考研英语时文阅读(13)

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研究生英语阅读教程Unit13

In general, responses to music are able to be observed. It has been proven that music influences humans both in good and bad ways. These effects are instant and long lasting. Music is thought to link all of the emotional, spiritual, and physical elements of the universe. Music can also be used to change a person's mood, and has been found to cause like physical responses in many people simultaneously. Music also has the ability to strengthen or weaken emotions from a particular event such as a funeral.
The power of music can also be seen in the arena of therapy. Music is one of the oldest tools used for therapy. Drums and rattles were used by medicine men as a symbol of their power over the spirits of sickness. Plato, in his book Charnides, talks about the healing power of music. Many Parkinson's disease patients can overcome the effects of the disease by listening to certain types of music. The music helps brain messages to organize and flow and puts the brain into a higher gear. Music can also be used with mental patients who have schizophrenia or depressive psychosis as a way to "contact" them, to get them back into reality. However, for the music to be effective, it has to be liked by the patient.

英文时文阅读

考研时文阅读（12Text 11 Why texting harms your IQ为什么收发短信会降低智商？The regular use of text messages and e-mails can lower the IQ more than twice as much as smoking marijuana. That is the claim of psychologists who have found that tapping away on a mobile phone or computer keypad or checking them for electronic messages temporarily knocks up to ten points off the user's IQ. This rate of decline in intelligence compares unfavorably with the four-point drop in IQ associated with smoking marijuana, according to British researchers, who have labeled the fleeting phenomenon of enhanced stupidity as infomania.Research on sleep deprivation suggests that the IQ drop caused by electronic obsession is also equivalent to a wakeful night. Infomania is mainly a problem for adult workers, especially men, as the study commissioned by Hewlett Packard, the technology company, has concluded.The noticeable drop in IQ is attributed to the constant distraction of always on technology when employees should be concentrating on what they are paid to do. Infomania means that they lose concentration as their minds remain fixed in an almost permanent state of readiness to react to technology instead of focusing on the task in hand. Workers lose productivity by interrupting a business meeting and disrupt social gatherings because of their infirmity, the report said.The brain also finds it hard to cope with juggling lots of tasks at once, reducing its overall effectiveness, it added. And while modern technology can have huge benefits, excessive use can be damaging not only to a person's mind, but to their social life.Furthermore, infomania is having a negative effect on work colleagues, increasing stress and dissenting feelings. Nine out of ten polled thought that colleagues who answered e-mails or messages during a face-to-face meeting were extremely rude. Yet one in three Britons believes that it is not only acceptable, but actually diligent and efficient to do so.The effects on IQ were studied by Dr Glenn Wilson, a University of London psychologist, as part of the research project. This is a very real and widespread phenomenon, he said. We have found that infomania, if unchecked, will damage a worker's performance by reducing their mental sharpness. Companies should encourage a more balanced and appropriate way of working.经常收发短信和e-mail会降低人的智商。

新世纪研究生公共英语教材阅读 B Unit 13

Text Learning
• According to the text, what is the reason for the invasion of privacy?
– Our computer and Internet.
Text Learning
• What methods are taken to protect our privacy?
Unit Thirteen
Invasion of Privacy
• Group Discussion:
– Find out effective solutions for the following cases.
• Someone uses your credit card number and charges $ 3,000 to your account. • Someone gets information from your medical files and sends you brochures on health products you may want to buy.
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
Questions about the text
• 1. According to the author, he had had some privacy-deprived experiences, and what are they? And whose fault? • 2. According to the text, what is the reason for the invasion of privacy? • 3. What methods are taken to protect our privacy? • 4. In Kelly’s opinion, what is the privacy problem?

考研英语一阅读理解专项强化真题试卷13(题后含答案及解析)

考研英语一阅读理解专项强化真题试卷13(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1.Many people talked of the 288,000 new jobs the Labor Department reported for June, along with the drop in the unemployment rate to 6. 1 percent, as good news. And they were right. For now it appears the economy is creating jobs at a decent pace. We still have a long way to go to get back to full employment, but at least we are now finally moving forward at a faster pace. However, there is another important part of the jobs picture that was largely overlooked. There was a big jump in the number of people who report voluntarily working part-time. This figure is now 830,000(4. 4 percent)above its year ago level. Before explaining the connection to the Obamacare, it is worth making an important distinction. Many people who work part-time jobs actually want full-time jobs. They take part-time work because this is all they can get. There was an increase in involuntary part-time in June, but the general direction has been down. Involuntary part-time employment is still far higher than before the recession, but it is down by 640,000(7.9 percent)from its year ago level. We know the difference between voluntary and involuntary part-time employment because people tell us. The survey used by the Labor Department asks people if they worked less than 35 hours in the reference week. If the answer is “yes,” they are classified as working part-time. The survey then asks whether they worked less than 35 hours in that week because they wanted to work less than full time or because they had no choice. They are only classified as voluntary part-time workers if they tell the survey taker they chose to work less than 35 hours a week. The issue of voluntary part-time relates to Obamacare because one of the main purposes was to allow people to get insurance outside of employment. For many people, especially those family members with serious health conditions, before Obamacare the only way to get insurance was through a job that provided health insurance. However, Obamacare has allowed more than 12 million people to either get insurance through Medicaid or the exchanges. These are people who may previously have felt the need to get a full-time job that provided insurance in order to cover themselves and their families. With Obamacare there is no longer a link between employment and insurance.1．Which part of the jobs picture was neglected?______.A．The prospect of a thriving job marketB．The increase of voluntary part-time jobsC．The possibility of full employmentD．The acceleration of job creation正确答案：B解析：细节题。

研究生英语读写教程提高级unit13

研究生英语读写教程提高级unit13In the backdrop of globalization, the exchange and integration of cultures have become increasingly significant. As the world becomes more interconnected, the boundaries that once separated different cultures are gradually disappearing, giving way to a new era of cultural diversity and hybridity. This phenomenon is not merely a product of economic integration and technological advancements; it is also a reflection of the deep-seated human desire to connect, understand, and appreciate other cultures.One of the most significant impacts of globalization on cultural exchange is the ease with which information and ideas can now travel across borders. The internet, in particular, has revolutionized the way we access and share cultural content. Movies, music, books, and other forms of media are now accessible to a global audience, enabling people to experience diverse cultures without leaving their homes. This has not only broadened people's horizons but has also fostered a newfound respect and appreciation for other cultures.However, the process of cultural exchange is not always smooth. Differences in language, values, traditions, and beliefs can sometimes lead to misunderstandings and conflicts. It is, therefore, crucial that we approach cultural exchange with an open and tolerant mindset, respecting the differences while seeking commonalities. By doing so, we can not only avoid misunderstandings but also learn from other cultures, enriching our own cultural identity.Integration, on the other hand, refers to the blending of different cultures into a new, unique cultural identity. This process often occurs when cultures come into contact with each other, resulting in the emergence of new cultural forms and practices. For instance, the fusion of Western and Eastern music styles has given birth to a new genre of music that is both unique and appealing to a global audience. Similarly, the integration of different cuisines has led to the creation of new and exciting dishes that are a testament to the beauty of cultural diversity.In conclusion, the exchange and integration of cultures are inevitable in the age of globalization. It is ourresponsibility to ensure that this process is positive and constructive, fostering mutual understanding and respect among different cultures. By doing so, we can create a more inclusive and harmonious world where the richness ofcultural diversity is celebrated and cherished.**全球化背景下的文化交流与融合**在全球化的背景下，文化交流与融合变得越来越重要。

考研英语_时文阅读50篇

考研英语_时⽂阅读50篇考拉进阶英语时⽂阅读50篇Passage1Dealing With Spam1:Confidence Game(2010.11.18The Economist)[483words]Bill Gates,then still Microsoft’s boss,was nearly rightin2004when he predicted the end of spam in two years.Thanks to clever filters2unsolicited3e-mail has largelydisappeared as a daily nuisance4for most on the internet.But spam is still a menace5:blocked at the e-mail inbox,spammers post messages as comments on websites and increasingly on social networks like Twitter and Facebook.The criminal businesses behind spam are competitive and creative.They vault over6technical fixes as fast as the hurdles7are erected.The anti-spam industry has done applaudable work in saving e-mail.But it is always one step behind.In the end,the software industry’s interest is in making money from the problem(by selling subscriptions to regular security updates)rather than tackling it at its source.Law-enforcement agencies have had some success shutting down spam-control servers in America and the Netherlands.But as one place becomes unfriendly, spammers move somewhere else.Internet connections in poor and ill-run countries are improving faster than the authorities there can police them.That won’t end soon.In any case,the real problem is not the message,but the link.Sometimes an unwise click leads only to a website that sells counterfeit8pills.But it can also lead to a page that infects your computer with a virus or another piece of malicious software that then steals your passwords or uses your machine for other immoral purposes. Spam was never about e-mail;it was about convincing us to click.To the spammer,it needs to be decided whether the link is e-mailed or liked.The police are doing what they can,and software companies keep on tightening security.But spam is not just a hack9or a crime,it is a social problem,too.If you look beyond the computers that lie between a spammer and his mark,you can see allthe classic techniques of a con-man:buy this stock,before everyone else does.Buy these pills,this watch,cheaper than anyone else can.The spammer plays upon the universal human desire to believe that we are smarter than anyone gives us credit for,and that things can be had for nothing.As in other walks of life,people become wiser and take precautions only when they have learned what happens when they don’t.That is why the spammers’new arena10—social networks—is so effective.A few fiddles might help,such as tougher default privacy settings on social networks.But the real problem is man,not the machine.Public behaviour still treats the internet like a village,in which new faces are welcome and anti-social behaviour a rarity.A better analogy would be a railway station in a big city,where hustlers11gather to prey on the credulity12of new arrivals.Wise behaviour in such places is to walk fast,avoid eye contact and be cautious with strangers.Try that online.1.spam/sp?m/n.垃圾邮件2.filter/?f?lt?/n.过滤器；滤光器；筛选过滤程序3.unsolicited/??ns??l?s?t?d/adj.未经请求的，⾃发的4.nuisance/?nju?s?ns/n.⿇烦事，讨厌的⼈或东西5.menace/?men?s/n.威胁，恐吓；危险⽓氛；烦⼈的⼈或事物6.vault over越过7.hurdle/?h??dl/n.障碍；跨栏，栏8.counterfeit/?ka?nt?f?t/n.伪造，仿造，制假9.hack/h?k/n.砍,劈；供出租的马；出租车司机；⾮法侵⼊（他⼈计算机系统）10.arena/??ri?n?/n.圆形运动场，圆形剧场；竞技舞台，活动场所11.hustler/?h?sl?/n.耍诡计骗钱的⼈12.credulity/kr??du?l?t?/n.轻信Passage2A Gene to Explain Depression（2011.1.3Time）[459words]As powerful as genes are in exposing clues to diseases,not even the most passionate geneticist1believes thatcomplex conditions such as depression can be reduced to atell-tale2string of DNA.But a new study confirms earlier evidence that aparticular gene,involved in ferrying3a brain chemical critical to mood known as serotonin4,may play a role in triggering5the mental disorder in some people.Researchers led by Dr.Srijan Sen,a professor of psychiatry at University of Michigan,report in the Archives6of General Psychiatry that individuals with a particular form of the serotonin transporter gene were more vulnerable to developing depression when faced with stressful life events such as having a serious medical illness or being a victim of childhood abuse.The form of the gene that these individuals inherit prevents the mood-regulating serotonin from being re-absorbed by nerve cells in the brain.Having such a low-functioning version of the transporter starting early in life appears to set these individuals up for developing depression later on,although the exact relationship between this gene,stress,and depression isn’t clear yet.Sen’s results confirm those of a ground-breaking7study in2003,in which scientists for the first time confirmed the link between genes and environment in depression.In that study,which involved more than800subjects,individuals with the gene coding for the less functional serotonin transporter were more likely to develop depression following a stressful life event than those with the more functional form of the gene.But these findings were questioned by a2009analysis in which scientistspooled814studies investigating the relationship between the serotonin transporter gene,depression and stress,and found no heightened risk of depression among those with different versions of the gene.“One of the hopes I have is that we can settle this story,and move on to looking more broadly across the genome9for more factors related to depression,”he says.“Ideally we would like to find a panel of different genetic variations that go together to help us predict who is going to respond poorly to stress,and who might respond well to specific types of treatment as opposed to others.”He believes that the2009findings do not contradict those from2003,or the latest results,but rather reflect a difference in the way the study was conducted.Sen stresses,however,that this gene is only one player in the cast of genetic and environmental factors that contribute to depression.“All things considered,this gene is a relatively small factor,and for this finding to be clinically10useful,we really need to find many,many more factors.Ultimately we may identify new pathways that are involved in depression to come up with new and better treatments.”1.geneticist/dnet?s?st/n.遗传学家2.tell-tale/?tel?te?l/adj.暴露实情的，能说明问题的3.ferry/?fer?/vt.渡运，摆渡4.serotonin/?s??rt??n?n/n.[⽣化]⾎清素，5-羟⾊胺（神经递质，易影响情绪等）5.trigger/?tr?ɡ?/vt.触发，引发；开动，启动6.archive/?ɑ?ka?v/n.档案馆；档案⽂件7.ground-breaking/?gra?nd?bre?k??/adj.开创性的；创新的8.pool/pu?l/vt.合伙经营；集中（智慧等）；共享，分享9.genome/??i?n??m/n.[⽣]基因组；[⽣]染⾊体组10.clinically/?kl?n?kl?/adv.临床地；冷淡地；通过临床诊断Passage3Second Thoughts on Online Education(2010.9New York Times)[415words]Let the computer do the teaching.Some studies,expertopinion and cost pressures all point toward a continuing shiftof education online.A major study last year,funded by the EducationDepartment,which covered comparative research over12years,concluded that online learning on average beat face-to-face teaching by a modest1but statistically meaningful margin2.Bill Gates,whose foundation funds a lot of education programs,predicted last month that in five years much of college education will have gone online.“The self-motivated learner will be on the Web,”Mr.Gates said,speaking at the Techonomy conference in Lake Tahoe.“College needs to be less place-based.”But recent research,published as a National Bureau of Economic Research working paper,comes to a different conclusion.“A rush to online education may come at more of a cost than educators may suspect,”the authors write.The research was a head-to-head experiment,comparing the grades achieved in the same introductory economics class by students—one group online,and one in classroom lectures.Certain groups did notably worse online.Hispanic3students online fell nearly a full grade lower than Hispanic students that took the course in class.Male students did about a half-grade worse online,as did low-achievers,which had college grade-point averages below the mean for the university.The difference certainly was not attributable4to machines replacing a tutorial-style human teaching environment.Instead,the classroom was a large lecture hall seating hundreds of students.Initially,David Figlio,an economist at Northwestern University and co-author of the paper,said he had thought that the flexibility5of the Internet—the ability to“go back and roll the tape”—would probably give the online coursework6an edge over traditional“chalk and talk teaching.”The online lectures were well done,using a professional producer and cameraman7.“It had very much the feel of being in the room,”Mr.Figlio said.So what accounts for the difference in outcomes8?Mr.Figlio has a few theories. For the poorer performance of males and lower-achievers,he says the time-shifting convenience of the Web made it easier for students to put off viewing the lectures and cram9just before the test,a tactic10unlikely to produce the best possible results.It’s partly a stereotype11but also partly true,Mr.Figlio says,that female students tend to be better at timemanagement,spreading their study time over a semester,than males.“And the Internet makes it easier to put off12the unpleasant thing,attending the lecture,”he said.1.modest/?m?d?st/adj.谦虚的,谦恭的；适中的,适度的；些许的2.margin/?mɑ:d??n/n.页边空⽩；边,边缘；差数,差额3.Hispanic/h?s?p?n?k/adj.西班⽛和葡萄⽛的4.attributable/??tr?bj?t?bl/adj.可归因于，可能由于5.flexibility/?fleks??b?l?t?/n.灵活性；柔韧性6.coursework/?k?:sw?:k/n.课程作业7.cameraman/?k?m?r?m?n/n.摄影师8.outcome/?a?tk?m/n.结果9.cram/kr?m/v.挤满，塞满；临时死记硬背10.tactic/?t?kt?k/n.兵法；⽅法,策略；⼿段；招数11.stereotype/?ster??ta?p/n.模式化观念，⽼⼀套，刻板形象12.put off撤销，取消Passage4The Kids Can’t Help It（2010.12.16Newsweek）[372words]What new research reveals about the adolescentbrain—from why kids bully1to how the teen yearsshape the rest of your life.They say you never escape high school.And forbetter or worse,science is lending some credibility tothat old saw.Thanks to sophisticated imaging technology and a raft2of longitudinal3studies,we’re learning that the teen years are a period of crucial brain development subject to a host of environmental and genetic factors.This emerging research sheds4light not only on why teenagers act they way they do,but how the experiences of adolescence—from rejection to binge5 drinking—can affect who we become as adults,how we handle stress,and the way we bond with others.One of the most important discoveries in this area of study,says Dr.Frances Jensen,a neuroscientist at Harvard,is that our brains are not finished maturing by adolescence,as was previously thought.Adolescent brains“are only about80percentof the way to maturity,”she said at the annual meeting of the Society for Neuroscience in November.It takes until the mid-20s,and possibly later,for a brain to become fully developed.An excess of gray matter6(the stuff that does the processing)at the beginning of adolescence makes us particularly brilliant at learning—the reason we’re so good at picking up new languages starting in early childhood—but also particularly sensitive to the influences of our environment,both emotional and physical.Our brains’processing centers haven’t been fully linked yet,particularly the parts responsible for helping to check7our impulses8and considering the long-term repercussions9of our actions.“It’s like a brain that’s all revved10up not knowing where it needs to go,”says Jensen.It’s partially because of this developmental timeline that a teen can be so quick to conjure11a stinging remark,or a biting insult,and so uninhibited12in firing it off at the nearest unfortunate target—a former friend,perhaps,or a bewildered parent.The impulse to hurl13an insult14is there,just as it may be for an adult in a stressful situation,but the brain regions that an adult might rely on to stop himself from saying something cruel just haven’t caught up.1.bully/?b?l?/v.恐吓；充当恶霸，恃强凌弱2.raft/rɑ?ft/n.筏；橡⽪艇，充⽓船；⼤量3.longitudinal/?l?ntju?d?nl/adj.纵向的；纵观的；经度的4.shed/?ed/vt.散发出光；去除，摆脱；蜕，落5.binge/b?nd?/n.饮酒作乐；狂饮；狂闹6.gray matter灰质（脑、脊髓内神经元集中的地⽅）7.check/t?ek/v.检查，核验，核对；制⽌，控制8.impulse/??mp?ls/n.冲动；脉冲；刺激，推动⼒9.repercussion/?ri?p??kn/n.（间接的）反响，影响，恶果10.rev/rev/v.（发动机等）加快转速11.conjure/?k?n??/v.变魔术；使变戏法般地出现（或消失）12.uninhibited/??n?n?h?b?t?d/adj.⽆限制的;⽆拘束的,放任的13.hurl/h??l/vt.猛掷，猛扔；⼤声说出14.insult/?n?s?lt/n.侮辱；凌辱；⽆礼Passage5The Power of Posture(2011.1.13The Economist)[486words]“Stand up straight!”“Chest out!”“Shoulders back!”Theseare the perennial1cries of sergeant2majors and fussy3parentsthroughout the ages.Posture certainly matters.Big is dominantand in species after species,humans included,postures thatenhance the posturer’s apparent size cause others to treat him asif he were more powerful.The stand-up-straight brigade4,however,often make a further claim:that posture affects the way the posturer treats himself,as well as how others treat him.To test the truth of this,Li Huang and Adam Galinsky,at Northwestern University in Illinois,have compared posture’s effects onself-esteem with those of a more conventional ego-booster,management responsibility. In a paper just published in Psychological Science they conclude,surprisingly,that posture may matter more.The two researchers’experimental animals—77undergraduate students—first filled out questionnaires5,ostensibly6to assess their leadership capacity.Half were then given feedback forms which indicated that,on the basis of the questionnaires, theywere to be assigned to be managers in a forthcoming7experiment.The other half were told they would besubordinates8.While the participants waited for this feedback, they were asked to help with a marketing test on ergonomic9chairs.In fact,neither of these tests was what it seemed.The questionnaires were irrelevant.V olunteers were assigned to be managers or subordinates at random.The test of posture had nothing to do with ergonomics.And,crucially,each version of the posture test included equal numbers of those who would become“managers”and “subordinates”.Once the posture test was over the participants received their new statuses and the researchers measured theirimplicit10sense of power by asking them to engage in a word-completion task.Participants were instructed to complete a number of fragments11with the first word that came to mind.Seven of the fragments could be interpreted as words related to power(“power”,“direct”,“lead”,“authority”,“control”,“command”and“rich”).Although previous studies suggested a mere title is enough to produce a detectable increase in an individual’s sense of power,Dr Huang and Dr Galinsky found no difference in the word-completion scores of those told they would be managers and those told they would be subordinates.Having established the principle,Dr Huang and Dr Galinsky went on to test the effect of posture on other power-related decisions:whether to speak first in a debate, whether to leave the site of a plane crash to find help and whether to join a movement to free a prisoner who was wrongfully locked up.In all three cases those who had sat in expansive12postures chose the active option(to speak first,to search for help,to fight for justice)more often than those who had sat crouched13. The upshot14,then,is that father(or the sergeant major)was right.Those who walk around with their heads held high not only get the respect of others,they seem also to respect themselves.1.perennial/p??ren??l/adj.[植]多年⽣的；长久的，持续的2.sergeant/?sɑnt/n.[军]（英）陆军、空军、海军陆战队中⼠；（美）陆军或空军中⼠3.fussy/?f?s?/adj.挑剔的，⼤惊⼩怪的；紧张不安的4.brigade/?br?ɡe?d/n.旅；伙，帮，派5.questionnaire/?kwestn e?/n.问卷；调查表6.ostensibly/?s?tens?bl?/adv.表⾯上；明显地7.forthcoming/?f??θ?k?m??/adj.即将发⽣的；现成的；乐于提供信息的8.subordinate/s??b??d?n?t/n.下级，部属9.ergonomic/ɡn?m?k/adj.⼈类⼯程学的10.implicit/?m?pl?s?t/adj.不⾔明的，含蓄的11.fragment/?fr?ɡm?nt/n.碎⽚，⽚段12.expansive/?ks?p?ns?v/adj.⼴阔的，辽阔的；⼴泛的，全⾯的；友善健谈的，开朗的13.crouch/kraut?/vt.屈膝,蹲伏,蹲,蹲下14.upshot/??p??t/n.最后结果，结局Passage6How Rest Helps Memory:Sleepy Heads(2010.2.25The Economist)[402words]Mad dogs and Englishmen,so the song has it,go out in themidday sun.And the business practices of England’s linealdescendant1,America,will have you in the office from nine in themorning to five in the evening,if not longer.Much of the world,though,prefers to take a siesta2.And research presented to theAAAS meeting in San Diego suggests it may be right to do so.Ithas already been established that those who siesta are less likely todie of heart disease.Now,Matthew Walker and his colleagues at the University of California,Berkeley,have found that they probably have better memory, too.A post-prandial3snooze4,Dr Walker has discovered,sets the brain up for learning.The role of sleep in consolidating5memories that have already been created has been understood for some time.Dr Walker has been trying to extend this understanding by looking at sleep’s role in preparing the brain for the formation of memories in the first place.He was particularly interested in a type of memory called episodic6memory,which relates to specific events,places and times.This contrasts with procedural memory,of the skills required to perform some sort of mechanical task,such as driving.The theory he and his team wanted to test was that the ability to form new episodic memories deteriorates7with increased wakefulness,and that sleep thus restores the brain’s capacity for efficient learning.They asked a group of39people to take part in two learning sessions,one at noon and one at6pm.On each occasion the participants tried to memorise and recall 100combinations of pictures and names.After the first session they were assigned randomly to either a control group,which remained awake,or a nap group,which had 100minutes of monitored sleep. Those who remained awake throughout the day became worse at learning.Those who napped8,by contrast,actually improved their capacity to learn,doing better in the evening than they had at noon.These findings suggest that sleep is clearing the brain’s short-term memory and making way for new information.The benefits to memory of a nap,says Dr Walker,are so great that they can equal an entire night’s sleep.Hewarns,however,that napping must not be done too late in the day or it will interfere with night-time sleep.Moreover,not everyone awakens refreshed from a siesta.1.lineal descendant直系后裔2.siesta/s??est?/n.午睡，午休3.prandial/?pr?nd??l/adj.膳⾷的，正餐的4.snooze/snu:z/n.⼩睡5.consolidate/k?n?s?l?de?t/vt.使巩固，使加强；合并6.episodic/?ep??s?d?k/adj.偶尔发⽣的，不定期的；有许多⽚段的7.deteriorate/d??t??r??re?t/vi.恶化,退化；变坏8.nap/n?p/vi.⼩睡Passage7Learning Gap Between Rich and Poor Starts Early（2011.2Newsweek）[354words]It’s generally accepted that there is a correlationbetween a child’s educational attainment1and a family’spoverty level,but new research shows that the problemmay take root2earlier than previously thought.A new study in Psychological Science found that at10months old,children from poor families performed just as well as children from wealthier families,but by the time they turned2,children from wealthier families were scoring consistently higher than those from poorer ones.“Poor kids aren’t even doing as well in terms of school readiness,sounding out letters and doing other things that you would expect to be relevant to early learning,”Elliot M.Tucker-Drob of the University of Texas at Austin,lead author of the study, said in a press release.To conduct the study,researchers assessed the mental abilities of about750pairs of fraternal3and identical4twins from all over the U.S.The participants’socioeconomic status was determined based on parents’educational attainment, occupations and family income.Each child was asked to perform tasks that included pulling a string to ring a bell, placing three cubes in a cup,matching pictures and sorting pegs by color first at10 months and again when they were2years old.At this time,researchers discovered that during the14-month window between the aptitude5tests,gaps in cognitive6 development had started to occur.Children from wealthier families had started to consistently outperform those from poorer ones.Researchers attempted to disprove7a genetic explanation by comparing the aptitude tests of each set of twins.Among the2-year-olds from wealthier families, identical twins had much more similar test scores than fraternal twins,who share only half of their genes.However,among2-year-olds from poorer families,identical twins scored no more similar to one another than did fraternal twins.The implication is that children’s genetic potential is subdued8by poverty, though the study stopped short of drawing a scientific conclusion as to what specifically was causing the achievement gaps.Researchers did postulate9that, generally speaking,poorer parents may not have the time or resources to spend playing with their children in stimulating ways.1.attainment/??te?nm?nt/n.达到；成就，造诣2.take root⽣根；开始；建⽴3.fraternal/fr??t??nl/adj.兄弟般的，亲如⼿⾜的4.identical/a??dent?kl/adj.同⼀的，完全相同的5.aptitude/??pt?tju?d/n.天资，天赋6.cognitive/?k?ɡn?t?v/adj.认知的，认识的7.disprove/d?s?pru?v/vt.证明……是错的8.subdue/s?b?dju?/vt.征服；抑制，克制9.postulate/?p?stj?le?t/v.假定，假设Passage8More Than Meets the Mirror：Illusion1Test Links Difficulty Sensing InternalCues2with Distorted3Body-Image(2011.1.4Scientific America)[457words]With all of the New Year’s diet ads claiming you canlose dozens of pounds in seemingly as many days,youprobably are not alone if you looked in the mirror thismorning and saw a less than ideal body.Or maybe you justpicked up a new magazine in which already thin modelshave their remaining flesh scavenged4by Photoshop to make them appear even slimmer.With all of these unrealistic promises and images,it can be hard to gain an accurate sense of one’s own body.But the disjunction5for some people might go deeper than manipulated5photos.A new study shows that the way people perceive their external7appearance is likely linked to how they experience their bodies internally.Researchers found that people who had greater difficulties sensing their own internal bodily states were also more likely to be fooled into believing a rubber hand was part of their own bodies. These results,published online in the issue of Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences,may one day help scientists understand how body image can become so distorted in disorders like body dysmorphia8and anorexia nervosa9,says lead author Manos Tsakiris of Royal Holloway,University of London.“The sense of self is built up from a representation of internal states,”says Hugo Critchley,a professor of psychiatry at the University of Sussex in England who was not involved with the study.“This paper is showing that sensitivity of individuals to their internal state predicts the strength of their self-representation.”Most of the time,the image someone has of their body is pretty close to its external appearance.You may see your thighs10as slightly bigger than they actually are,or your arm muscles as slightly smaller,but the discrepancy11is usually minimal12.In some mental disorders,however,body image can become dramatically distorted.Those who suffer from body dysmorphic disorder think that parts of their bodies are malformed13or grotesque14,even when these supposed flaws are not noticeable to others.In eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa patients continue to think they need to lose weight even as their bodies waste away.Crucial to the formation of body image—pathological15and otherwise—is the integration of external and internal cues.What we see in the mirror and what we feel against our skin melds with16our own internal awareness of our bodies to create an overarching17body image.Scientists have historically focused on how external factors like magazines and fashion models affect the creation of an accurate body image.Tsakiris and his colleagues,however,hypothesized that a person’s internal awareness of his or her body,known as interoceptive18awareness,was also related to the creation of an accurate body image.1.illusion/??ljun/n.错觉，幻觉；假象2.cue/kju?/n.提⽰；暗⽰,暗号3.distorted/d?s?t??t?d/adj.变形的，扭曲的；歪曲的，曲解的4.scavenge/?sk?v?n?/v.（从废弃物中）觅⾷，捡破烂；吃（动物⼫体）5.disjunction/d?sk??n/n.分离，分裂6.manipulate/m??n?pj?le?t/vt.控制，操纵；操作，使⽤；正⾻7.external/?k?st??nl/adj.外部的，外⾯的；外界的，外来的；对外的8.dysmorphia/d?s?m??f??/n.[医]畸形,变形9.anorexia nervosa神经性厌⾷症10.thigh /θa?/n.股，⼤腿11.discrepancy/d?s?krep?ns?/n.差异，不符合，不⼀致12.minimal/?m?n?m?l/adj.极⼩的，极少的，最⼩的13.malformed/?m?l?f??md/adj.畸形的14.grotesque/ɡrtesk/adj.怪诞的，荒唐的；奇形怪状的15.pathological/?p?θ??lkl/adj.不理智的，⽆道理的；病态的；病理学的16.meld with与……融合；与……合并17.overarching/v?r?ɑ?t/adj.⾮常重要的，⾸要的18.interoceptive /??nt?r?u?sept?v/adj.内感受(器)的Passage9The Tussle1for Talent（2011.1.6The Economist）[432words]Plato believed that men are divided into three classes:gold,silver and bronze.Vilfredo Pareto,an Italianeconomist,argued that“the vital2few”account for mostprogress.Such sentiments are taboo today in public life.Politicians talk of a“leadership class”or“the vital few”attheir peril3.Schools abhor4picking winners.Universities welcome the masses:more people now teach at British ones than attended them in the 1950s.In the private sector5things could hardly be more different.The world’s best companies struggle relentlessly6to find and keep the vital few.They offer them fat pay packets,extra training,powerful mentors7and more challenging assignments.If anything,businesses are becoming more obsessed with ability.This is partly cyclical8.Deloitte and other consultancies have noticed that as the economy begins to recover,companies are trying harder to nurture raw talent,or to poach9it from their rivals.When new opportunities arise,they hope to have the brainpower to seize them.The acceleration of the tussle for talent is also structural, however.Private-equity firms rely heavilyon a few stars.High-tech firms,for all their sartorial10egalitarianism11,are ruthless12about recruiting the brightest.Firms in emerging markets are desperate to find high-flyer13s—the younger the better—who can cope with rapid growth and fast-changing environments.Successful companies make sure that senior managers are involved with“talentdevelopment”.Jack Welch and /doc/2e5e0328482fb4daa58d4b15.html fley,former bosses of GE and P&G,claimed that they spent40%of their time on personnel.Andy Grove,who ran Intel,a chipmaker14,obliged all the senior people,including himself,to spend at least a week a year teaching high-flyers.Nitin Paranjpe,the boss of Hindustan Unilever,recruits people from campuses and regularly visits high-flyers in their offices.Involving the company’s top brass15in the process prevents lower-level managers from monopolising16high-flyers(and taking credit for their triumphs).It also creates a dialogue between established and future leaders.Successful companies also integrate talent development with their broader strategy.This ensures that companies are more than the sum of their parts.Adrian Dillon,a former chief financial officer of Agilent,a firm that makes high-tech measuring devices,says he would rather build a“repertory17company”than a “collection of world experts”.P&G likes its managers to be both innovative and worldly:they cannot rise to the top without running operations in a country and managing a product globally.Agilent and Novartis like to turn specialists into general managers.Goodyear replaced23of its24senior managers in two years as it shifted from selling tyres to carmakers to selling them to motorists.1.tussle/t?sl/n.扭打；争论；争⽃；奋⽃2.vita l/?va?tl/adj.⽣命的；充满活⼒的；⽣死攸关的；极其重要的3.peril/?per?l/n.严重危险；祸害，险情4.abhor/?b?h??/vt.痛恨，憎恶5.sector/?sekt?/n.[数]扇形；两脚规；部分；部门6.relentlessly/r??lentl?sl?/adv.残酷地，⽆情地；不停地，不减弱地7.mentor /?men?t??/n.私⼈教师，辅导教师；良师益友8.cyclical/?sa?kl?kl/adj.周期的，循环的9.poach/p??t?/vt.⽔煮；偷猎；盗⽤，挖⾛（⼈员）10.sartorial/sɑ??t??r??l/adj.服装的，男装的，⾐着的11.egalitarianism/??ɡ?l??te?r??n?z?m/n.平等主义，平均主义12.ruthless/?ru?θl?s/adj.⽆情的，冷酷的;残忍的13.high-flyer/?ha?fla??/n.抱负极⾼的⼈；有野⼼的⼈14.chipmaker/?t??p?me?k?/n.集成块制造者；半导体(元件)制造商15.top brass要员16.monopolise/m??n?p?la?z/vt.垄断，独占；占去（⼤部分时间、精⼒），霸占17.repertory/?rep?tr?/n.保留剧⽬轮演Passage10What Is a Medically Induced Coma1and Why Is It Used?（2011.1.10Scientific America）[497words]Basically what happens with a medically induced。

备战2024英语知识中考时文阅读练习神州十三号夜赴天河答案详解

备战2024英语知识中考时文阅读练习神州十三号夜赴天河答案详解题型：短文填空主题语境：现代技术语篇类型：记叙文词数：271难度：★★★★☆建议用时：8分钟阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个活当的词或括号内所给单词的正确形式。

On Oct. 16th,2021, China launched the Shenzhou XIII mission to the Tiangong space station early in the morning,marking the start of 1 longest spaceflight of China.About 9 hours after the launch. the three members—ZhaiZhigang, Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu—entered the station's core module(核心舱),named Tianhe. They started 2 (they) six- month journey inside the station from then on.The mother of a 5-year-old girl, Wang is China's 3 (two)female(女性的)astronaut to take part in a spaceflight. She 4 (take) part in the Shenzhou X mission in June 2013.In the Shenzhou XIII flight.she is the first Chinese woman to enter a space station and is also the first Chinese woman to carry out a spacewalk.A lot of tasks will be completed 5 the three astronauts, according to Pang Zhihao,a spaceflight researcher in Beijing.“They will carry out some tasks like testing the life-support systems and health management plans. They will also check 6 the core module and the Shenzhou spaceship can withstand(承受）abad environment during a long-term flight,"he said.“The mission is 7 (value) for China's science community because it allows the astronauts to carry out some large in-orbit(在轨的) experiments.”The researcher said that female astronauts 8 (actual) have many advantages over male astronauts. . “Women are usually more sensitive and careful in many 9 (way), and normally are better at communicating, which are useful in long-term flights. And a female astronaut usually 10 (bring) more joy to a difficult mission,”Pang said, noting he looks forward to Wang's success.1._________2._________3._________4._________5._________6.______ ___7._________8._________9._________ 10._________【译文】2021年10月16日凌晨，中国发射了“神舟”十三号载人飞船，它的任务是前往“天宫”空间站，这标志着中国历时最长的太空飞行的开始。

考研英语阅读理解精读100篇-UNIT 13

UNIT THIRTEENTEXT ONEOn Tuesday afternoon, as news about the Virginia Tech murders filtered out, the staff of a hamburger restaurant in downtown Austin gathered in front of a television suspended over the bar. A boyish-looking waiter speculated that if the gunman had really used a 9mm handgun, he must have had an accomplice. That handgun can hold a fair number of bullets, he said, but the gunman would have had to stop to reload.It is not unusual for a Texan to be casually conversant about firearms. A state resident does not need a permit to buy a gun and guns do not have to be registered. Police are, as a result, not sure how many guns there are in the state. But the number is substantial. In a 2001 poll by the Behavioural Risk Factor Surveillance Survey, 36% of respondents said that their household had at least one.The state's gun laws are lax, and becoming more so all the time. In March Governor Rick Perry signed a bill into law that gives increased discretion to open fire. Previously, Texans were justi fied in killing someone only if “a reasonable person in the actor's situation would not have retreated”. The new law, which takes effect in September, eliminates the need for escape attempts. It assumes that the otherwiselaw-abiding citizen had a good reason for standing their ground. It also gives shooters immunity from civil suits.The law has plenty of critics. Law-enforcement officials say the duty to retreat saves lives because it discourages people from escalating conflicts. The new law seems to protect hysterical trigger-fingers who feel themselves genuinely threatened when no real threat exists. The law was probably not necessary anyway. There is no carjacking crisis in the state. And juries have never been sticklers about the duty to retreat. There is widespread sympathy for the idea that, as Oliver Wendell Holmes put it in 1921, “Detached reflection cannot be demanded in the presence of an uplifted knife.”Still, the bill flew through the legislature with broad support. In a way, it simply marks a return to form for the state. Texas did not acknowledge a duty to retreat until 1973. And Texas is just the 16th state to pass such legislation since Florida did so in 2005. Florida's law goes even further, as it presumes that any cat burglar has murderous intent.Texans largely support gun ownership, despite the fact that the state has experienced mass murders of its own. In 1966 Charles Whitman, a student at the University of Texas at Austin, shot almost 50 passers-by from the top of the campus clock-tower. Sixteen died. And in 1991 George Hennard drove his truck into arestaurant in the small town of Killeen, where he killed 23 patrons before killing himself. Before this week, those episodes were, respectively, the deadliest campus shooting and the worst mass shooting in America's history.1. The waiter speculated that the murderer must have had an accomplice because_____[A] the murderer was too young to commit such a serious murder by himself.[B] the murderer need an aid to reload bullets for him.[C] the murderer need someone to carry the weapon for him.[D] the murderer was instigated by some behind the curtain.2. Which one of the following statements is TRUE of the bill signed by the governer?[A] The bill could better safeguard the law-abiding citizen.[B] The bill will encourage people to use guns more frequently.[C] The bill will make the gun laws of Texas more lax.[D] The bill will prevent gun owners from all civil suits.3.Towards the new gun law of Texas, the law-enforcement officials’ at titude can be said to be_____ [A] supportive.[B] opposing.[C] indifferent.[D] unclear.4. The idea conveyed by Oliver Wendell Holmes’ statement is _____[A] that people will naturally resist when feeling threatened.[B] that people will need to protect themselves when facing crisis.[C] that people naturally feel threatened even there is no real danger.[D] that people will retreat when founding the danger.5. Which one of the following is TRUE of Texa’s law?[A] Texas is the 16th state to pass the duty to retreat through the legislature.[B] Texas’ new law won broad support from gun owners.[C] Florida’s law goes too far away when compared with the new law of Texas.[D]The new law was passed quite smoothly.文章剖析：这篇文章讲述了德克萨斯州的枪支法律。

考研英语时文30篇及复习技巧

：完型填空的基本思路完型填空的全名叫做英语知识与运用，它的主要考点是词汇和逻辑思维，对于考生来说，这个题型不得不做的准备就是要背一些同义词，关于同义词，我会在下面的讲解里和大家说明辨析的四个模式。

可是，要获取比较好的分数，还是要努力背些词，不过这并不是说，考研完型填空就完全靠词汇解决，下面的思路，也是考生解决问题的关键。

1. 明确完型填空阅读方式: 段落对照法读文章的时候必须先细读首句，第一句话必须注意以下部分：主题，表示逻辑关系的词，作者态度。

比如many表示作者对于这句话内容持负评价，这是因为，研究生考试为了表示自己的独特和性格，对于大多数人的说法一般持负评价，因此，此文的态度结构就是先负，后面很可能会提出作者自己的说法，因此谈到其他人的理论的选项，都优先选负面的选项。

其次，要从第一句话读出主题词，这包含重要的信息，决定了整篇文章方向。

第三，逻辑连词必须重视，这个在下文很可能重复出现，具有明显的预测和指导作用。

比如首段的明显的连词是either 和or。

因此我们可以预见，下文的主要关系，就是并列关系。

第四，阅读模式的问题，填空的阅读模式切忌先通读全文，也不能看一个选一个。

理由如下：通读全文，会非常的浪费时间，而考场上对于时间的把握是最重要的，更重要的是，读完全文再回去从头做起，开头获得的信息已经模糊，最清晰的是最后的信息。

而且，从填空的对应选项来说，需要读完全文才可以做对的选项并不多，大多数是一个长句的内容就可以相互印证而得到解决，还有很多的就是开头句的重现。

因此读完全文再做题是不对地。

同上，看一个选一个也是不理性的，因为单个的选项不一定可以准确的定位。

因此，我们提倡：精读首句，以长句或组句为单位，文章和选项对照分段阅读。

2. 明确三个主要概念：逻辑关系，态度，主题逻辑关系是研究生考试的特点，对于完型填空，最为常见的就是并列，因果，转折。

尤其是并列关系，我们在下面的讲解里要重点提及。

每年的填空考试里面都有大量的虚词题，比如连词和介词，都要占到6题以上，解决这个问题，我们可以很容易的获取3分。

新世纪研究生公共英语教材阅读 A Unit 13

II. Learning the Language (Paras.3-5)
i. To make much more sense of our interaction ii. To help your own self-image iii. To gain mastery and confidence over the environment, to spot when others are being threatening or belittling, and take countermeasures.
V. Minding Your Language (Para. 8)
VI. Lies and Body Language (Para. 9)
People signal feeling and intent in body language.
A whole new world opens up if you’re aware of contradictory signals.
1. People usually tip _____. a) movie ushers b) taxi drivers c) teachers 2. Brunch is a combination of breakfast and lunch. Americans usually eat brunch on _____. a) Sunday b) Tuesday c) Friday 3. At the movies people often eat _____. a) popcorn b) grapes c) nuts 4. In restaurants we usually leave a _____. a) 25—35% tip b) 10—20% tip c) 40—50% tip 5. English muffins, French toast an Danish pastry are ______. a) Rock groups from Europe b) Popular foods c) Dances from Europe 6. Many people think the number thirteen brings _____. a) happiness b) money c) bad luck 7. A spelling bee is _____. a) a flying insect b) a spelling contest c) a speeding car 8. The check room in a restaurant is the place to _____. a) pay for your meal b) leave your coat c) wash your hands 9. At 7 P.M. and 11 P.M. many people watch _____. a) quiz shows b) cartoons c) the news 10. There are no TV advertisements for _____. a) Cigarettes b) toys c) shampoo

Unit 13研究生英语听力原文

Unit 13 Marketing StrategiesSection TelemarketingDirections:Listen to a telephone call from a telemarketer. As you listen choose the best answer for each question.Man: Hello. Telemarketer: Good evening, Sir. Is this Mr. Charles Philips?Man: Yes, it is.Telemarketer: Well, Mr. Phillips. This evening, I'm calling to offer you a special discount on ...Man: Ah, no, let me guess. You want to sell a subscription to the newspaper or a great deal on airfare to Hawaii, right? [Well, . . . ]. Or, you want to offer me an unbelievable bargain on flamenco dance lessons.Telemarketer: No, no, actually…Mr. Jones. [Huh?] Oh, sorry. That was the last guy. [Ah, great.] Uh, we want to offer you a free trial membership to our sports club downtown at the introductory price of $39.95Man: Thirty-nine ninety-five?'? I thought you said free! Uh, listen. I'm not interested. Telemarketer: Well, it includes unlimited access to all our facilities, including the gym, weight room, racketball courts, and swimming pool.Man: Again, I'm not interested. I have my own fitness program I do around the house Telemarketer: anyway. Well, this is a once-in-a-lifetime deal.Man: Nah. Like I said, I'll pass this time. And please put me on your "don't call" list. Telemarketer: Okay. It'll take between four and six months before your name will be removed from our database. [Months?!?] You might be called by another representative during that time.Man: Ah, man. Ah, greatTelemarketer: Have a nice evening, Mr. Williams.Man: Ah. man.Section B Describing New ProductsDirections:Listen to sales representatives describing new products. Are these products selling well? Complete the chart below.Salesperson 1OK, our new subzero sleeping bag here has a patented design, and it has revolutionary filling. We've had it tested by hikers and campers in subzero temperatures. And they're not only happy with the warmth, but they're also very pleased with how light it is. Now, our bags also take up less room than the bulkier, heavier sleeping bags you're used to, so campers don't have to sacrifice any of their equipment. We found that people who are new to hiking didn't like the term "subzero" because the idea of being outdoors when it's that cold is not very appealing. So, now we just emphasize how warm and lightweight it is, and it's selling better than any other sleeping bag!Salesperson 2You know, I first thought that this compact, portable electronic dictionary was going to sell really well—especially with the back-to-school market. You know, all school kids need to check a dictionary, right? Well, it Just doesn't seem to be taking off. I'm finding out that more and more kids these days have computers. And you know that computers have software with dictionaries, and most word-processing programs have spell check. Then I thought, "OK, there are still people who like to write the old-fashioned way, with pen and paper." Well, a number of those people have told me that they still like the old-fashioned dictionaries, too.Salesperson 3We sell this really neat remote-control device that sends out a signal to start your car. It even lets you heat it up before you have to go out. That's a really great feature in the winter. So often, you know, people complain about how long it takes to warm up the car. People hate being cold . . . and they hate having to wait even more! This gizmo sells really well during the winter holidays.Section C QuestionnaireDirections: Listen to a dialogue between a market researcher and a consumer. As you listen, complete the form with the information you hear.Woman: Yes?Man: Oh, good morning, Madam. I'm from Pestaway Market Research. I'm doingconsumer research in this area. I wonder if you'd mind telling me—do you use Pestaway in your home?Woman: Pestaway? Oh—the insecticide thing. Well, yes, as a matter of fact, I do,Man: What do you use it for. Madam? Fleas, ants, cockroaches, woodworm?Woman: Oh, cockroaches. This is an old house, you see, and we often get cockroaches in the kitchen. I tried scrubbing and disinfecting but it didn't seem to be much good, and then 1 heard a commercial about Pestaway, so I thought I'd try that.Man: Was that on 'IV?Woman: No, it was radio—one of those early morning shows.Man: You heard it advertised on the radio. Fine. And you say you use it in the kitchen. Do you use it anywhere else in the house? In the bathroom, say?Woman: Oh, no we've never had any trouble anywhere else. We get the odd wasp in the summer sometimes, but I don't bother about them. It's the cockroaches I don't like—nasty, creepy-crawly things.Man: And you find Pestaway does the trick?Woman: Well, yes, it's quite good. It gets rid of most of them. Man: How long have you been using it, Madam?Man: Every six weeks or so. I see. Where do you buy your Pestaway, Madam?Supermarket? Chemist?Woman: Oh, no. I get it at the litde shop at the end of this street. They stock practically everything. It means taking a bus if I want to go to the supermarket.Man: Well, thank you very much. Madam. Oh, could I have your name please? Woman: Mrs. Egcrton—Mary Egerton—that's E-G-E-R-T-0-N.Man: E-G-E-R-T-0-N. And the address is 12, Holly Crescent, Peterford?Woman: That's right.Man: Might I ask your age. Madam?Woman: Oh—well—er—just put down I'm over fifty.Man: As you like, Mrs. Egerton. And occupation—housewife?Woman: Well, I used to be a telephonist before I married. I had a very good job with the Post Office, but what with a husband to look after and four children to bring up, itdoesn't leave you much time, does it?Man: Occupation—"housewife". Well, thank you very much for your time, Madam. You've been most helpful.Part III Listening Comprehension TestDirections:In this section, you will hear two talks. Complete the sentences and answer the questions below. You will hear each talk twice. At the end of each talk therewill be a 3-minute pause, during which time you are asked to write down youranswers briefly. You now have 25 seconds to read the questions or sentencesbelow.Talk OnePackaging is an important form of advertising. A package can sometimes motivate someone to buy a product. For example, a small child might ask for a breakfast food that comes in a box with a picture of a TV character. The child is more interested in the picture than in the breakfast food. Pictures for children to color or cut out, games printed on a package, or small gifts inside a box also motivate many children to buy products—or to ask their parents for them.Some packages suggest that a buyer will get something for nothing. Food products sold in reusable containers are examples of this. Although a similar product in a plain container might cost less, people often prefer to buy the product in a reusable glass or dish, because they believe the container is free. However, the cost of the container is added to the cost of the product.The size of a package also motivates a buyer. Maybe the package has "Economy Size" or "Family Size" printed on it. This suggests that the large size has the most product for the least money. But that is not always true. To find out, a buyer has to know how the product is sold and the price of the basic unit.The information on the package should provide some answers. But the important thing for any buyer to remember is that a package is often an advertisement. The words and pictures do not tell the whole story. Only the product inside can do that.Question 1. According to the passage, what is the meaning of the word "motivate"? Question 2. What does 'A buyer will get something for nothing" most probably mean? Question 3. Why do people prefer to buy the product in a reusable glass or dish?Talk TwoMarshall Field's, a department store in Chicago, has long used the motto: "Give the lady what she wants." Finding out what the customer wants is one of the problems marketing research tries to solve. Marketing research has been defined as trying to analyze marketing problems scientifically. It studies people as buyers and sellers, examining their habits, attitudes, preferences, dislikes, and purchasing power. It often studies specific groups of people, such as teenagers, high-income groups, or senior citizens.Marketing research is divided into a number of sub-areas. Advertising research attempts to find out the effectiveness of advertising. It also seeks to learn the best media for advertising specific products: television, newspapers, radio, magazines, billboards, and others. Market analysis tries to identify and measure markets for specific products and to estimate sales potential. Markets may be differentiated by population groups or by geography. Some types of clothing are more likely to sell in Florida and California than in the northern Midwest. Some cosmetics will appeal more to black customers than to white customers. Performance analysis helps a company learn how well it is meeting its goals of sales and profits. Product research covers the whole area of new product development.Marketing research is an expensive undertaking, and its costs are built into the prices of products.Unit 14 About HealthSection A Talking about SymptomsDirections: Listen to the conversations. Check off all the symptoms you hear. You may hear more than one symptom for each.Conversation 1Miyoko: Hi, Wendy!Wendy: Hello.Miyoko: What's wrong? Are you sick?Wendy: Yeah. I have a really bad headache.Miyoko: Oh. I'm sorry- You want some aspirin?Wendy: No thanks. I'm just gonna go to bed and rest.Conversation 2Lisa: Hey girl. What's up?Leslie: Not much. What about you?Lisa: Nuthin' special. Hey, are you okay?Leslie: Yeah. I guess I'm Just really sore from going to the climbing gym yesterday. Lisa: Me, too' 1 guess we overdid it. My back is sore, and 1 have a stiff neck.Leslie: Next time, we'd better stretch after we exercise!Lisa: Yes! Good idea.Conversation 3Professor Chavez: Hi, Tony. How are you?Tony: Not so good, Professor Chavez. I think I'm coming down with a bad cold.Professor Chavez: Really? What's wrong?Tony: Well, I have a stuffy nose and a cough.Professor Chavez: Do you have a fever? You look a little warm.Tony: Maybe. I feel kinda hot.Professor Chavez: Tony, you should go home and go to bed- You might have the flu that's been going around.Tony: OK. That sounds like a good idea.Professor Chavez: Remember to drink lots of juice and get lots of rest. I hope you feel better soon!Conversation 4Stephanie: Hello?Mom: Stephanie, it's Mom.Stephanie: Hi, Mom.Mom: I just called to. see how you were feeling.Stephanie: Thanks, Mom. Actually, I still have a fever.Mom: Did you take some medicine?Stephanie: Yeah. It's helping.Mom: What about your stomach? Is it still bothering you?Stephanie: Yeah-1 still feel sick to my stomach.Mom; Oh honey, I'm sorry. Is there anything I can do?Stephanie: No thanks, Mom. I feel better just talking to you.Conversation 5Brian: Erica, I found that report we were looking for.Erica: Great! Let's take a look at it. Brian: Achoooo!Erica: Oh, Brian, are you still not feeling well?Brian: Yeah. This morning I felt better, but now my head hurts.Erica: Are you getting enough sleep?Brian: 1 slept a lot last night, but I still feel tired.Erica: Listen,Brian. I can handle things here today. Why don't you go home and rest? We can finish this project tomorrow. There's no hurry.Brian: Thanks, Erica. I might just do that.Conversation 6Doug; Jenny, wait up!Jenny: Doug! I'm glad to see you. 1 wanted to tell you how much fun I had last weekend. Doug: Yeah. We enjoyed it too. We always enjoy hiking in the mountains. Unfortunately, Mary and I are both scratching like crazy.Jenny; Oh no. Poison oak?Doug: I'm afraid so. We both have a rash on our legs.Jenny: Oh, Doug. That's too bad. Doug: Yeah. We feel really itchy.Jenny: Oh no. we had such a nice day together'Doug: Yeah. We had a good time, too. Next time we'll be more careful-Section B Talking to a DoctorDirections:Listen to a conversation between a doctor and a student. First check off the health problem you hear. Then write down the three things the doctor advisesthe student to do. Write complete sentences.Part 1Doctor: Hello, MicheUe. I'm Dr. Benson.MicheUe: Hi.Doctor: How are you feeling today?Michelle: Not so good.Doctor: Well, what seems to be the problem?Michelle; I have a bad cold.Doctor: I can hear that. How long have you had it?Michelle: About three weeks- Every time I think it's going away, I get sick again. Doctor: OK, Michelle. I'm going to examine you now.Part 2Doctor: Michelle, we didn't find an infection. That's good. That means that you only have a bad cold. That means that you don't need to take any medicine. But Iknow that you don't feel very well. I want to ask you some questions, all right? MicheUe: OK.Doctor: Has school been very difficult lately?Michelle: Well . . . not really. I've been drinking a lot of coffee to stay up late to study. Doctor: What about exercise? Have you been able to get any exercise during midterm exam?Michelle: No. I've been studying so much I haven't had time.Doctor: Well, Michelte. It sounds to me as though you've been studying so much that you haven't given your body a chance to get better. When you're sick, you needto pay attention to your body. I'm going to give some advice. If you follow myadvice, you'll start to feel better soon. OK?Michelle; OK.Doctor: Well, first, you must sleep more. You need to get at least seven or eight hours ofsleep every night. You cannot study well if you don't get enough sleep –Michelle: I know.Doctor: Next, you have to eat better. Your body cannot work well if you don't give it good food. Try to eat more vegetables and fruits. And limit your coffee to twocups a day.Michelle: OK.Doctor: Finally, you should exercise more. Try to exercise at least three times per week.It doesn't have to be running or aerobics. Walking is an excellent exercise and iseasy to do. Michelle: All right.Doctor: Any questions?Michelle: So you think I should sleep more, eat better, and exercise more. If I do those things, I'll feel better?Doctor: And you won't get sick as often, Michelle.Michelle: Thanks a lot. Doctor.Doctor: You're very welcome, Michelle. Take care.Section C Exercise Information LineDirections: You will hear a short lecture on why people don't exercise. It is from a health telephone information line. Listen carefully for sequence words and phrases tounderstand the lecture. Write down the five reasons why people do not exercise. Healthphone Topic 364: ExerciseMost people know that exercise is important. But many people don't exercise. In this announcement you will hear the five most common reasons why people don't exercise. You will also hear some easy solutions.The first problem? No time. "I don't have any time to exercise. I'm too busy." But you don't need a lot of time to exercise. Short periods of exercise are just as good as long periods of exercise. The solution? You should take two or three short walks every day. For example, ten minutes in the morning, ten minutes at lunch, and ten minutes after dinner.Next, money. "I don't have money to go to a gym. 1 don't have money to buy expensive shoes." No problem. You don't have to spend money to exercise. All you need is a street and comfortable clothes. Our solution? Walk. Don't drive. For instance, walk to thestore, to the library, to the bank. Walking is free and easy.The third most common reason is bad weather. "It's raining. It's too hot. It's snowing." Here's a solution. Exercise inside. For example, turn on some music. Dance. Or clean the house. You can go to the shopping mall and walk fast.Fourth, people say they're tired. "I'm too tired to exercise. I'll exercise when I have more energy." But exercise gives you energy. Most people feel too tired because they don't exercise. The solution? Exercise every day. Take a walk. Go for a bike ride. Run around the block. You'll feel great! And you won't feel tired.Finally, some people feel embarrassed. "I feel silly exercising. I don't have a great body." Listen to this solution: Don't feel bad; you should feel great! You're taking care of your body. Little by little, you will feel better. Just do it!You have heard the five reasons why people don't exercise. More importantly, you have heard five solutions to overcome these problems. Now that you have heard this message, go out and exercise! Good luck.Part III Listening Comprehension TestDirections: In this section, you will hear a short lecture about ways to stay healthy. Take notes while you listen. You will hear the lecture read to you twice. At the end ofthe lecture there will be a 3-minute pause, during which time you are asked towrite down your answers briefly.This lecture will give you advice on how to stay healthy. It will cover ten ways to stay healthy.First, exercise every day. Exercise will help you to maintain your weight. It will also help you to prevent health problems such as cancer and heart disease. Finally, exercise makes you feel good! So get a little exercise every day.Second, get enough sleep. Most people don't get enough sleep. But sleep helps you to think clearly and do good work. Your body needs to rest. Then you have energy to do you best. So try to sleep at least seven or eight hours every night.Third, eat green things. All green food is good for you. For example, spinach, broccoli, green beans, artichokes, kale, cabbage, green apples, and grapes. Fruits and vegetables arevery important to your health. So eat some green things today'Fourth, don't smoke. Smoking causes cancer and other diseases. It can hurt your friends and family when you smoke. It costs a lot of money. So don't smoke.Fifth, don't drink a lot of alcohol. Alcohol can cause a lot of problems. Many car accidents are caused by alcohol. Alcohol can make you overweight. So drink a little if you like, but don't drink a lot.Sixth, wear a seat belt. Many people are injured or killed because they aren't wearing a seat belt. Don't drive with anyone who is not wearing a seal belt. And make sure your passengers are all wearing a seat belt before you drive. Buckle up!Seventh, drink lots of water. Everyone should drink 6~8 glasses of water every day. Your body needs water to work well. Water also has no calories. People who drink a lot of water don't feel as hungry. So drink up!Eighth, visit your doctor for regular checkups. During a checkup your doctor can give you tests and check your health. Many serious health problems are found during a regular checkup. So don't go to the doctor only when you are sick. See the doctor once a year for a checkup.Ninth, reduce stress- Stress causes many serious health problems. It affects your personal and professional lives. Try to have less stress in your life. Relax more! Stress less.Tenth, spend time with friends and family. We all need to enjoy our life with others. Your friends and family will make you feel good. If you feel good, you will stay healthy! So make time for your loved ones.。

2013考研阅读英语

2013考研阅读英语在2013年的考研英语阅读部分，考生们面临着一系列挑战，这些挑战不仅考验了他们的语言能力，还考验了他们对文章结构和内容的理解。

这一年的阅读材料涵盖了广泛的主题，包括科技、文化、教育和环境等，要求考生具备较高的词汇量和快速阅读的能力。

文章的结构通常遵循传统的段落划分，每个段落都围绕着一个中心思想展开。

考生需要在有限的时间内，快速识别出每个段落的主旨，并理解作者的观点和论据。

此外，文章中常常包含一些复杂的句型和长难句，这要求考生具备较强的语法分析能力。

在阅读过程中，考生需要留意文章中的关键词和短语，这些往往是理解文章和回答问题的关键。

同时，考生还需要关注文章中的逻辑关系，如因果、转折、对比等，这些关系有助于考生把握文章的整体结构和作者的意图。

对于阅读理解部分，考生需要掌握一定的解题技巧。

例如，通过快速浏览文章的首尾段落，可以迅速把握文章的主旨大意。

在回答问题时，考生应仔细阅读问题，理解问题的意图，并在文章中寻找相应的信息点。

有时，问题的答案可能直接在文章中给出，而有时则需要考生进行推理和判断。

2013年的考研英语阅读部分也强调了对细节的考察。

考生需要在阅读时留意文章中的具体数据、例子和引用，这些细节信息往往是回答问题的关键。

同时，考生还需要具备一定的推理能力，能够根据文章提供的信息，推断出作者未明确表述的观点或结论。

总的来说，2013年的考研英语阅读部分要求考生具备全面的阅读技能，包括快速阅读、理解主旨、分析细节和推理判断等。

通过有效的阅读策略和解题技巧，考生可以在这一部分取得优异的成绩。

美英报刊阅读教程Lesson13课文

美英报刊阅读教程Lesson13课文Lesson 13 Ban Sparks Smoking WarSleepers are mad at bar patrons, and owners are mad at city By Charisse Jones1. NEW YORK-David Rabin doesn’t do cigarettes. In fact, he can’t stand smoke.2. But the co-owner of Lotus, one of the hottest night spots in Manhattan[1], says he now spends a good part of his time fighting a law that prohibits lighting up in bars and pushes smokers onto the street.3. “This is supposed to be the city that never sleeps,” says Rabin, 42. “It’s now the city that never sleeps because smokers are huddled beneath a four-story walk-up talking. Where else are they going to go?”4. New York City is still coming to terms with smoke-free night life[2] three months after a ban took effect outlawing smoking in nearly all work-places, including restaurants and bars.5. Five states—New York, Connecticut, Delaware, Maine and California—have passed similar smoking restrictions that include bars and taverns. Ne w York State’ s ban, which echoes the city’ s anti-smoking law, goes into effect July 24.6. Just last week, Maine’s governor signed into law a ban on smoking in taverns, pool halls, lounges and some off-track betting[3] sites that goes into effect Jan. 1. Smoking is already outlawed in restaurants. On May 23, Connecticut’s governor signed a m easure that will prohibit smoking in cafes, taverns, restaurants and public facilities by April 2004.7. On Tuesday, Florida began a smoking ban that’s slightly less restrictive. It bans smoking in all enclosed workplaces,including restaurants and bars where food sales make up at least 10% of their business.Business is off8. New York City’s law has sparked a million “butts” jokes in the tabloids and turned celebrities such as Britney Spears into alleged scofflaws for illegally puffing away.[4] And it has stirred fear and loathing among some residents and businesses that say customers don’t want to drink and nosh where they can’ t light up.9. One New York City councilman recently called on the city and state to consider amending the anti-smoking laws—a move other city officials say is unlikely. Owners and managers of cafes and bars from Queens[5] to Manhattan say that business is off as much as 40% and that they have been forced to lay off employees. Some community representatives say noise complaints have risen since pub denizens began lighting up on the sidewalk.10. “If what I’m hearing is correct, this is having a devastating effect on the city’s economic recovery,[6]” says Queens councilman Tony Avella, who says he reluctantly voted for the ban but thinks the council should revisit the issue[7].11. His office is receiving a dozen complaints a week about litter, noise and occasional rights among smokers outside nei ghborhood bars. “We need to find out if there’s a way to preserve public health and allow people to drink and smoke at the same time,” he says.12. Those who have studied the impact of anti-smoking measures say such laws protect the health of bartenders, waitresses and patrons and also bring in customers who were reluctant to socialize where smoking was allowed.[8]13. “What the data show is that no smoke-free air acts haveever hurt business,” says Tom Frieden, New York City’ s health commissioner. He says four out of five New Yorkers do not smoke.14. In a city of apartment dwellers, where people live above restaurants and pubs, some say long-standing tensions between businesses and residents have only risen since smokers were forced to congregate outside.15. “We have found that our number of complaints have increased regarding noise on the st reet, particularly when it conies to smokers,” says Kyle Merker, chairman of one of Manhattan’s community boards. “Realistically, are they going to repeal the law? N o. But maybe we can refine it.”Earlier closing time?16. Some club owners fear that anger about the excessive noise could make it harder for businesses to get liquor licenses, or it may lead to forcing businesses to close at 2 a.m. rather than 4, which Rabin fears would make New York no different than other cities.17. “This has brought about a civil war between night life and residents, both of whom have a legitimate right to exist,”[9] says Rabin, president of the New York Nightlife Association.18. Ciar an Staunton, owner of O’Neill’s in Manhattan, says business is off 20% as former patrons head home to Connecticut or New Jersey, where they can still smoke in a bar.19. I’ve met some of my patrons coming out of liquor stores with six-packs[10] saying, “We’re going to drink where we can smoke,” he says. “The original legislation was put in to he lp employees, to provide them with clean air…. Well, we’ve laid off three employees because of the smoking ban.”20. Others note that the sour economy could be one reason some bars and restaurants may be struggling.21. “These ordinances don’t have any eff ect on the hospitality business[11], and in the long term are very positive because they expand the market,” says Stanton Glantz of the University of California San Francisco, who has studied the economic impact of smoking bans.22. On the streets of the c ity, feelings about the smoking ban are mixed, but many say there’ s no more noise than before. And they appreciate the smoke-free air inside bars.23. “The noise is relatively low, and I only mind it when I’ m trying to go to sleep because of work in the morning,” says Tracy Wallach, 20, who lives next to The Coffee Shop bar and restaurant in Union Square.24. Even some bar managers have made their peace.[12]25. “The first few weeks, (fewer) people came in,” says Barry Brodsky, manager of Bar None in the East Village, “ Then they gave in.”From USA Today, June 3, 2003。

研究生英语阅读教程基础级第二版lesson13课后习题答案

ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
9. Before there was enough evidence, Chairman would not speak out his opinion on this problem. commit Chairman refused to ________ himself on the controversial subject before making due investigations. 10.People may regard what the kids said too childish, but I think there is something to it. I think there is something reasonable in those kids’ infantile _________ remarks.
Use What You Already Know Most people think they have a vocabulary and that is either weak or strong, good or bad. Actually, you have four different vocabulary levels—for reading, writing, listening, and speaking. Most likely your listening and reading vocabularies are larger than your speaking and writing vocabularies. In other words, you already know a large number of words that you are not using. A good place to start, then, in strengthening your vocabulary, is to experiment with words you already know but do not use. Make a point of using one of these words each day, in both speaking and writing.

2013年考研阅读文章T3精读——解析版

2013年考研阅读文章T3精读——解析版老周的考研| 考研真题精读1/ 42013年考研阅读文章精读——解析版Text 3①Up until a few decades ago, our visions of the future were largely —though by no means uniformly —glowingly positive.②Science and technology would cure all the ills of humanity, leading to lives of fulfillment and opportunity for all.*Up until a few decades ago 直到数十年前*our visions of the future 我们对于未来的愿景*though by no means uniformly 尽管意见并不一致* glowingly positive 非常乐观glowing 热烈赞扬的；热情洋溢的The media has been speaking in glowing terms of the relationship between the two countries...媒体一直盛赞两国关系。

*lives of fulfillment and opportunity 充满成就感和机遇的生活fulfilment 满足感;成就感①Now utopia has grown unfashionable, as we have gaineda deeper appreciation of the range of threats facing us,from asteroid strike to epidemic flu and to climate change.②You might even be tempted to assume that humanity has little future to look forward to.*unfashionable 不流行的；过时的* gain a deeper appreciation ofsth 更深入了解某事They havegained a stronger appreciation of the importance of economic incentives.他们对经济激励的重要性有了更深的理解。