(0846)《英语写作》网上作业题及答案

[0846]《英语写作》

第一次作业

[论述题]

Define the following writing terms

1 Outline

2 Thesis sentence

3 Narration 4Description

参考答案：

1.

a general explanation or description of the content of a discourse; the details being omitted. Roughly speaking, there are three types of outlines: the topic, the sentence and the paragraph outlines. All entries in a topic outline are nouns, noun phrases, gerund phrases or infinitive phrases. All entries in a sentence outline, however, are complete sentences. These two types must not be mixed. A paragraph outline provides something like the topic sentences of the paragraphs of the discourse. A few rules must be observed when one writes an outline. (1) The thesis must be a complete declarative sentence. It is general and objective.

(2) Do not use single subdivisions. If "I” appears, "II” or "III” must also appear. If there is an "A,” there must be a "B” at least. (3) Do not mix a topic outline with a sentence outline. (4) A formal outline follows a strict parallelism. The following is the skeleton of a possible sample outline.

Thesis statement: (a sentence stating the controlling idea of the discourse)

I. Introduction

II. Main idea

Sub-idea

Sub-idea

Supporting detail

Supporting detail

Fact 1

Fact 2

III. Main idea

Sub-idea

Sub-idea

Supporting detail

Supporting detail

Supporting detail

Sub-idea

IV. Conclusion

2. the sentence that states the main thought of the whole essay

3. one of the four major types of writing, the other three being description, exposition, and argumentation. Narrative writing gives an account of events or experiences in chronological order; that is, in the order in which they occurred. A writer can also use the flashback method of

story-telling, starting with an important point in the sequence of events to be narrated and then going back in time. A story can be narrated from the first person point of view or from the third person point of view. Two kinds of narration are discriminated: the straight or simple narrative and the plot narrative. The former records a series of events without introducing complications and solutions. The latter makes use of suspense and climax, stresses cause and effect, and is usually fictional. In its broad sense, narrative writing includes stories, biographies, histories, news items, and narrative poems. Narration does not work alone. It goes hand in hand with description.

4. one of the four major forms or types of discourse. It means painting in words a picture of a person, place, object, scene or setting. It enables the reader to see, hear, taste or feel in imagination. Description is seldom used for its sake. It goes hand in hand with narration, exposition or even argumentation. While narration follows time order, description makes use of space order. Scientific description is objective while literary description is impressionistic, and journalistic description is a combination of the two. In literary description, figurative language abounds. Metaphor, simile and personification are the most commonly used figures of speech.

第二次作业

[论述题]

Define the following writing terms

1 Exposition 2Argumentation

3 Style 4Induction

参考答案：

1 one of the four major types of writing. Its function is to explain, explore or expound. Ways of development used in expository compositions include: definition, illustration, comparison, contrast, classification, analysis, cause and effect, and generalization.

2 one of the four main types of writing, the other three being narration, description, and exposition. An argumentative essay aims to convince or persuade the reader that something is true or false.

3 the distinctive and unique manner of expression in prose or verse. It is a writer's characteristic manner of arranging words to achieve certain effects. "Style is,” in the words o f the French naturalist and critic Buffon, "the man himself.” A twentieth century American poet Robert Frost said, "I am not satisfied to let it go with the aphorism that style is the man…Rather, his style is the way he carries himself toward his ideas and deeds”

4 The term is employed to refer to one of the two basic kinds of reasoning in argumentation, the other being deduction. Induction is a process of logical reasoning which moves from the specific to the general, while deduction begins with the general and ends with the specific.