自学考试《现代语言学》模拟试题及答案2017

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自学考试《语言学概论》模考卷及答案

自学考试《语言学概论》模考卷及答案第I部分选择题（20分）一、单项选择题（本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分。

在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。

错选、多选或未选均无分。

）1.语言符号的任意性是指（）。

A.人们可以任意使用或创制语言符号B.语言符号的声音和意义之间没有必然联系C.利用语言可以任意给事物或现象命名D.语言符号的语音形式和意义的关系可以任意改变2.按“四呼”来给汉语音节中的韵母归类，uang属于（）。

A.开口呼B.齐齿呼C.合口呼D.撮口呼3.“汽车”和“卡车”是（）。

A.上下位词B.同义词C.等义词D.近义词4.“行为”和“行径”在词义上最主要的差别在于（）。

A.感情色彩不同B.形象色彩不同C.语体色彩不同D.理性意义不同5.[y]是（）。

A.前高不圆唇元音B.前高圆唇元音C.后高不圆唇元音D.后高圆唇元音6.下列关于语汇性质特点的表述，不正确的一项是（）。

A.任意性是语汇不断丰富的手段B.普遍性使得各种语言的语汇能表达大量共同的概念C.稳定性保证了社会交际的正常进行D.活跃性满足了社会变化的需要7.下面音素中属于塞音的是（）。

A.[k]《语言学概论》模考卷及答案B.[s]C.[f]D.[x]8.下列属于应用语言学的是（）。

A.普通语言学B.语言教育学C.理论语言学D.历史语言学9.屈折是一种（）。

A.语法范畴B.语法形式C.语法意义D.语法手段10.下列词组中不属于联合词组的是（）。

A.能源交通B.读和写C.调查研究D.喜欢下棋11.下列各项中，甲和乙是预设关系的是（）。

A.（甲）他买了一支钢笔→（乙）他买了一支笔B.（甲）老王在小李的左边→（乙）小李在老王的右边C.（甲）他早就不在学校工作了→（乙）他以前在学校工作过D.（甲）什么水果他都吃过→（乙）他吃过苹果12.文字发展三阶段说认为，文字发展的最高级阶段为（）。

A.音位文字B.表意文字C.象形文字D.音节文字13.下列各句，通过停顿可以区别歧义的是（）。

00541_2017年4月真题及答案

2017年4月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试语言学概论试卷(课程代码00541)第一部分选择题(共30分)一、革项选择题(本大题共20小题，每小题l分，共20分)1．汉语属于A．孤立语 B.屈折语 C．粘着语 D。

复综语2．“种花”的“花”和‘‘花钱”的“花”是A．同义词 B．多义词 C．同音词 D．近义词3．苏美尔人发明了A．楔形文字 B．甲骨文C．腓尼基字母 D.阿拉伯字母4．第二语言学习者在使用外语时常常借助于母语的发音、词义、结构规则或习惯来表达思想的现象叫 A．语言相关 B.语言辅助C．语言影响D．语言迁移5．“郭明义是当代的雷锋”中，“雷锋”属于借代中的A．以部分代整体 B.以特征代本体C．以具体代抽象D．以专称代通称6．“成立”和“建立”这两个词的词义区别主要是A．理性意义不同 B．感情色彩不同C．语体色彩不同 D．形象色彩不同7．根据乔姆斯基提出的假设，人的大脑中储存的全人类语言所共有的语言知识叫A．人类语法 B.普遍语法C．个人语法 D．个别语法8．从同一种语言中分化出来的各个语言叫A．地方话 B．隐语C．亲属语言 D．原始基础语9．“活儿我不做了!三颗粮食，收不收有什么关系?”使用的修辞手法是A．拟人 B．拟物C．夸张 D．降格10．语言符号的能指是A．词汇B．语音C．语义 D．语法11．汉语普通话以北方方言为基础方言主要出于A．人们的喜好 B．经济上的原因C．文化上的原因D．政治上的原因12．诗歌属于A.谈话语体 B．应用语体C．文学语体 D．宣传语体13.纳西族语言称“大树”为“树母”、“小树”为“树男”，反映出古代纳西族曾经历过A．群婚制阶段 B．族外婚制阶段C．母系氏族社会阶段 D．家族制阶段14．希腊字母属于A．辅音文字 B．全音素文字C.表意文字 D．象形文字15．古代关于马的词很多，如“驹”两岁马、“駣”三岁马、“馬八”八岁马，这些词被称为A．同源词B．类义词C．同义词 D．同形词16．语言符号的结构必须是按照时间先后顺序依次出现，这是语言符号的A．系统特征 B．约定特征C．层级特征 D．线性特征17．对“语言”和“言语”这两个概念进行区分的是A．索绪尔 B．鲍阿斯C．沃尔夫 D．施莱歇尔18．“他们的品质是那样的纯洁和高尚，他们的意志是那样的坚韧和刚强，他们的气质是那村的纯朴和谦逊，他们的胸怀是那样的美丽和宽广”是A.对偶句B．排比句C．反复句 D．回环句19.下面各词借自于汉代西域的是A．葡萄 B．罗汉C．蛮夷 D．胡同20．某一言语社团同时使用两种或两种以上语言的社会现象叫A．混合语现象 B．惯用语现象C．克里奥尔现象 D．双语现象二、多项选择题(本大题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分)在每小题歹|j出的五个备选项中至少有两个是符合题目要求的，请将其选出并将“答题卡”的相应代码涂黑。

2017年10月高等教育自学考试语言学概论真题

2017年10月高等教育自学考试语言学概论真题(总分：100.00，做题时间：150分钟)一、单项选择题(总题数：20，分数：20.00)1.语言符号只能一个接一个出现，这是语言结构的（）。

（分数：1.00）A.不变性特征B.线性特征√C.约定性特征D.聚合性特征解析：从语言符号只能一个接一个出现的角度看，语言符号的结构必须是按照时间顺序成一条线的样子排列，这就是语言结构的“线性”特征。

2.汉语拼音的声母g、k、h都是（）。

（分数：1.00）A.舌面后音√B.舌面前音C.舌尖后音D.舌尖中音解析：g、k、h都是“舌面后音”(又叫“舌根音”)，即舌面后部和软腭形成阻碍发出的辅音。

3.约在公元前 3000 多年前，苏美尔人发明了（）。

（分数：1.00）A.圣书文字B.契刻文字C.拼音文字D.楔形文字√解析：苏美尔人发明了人类最早的象形文字楔形文字，将图形符号固定下来形成文字，用三角形尖头的芦苇秆刻写在泥板上，为目前公认的最早的文字记录，这类记录在出版史学界也被称为泥板书，可以被定期约为公元前36世纪。

4.普通人要掌握一门外语，必须通过（）。

（分数：1.00）A.语言转移B.语言继承C.语言学习√D.语言唤醒解析：“语言获得”主要就是指一个人开始形成自己母语的过程，或者说是儿童时期掌握语言的过程；而“语言学习”则主要是指一个人稍大- 点以后在学校进一步学习母语及学习外语的过程。

普通人要掌握一门外语，主要是通过语言学习完成的。

5.“天空好像一盏乏了油的灯，红光渐渐地减弱” 一句采用的修辞手法是（）。

（分数：1.00）A.比拟B.仿写C.夸张D.比喻√解析：题干中运用了比喻的修辞手法，把天空比喻成油灯。

6.汉语普通话中[a][Q][A]可以归纳为一个音位，因为它们具有（）。

（分数：1.00）A.对立关系B.楣邻关系C.互补关系√D.相异关系解析：二是“互补原则”。

如两个音素从不出现在相同的语音环境中，这两个音素之间就具有“互补关系”。

2017年10月自考00535现代汉语试题及答案

2017年10月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试现代汉语试卷(课程代码00535)一、单项选择题：本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分。

1．汉语没有丰富的形态变化，属于（C）A．屈折语B．黏着语C．孤立语D．混合语2．决定语音与其他声音之不同的属性是（ A ）A．社会性质B．生理性质C．物理性质D．个体性质3．下列各词，两个音节声母不同的是（B）A．意义B．字纸C．历来D．扭捏4．下列各词，两个音节都属于撮口呼韵母的是（C）A．需求B．温度C．学院D．鱼嘴5．下列音节，调值为51的是（D）A．前B．春C．比D．去6．“不”的读法与其余三项不同的是（A）A．不是B．决不C．不好D．不多7．笔画之间的组合关系属于相接关系的是（A）A．四B．刁C．小D．子8．无法分离出两个部件的汉字是（B）A．休B．刀C．音D．曼9．汉字从具备象形特点的古汉字演变为不象形的现代汉字，其转折点是（C）A．甲骨文B．小篆C．隶书D．楷书10．属于成词语素的是（B）A．民B．牛C．夫D．伟11．不属于派生词的是（A）A．自修B．小刘C．初五D．可怜12．具有敬谦义的一项是（A）A．敝厂B．表扬C．独裁D．电视机13．属于反义词的一组是（C）A．非常好一特别差B．花儿—花朵C．来得及—来不及D．深—小14．在一般词中，“打官腔”是（A）A．惯用语B．古语词C．成语D．方言词15．属于谓词的是（B）A．电影B．张罗C．非常D．第一16．属于联合短语的是（C）A．非常高大B．紧张工作C．又说又笑D．请他代购17．“房间里坐着三五个人”中，宾语的语义类型是（B）A．受事宾语B．施事宾语C．中性宾语D．处所宾语18．从句子语气类来看，“我的妈呀，总算找到了!”属于（C）A．陈述句B．祈使句C．感叹句D．疑问句19．甲：“我们小组的方案得了第一名!”乙：“我昨天电脑彻底死了!”这组对话中，乙的回话不符合言语交际合作原则中的（D）A．谦虚准则B．数量准则C．质量准则D．关联准则20．“理性认识依赖于感性认识，感性认识有待于发展到理性认识，这就是辩证唯物论的认识论。

2017年4月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试《语言学概论》试卷

2017年4月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试语言学概论试卷本试卷共4页,满分l00分,考试时间l50分钟.考生答题注意事项：1．本卷所有试题必须在答题卡上作答.答在试卷上无效,试卷空白处和背面均可作草稿纸.2．第一部分为选择题.必须对应试卷上的题号使用2B铅笔将“答题卡”的相应代码涂黑.3．第二部分为非选择题.必须注明大、小题号,使用0．5毫米黑色字迹签字笔作答.4．合理安排答题空间,超出答题区域无效.第一部分选择题(共30分)一、革项选择题(本大题共20小题,每小题l分,共20分)在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的,请将其选出并将“答题卡”的相应代码涂黑.错涂、多涂或未涂均无分.1．汉语属于A．孤立语 B.屈折语 C．粘着语 D.复综语2．“种花”的“花”和‘‘花钱”的“花”是A．同义词 B．多义词 C．同音词 D．近义词3．苏美尔人发明了A．楔形文字 B．甲骨文C．腓尼基字母 D.阿拉伯字母4．第二语言学习者在使用外语时常常借助于母语的发音、词义、结构规则或习惯来表达思想的现象叫A．语言相关 B.语言辅助C．语言影响 D．语言迁移5．“郭明义是当代的雷锋”中,“雷锋”属于借代中的A．以部分代整体 B.以特征代本体C．以具体代抽象 D．以专称代通称6．“成立”和“建立”这两个词的词义区别主要是A．理性意义不同 B．感情色彩不同C．语体色彩不同 D．形象色彩不同7．根据乔姆斯基提出的假设,人的大脑中储存的全人类语言所共有的语言知识叫A．人类语法 B.普遍语法C．个人语法 D．个别语法8．从同一种语言中分化出来的各个语言叫A．地方话 B．隐语C．亲属语言 D．原始基础语9．“活儿我不做了!三颗粮食,收不收有什么关系?”使用的修辞手法是A．拟人 B．拟物C．夸张 D．降格10．语言符号的能指是A．词汇 B．语音C．语义 D．语法11．汉语普通话以北方方言为基础方言主要出于A．人们的喜好 B．经济上的原因C．文化上的原因 D．政治上的原因12．诗歌属于A.谈话语体 B．应用语体C．文学语体 D．宣传语体13.纳西族语言称“大树”为“树母”、“小树”为“树男”,反映出古代纳西族曾经历过 A．群婚制阶段 B．族外婚制阶段C．母系氏族社会阶段 D．家族制阶段14．希腊字母属于A．辅音文字 B．全音素文字C.表意文字 D．象形文字15．古代关于马的词很多,如“驹”两岁马、“駣”三岁马、“馬八”八岁马,这些词被称为 A．同源词 B．类义词C．同义词 D．同形词16．语言符号的结构必须是按照时间先后顺序依次出现,这是语言符号的A．系统特征 B．约定特征C．层级特征 D．线性特征17．对“语言”和“言语”这两个概念进行区分的是A．索绪尔 B．鲍阿斯C．沃尔夫 D．施莱歇尔18．“他们的品质是那样的纯洁和高尚,他们的意志是那样的坚韧和刚强,他们的气质是那村的纯朴和谦逊,他们的胸怀是那样的美丽和宽广”是A.对偶句 B．排比句C．反复句 D．回环句19.下面各词借自于汉代西域的是A．葡萄 B．罗汉C．蛮夷 D．胡同20．某一言语社团同时使用两种或两种以上语言的社会现象叫A．混合语现象 B．惯用语现象C．克里奥尔现象 D．双语现象二、多项选择题(本大题共5小题,每小题2分,共10分)在每小题歹|j出的五个备选项中至少有两个是符合题目要求的,请将其选出并将“答题卡”的相应代码涂黑.错涂、多涂、少涂或未涂均无分.21．下面各项中属于中国传统小学的有A.文字学 B．音韵学 C．训诂学D.音系学 E．语用学22．下面各项中,属于形声字的有A．步 B．澄 C．于D.阶 E．词23．下面各项中属于儿童语言前阶段(语言准备阶段)的有A.非自控阶段 B．咿呀学语阶段 C．单词句阶段D．简单句阶段 E．复杂句阶段24．下面各项中对社会方言形成产生影响的因素有A.行业 B．阶层 C．性别D．年龄 E．文化程度25．下面各项中,属于意译词的有A．吉普 B．高尔夫 C．电话D．沙发 E．银行第二部分非选择题 (共70分)三、名词解释题(本大题共4小题,每小题3分,共12分)26．语言符号的任意性27.书面语28．语言相关论29．大脑语言功能临界期四、分析题(本大题共l小题,8分)30．以下面几个组合为例,说明消除歧义的常用方法.烤红薯我想起来了鸡不吃了五、简答题(本大题共2小题,每小题l0分,共20分)31.什么是词法手段?简要说明词法手段包括哪些具体内容.32．什么是合作原则?简要说明合作原则的具体内容.六、论述题(本大题共2小题,每小题l5分,共30分)33．利用以下材料分析什么是变音类型中的同化、异化、弱化和脱落. 电[tian】+报【pau].电报[tiampau]面[mian]貌[mau】_÷面貌[miammau】慢[man]慢儿[m卅叶慢慢JL[maim卅爸[pa】爸[pa】一爸爸[pab0】豆[tou】腐[删一豆腐[touf】东[t0日】西[G i]_东西[torja】34．举例说明合成词三种构词类型的特点.。

2017年4月全国自考(现代语言学)真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)

2017年4月全国自考（现代语言学）真题试卷(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. 单项选择题 2. 填空题 3. 判断题 4. 名词解释 5. 论述题单项选择题1．A famous quotation from Shakespeare’s play Romeo and Juliet：“A rose by any other name would smell as sweet”may well illustrate the ________ nature of language．( )A．arbitraryB．motivatedC．socialD．cultural正确答案：A解析：本题主要考查语言的任意性。

对于相同的物体，不同的语言使用不同的词语，这样一个事实就雄辩地说明了语言的任意性。

这也解释了语言的象征性：词语不过是一些符号，它们是通过习惯与物体、行为及思想等联系起来的。

莎士比亚的戏剧《罗密欧与朱丽叶》中的名言“玫瑰换个名字闻起来还是香的”就是对语言这种习惯性特征最好的例证。

2．According to ________，vowels can be classified into three groups：front，central，and back．( )A．the openness of the mouthB．the shape of the lipsC．the position of the tongueD．the length of the vowels正确答案：C解析：本题主要考查英语元音的分类。

通过观察舌头的位置，元音可分为前元音、中元音和后元音3类。

前元音在发音的时候，舌头的前部总是处在口腔中最高的位置；如果舌头的中部处于最高的位置，那么这样发出的元音叫做中元音。

但如果抬高舌头的后部，使其高于其他任何部分，那么这样就形成了后元音。

3．The number of morphemes contained in the word“underdeveloped”is ________．( )A．oneB．twoC．threeD．four正确答案：C解析：本题主要考查对语素的理解。

自考《语言学概论》模拟试题及答案三套汇总

自考《语言学概论》模拟试题及答案三套汇总一、单项选择题(本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分)1.首先提出“能指”和“所指”这对概念的语言学家是( )A.洪堡特B.索绪尔C.乔姆斯基D.萨丕尔【参考答案】：B2.语言符号具有可变性的根本原因在于语言符号的 ( )A.任意性B.强制性C.离散性D.系统性【参考答案】：A3.下列各组辅音中，发音部位相同的一组是 ( )A.[m，n]B.[k，]C.[p，d]D.[s,]【参考答案】：B4.听觉上最自然、最容易分辨的最小语音单位是 ( )A.音素B.重音C.音位D.音节【参考答案】：D5.下列关于“通用语汇”和“专用语汇”的表述，不正确的一项是 ( )A.通用语汇是全社会普遍使用的词语B.通用语汇包括基本语汇和常用语汇C.专用语汇主要指科技术语和行业语D.专用语汇的词语不会进入通用语汇【参考答案】：D6.构形语素属于 ( )A.虚词语素B.词根语素C.自由语素D.黏着语素【参考答案】：D7.从词的构造类型上看，汉语“动人”一词属于( )A.单纯词B.复合词C.派生词D.简缩词【参考答案】：B8.“老师鼓励我考大学”是 ( )A.主谓词组B.兼语词组C.连动词组D.复句词组【参考答案】：B9.下列各项中，谓词和变元之间属于动作与结果关系的是( )A.写黑板B.打篮球C.织毛衣D.寄包裹【参考答案】：C10.最早的表音文字是 ( )A.拉丁文字B.腓尼基文字C.古希腊文字D.古埃及文字【参考答案】：B11.传统上把汉字的单纯字符称为 ( )A.偏旁B.笔画C.记号D.独体字【参考答案】：D12.语法的演变之所以比语汇缓慢，是因为 ( )A.语法规则比较简单B.语法规则数量较少C.语法规则具有强制性D.语法规则具有抽象性【参考答案】：C13.下列关于亲属语言的表述中，不正确的一项是 ( )A.亲属语言是社会完全分化的产物B.亲属语言之间具有历史同源关系C.语言亲属关系有亲疏远近的分别D.亲属语言间不存在语音对应关系【参考答案】：D14.下列几种社会方言中，具有排他性的一项是 ( )A.阶级习惯语B.行话C.隐语D.学生腔【参考答案】：C15.下列关于“语言规划”的表述中，不正确的一项是 ( )A.语言规划是社会对语言的人为干预B.语言规划只涉及单纯的语言问题C.推广普通话属于语言规划的项目D.语言规划可由政府授权的机构实施【参考答案】：B16.认为“思维和语言各自发展，二者没有关系”的学者不包括 ( )A.古希腊哲学家柏拉图B.法国哲学家迪卡尔C.英国哲学家霍布斯D.苏联语言学家马尔【参考答案】：D17.目前对于语言和思维的关系，比较一致的观点是 ( )A.有什么样的思维，就有什么样的语言B.有什么样的语言，就有什么样的思维C.思维对语言有一定影响，但更重要的是语言决定思维D.语言对思维有一定影响，但更重要的是思维决定语言【参考答案】：D18.关于语言获得的原因，下列学说中偏重于内部条件解释的一项是 ( )A.天赋说B.摹仿说C.强化说D.刺激反应说【参考答案】：A19.外语学习中的后期阶段被称为 ( )A.中介语阶段B.目标语阶段C.低平期D.高原期【参考答案】：D20.机器翻译可以分为四个层级，从低到高的排序是 ( )A.单词、句子、话语、篇章B.单词、句子、句群、篇章C.单词、句法、语义、语境D.语音、语法、语义、语用【参考答案】：C二、多项选择题(本大题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分)21.下列关于韵律特征的表述中，正确的有 ( )A.韵律特征包括音质变化B.韵律特征包括声调语调C.韵律特征是对比性特征D.韵律特征不能独立存在E.长短音不属于韵律特征【参考答案】：A,B,C,D22.下列各组中，三个词语的构词方式一致的有 ( )A.花儿女儿刺儿B.莲子学子男子C.琵琶玻璃休克D.妈妈蛐蛐仅仅E.崇高聪明国家【参考答案】：B,C,E23.“白纸”的“白”和“白吃”的“白”是 ( )A.同音词B.同形词C.兼类词D.多义词E.形容词和副词【参考答案】：A,B,D,E24.下列各组词语中，可以构成最小语义场的有 ( )A.毛笔电笔眉笔B.银河黄河海河C.南瓜黄瓜冬瓜D.山头线头桥头E.货车客车军车【参考答案】：A,C,E25.下列关于“地域方言”的表述中，正确的有 ( )A.地域方言随社群分化而形成B.地域方言是语言内部的变体C.地域方言有独立的结构系统D.语音差异是方言分区的主要依据E.地域方言间的差异一定小于语言【参考答案】：A,B,D,E三、名词解释题(本大题共4小题，每小题4分，共16分)每一名词解释都须举例。

自学考试《现代语言学》模拟试题及答案

自学考试《现代语言学》模拟试题及答案自学考试《现代语言学》模拟试题及答案20172017年自学考试备考正在开展中，考生们要扎扎实实地复习，一步一步地前进，以下是店铺搜索整理的一份自学考试《现代语言学》模拟试题及答案，供参考练习，希望对大家有所帮助!想了解更多相关信息请持续关注我们店铺!Ⅰ.Multiple ChoiceDirections:Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A,B,C or D in the brackets.(2%×10=20%)1.The pair of words “lend”and “borrow”are ___.( )A.gradable oppositesB.relational oppositesC.co-hyponymsD.synonyms2.The discovery of Indo-European language family began with the work of the British scholar .( )A.Jacob GrimmB.Rasmus RaskC.Franz BoppD.Sir William Jones3.A linguist regards the changes in language and language use as __.( )A.unusualB.something to be fearedC.abnormalD.natural4.__produce fast and fluent speech with good intonation and pronunciation but the content of their speech ranges from mildly inappropriate to complete nonsense,often as unintelligible.( )A.Broca's aphasicB.The linguistic deprivationC.The damage on the angular gyrusD.Wernicke's aphasic5.Some Southern learners of English in China tend to say “night” as “light”.This shows: .( )A.They cannot pronounce/n/B.Interlangue interference because there is notthe sound /n/in their mother tongueC.The teachers do not have a good teaching methodD.They do not like to pronounce nasal sounds6.A word with several meanings is called __word.( )A.a polysemousB.a synonymousC.an abnormalD.a multiple7.The function of the sentence “A nice day, isn't it?”is __.( )rmativeB.phaticC.directiveD.performative8.The most recognizable differences between American English and British English are in __ and vocabulary.( )ageB.grammarC.pronunciationD.structure9.__deals with the way in which a language varies through geographical space.( )A.Linguistic geographyB.LexicologyC.LexicographyD.Sociolinguistics10.The semantic components of the word “gentleman” can be expressed as __.( )A.+animate,+male,+human,-adultB.+animate,+male,+human,+adultC.+animate,-male,+human,-adultD.+animate,-male,+human,+adultⅡ.Blank FillingDirections:Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word,the first letter of which is already given as a clue.Note that you are to fill in ONE word only,and you are not allowed to change the letter given.(1%×10=10%)11.A sentence is a structurally independent unit that usually comprises a number of w________ to form a complete statement,q________or command.12.In sociolinguistic studies,speakers are treated as membersof s__g________.13.Utterance is based on ________ ________ ;it is the realization of the abstract meaning of a sentence in a real situation of communication,or simply in a context.14.To many people,a linguist is the same as a ________,one who can speak several languages fluently.15.Consonant sounds can be either v ________or v__,while all vowel sounds are v________.Ⅲ.True of False questionDirections: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of each statement. I (2%×10=20%)16.All words may be said to contain a root morpheme.( )17.Tense and reference are two terms often encountered in the study of meaning.( )18.Linguistics is the course of language.( )19.The part of a sentence which compriese comprises an infinite verb or a verb phrase is grammatically called predicate.( )20.Historical linguistics equals to the study of synchronic study.( )21.The term dialect,as a technical term in linguistics,carries value judgement and not simply refers to a distinct form of language.( )22.Morphology is translated as 形态学。

2017年4月全国自考现代汉语基础考前密卷00854(含答案) 精品

2015年4月全国自考现代汉语基础考前密卷00854(含答案)一、单项选择题(本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分)在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。

错选、多选或未选均无分。

第1题“这件事大家都赞成”的句型是()A. 名词谓语句B. 动词谓语句C. 形容词谓语句D. 主谓谓语句【正确答案】 D【你的答案】本题分数1分第2题下列汉字中，不含辅音音素的音节是()A. 用B. 围C. 回D. 安【正确答案】 B【你的答案】本题分数1分第3题下列词组属述宾词组的是()A. 今天清明B. 好得很C. 能来D. 彻底解决【正确答案】 C【你的答案】本题分数1分第4题下列哪种词类是实词()A. 介词B. 副词C. 语气词D. 状态词【正确答案】 D【你的答案】本题分数1分第5题“校园里悠扬着动人的乐曲。

”中的“悠扬”是哪种语法错误()A. 句法成分搭配不当B. 词类误用C. 句法成分残缺D. 逻辑不当【正确答案】 B【你的答案】本题分数1分第6题下列句子属连动句的是()A. 他们接到命令撤退了。

B. 领导上分配我搞放映工作。

C. 老师督促大家好好学习。

D. 他停了下来，嘴里哼着歌。

【正确答案】 A【你的答案】本题分数1分第7题属于“词根+词缀(后缀)”的一组附加式合成词是()A. 东家、行家、音乐家、厂家B. 老家、老人家、人家、大家C. 恋家、专家、科学家、画家D. 专家、居家、儒家、歌唱家我自考网整理【正确答案】 A【你的答案】本题分数1分第8题下列各例中，顿号使用无误的是()A. 我父、母亲都是日本留学生B. 小姑娘大约六、七岁，长得很可爱C. 必须抓紧粮食、棉花、油料的生产D. 孩子们给他们送来了开水、地瓜、和煎饼【正确答案】 C【你的答案】本题分数1分第9题“突然”一词是()A. 副词B. 形容词C. 区别词D. 状态词【正确答案】 A【你的答案】本题分数1分第10题“上、山、工、人”这几个字的笔画组合方式是()A. 相离B. 相接C. 相交D. 混合【正确答案】 B二、多项选择题(本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分)在每小题列出的五个备选项中有二至五个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。

《现代语言学》自考真题试题与答案解析

《现代语言学》自考真题试题与答案解析卷面总分：98分答题时间：80分钟试卷题量：49题一、单选题（共39题，共78分）1.A linguistic theory is constructed about what ______ is and how it works.• ngue• B.linguist• nguage• D.learning正确答案：C语言的研究过程可以总结为：首先，要观察某些语言材料，从而发现一些共性并对其加以总结;其次，根据这些总结提出一些假设来解释这些语言材料，然后再通过进一步的观察来验证这些假设的正确性;最后建立一套语言学理论来说明语言的本质内容以及这些语言是如何发挥作用的。

2.We refer to the limited range of sounds as the phonic medium oflanguage and individual sounds within that range as ______.• A.vowels• B.consonants• C.sounds• D.speech sounds正确答案：D在语言交际中占有一席之地、由人类的发音器官所发出来的声音在数量上是有限的。

这些范围有限，但对人类交际活动意义重大、对语言学研究价值不菲的声音就是语言的音响媒介，凡是在这个范围内的每个单个的声音都叫做语音。

3.The basic unit in the study of morphology is ______.• A. the internal structure• B.morpheme• C.the rules by which words are formed• D.word正确答案：B正如音位是音系学研究中的基本单位一样，词素是形态学研究中的基本单位。

4.The syntactic rules of any language are ______ in number.• rge• B.small• C.finite• D.infinite正确答案：C对于任何一种自然语言，一套句法规则可以产生出无穷多的句子，也就是说，任何语言的句法规则都是有限的，而说话人能够说出和理解的句子的数量是无限的。

全国自考(现代语言学)模拟试卷8(题后含答案及解析)

全国自考（现代语言学）模拟试卷8(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. 单项选择题 2. 填空题 3. 判断题 4. 名词解释 5. 论述题单项选择题1．The study of language as a whole is often called________linguistics．( )A．particularB．generalC．ordinaryD．generative正确答案：B解析：本题主要考查普通语言学的定义。

把语言作为一个整体而进行的全面的语言学研究一般被称为普通语言学。

2．________can be simply defined as the speech sounds we use when speaking a language．( )A．PhonesB．SoundsC．PhonemesD．Speech sounds正确答案：A解析：本题主要考查语音的定义。

我们可以简单地把语音定义为我们在说一种语言时所使用的声音。

3．The two clauses in a ________sentence are structurally equal parts of the sentence．( )A．simpleB．completeC．complexD．coordinate正确答案：D解析：本题主要考查并列句中各个成分的特点。

并列句中的两个句子在结构上是相同的。

4．What is actually internalized in the mind of a native speaker is a ________system of grammatical knowledge．( )A．phraseB．sentenceD．symbol正确答案：C解析：本题主要考查人们在本族语习得中大脑内化的特点。

讲本族语的大脑中所内化的是一套有关语法知识的规则系统。

5．“I like this shirt very much．”has ________arguments．( ) A．oneB．twoC．threeD．four正确答案：B解析：本题主要考查有关论元(arguments)的知识。

现代语言学试题及答案

现代语言学试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 现代语言学研究的核心是什么？A. 语言的起源B. 语言的演变C. 语言的规则D. 语言的功能答案：C2. 以下哪项不是语言学的分支？A. 语音学B. 语法学C. 心理学D. 语义学答案：C3. 语言学中的“phoneme”指的是什么？A. 音位B. 音素C. 音节D. 音标答案：A4. 下列哪个选项是“语言接触”的结果？A. 语言的消亡B. 语言的产生C. 语言的融合D. 语言的孤立答案：C5. 以下哪种语言现象不属于词汇变化？A. 合成B. 派生C. 借用D. 语音变化答案：D6. 语言学中的“transformational grammar”是什么？A. 转换语法B. 句法分析C. 语义分析D. 语音学答案：A7. 以下哪个术语与语言的“社会功能”无关？A. 语言的规范B. 语言的变异C. 语言的习得D. 语言的交际答案：C8. “语言的普遍语法”是哪位语言学家提出的？A. 费尔迪南·德·索绪尔B. 诺姆·乔姆斯基C. 爱德华·萨丕尔D. 威廉·冯·洪堡特答案：B9. 以下哪种语言现象不属于语用学研究范畴？A. 言语行为B. 语境分析C. 语音变化D. 隐喻答案：C10. “语言的相对性原则”是哪种语言理论的核心？A. 结构主义B. 形式主义C. 功能主义D. 心理语言学答案：A二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. 语言学的创始人是________。

答案：费尔迪南·德·索绪尔2. 语言学中，________是指语言的最小意义单位。

答案：语素3. 语言的________是指语言在特定社会环境中的使用。

答案：语境4. 语言学中的________是指语言的音韵结构。

答案：音韵学5. 语言的________是指语言的词汇和语法结构。

答案：形式6. 语言学中的________是指语言的规则系统。

自考《现代语言学》复习题及答案

自考《现代语言学》复习题及答案2017年自考《现代语言学》复习题及答案一、单项选择1. Which of the following sounds is a voiceless bilabial stop?A. [p]B. [b]C. [m]D. [t]2. The great source of modification of the air stream is found in the ______ cavity.A. nasalB. oralC. lungD. glottis3. ______ act is the act performed by or resulting from saying something.A. A locutionaryB. An illocutionaryC. A perlocutionaryD. A speech4. Once the notion of ______ was taken into consideration, semantics spilled into pragmatics.A. meaningB. contextC. formD. content5. Sense is concerned with the ______ meaning of the linguistic form.A. contextualB. realC. behavioristD. inherent6. Hyponyms of the same ______ are co-hyponyms.A. wordB. lexical itemC. superordinateD. hyponym7. Words that are opposite in meaning are ______.A. synonymsB. hyponymsC. antonymsD. homophones8. The word “modernizers” is composed of _____ morphemes.A. 3B. 4C. 5D. 69. According to F. de Saussure, _____ refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community.A. paroleB. performanceC. langueD. language10. Language is arbitrary in that there is no logical connection between meanings and ______.A. wordsB. soundsC. objectsD. ideas11. ______ morphemes are those that cannot be used independently but have to be combined with other morphemes, either free or bound, to form a word.A. FreeB. BoundC. RootD. Affix12. The smallest meaningful unit of language is ______.A. rootB. affixC. stemD. morpheme13. _____ refers to a word or expression that is prohibited by the “polite” society from general use.A. Linguistic tabooB. EuphemismC. Address termD. Slang14. Lying under the skull, the human brain contains an average of the ten billion nerve cells called ______.A. neuronsB. nerve systemC. nervesD. cerebral cortex15. ______ language belongs to the Sino-Tibetan Family.A. EnglishB. SpanishC. IndianD. Chinese参考答案：1--- 5ABCBD 6---10CCBCB 11---15BDAAD二、名词解释 (每个2分，共20 分)1. Linguistics is generally defined as the scientific study of language.2. Morphology is a branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed.3. Reference means what a linguistic form refers to in the real physical world; it deals with the relationship between the linguistic element and the non-linguistic world of experience.4. An illocutionary act is the act of expressing the speaker’s intention; it is the act performing is saying something.5. Speech community is thus defined as a group of people who form a community (which may have few members as a family or as many members as a country), and share the same language or a particular variety of language.6. Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication.7. Inflectional affixes or inflectional morphemes manifest various grammatical relations or grammatical categories such as number, tense, degree, and case.8. Pragmatics is the study of how speakers of language use sentences to effect successful communication.9. Accent refers to a way of pronunciation which tells the listener something about the speaker’s regional or social background.10. A lingua franca is a variety of language that serves as a medium of communication among groups of people from diverse linguistic backgrounds.三、简答题(每小题5分，共20分)1. What is the distinction between competence andperformance?Competence and performance was proposed by the American linguist N. Chomsky in the la te 1950’s. Chomsky defines competence as the ideal user’s knowledge of the rules of his language, and performance the actual realization of this knowledge in linguistic communication.2. What are the sense relations between sentences?Sense relations between sentences:1) X is synonymous with Y.2) X is inconsistent with Y.3) X entails Y.(Y is an entailment of X.)4) X presupposes Y. (Y is a prerequisite of X)5) X is a contradiction.6) X is semantically anomalous.3. What is idiolect?When an individual speaks, what is actually produced is a unique language system of the speaker, expressed within the overall system of a particular language. Such a personal dialect is referred to as idiolect.4. What is the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis?Sapir-Whorf proposed first that all higher levels of thinking are dependent on language. Or put it more bluntly, language determines thought, hence the strong notion of linguistic determinism. Because languages differ in many ways, Whorf also believed that speakers of different languages perceive and experience the world differently, that is, relative to their linguistic background, hence the notion of linguistic relativism. In short, the strong version of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis proposes that the language we speak determines the way we perceive the world and therefore the nature of thought.四、论述题(每小题10分，共30分)1. What are the design features of language?Design features refer to the defining properties of human language that distinguish it from any animal system of communication.1) arbitrariness2) productivity3) duality4) displacement5) cultural transmission2. Draw a labeled constituent structure tree diagram for each of the following sentences:1) The student likes the new linguistics professor.2) John suggested Mary take the linguistics class.1. The student likes the new linguistics professor.2. John suggested (that) Mary take the linguistics class.3. What is the difference between acquisition and learning? Illustrate with examples.Acquisition refers to the gradual and subconscious development of ability in the first language by using it naturally in daily communicative situations. Learning, however, is defined as a conscious process of accumulating knowledge of a second language usually obtained in school settings. It is recognized that children acquire their native language without explicit learning.A second language is more commonly learned but to some degree may also be acquired, depending on the environmental setting and the input received by the L2 learner.【2017年自考《现代语言学》复习题及答案】。

现代语言学自考题分类模拟17

现代语言学自考题分类模拟17(总分：80.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、PART ONE(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Ⅰ(总题数：10，分数：20.00)1.Standardization known as ______ is necessary in order to facilitate communications.（分数：2.00）nguage interpretationnguage identificationnguage choicenguage planning √解析：[解析] 通常，使用同一种语言但带有不同的地域方言的语言使用者们交际的时候会丰常困难。

走出这种交际困境的一个解决方法就是语言的标准化——即语言规划。

这意味着某些权威组织，譬如某个国家的政府或政府机构首先选定某一特定的言语变体然后跨区域推广使用这种语言变体，包括它的发音和拼写体系等。

2.Pragmatics differs from traditional semantics in that it studies meaning not in isolation, but in ______.（分数：2.00）A.relationshipB.dependenceC.sentenceD.context √解析：[解析] 语义学和语用学的根本区别在于意义研究是否考虑语境。

不考虑语境，语义研究属于传统的语义学范围；考虑语境，意义研究就成了语用学研究的范围。

3.______ answers such question that how we as infants acquire our first language.（分数：2.00）A.Psycholinguistics √B.Applied linguisticsC.SociolinguisticsD.Anthropological linguistics解析：[解析] 心理语言学研究的是语言和心理的相互关系。

现代语言学2017年4月真题试题与答案解析(00830)_1

D、between four and five years old
试题答案：[['B']]
试题解析：In generally, children’s two-word stage begins roughly in the second half of the second year.
1、Sdescriptions are often thought of as being descriptions of a language as it exists at the present day and most linguistic studies are of this type.
2 、 When pitch, stress and sound length are tied to the sentence rather than the word in isolation, they are collectively known as tone.
7、The following topics fall into the scope of historical linguistics EXCEPT.
A、sound change
B、morphological change C、syntactic change
D、register varieties
A、one B、two
C、three D、four
试题答案：[['C']]
试题解析：The word “under-develop-ed” contains three morphemes.
4、In the X-bar theory, the complement in the phrase “regularly check his E-mail box” is .

自学考试《现代语言学》备考练习题及答案

自学考试《现代语言学》备考练习题及答案考试复习最忌心浮气躁，急于求成。

为帮助自考生们顺利备考，以下是店铺搜索整理的一份2017自学考试《现代语言学》备考练习题及答案，供参考练习，希望对大家有所帮助!想了解更多相关信息请持续关注我们店铺!I. Directions: Explain the following terms, using one or two examples for illustration. (3%×5=15%)1.duality2. root3. reference4. hyponymy5. perlocutionary actⅡ. Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets. (2%×15=30%)( )1. As modern linguistics aims to describe and analyze the language peopleactually use, and not to lay down rules for "correct" linguistic behavior,it is said to be ___________.A、 prescriptiveB、 sociolinguisticC、 descriptiveD、 psycholinguistic( )2. In English, “pill” and “bill” are ___________.A. a phonemic contrastB. complementary distributionC. assimilation D a minimal pair( )3. Of the three branches of phonetics, the longest established, and until recently the most highly developed, is___________phonetics.A. auditoryB. acousticC. articulatoryD. none of the above three( )4. What the element ‘-es’ indicates is third person singular, present tense, the element ‘-ed’ past tense, and ‘-ing’ progressive aspect. Since they are the smallest unit of language and meaningful, they are also___________.A. phonemesB. morphemesC. allophonesD. phones( )5 .In terms of the place of articulation, the following sounds [t][d][s][z][n] share the feature of ___________.A. palatalB. alveolarC. bilabialD. dental( )6.The fact that different languages have different words for the same object is good proof that human language is ___________.A. arbitraryB.non-arbitraryC. logicalD.non-productive( )7.The pair of wor ds “lend”and “borrow”are ___________A.gradable antonymsB.converse antonymsC.co-hyponymsD.synonyms( )8.The function of the sentence “A nice day, isn't it?”is ___________rmativeB.phaticC.directiveD.performative( )9.The semantic components of the word “gentleman” can be expressed as___________.A.+animate,+male,+human, +adultB.+animate,+male,+human,-adultC.+animate,-male,+human,-adultD.+animate,-male,+human,+adult( )10.The utterance "We're already working 25 hours a day, eight days a week."obviously violates the maxim of ___________.A.qualityB.quantityC.relationD.manner( )11. The sentence “The baby smiled.” is a___________.A. two-place predicationB. three-place predicationC. no-place predicationD. one-place predication( )12. “John killed Bill but Bill didn’t die” is a (n) ___________.A. entailmentB. presuppositionC. anomalyD. contradiction( )13. What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is whether in the study of meaning _________ is considered.A. referenceB. speech actC. contextD. practical usage( )14. A sentence is a _________ concept, and the meaning of a sentence is often studied in isolation.A. pragmaticB. grammaticalC. mentalD. conceptual( )15. The sentence structure is _________.A. only linearB. only hierarchicalC. complexD. both linear and hierarchicalⅢ. Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of each statement. (2%×10=20%)( )1. In modern linguistic studies, the written form of language is givenmore emphasis than the spoken form for a number of reasons.( )2. The compound word "bookstore" is the place where books are sold. Thisindicates that the meaning of a compound is the sum total of the meanings of its components.( )3. Only when a maxim under Cooperative Principle is blatantly violatedand the hearer knows that it is being violated, do conversational implicatures arise.( )4. All words may be said to contain a root morpheme.( )5.The word “photographically” is made up of 5morphemes.( )6. A general difference between phonetics and phonology is thatphonetics is focused on the production of speech sounds while phonology ismore concerned with how speech sounds distinguish meaning.( )7. The relationship between the embedded clause and its matrix clause is one of a part to the whole.( )8.“The student” in the sentence “The student liked the linguistic lecture”, and “The linguistic lecture” in the sentence “The linguistic lecture liked the student.” belong to the same syntactic category.( )9. “It is raining hard” is a one-place predication sentence.( )10. Componential analysis is based on the belief that the meaning of a word cannot be dissected into meaning components, called semantic feature.Ⅳ. Answer the following questions. (35%)1. Give the description of the following sound segments in English. (5%)[k][z][w][u:][i]2. What are the major distinctions between langue and parole? (5%)3. According to the ways antonyms differ, how many groups can we classify antonyms into? Illustrate them with examples. (5%)4. Paraphrase the sentence “The boy saw the man with the telescope.” by drawing the constituent structure trees for each possible interpretation. (10%)5. What are the four maxims of the CP? Comment on the following conversation in terms of Grice’s Cooperative Principle: A: Where’ve you been?B: Out.参考答案I. Directions: Explain the following terms, using one or two examples for illustration. (3%×5=15%)1. Duality : The duality nature of language means that language is a system, which consists of two sets of structure, or two levels, one of sounds and the other of meanings. At the lower or the basic level, there is the structure of sounds, which are meaningless, discrete, individual sounds. But the sounds of language can be combined according to rules into units of meaning such as morphemes and words2. root: A root is the base form of a word that cannot be further analyzed without total loss of identity. That is to say, it is that port of the word when all the affixes are removed.3. reference: Reference means what a linguistic form refers to in the real, physical world; it deals with the relationship between the linguistic element and the non-linguistic world of experience.4. hyponymy: Hyponymy refers to the sense relation betweena more general, more inclusive word and a more specific word.5. perlocutionary act: A perlocutionary act is the act per-formed by or resulting from saying something; it is the consequence of, or the change brought about by the utterance; it is the act performed by saying something.Ⅱ. Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets. (2%×15=30%)1-5 CDCBB 6-10 ABBAA 11-15 DDCBDⅢ. Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of each statement. (2%×10=20%)1-5 FFTTF 6-10 TTTFFⅣ. Answer the following questions. (35%)1. Give the description of the following sound segments in English. (5%)[k]: voiceless, stop, velar[z]: voiced, alveolar, fricative[w]: bilabial, approximant[u:]: back, lax, rounded, high[i]: front, tense, unrounded, high2. What are the major distinctions between langue and parole? (5%)Langue refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community, and parole refers to the realization of langue in actual use. Langue is the set of conventions and rules which language users all have to follow while parole is the concrete use of the conventions and the application of the rules. Langue is abstract; it is not the language people actually use, but parole is concrete; it refers to thenaturally occurring language events. Langue is relatively stable. it does not change frequently; while parole varies from person to person, and from situation to situation.3. According to the ways antonyms differ, how many groups can we classify antonyms into? Illustrate them with examples. (5%) Gradable antonymy Complementary antonymy Converse antonymy4. Paraphrase the sentence “The boy saw the man with the telescope.” by drawing the constituent structure trees for each possible interpretation. (10%) omitted5. What are the four maxims of the CP? Comment on the following conversation in terms of Grice’s Cooperative Principle: (10%)A: Where’ve you been?B: Out. Quality maxims Quantity maxims Manner maxims Relation maxims。

2017年4月自考现代汉语00535试卷及答案解释完整版

2017年4月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试现代汉语试卷(课程代码00535)自考包过q34601837本试卷共5页，满分l00分，考试时间l50分钟。

考生答题注意事项：1．本卷所有试题必须在答题卡上作答。

答在试卷上无效，试卷空白处和背面均可作草稿纸。

2．第一部分为选择题。

必须对应试卷上的题号使用2B铅笔将“答题卡”的相应代码涂黑。

3．第二部分为非选择题。

必须注明大、小题号，使用0．5毫米黑色字迹签字笔作答。

4．合理安排答题空间，超出答题区域无效。

第一部分选择题(共20分)一、单项选择题(本大题共20小题，每小题l分，共20分)在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其选出并将“答题卡”的相应代码涂黑。

错涂、多涂或未涂均无分。

1．根据20世纪80年代末《中国语言地图集》所做的归类，现代汉语的大方言区有A．7个 B．8个C．9个 D．10个2．语音所代表的意义是由这种语言的全体社会成员约定俗成的，这反映了语音的A．生理性质 B．社会性质C．物理性质 D．强弱性质3．下列各词，两个音节声母都是舌尖中音的是A．大闹 B．子弟C．纪念 D．小李4．下列音节，韵母是前元音的是A．特 B．寄C．五 D．墨5．下列音节，调值为35的是A．欢 B．去 C．里 D．羊6．下列韵母，不能构成零声母音节、只能和辅音声母构成音节的是A．ong B．er C．ueng D．a7．下列汉字，属于合体字的是A．秉 B.曼 C．十 D．二8．作为一种表意文字，汉字在意义上代表A．语素 B．音素 C.字母 D．音节9．在汉字字形的结构系统中，最小的结构单位是A．部件 B．偏旁C．笔画 D．部首10．下列各词，“老”属于词根的是A．老板 B．老鼠C．老婆 D．老人11.下列各词属于敬词的是A．犬子 B．令爱C．敝校 D．拙作12．下列各词属于合成词的是A．猩猩 B.星星C．漫漫 D．姗姗13．“种花”的“花”和“花时间”的“花”属于A．多义词 B．反义词C．同音词 D．同义词14.“冷板凳”是A．惯用语 B．谚语C．成语 D．歇后语15．下列各词属予体词的是A．区别词 B.连词C．数词 D．动词16．下列各短语属于偏正短语的是A．学懂 B．积极参与C．中国的首都北京 D．伟大而质朴17．下列各句包含结果补语的是A．快把水端进去! B．这篇文章写得很好。

2017年4月高等教育自学考试《现代语言学》试题

2017年4月高等教育自学考试《现代语言学》试题课程代码：00830I. Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and blacken the corresponding letter A, B,C orD on the ANSWER SHEET. (2% X 10=20%)1. Language is "the institution whereby humans communicate and interact with each otherby means of habitually used oral-auditory arbitrary symbols," which was proposed byA. ChomskyB. HallC. SapirD. Saussure2. Of the following features, is NOT a suprasegmental feature.A. stressB. toneC. intonationD. phoneme3. The rules that govem which affix can be added to what type of stem to form a new wordare called rules.A. phonologicalB. morphologicalC. syntacticD. semantic4. In the X-bar theory, the specifier of the phrase very curious of the answer isA. veryB. curiousC. theD. answer5. Predication analysis is a way to analyze meaning.A. sentenceB. utteranceC. lexicalD. pragmatic6. A analysis of an utterance reveals what the speaker intends to do with it.A. syntacticB. semanticC. pragmaticD. psycholinguistic7. The work of the marked the beginning of the discovery of Indo-Europeanlanguage family.A. British scholar Sir William JonesB. German linguist Franz BoppC. Danish scholar Rasmus RaskD. German scholar Jacob Grimm8. There is a difference between what we know, which is our linguistic competence, andhow we use this knowledge in actual speech production and , which is ourlinguistic performance.A. communicationB. comprehensionC. creationD. perception9. When we speak, words are sent to ., which determines the details of their formand pronunciation.A. Wemicke's areaB. Broca's areaC. the angular gymsD. the motor area10. When children's language develops towards the early stage, negative wordsoccur at the beginning of expressions, for example, "No mitten," "No singing song".A. prelinguisticB. one-wordC. two-wordD. multiword第二部分非选择题(共80分)II. Directions: Fill in the blank on the ANSWER SHEET in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which isalready given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in ONE word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given. (1% × 10=10%)11. Similar to Saussure, Chomsky thinks that what linguists should study is the ideal peaker'scompetence, not his p , which is too haphazard to be studied.12. The a rule assimilates one sound to another by "copying" a feature of a sequential phoneme.13. Syntactically, the part of speech of a compound is generally determined by the part of speech of the s element.14. A c sentence contains two or more clauses, one of which is incorporatedinto the other.15. Whether a sentence is semantically meaningful is governed by rules called s restrictions.16. According to John Austin, p were sentences which did not state a fact ordescribe a state, and were not verifiable.17. Language change is largely a process of b between the simplification and theelaboration of rules, between the need to reduce memory burdens and the need tomaintain communicative clarity.18. Sociolinguists are particularly interested in three types of speech variety, or dialects,namely, r dialects, social dialects, and registers.19. For most individuals, the I hemisphere is dominant for language.20. Adults are motivated to learn a second language because of a communicative need. Theymay learn a second language in order to use it socially, in which case imotivation occurs.III Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false on the ANSWER SHEET. If you think a statement is false, you must explain why you think so and then give the correct version. (2%)<10=20%)21. The grammar taught to learners of a language today is still basically descriptive in thesense that it tells leamers what they should say, or what is supposed to be correct usage.22. The study of the speech sounds which distinguish meaning is called phonetics.23. A bound root, often seen as part of a word, can never stand by itself although it bearsclear, definite meaning.24. Pronoun is a major lexical category in the English language.25. There are two aspects to sentence meaning: lexical meaning and semantic meaning.26. The illocutionary point of representatives is to commit the speaker to something's beingthe case, to the troth of what has been said.27. Many of the most basic terms in the English language originate from Middle English.28. The sentence "He crazy" is acceptable in Black English vemacular because the absenceof the copula "be" is an obvious feature of Black English.29. According to Eric Lenneberg, prior to the completion of the lateralization process bothbrain hemispheres are involved to some extent in language.30. It is widely recognized that children across cultures follow a similar route ofdevelopment in acquiring their native language.IV. Directions: Explain the following terms and give examples for illustration where appropriate. (3% ~ 10=-30%)31. productivity32. phones33. bound morphemes34. universal grammar35. entailment36. commissives37. blending38. speech community39. brain lateralization40. Krashen's learningV. Directions: Answer the following questions. (10% ~ 2=20%)41. Explain the deletion rule with examples.42. Please define semantic change and illustrate the major types of semantic change withexamples.。