.was based upon, directed D.was based upon, was directed86.The girl is so helpful that she devoted all her spare time she had ________ others.A.to helping B.helping C.to help D.helped 87.Tom’s decided to devote all he could ________ his English before going abroad.A.to improving B.have improvedC.to improve D.improve88.—Look! This photo was taken four years ago!—It’s interesting! I used to short hair, but now I am used to a ponytail (马尾辫). A.wear; tie B.wear; tying C.wearing; tie D.wearing; tying 89.—Li Dan, the first Chinese science fiction movie The Wandering Earth is well worth________ . You must go and see it.—OK. I’m going to take my daughter to watch it.A.to be watched B.being watched C.to watch D.watching 90.—I hope to take the DIY course at weekends.—Good idea. ________ more about it, visit the website http://www. . please. A.Know B.To know C.Knowing D.To knowing 91.Don’t forget ________ the door when you leave here.A.lock B.locking C.to lock D.locked 92.—How much work have you finished ______ for the coming exam?—Everything is done. I’m ready for it.A.prepared B.preparing C.to prepare D.to preparing 93.Huawei has succeeded in ________new software for his products. I can’t wait ________a new Huawei mobile.A.developing, to buy B.developed, buying C.developing, buy D.develop, buying 94.Fans all over the country are talking about ________ this football team has never won any match and ________ to do with it.A.whether; how B.why; how C.whether; what D.why; what 95.–Your robot has caught a virus and it no longer works properly.–Wow, ______ mess it has made! I really don’t know _______ to do with it.A.what, how B.how, how C.what a, what D.how, what96.___________for his good skill, this doctor has a lot of visitors calling for help all the time. A.Knowing B.To know C.Known D.To have known十五、选择题97.—Mary got the first prize in the writing competition after years of hard work.—_________.A.No pain, no gain B.A miss is as good as a mileC.Don't burn the candle at both ends D.A friend in need is a friend indeed 98.—Mom, I spent a whole night preparing for the exam.—My God.___don't stay up too late, or you' ll be tired out.A.You can't put your eggs in one basketB.The grass is always greener on the other sideC.You can't burn the candle at both endsD.Do as Romans do when in Rome99.---All the people of Taizhou need to work together to make our city more beautiful.---That’s it . __________.A.Practice makes perfectB.Many hands make light work.C.When in Rome, do as the Romans doD.A friend in need is a friend indeed.100.—Is the air pollution getting better these days?—No. ________ , water in the rivers nearby is becoming worse and worse. Can you find out the reason?A.It never rains but it pours B.A miss is as good as a mileC.The early bird catches the worm D.Burn the candle at both ends【参考答案】一、选择题1.D解析:D【详解】句意:——南京,江苏省省会,是一座古老的城市。
中考英语12选10(含答案)
三年中考十选二精选试题一、they free until busy quite good finish learn luck enough manyMost people have their jobs. They go to work nearly every day. Some people are 1_________.Either they have very interesting jobs or they make a lot of money. Most people are not so lucky. Either their jobs are not very interesting or they don't make 2_________ money. The most interesting jobs are often the most difficult. People spend a long time 3_________ how to do them. Doctors study for at least six years after 4_________ school.Some young people have interesting and high-pay jobs. Many young players do their work successfully. Football and tennis stars are usually under 35 years old. Older people usually cannot play these sports very 5__________. They cannot move fast 6___________. Golf, however, is a good sport for older people. Many golf players are 7__________ old. But they can play it successfully.Most people work 8_____________ they are 60 or 65 years old. Then they retire(退休) and have a lot of 9____________ time. Some people never retire though. These people usually have very interesting jobs. Writers, artists, scientists and actors usually work until they die. Their work is 10___________ life.二、先阅读短文,然后根据短文内容从方框内所给的单词中选择最恰当的词(注意词形变化)填入短文空白处,使短文完整、通顺。
2020届中考语文全程训练 课后刷题本12 现代文阅读-说明文(10篇含答案)
2020届中考语文全程训练课后刷题本12现代文阅读-说明文1.阅读下面材料,完成下列小题:中国适合走向“汽车社会”吗?①2009年,中国以1300多万辆汽车首次超越美国,成为世界汽车产销第一大国。
中国人虽然理应享受汽车文明,但中国不可能像西方国家那样,达到那么高的汽车拥有率。
原因如下:②第一,土地制约。
城市街道交通拥堵,不少街道两侧摆满了车,远远看去就如一条长龙,不少住宅区、公共绿化带等也都成了“停车场”。
中国已占用了太多的良田、林地、草原用于新建、扩建公路。
占地面积数量大的高速公路通车总里程已突破5万公里,相当于美国的近60%;而占地面积相对较少的铁路总里程仅有8.4万公里,只相当于美国的1/3。
这说明中国交通发展向汽车倾斜的程度超过了美国。
③第二,能源制约。
美国的汽车普及率已超过..50%,如果中国的汽车普及率达到美国的水平,到2020年预计中国将有6.9亿辆汽车。
若以每辆汽车每年平均耗油2吨来计算,中国的总耗油量将达13.8亿吨,相当于目前全球每年石油贸易量的86%。
这可能吗?即使普及电动汽车,也只不过是改变了使用能源的种类。
中国超过70%的电能来自化石燃料中最具污染力的煤,这种状况在今后相当长的时期内也难以改变,电动汽车的普及不可能明显缓解能源的制约。
④第三,环境制约。
汽车尾气排放正在成为最大的污染源。
如果今后二三十年中国的汽车普及量达到6.9亿辆,就意味着未来废气排放量相当于当前世界所有的汽车排放的总和。
⑤受土地、能源、环境这三大因素的制约,中国是否适合做一个“汽车轮子上的国家”呢?(1)中国汽车拥有率低于西方国家的原因是什么?(2)文中第②段画线句运用了什么说明方法?有何作用?(3)文章第③段中加点词语“超过”能否删除?为什么?(4)为了让中国尽快走向“汽车社会”,你能提出哪些合理化建议?2.阅读下面材料,完成下列小题:【材料一】梦的解析梦,也有梦想的意思。
古人相信,做梦总要有原因的,王符就曾说“夫奇异之梦,多有收而少无为者矣”,他认为做梦总有原因可寻,正所谓“日有所思,夜有所梦”。
2006年-2015年成都中考英语选词填空(十二选十)真题汇总(含答案)
2015back, bad, express, feel, it, loud, luck, simple, sweet, thank, two, warmOnce upon a time, a young man came across a spring(泉水)of clear water while crossing the desert. The water was very sweet, and he filled his leather container (皮革容器)so he could bring some1____________to his teacher. After a four-day journey, he presented the water to his teacher. The old man took a deep drink, smiled 2____________ and thanked his student very much for the sweet water. The young man returned to his village with a happy heart. After a while, the teacher let 3_____________ student taste the water. He spat(吐) it out, saying it was terrible. It was clear that the water had become no longer fresh and sweet because of the old leather container. The student questioned his teacher: “Master, the water tasted strange. Why did you still like it?”The teacher replied, “You4_____________tasted the water while I tasted the gift. The water was the container for an act of loving-kindness and nothing could be 5 .”After reading the story, we can understand that when we receive a chocolate as a gift from a child, we get more than the chocolate 6____________. What we should do properly is to express 7_____________naturally to him or her because we love the idea within the gift.Gratitude(感谢) doesn’t always come naturally.8 , most children and many grown-ups like only the thing given rather than the 9______________ shown in it. We should remind ourselves and teach our children about the beauty of feelings and 10___________ of gratitude. After all, gifts from the heart are really gifts of the heart2014check China difficult easy farm forget little many other peace amazing seriousLook at the picture, what do you see? 1 , some people say it’s anold man, while others say it’s a young woman and an old2 . It is aproblem with many answers. Why? When you look at a problem from differentviews, you get different answers. Just turn it in your mind 3 bit, and youmay see it in a completely new way.Some people only form an idea in their mind “A problem has only oneanswer, and all the 4 are wrong.” Some even laugh at the differentanswers others come up with. Well, they’re wrong! If people only believed inone answer, we might still think the world is square(方形的)! What’s one plusone? That’s easy, two! Right? Well, that’s one right answer, but not the onlyanswer. You might think of 11, or some 5 characters like “二” or “十”!What’s a mom plus a dad? You might think of two people, or a man and a woman, or a whole family! So, even the 6 questions can have many answers. Of course, some problems do only have one answer.If each of the questions in a math test had 7 than one answer, it would bequite a problem for teachers 8 . Look at things in different ways, face your life with a 9 mind, and you’ll see a completely different world. After reading my article, if I ask you again: “What do you see in this picture?”, will you still give the same answer now? I’m sure this picture will be 10 to you. 2013somebody feel day successfully lie youpleasant discover careful lose instruction embarrassOne day, a student was talking with a professor (教授), who’s kind to those who waited on his 1.______________.As they went along, they saw a pair of old shoes 2.___________ on the path (小路), which, they supposed, belonged to a poor man working in a nearby field (田地). He had neatly finished his 3.____________ work.The student came to a stop, and said to the professor, “Let’s play a hoax on the man: we hide his shoes, hide ourselves and wait to see how 4._____________ he would be when he finds that his shoes are 5.__________ .”“My friend,” answered the professor, “We should never enjoy ourselves while making the poor sad. Now you are rich, why not give yourself a much greater 6._____________ by helping the poor man? Put a coin into each shoe, hide ourselves and see what will h appen to him.”The student did so, and they both places themselves behind the nearby trees.After finishing his work, the poor man came across the field to the path. Putting his foot into one of his shoes, he felt something unusual. He stopped 7._____________ what it was and he found the coin.He took out the coin, surprised, and looked at it 8.______________ for a while. Then he looked around, but 9._____________ was there. Then he started to put on the other shoe. He got much more surprises when he found the other coin.The poor man then looked up into the sky and shouted “Thank You!” The student stood there with tears (眼泪) in his eyes. “Now,” said the professor, “aren’t you more pleased than if you had played 10.__________ planned hoax?”“You’ve taught me a lesson which I will never forget,” answered the student.2012年research common they fun before computesudden social same find affect exactWorried That People Are Laughing at You?Imagine this situation. You pass a group of people. The people are talking to each other. You cannot hear what they are saying. But 1 they start laughing. What would you think? Would you think they were laughing at something 2 that one of them said? Or, to be honest with yourself, would you think they were laughing at you? Yes, you.Being laughed at is a 3 fear. But a major study published(公布)in 2009 found that this fear is not the 4 around the world, It differs from culture to culture.Some people in the study said they felt unsure of 5 in social situations and hid their feelings of insecurity (不安全). Others said they avoided (回避) social situations where they had been laughed at 6 .Shy people often avoid situations that would make them get into close contact (接触) with other people. They worry that something they say or do will make other people laugh at them, It can be truly sad for those who live with the fear of laught er. It can 7 how they lead their lives.In the study, a team from the University of Zurich led more than ninety 8 from around the world. They wanted to understand the difference between normal shyness and true fear of being laughed at. Another purpose of the study was 9 the levels of fear of being laughed at in different cultures. The scientists surveyed more than twenty-two thousand people in forty-two different languages. The 10 would appear in Scientific Humor.【2011•四川成都】二、短文填空。
2020年中考数学试题含答案 (12)
2020学年中考数学试卷一、选择题(本大题共10小题,共30分)1.比1小2的数是A. B. C. D. 1【答案】A【解析】解:.故选:A.求比1小2的数就是求1与2的差.本题主要考查有理数的减法法则:减去一个数等于加上这个数的相反数这是需要熟记的内容.2.下列运算正确的是A. B. C. D.【答案】C【解析】解:A、应为,故本选项错误;B、应为,故本选项错误;C、,正确;D、应为,故本选项错误.故选:C.根据同底数的幂的运算法则、合并同类项法则及完全平方公式计算.本题考查同底数幂的乘法,同底数幂的除法,合并同类项法则,完全平方公式,计算时要认真.3.长度单位1纳米米,目前发现一种新型病毒直径为25 100纳米,用科学记数法表示该病毒直径是A. 米B. 米C. 米D. 米【答案】D【解析】解:米故选D.先将25100用科学记数法表示为,再和相乘.中,a的整数部分只能取一位整数,此题中的n应为负数.4.小红上学要经过三个十字路口,每个路口遇到红、绿灯的机会都相同,小红希望上学时经过每个路囗都是绿灯,但实际这样的机会是A. B. C. D.【答案】B【解析】解:画树状图,得共有8种情况,经过每个路口都是绿灯的有一种,实际这样的机会是,故选:B.列举出所有情况,看个路口都是绿灯的情况占总情况的多少即可.此题考查了树状图法求概率,树状图法适用于三步或三步以上完成的事件,解题时要注意列出所有的情形用到的知识点为:概率所求情况数与总情况数之比.5.一个正方体的平面展开图如图所示,将它折成正方体后“建”字对面是A. 和B. 谐C. 凉D. 山【答案】D【解析】解:对于正方体的平面展开图中相对的面一定相隔一个小正方形,由图形可知,与“建”字相对的字是“山”.故选:D.本题考查了正方体的平面展开图,对于正方体的平面展开图中相对的面一定相隔一个小正方形,据此作答.注意正方体的空间图形,从相对面入手,分析及解答问题.6.一组数据:3,2,1,2,2的众数,中位数,方差分别是A. 2,1,B. 2,2,C. 3,1,2D. 2,1,【答案】B【解析】解:从小到大排列此数据为:1,2,2,2,3;数据2出现了三次最多为众数,2处在第3位为中位数平均数为,方差为,即中位数是2,众数是2,方差为.故选:B.找中位数要把数据按从小到大的顺序排列,位于最中间的一个数或两个数的平均数为中位数;众数是一组数据中出现次数最多的数据,注意众数可以不只一个利用方差公式计算方差.本题属于基础题,考查了确定一组数据的中位数、方差和众数的能力注意找中位数的时候一定要先排好顺序,然后再根据奇数和偶数个来确定中位数,如果数据有奇数个,则正中间的数字即为所求如果是偶数个则找中间两位数的平均数.7.若,则正比例函数与反比例函数在同一坐标系中的大致图象可能是A. B. C. D.【答案】B【解析】解:,分两种情况:当,时,正比例函数数的图象过原点、第一、三象限,反比例函数图象在第二、四象限,无此选项;当,时,正比例函数的图象过原点、第二、四象限,反比例函数图象在第一、三象限,选项B符合.故选:B.根据及正比例函数与反比例函数图象的特点,可以从,和,两方面分类讨论得出答案.本题主要考查了反比例函数的图象性质和正比例函数的图象性质,要掌握它们的性质才能灵活解题.8.下列图形中既是轴对称图形,又是中心对称图形的是A. B. C. D.【答案】D【解析】解:A、不是轴对称图形,是中心对称图形,故本选项错误;B、既不是轴对称图形,也不是中心对称图形,故本选项错误;C、既不是轴对称图形,也不是中心对称图形,故本选项错误;D、既是轴对称图形,又是中心对称图形.故选:D.根据轴对称图形和中心对称图形的概念对各选项分析判断即可得解.本题考查了中心对称图形与轴对称图形的概念轴对称图形的关键是寻找对称轴,图形两部分折叠后可重合,中心对称图形是要寻找对称中心,旋转180度后两部分重合.9.如图将矩形ABCD沿对角线BD折叠,使C落在处,交AD于点E,则下到结论不一定成立的是A.B.C. ∽D.【答案】C【解析】解:A、,,,所以正确.B、,,EDB正确.D、,.故选:C.主要根据折叠前后角和边相等找到相等的边之间的关系,即可选出正确答案.本题主要用排除法,证明A,B,D都正确,所以不正确的就是C,排除法也是数学中一种常用的解题方法.10.如图,是的外接圆,已知,则的大小为A.B.C.D.【答案】A【解析】解:中,,,,,故选:A.首先根据等腰三角形的性质及三角形内角和定理求出的度数,再利用圆周角与圆心角的关系求出的度数.本题主要考查了圆周角定理的应用,涉及到的知识点还有:等腰三角形的性质以及三角形内角和定理.二、填空题(本大题共6小题,共24分)11.分解因式:______,______.【答案】;【解析】解:;.观察原式,找到公因式a后,发现符合平方差公式的形式,直接运用公式可得;观察原式,找到公因式2后,发现符合完全平方差公式的形式,直接运用公式可得.本题考查整式的因式分解一般地,因式分解有两种方法,提公因式法,公式法,能提公因式先提公因式,然后再考虑公式法.12.已知 ∽ 且::2,则AB:______.【答案】1:【解析】解: ∽ ,:::2,::.根据相似三角形的面积比等于相似比的平方求解即可.本题的关键是理解相似三角形的面积比等于相似比的平方.13.有两名学员小林和小明练习射击,第一轮10枪打完后两人打靶的环数如图所示,通常新手的成绩不太稳定,那么根据图中的信息,估计小林和小明两人中新手是______.【答案】小林【解析】解:由于小林的成绩波动较大,根据方差的意义知,波动越大,成绩越不稳定,故新手是小林.故填小林.观察图象可得:小明的成绩较集中,波动较小,即方差较小;故小明的成绩较为稳定;根据题意,一般新手的成绩不太稳定,故新手是小林.本题考查方差的意义方差是用来衡量一组数据波动大小的量,方差越大,表明这组数据偏离平均数越大,即波动越大,数据越不稳定;反之,方差越小,表明这组数据分布比较集中,各数据偏离平均数越小,即波动越小,数据越稳定.14.已知一个正数的平方根是和,则这个数是______.【答案】【解析】解:根据题意可知:,解得,所以,,故答案为:.由于一个非负数的平方根有2个,它们互为相反数依此列出方程求解即可.本题主要考查了平方根的逆运算,平时注意训练逆向思维.15.若不等式组的解集是,则______.【答案】【解析】解:由不等式得,,,,,,.故答案为.解出不等式组的解集,与已知解集比较,可以求出a、b的值,然后相加求出2009次方,可得最终答案.本题是已知不等式组的解集,求不等式中另一未知数的问题可以先将另一未知数当作已知处理,求出解集与已知解集比较,进而求得零一个未知数.16.将绕点B逆时针旋转到,使A、B、在同一直线上,若,,,则图中阴影部分面积为______.【答案】【解析】解:,,,,,,,阴影部分面积扇形扇形.故答案为:.易得整理后阴影部分面积为圆心角为,两个半径分别为4和2的圆环的面积.本题利用了直角三角形的性质,扇形的面积公式求解.三、计算题(本大题共3小题,共24分)17.先化简,再选择一个你喜欢的数要合适哦代入求值:.【答案】解:,当时,原式.【解析】根据分式的加法和除法可以化简题目中的式子,再选取一个使得原分式有意义的值代入即可解答本题.本题考查分式的化简求值,解答本题的关键是明确分式的化简求值的计算方法.18.如图,要在木里县某林场东西方向的两地之间修一条公路MN,已知C点周围200米范围内为原始森林保护区,在MN上的点A处测得C在A的北偏东方向上,从A向东走600米到达B处,测得C在点B的北偏西方向上.是否穿过原始森林保护区,为什么?参考数据:若修路工程顺利进行,要使修路工程比原计划提前5天完成,需将原定的工作效率提高,则原计划完成这项工程需要多少天?【答案】解:理由如下:如图,过C作于H.设,由已知有,,则,.在中,,在中,,,,解得米米.不会穿过森林保护区.设原计划完成这项工程需要y天,则实际完成工程需要天.根据题意得:解得:.经检验知:是原方程的根.答:原计划完成这项工程需要25天.【解析】要求MN是否穿过原始森林保护区,也就是求C到MN的距离要构造直角三角形,再解直角三角形;根据题意列方程求解.考查了构造直角三角形解斜三角形的方法和分式方程的应用.19.我们常用的数是十进制数,如,数要用10个数码又叫数字:0、1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9,在电子计算机中用的二进制,只要两个数码:0和1,如二进制中等于十进制的数6,等于十进制的数那么二进制中的数101011等于十进制中的哪个数?【答案】解:,所以二进制中的数101011等于十进制中的43.【解析】利用新定义得到,然后根据乘方的定义进行计算.本题考查了有理数的乘方:有理数乘方的定义:求n个相同因数积的运算,叫做乘方.四、解答题(本大题共7小题,共72分)20.计算:.【答案】解:原式.【解析】直接利用二次根式的性质以及特殊角的三角函数值、绝对值的性质、负指数幂的性质进而化简得出答案.此题主要考查了实数运算,正确化简各数是解题关键.21.观察表中的结果,你能发现、、之间有什么关系吗?请写出关系式.【答案】解:填表如下:根据上表中的规律判断,若一个棱柱的底面多边形的边数为,则它有个侧面,共有个面,共有2n个顶点,共有3n条棱;故a,b,c之间的关系:.【解析】结合三棱柱、四棱柱和五棱柱的特点,即可填表,根据已知的面、顶点和棱与几棱柱的关系,可知n棱柱一定有个面,2n个顶点和3n条棱,进而得出答案,利用前面的规律得出a,b,c之间的关系.此题主要考查了欧拉公式,熟记常见棱柱的特征,可以总结一般规律:n棱柱有个面,2n个顶点和3n条棱是解题关键.22.如图,在方格纸中请在方格纸上建立平面直角坐标系,使,,并求出B点坐标;以原点O为位似中心,相似比为2,在第一象限内将放大,画出放大后的图形;计算的面积S.【答案】解:如图所示,即为所求的直角坐标系;;如图:即为所求;.【解析】直接利用A,C点坐标得出原点位置进而得出答案;利用位似图形的性质即可得出;直接利用中图形求出三角形面积即可.此题主要考查了位似变换以及三角形面积求法,正确得出对应点位置是解题的关键画位似图形的一般步骤为:确定位似中心;分别连接并延长位似中心和关键点;根据位似比,确定位似图形的关键点;顺次连接上述各点,得到放大或缩小的图形.23.我国沪深股市交易中,如果买、卖一次股票均需付交易金额的作费用张先生以每股5元的价格买入“西昌电力”股票1000股,若他期望获利不低于1000元,问他至少要等到该股票涨到每股多少元时才能卖出?精确到元【答案】解:设涨到每股x元时卖出,根据题意得,分解这个不等式得,即分答:至少涨到每股元时才能卖出分【解析】根据关系式:总售价两次交易费总成本列出不等式求解即可.本题考查的是一元一次不等式在生活中的实际运用,解决本题的关键是读懂题意根据“总售价两次交易费总成本”列出不等关系式.24.已知一个口袋中装有7个只有颜色不同的球,其中3个白球,4个黑球.求从中随机抽取出一个黑球的概率是多少?若往口袋中再放入x个白球和y个黑球,从口袋中随机取出一个白球的概率是,求y与x之间的函数关系式.【答案】解:一个口袋中装有7个只有颜色不同的球,其中3个白球,4个黑球,从中随机抽取出一个黑球的概率是:;往口袋中再放入x个白球和y个黑球,从口袋中随机取出一个白球的概率是,,则.【解析】直接利用概率公式直接得出取出一个黑球的概率;直接利用从口袋中随机取出一个白球的概率是,进而得出答案函数关系式.此题主要考查了概率公式,正确掌握概率求法是解题关键.25.如图,在平面直角坐标系中,点的坐标为,以点为圆心,8为半径的圆与x轴交于A,B两点,过A作直线l与x轴负方向相交成的角,且交y轴于C 点,以点为圆心的圆与x轴相切于点D.求直线l的解析式;将以每秒1个单位的速度沿x轴向左平移,当第一次与外切时,求平移的时间.【答案】解:由题意得,点坐标为.在中,,.点的坐标为设直线l的解析式为,由l过A、C两点,得,解得直线l的解析式为:.如图,设平移t秒后到处与第一次外切于点P,与x轴相切于点,连接,.则.轴,,在中,.,,秒.平移的时间为5秒.【解析】求直线的解析式,可以先求出A、C两点的坐标,就可以根据待定系数法求出函数的解析式.设平移t秒后到处与第一次外切于点P,与x轴相切于点,连接,.在直角中,根据勾股定理,就可以求出,进而求出的长,得到平移的时间.本题综合了待定系数法求函数解析式,以及圆的位置关系,其中两圆相切时的辅助线的作法是经常用到的.26.如图,已知抛物线经过,两点,顶点为D.求抛物线的解析式;将绕点A顺时针旋转后,点B落到点C的位置,将抛物线沿y轴平移后经过点C,求平移后所得图象的函数关系式;设中平移后,所得抛物线与y轴的交点为,顶点为,若点N在平移后的抛物线上,且满足的面积是 面积的2倍,求点N 的坐标.【答案】解: 已知抛物线 经过 , ,, 解得, 所求抛物线的解析式为 ;, ,, ,可得旋转后C 点的坐标为 ,当 时,由 得 ,可知抛物线 过点 ,将原抛物线沿y 轴向下平移1个单位后过点C .平移后的抛物线解析式为: ;点N 在 上,可设N 点坐标为,将 配方得,其对称轴为直线 . 时,如图 ,,,此时 ,点的坐标为 .当 时,如图 ,同理可得 ,,此时 ,点N 的坐标为 .当 时,由图可知,N 点不存在,舍去.综上,点N 的坐标为 或 .【解析】 利用待定系数法,将点A ,B 的坐标代入解析式即可求得;根据旋转的知识可得: , , , ,可得旋转后C 点的坐标为 ,当 时,由 得 ,可知抛物线 过点 将原抛物线沿y 轴向下平移1个单位后过点 平移后的抛物线解析式为: ;首先求得 , 的坐标,根据图形分别求得即可,要注意利用方程思想.此题属于中考中的压轴题,难度较大,知识点考查的较多而且联系密切,需要学生认真审题.此题考查了二次函数与一次函数的综合知识,解题的关键是要注意数形结合思想的应用.。
中考英语12选10(含答案)
三年中考十选二精选试题一、they free until busy quite good finish learn luck enough manyMost people have their jobs. They go to work nearly every day. Some people are 1_________.Either they have very interesting jobs or they make a lot of money. Most people are not so lucky. Either their jobs are not very interesting or they don't make 2_________ money. The most interesting jobs are often the most difficult. People spend a long time 3_________ how to do them. Doctors study for at least six years after 4_________ school.Some young people have interesting and high-pay jobs. Many young players do their work successfully. Football and tennis stars are usually under 35 years old. Older people usually cannot play these sports very 5__________. They cannot move fast 6___________. Golf, however, is a good sport for older people. Many golf players are 7__________ old. But they can play it successfully.Most people work 8_____________ they are 60 or 65 years old. Then they retire(退休) and have a lot of 9____________ time. Some people never retire though. These people usually have very interesting jobs. Writers, artists, scientists and actors usually work until they die. Their work is 10___________ life.二、先阅读短文,然后根据短文内容从方框内所给的单词中选择最恰当的词(注意词形变化)填入短文空白处,使短文完整、通顺。
(完整版)中考英语12选10(短文填词选词填空)练习(含答案)
We can’t stop an earthquake(地震), but we can do things to make sure they don’t destroy(毁坏) whole cities. First, it is not a 1 .________ idea to build houses along lines where 2. ________ of the earth’s plates(板块) join together. Second, if you think there 3. ________ be an earthquake, it is better to build houses on rocks , not on 4. ________. Third, you must make the houses as 5. ________ as possible. Weak buildings will fall down in an earthquake, but strong ones may 6. ________ . .Scientists are 7. ________ that one day an even bigger earthquake will hit the part around San Francisco(旧金山) . They call it “ The Big One ”. However, people today are still building more 8. ________ . The population in and around San Francisco is 9. ________ ten times more than it was in 1906. This means that 10. ________ there is another earthquake, a great many houses and buildings will be destroyed.1.good2.two3. may4.sand5.strong6. stay up7. afraid8.houses9.now 10.ifYou may think there is nothing but sand in the desert of the world, but it is not true. In the desert we can 1._______ stones. We can see hills, too. There is a little rain in the 2.________, but it is not 3. ______ for most plants.The animals are 4. _______ to the desert people in many ways. The desert people eat the meat and drink the milk of the animals. They use their skins to 5. ________ shoes, water bags and even tents(帐篷). They use the camels(骆驼) for 6. _______ things.The people of the desert have to keep 7. _______ from places to place. They must always look for grass or desert plants for their animals. They usually live in the tents. When there is mo more food for their animals, they take down their tents, put them on the camels and move to 8. _______ place. The desert people are very 9. _______. No man in the desert would ever refuse to help the people in 10._______ and give them food and water.1.find2.desert3.enougheful5.make6. carrying7. moving8. another9.friendly 10.troubleThomas Edison was a great American 1.________ . When he was a child, he was always 2.________ questions and trying out new ideas. No matter 3.________ hard it was, he never gave up.Young Tom was in school for only three months. His teacher didn’t understand why he had 4.________ many strange questions. Most of them were not about his lessons. The teacher didn’t want to teach Tom any 5.________ . He asked Tom’s mother to take the boy home. Tom’s mother taught him to read and write, and she found him 6.________ a very good pupil. He learnt very fast and became very 7.________ in science.One day , he saw a little boy 8.________ on the railway tracks at a station. A train was coming near quiclly, and the boy was too frightened to move. Edison rushed out and carried the boy to 9 .________. The boy’s father was so 10.________ that he taught Edison to send messages by telegraph.1.inventor2. asking3.how4.so5. more6.to be7.interested8.playing9. safety 10.thankful(2010·新疆省阜康市,八,5)根据对话内容及上下文在空白处填入适当的单词,使对话意思完整。
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十二选十训练题1Life is not easy, so I’d like to say, “when anything_________, believe in yourself”.When I was a young boy, I was too shy to speak to anyone. My classmates often laughed_________me. I was sad but could do nothing. Later, something happened, and it_________my life. It was an English speech contest.. My mother asked me to take_________in it. What a terrible idea! It meant I had to speak_________all the teachers and students of my school!“Come on, boy. Believe in yourself! You are sure to_________.” Then my mother and I talked about many different topics. At last I_________the topic“Believe in yourself”. I tried my best to remember all the speech and_________it over 100 times. At last, I did well in the contest. I could_________believe my ears when the news came that I had won the first place. I heard the cheers from the teachers and students. Those classmates who once looked_________on me now all said congratulations to me.2years old and lives_________her sister. Her parents left home to make money in big cities when she was_________four. Amy has to take_________of her younger sister. They have to stay at home alone_________they have to go to school in town.“I used to feel_________without my parents at home,” she said, “but now I know_________they do so. They have to go away to make money for_________so that we can live a better life.”Every day, Amy gets up at 6:30 am and cooks_________. After breakfast, the two girls go to school. They have supper at 6:00 pm. Then Amy does housework and_________her sister with her homework. She usually goes to bed at 9:30 pm.Though busy, Amy is still the_________student in her class. She said, “My life is OK. But I still hope my parents will come back and live with us.”3One day while I was_________in the street, a young man ran by hurriedly, brushing against my handbag. He continued his way, but turned_________and said “sorry” to me. Even in a rush, he didn’t_________to say“sorry”. Another day , after I bought some bananas, the shopkeeper was passing me the change, but I wasn’t ready for it and a coin dropped onto the ground. “Sorry, madam,” he said_________bending to pick it up. I was_________that he said“sorry”to me. Another time, I stepped on a man’s_________at the entrance to a cinema. At the same time, we_________said “sorry”.Slowly, I got to know that when something unpleasant happens in daily life, the British don’t_________much about who is wrong. If someone is in trouble, a“sorry”is always_________. Perhaps that is_________I seldom see people quarrel on the buses or in the streets in Britain.4story, Swordbird, was on New York Times’ bestseller list for children’s fiction.Fan Yi was born in Beijing in 1997. She_________her second grade of primary school in Beijing. She_________to the USA with her parents at the age of 7. She was shown_________interest in birds since she was a little girl.When Fan_________studying American history at school, she read many articles about the September 11 Attacks. She wanted all people to_________in peace together. Around that time, she had a(n) _________one night. In the dream, some birds fought with each other. Fan got an idea_________the dreamand turned it into a story. In it , she showed her idea of peace in the world.In the future, Fan will write more_________for the Swordbird series. Will she become another J.K.Rowling ? We_________wait and see.5More and more people are becoming interested in the Internet. They have formed a bad habit. In fact, the bad habit has become a_________--Internet Addicition Disorder. Staying_________for more than six hours a day_________working or studying, and feeling very upset from not being able to get online, are the two major symptoms of IAD.Internet addition is_________in China now. A recent research_________that 42% of young Chinese people get quite interested in the Web, while only 18% of Americans feel in the same_________.What caused IAD ? Some people believe that it’s the lack of family care. Most children in China are the_________ones in their families. They are only told to_________hard, but few really care about their personal interest. So some children would like to keep_________away from the real world.How can people stay away from IAD ? Don’t get online anymore, go back to the real world. If it d oesn’t work, go to see a _________. Let’s enjoy our life and stay away from IAD.6My name is Jim White. I live in America. I had a very_________experience on Sunday. I saw a UFO in the daytime. _________this spring, I went outside with my friend Bill_________lived closed to me. We were walking to a hill_________ I saw a large bright light dancing in the sky. I called Bill and asked him to look up. He kept_________, “What is that?” “A UFO!” I shouted excitedly. I _________it was round and red in the center.After we looked at_________for a moment, we found it had wings, but it was still round. Bill would not believe me when I told him it_________be a UFO. We shouted_________it and we wished that it would land. We wanted to know_________there was an alien in it. But soon it disappeared. I guessed we scared it off.7、Sir Edmund Hillary was the first man to climb Mount Everest. On May 29, 1953, he climbed and measured_________highest mountain and then it was known to the world—29,000 feet straight up. He was spoken_________of for his efforts when he came back. He even made advertisements for big companies. However, _________we read his book, High Adventure, we don’t understand that Sir Edmund Hillary had to grow into this success.You see, in 1952 he tried to climb Mount Everest, but_________. A few weeks later a group in England asked him to give a _________to its members. Hillary was given a warm welcome_________walking on stage. People there thought of him as a hero, but Edmund Hillary saw_________as a failure. He moved away from the microphone and walked to the side of the stage.He lifted one hand and pointed at a picture of the mountain. He said in a _________voice, “Mount Everest, you beat me the_________time, but I’ll beat you the next time because you’ve_________you can grow, but I’ll still growing!”8_________others help you or say something kind to you. For example, when someone_________the door for you, when someone says you have done your work well, when someone says you have_________a niceshirt, or your city _________very beautiful you should say “Thank you”. “Thank you” is used not only between friends, _________between parents and children, brothers and sisters, husbands and wives.“Excuse me” is_________politeness formula. We use it as the same as “Thank you”. When you hear someone say so behind you, you’d know that somebody wants to walk past you without_________y ou. It is not polite to interrupt others while they are_________. If you want to have a word with one of them, please say “ Excuse me” _________, and then begin to talk. You should also do so when you want to cough or make any unpleasant noise before other s. Let’s say “Thank you” and “Excuse me” on the right occasions.9When he decided to produce his V-8 motor, Henry Ford chose to make an eight-cylinder engine-block in one piece. But the engineers said that was_________.Ford sai d, “Produce it_________.”“But,”they replied, “it is impossible.”“Go ahead, ” Ford said,“and stay on the job until you_________, no matter how much time is required.”Six months passed and nothing happened. Another _________months passed, and still nothing happened. The engineers tried every possible_________to carry out the orders, but it seemed impossible.At the end of the year, the engineers told Ford they had found_________way to carry out his orders.“Go right ahead,” said Ford,“I want it, and I’ll have it. ”They went ahead, and then, as if by a stroke of magic, the secret was_________. Ford had won_________more!Henry Ford was successful_________one of his principles of success is that he believes_________he wants.10Student life is not what it used to be. There are a lot of subjects to learn and different tests_________. It’s not_________that students say they don’t have time to volunteer! However, volunteering isn’t as_________as you think.There are lots of volunteering_________. They allow you to do as much or as little as you choose. Time can be_________with the organizations. Many of them are grateful for even one hour a week.Think about it, the time you give_________always worth more in the long run. The effects to the community are much_________than the hours you give. For example, if you spend an hour with a child helping them to read, it will make a great_________in his or her life.And think of what volunteering can do for you; you will get_________and learn important skills in the_________work. A few hours in volunteering now will help you in the future.11Most of us have probably heard of Mickey Mouse, Donald Duck, and many________ famous Disney characters. Perhaps we have seen them in________. But have you ever been to Disneyland? In fact, there are now several different Disneyland amusement parks________the world.Disneyland is an amusement park, but we can________call it a theme park . It has all the normal attractions that you can find at an amusement park, but________also has a theme. The theme, of course, is about Disney movies and Disney characters. For________, you can find a roller coaster in________amusement parks, but in Disneyland, the theme of the roller coaster is about Disney characters. This________that you can find Disney characters all over the roller coaster. You can also watch Disney movies, ________in Disney restaurants, ________buy Disney gifts. And you can see Disney characters walking around Disneyland all the time!12Most people have their jobs. They go to work nearly every day. Some people are________. They either have very interesting jobs or make a lot of money. Most people are not so lucky. Their jobs are not very interesting an d they don’t make________money. The most interesting jobs are often the most difficult. People spend a long time________how to do them. Doctors study for at least six years after________school. Some young people have interesting and high-paying jobs. Many young players do their work successfully. Football and tennis stars are usually under 35 years old. Older people usually cannot play these sports very________. They cannot move fast________. Golf, however, is a good sport for older people. Many golf players are________old, but they can play it successfully.Most people work________they are 60 or 65 years old. Then they retire and have a lot of________time. Some people never retire though. These people usually have very interesting jobs. Writers, artists, scientists and actors usually work until they die. Their work is________life.13One day, while I was sitting in my car in a parking area, I noticed a young boy in front of my car. “W hat is the boy doing”? I asked myself. “Oh, he is________up a coin from the ground.” When he________up, we saw each other________. He was not________than ten and was wearing one blue glove and one brown glove. His coat was too ________for him.As he walked away, I saw his________, which were too old to wear. I rolled down my window and called him over.I asked him if he________some money. He replied, “No, that’s ok.”The parking area was wet. I could tell that his________were cold because he kept moving his weight from one foot to the other.“Please,” I held out a five-dollar bill, “it’s not much, but when the money is shared, it is much more________.”He took off one of his gloves and took the money from my hand. His small hand was red and cold.He smiled and went away after saying “Thank you” to me. That smile made me________warm in the cold winter.14Bob lived in a small town. Later, he got a job in a big city so he had to move there with his wife and two________.________the first Saturday in their new home, Bob________his new red car out of the garage. He________it when a neighbor came by. ________ he saw Bob’s car, the neighbor stopped and________it for a minute. Then Bob turned and saw him.The neighbor said, “That’s a nice car. Is it________?”“Sometimes,” Bob answered.The neighbor was puzzled. “Sometimes?” he asked, “what do you________?”Bob answered________, “Well, when there’s a party in town, it belongs to my daughter. When there’s a football game somewhere, it belongs to my son. When I’ve washed it, and it looks really nice and________, it belongs to my wife. And when it is dirty, it’s mine.”15、Hi, everyone. I’ve been in Xuzhou for over a week now. I’m having a ________time. During the first________days I visited some tourist attractions---Yunlong Lake, Yulong Hill, Guishan Han Tomb, etc. Most________were crowded with tourists, so yesterday I went shopping and I ________some souvenirs. Today I went to an interesting art gallery. I got lost on m y________back to the hotel, but it didn’t matter---I found really good market________lots of small shops. I ate in the hotel the first night, but usually I go out and have dinner in a restaurant________the food is fantastic. I’ve ________a lot of money, but it’s certainly worth it. I like people in Xuzhou. They are________nice people! I’ve taken many photos so you’ll be able to see________yourself when I come back home next Wednesday. See you then!【参考答案】1、happens / at / changed / part / before / win / chose / practiced / hardly / down2、with / only / care / because / sad / why / us / breakfast / helps / best3、walking / back / forget / while / surprised / foot / both / care / necessary / why4、first / finished / moved / great / was / live / dream / from / books / will5、diesase / online / instead of / increasing / shows / way / only / study / themselves / doctor6、unusual / Early / who / when / asking / noticed / it / must / to / if7、the / highly / until / failed / speech / when / himself / loud / first / grown8、used / when / opens / bought / is / but also / another / touching / talking / first9、impossible / anyway / succeed / six / plan / another / discovered / once / because / what10、to pass / surprising / difficult / opportunities / agreed / boring / greater / difference / experience / volunteer11、other / movies / around / also / it / example / most / means / eat / and12、lucky / much / learning / finishing / well / enough / quite / until / free / their13、picking / stood / clearly / older / small / shoes / needed / feet / useful / feel14、children / on / took / was washing / when / looked at / yours / mean / slowly / clean15、great / five / places / bought / way / with / because / spent / such / for。