经济学原理I(10秋季期中1)

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经济学原理I(10秋季期中1)

经济学原理I(10秋季期中1)

经济学原理I (2010年秋季学期)期中考试1(A 卷答案)(2010/11/3)注意:请将所有题目的答案写在答题册上,写在本试题纸上一律无效。

一、判断题(判断并简要说明理由,必要时可以用图形。

每题4分,共20分)1. 假设你捡到了20美元,并选择用它购买一本小说。

则你购买这本小说的机会成本是零。

错误。

你购买小说的机会成本是用这20美元购买其他物品或服务带给你的好处(可能大于或等于20美元。

(注:答20美元也算对)2. 电脑行业的技术进步只能使得经济中的电脑产量增加,而经济中其它产品的数量不会增加。

错误。

电脑行业的技术进步使得整个社会的生产可能性边界外移(如图)。

一般来说,这会使得社会可以生产的其他产品的数量也增加(如图中A 到A’点)。

直观来说,由于技术进步,当社会在既定的生产要素配置下可以生产更多电脑和同样多的其他产品时(图中B 点),通过生产要素重新配置也可以同时生产更多的两种产品(图中B 到A’点)。

3. An increase in the demand for notebooks raises the quantity of notebooks demanded but notthe quantity supplied.False. The increase in demand for notebooks results in an increased quantity supplied, in general. The reason is that demand increase will raise the price (to eliminate the shortage it causes), which in turn increases the quantity supplied. The only way the statement would be true is if the supply is perfectly inelastic.4. If more Americans go on a low-carb diet, the demand for bread will fall. The decrease in thedemand for bread will cause the price of bread to fall. The lower price, however, will then increase the demand. In the new equilibrium, Americans might end up consuming more bread than they did initially. (DO use a diagram to illustrate your explanations)False. When the demand falls, there will be a surplus of bread for a while (FE 1 in the graph), when the original equilibrium price P 1 has not fallen yet. As time goes on, price begins to fall, quantity 电脑其他产品demanded (not demand itself) decreases and quantity supplied increases, just to eliminate this surplus. Finally the new equilibrium (E 2) will have a lower quantity demanded (and supplied), Q 2, and also a lower price, P 2.5. 完全竞争市场上的单个企业可以通过将价格降低到市场现行价格之下来增加利润,因为这样一来可以吸引更多的买者。

经济学原理I秋季期中

经济学原理I秋季期中

经济学原理I(2004年秋季学期)期中考试2(A卷)(2004-11-30)注意:请全部用中文回答(留学生可用英文。

)请将所有题目的答案写在答题册上,写在本试题纸上一律无效。

考试结束后,试题纸和答题册一并上交。

一、判断题(判断并必须说明理由,可以用文字或图形。

每题5分,共30分)1.北京的出租车数量由政府发放牌照来控制。

目前的做法是将牌照发放给出租车公司,出租车公司获得牌照后到市场上招聘司机。

近年来司机经常抱怨出租车公司给他们的报酬待遇太低。

“如果把向出租车公司发放牌照改为直接由政府向出租车司机拍卖牌照,那末可以改善司机的报酬待遇”。

(北京某著名经济学家的话)错误。

由政府向出租车司机拍卖牌照不会改善司机的报酬待遇。

在目前的做法中,是政府,或者是出租车公司,或者是两者拿走了全部由牌照产生的租金。

由政府向出租车司机拍卖牌照时是政府拿走了全部的租金。

在出租车司机市场完全竞争的情况下,拍卖使出租车司机不会拿到任何牌照租金。

2、一种没有无谓损失的税不能增加任何政府收入;反之,不增加政府收入的税也不会有任何无谓损失。

错误。

如果供给或者需求完全缺乏弹性,该项税收即使带来很高的税收收入也没有任何无谓损失(例如土地税)。

相反,如果税率很高(例如100%的工薪税),可以带来很大的无谓损失但没有税收收入。

3. To achieve the social welfare maximization, a negative production externality calls for a Pigovian tax on producers, whereas a negative consumption externality calls for a Pigovian tax on consumers.False. It doesn't matter on whom the tax is imposed – the incidence of the tax will be identical. So whether the externality is from production or consumption of the good, a tax on either producers or consumers will lead to the same reduction of quantity and change in the prices producers receive or consumers pay.4、“我们不能让任何人选择付费污染。

经济学原理I(09秋季期中1)仅试题版

经济学原理I(09秋季期中1)仅试题版

姓名学号班级(A卷)经济学原理I(2009年秋季学期)期中考试1(A卷答案)(2009/11/19)学术部温馨提示:此处为仅有题目版本,适合对照完全版中答案使用。

可以将此版本打印并配合答题纸模拟考试实况。

一、判断题(判断并简要说明理由,必要时可以用图形。

每题4分,共24分)1.假设你捡到了20美元,并选择用它购买一本小说。

则你购买这本小说的机会成本是零。

2.If a certain trade is good for one person,it can’t be good for the other one.3.只有富国之间才存在贸易的可能性,因为只有他们才拥有剩余产品——消费量小于产出量。

4.完全竞争市场上的单个企业可以通过将价格降低到市场现行价格之下来增加利润,因为这样一来可以吸引更多的买者。

(提示:完全竞争市场上的企业在现行价格下想卖多少就可以卖多少。

)5.If more Americans go on a low-carb diet,the demand for bread will fall.The decrease in thedemand for bread will cause the price of bread to fall.The lower price,however,will then increase the demand.In the new equilibrium,Americans might end up consuming more bread than they did initially.6.Lovers of classical music persuade Congress to impose a price ceiling of$40per concertticket.As a result of this policy,more people attend classical music concerts.二、选择题(每题3分,共42分。

北大经济学原理期中测验答案

北大经济学原理期中测验答案
7、出版社的张编辑是某著名经济学教科书的销售负责人,他认为,由于允许学生将旧的教科书再次出售,损害了出版社的利益。某著名化学家对此建议,出版社可以使用一种他本人发明的印刷墨水,当教科书使用半年后,这种墨水自动褪色,使得书页变成空白。如果张编辑接受这一建议,其结果是必然导致新书价格上升和出版社盈利增加。
错误。在学生的洗澡行为(特别是洗澡频率)不变时,澡堂扩建一倍会使得其拥挤程度下降一半。但学生会对澡堂拥挤下降的激励做出反应,增加洗澡频率,这样澡堂的拥挤程度会有所回升。(原理4:人们会对激励做出反应。)
3、Certainvery talented peoplehavea comparativeadvantageineverything they do.
1、因为历史数据表明,基础教育的平均社会收益大于高等教育,所以在资金有限的情况下,应该优先增加对基础教育的投入。
错误。这里应该考虑的是给定的新增投入带来的收益的增加量,也即边际收益,而不是根据历史数据计算的平均收益。(原理3:理性人考虑边际量)
2、某大学决定将拥挤的学生澡堂扩建一倍。这一做法必定会使得澡堂的拥挤程度下降一半。
Bbeingin the right placeat the righttime
Canidea whosetime had come
Dthe interplaybetween observation and theoryin science
3、以下哪一项是宏观经济学研究的内容:
A政府管制对民航机票价格的影响
C个人对自我利益的追求
D对历史悠久的传统的坚持
2、SirIsaacNewton’sdevelopment ofthe theory ofgravity afterobservingan apple fall froma treeisan exampleof:

经济学原理I(14秋季期中1)仅试题版

经济学原理I(14秋季期中1)仅试题版

姓名学号班级(A 卷)经济学原理I(2014年秋季学期)期中考试1(A卷答案)(2014/11/15)学术部温馨提示:此处为仅有题目版本,适合对照完全版中答案使用。

可以将此版本打印并配合答题纸模拟考试实况。

1.判断以下陈述是否正确,阐述理由。

必要时画出图形。

(3*4=12分)1.1 政府的支农政策(例如,让农民便宜地购买种子和化肥)导致了粮食增产,这又导致粮食价格下降,从而使得粮食产量减少,而这又使得粮食价格上升。

因此,无法确定粮食市场最终的产量与价格的变化方向。

1.2 Lovers of classical music persuade Congress to impose a price ceiling of $40 per concert ticket. As a result of this policy, more people attend classical music concerts.1.3 电脑行业的技术进步只能使得经济中的电脑产量增加,而经济中其它产品的数量肯定不会增加。

1.4 政府减少土地供给的政策肯定挤出了住房市场上的泡沫,因为这减少了住房市场的均衡数量,从而减少了住房空置率。

2.Multiple Choice. Each problem only has one correct choice. (2*5=10 points)2.1 An economy produces hot dogs and hamburgers. If a discovery of the remarkable health benefits of hot dogs were to change consumers’ preferences, it woulda. expand the production possibilities frontier.b. contract the production possibilities frontier.c.Move the economy along the production possibilities frontier.d. Move the economy inside the production possibilities frontier.2.2 Which of the following is a positive, rather than a normative, statement?a. Law X will reduce national income.b. Law X is a good piece of legislation.c.Congress ought to pass law X.d. The president should veto law X.2.3 Which of the following might lead to an increase in the equilibrium price of jelly and a decrease in the equilibrium quantity of jelly sold?a. an increase in the price of peanut butter, a complement to jellyb. an increase in the price of Marshmallow Fluff, a substitute for jellyc.an increase in the price of grapes, an input into jellyd. an increase in consumers’ incomes, as long as jelly is a normal good2.4 The price of coffee rose sharply last month, while the quantity sold remained the same. Each of five people suggest an explanation:TOM: Demand increased, but supply was perfectly inelastic.DICK: Demand increased, but it was perfectly inelastic.HARRY: Demand increased, but supply decreased at the same time.1姓名学号班级(A 卷)LARRY: Supply decreased, but demand was unit elastic.MARY: Supply decreased, but demand was perfectly inelastic.Who could possibly be right?a. T om, Dick, and Harry.b. T om, Dick, and Mary.c.T om, Harry, and Mary.d. Dick, Harry, and Larry.e. Dick, Harry, and Mary2.5 Which o f the f ollowing w ould i ncrease q uantity s upplied, i ncrease q uantity d emanded, a nd decrease the price that consumers pay?a. the imposition of a binding price floorb. the removal of a binding price floorc.the passage of a tax levied on producersd. the repeal of a tax levied on producersparative Advantage and Gains from Trade (11 pts)Mark and Bob are roommates. Mark can cook dinner in 30 minutes and wash the laundry in 20 minutes. Bob takes 20 minutes to cook dinner and 30 minutes to wash the laundry. The rule of their apartment building requires that each of them should take half of each task, but does not prohibit them from any trading activity.a. How long would Mark and Bob need to finish their own share of both tasks required by therule? Show Mark and Bob’s production possibilities frontier (PPF), by fixing their amount of time available at the level for finishing their required share of both tasks. Label the points representing their required share of tasks on their PPF curves. (Hint: the PPF curve should use share (or percentage) of each task as its X and Y axis. And those shares cannot be larger than one. ) (3 pts)b. What is the most efficient way of allocating tasks between Mark and Bob? The most efficientway is the way that takes the minimum level of total amount of time. Show the efficient task allocation in their PPF curves. (2 pts)c.Mark and Bob decide to trade with each other to improve their welfare (i.e., to save theirown time). What would be the exchange rate between washing and cooking Mark is willing to accept? How about Bob? (2 pts)d. Is there any exchange rate acceptable for both of them and still achieving the most efficientallocation of works? If yes, show it on the graph. If not, explain why not. (1 pt)e. What would be the most favorable exchange rate for Mark? If Mark can force Bob to trade onhis most favorable exchange rate as much as possible, what would be the final allocation of work among them? Show it on the graph. Is this allocation efficient? (3 pts)2.. . 姓名 学号 班级 (A 卷)4.地铁票价调整(17 分)某城市地铁长期执行一个政府规定的比较低的票价,导致地铁拥挤不堪。

经济学原理I(10秋季期中1)仅试题版

经济学原理I(10秋季期中1)仅试题版

姓名学号班级(A 卷)经济学原理I(2010 年秋季学期)期中考试1(A 卷仅试题版)(2010/11/3)学术部温馨提示:此处为仅有题目版本,适合对照完全版中答案使用。

可以将此版本打印并配合答题纸模拟考试实况。

一、判断题(判断并简要说明理由,必要时可以用图形。

每题4分,共20分)1.假设你捡到了20 美元,并选择用它购买一本小说。

则你购买这本小说的机会成本是零。

2.电脑行业的技术进步只能使得经济中的电脑产量增加,而经济中其它产品的数量不会增加。

3.An increase in the demand for notebooks raises the quantity of notebooks demanded but not the quantity supplied. .4.If more Americans go on a low-carb diet, the demand for bread will fall. The decrease in the demand for breadwill cause the price of bread to fall. The lower price, however, will then increase the demand. In the new equilibrium, Americans might end up consuming more bread than they did initially. (DO use a diagram to illustrate your explanations)5.完全竞争市场上的单个企业可以通过将价格降低到市场现行价格之下来增加利润,因为这样一来可以吸引更多的买者。

(提示:完全竞争市场上的企业在现行价格下想卖多少就可以卖多少。

)二、选择题(每题3分,共42分。

每题只有一个正确答案。

)1.The company that you manage has invested $5 million in developing a new product, but the development is notquite finished. At a recent meeting, your salespeople report that the introduction of competing products has reduced the expected sales of your new product to $3 million. What should do?A.You should go ahead to finish development and make the product if and only if it would cost less than $5 millionto do so.B.You should go ahead to finish development and make the product if and only if it would cost less than $3 millionto do so.C.You should go ahead to finish development and make the product if and only if it would cost less than $2 millionto do so.D.You should not go ahead to finish development and make the product at all.2.中国的“道路交通安全法”曾经将机动车与行人之间交通事故造成的损害由机动车与行人分担,改为机动车全部承担。

南开24年秋季《经济学原理(一)》作业参考三

南开24年秋季《经济学原理(一)》作业参考三

24秋学期《经济学原理(一)》作业参考1.能够促使中国和韩国进行贸易并能够促使双方都受益的国际交换价值?()选项A:3单位棉布换1单位电视机选项B:4单位棉布换2单位电视机选项C:5单位棉布换2单位电视机选项D:3单位棉布换2单位电视机。

参考答案:C2.如果一种物品价格高于均衡价格()选项A:存在过剩,而且,价格将上升选项B:存在过剩,而且,价格将下降选项C:存在短缺,而且,价格将上升选项D:存在短缺,而且,价格将下降。

参考答案:B3.线性无差异曲线所表示的两种商品是()。

选项A:可以替代的选项B:互补的选项C:完全替代的选项D:互不相关的参考答案:C4.下面哪一种条件不能描述垄断竞争市场上的企业()。

选项A:生产与其竞争者不同的产品。

选项B:通过阻止合并和打破大企业来增进一个行业的竞争。

选项C:增加合并活动,以有助于引起降低成本并提高效率的结合。

选项D:创造自然垄断的公有制。

参考答案:B5.会计利润等于总收益减?()。

选项A:隐性成本。

选项B:显性成本。

选项C:隐性与显性成本之和。

选项D:边际成本。

参考答案:B6.当(),税收负担更多地落在市场的卖者身上。

选项A:需求缺乏弹性,而供给富有弹性时选项B:需求富有弹性,而供给缺乏弹性时选项C:供给和需求都缺乏弹性时选项D:供给和需求都富有弹性时参考答案:B7.直线型需求曲线的斜率不变,因此其价格弹性不变,这个说法()选项A:一定正确。

选项B:一定不正确。

选项C:可能不正确。

选项D:无法断定正确不正确。

参考答案:B8.最低工资提高将引起以下哪一种人的失业增加较多()。

选项A:劳动需求较富有弹性时的熟练工人选项B:劳动需求较缺乏弹性时的熟练工人选项C:劳动需求较富有弹性时的非熟练工人选项D:劳动需求较缺乏弹性时的非熟练工人参考答案:A9.与垄断相关的无效率是由于()。

选项A:垄断利润。

选项B:垄断亏损。

选项C:物品的过度生产。

选项D:物品的生产不足。

参考答案:D。

经济学原理I(07秋季期中1)仅试题版

经济学原理I(07秋季期中1)仅试题版

姓名学号班级(A卷)经济学原理I(2007年秋季学期)期中考试1(A卷答案)(2007/10/31)学术部温馨提示:此处为仅有题目版本,适合对照完全版中答案使用。

可以将此版本打印并配合答题纸模拟考试实况。

一、判断题(判断并简要说明理由,必要时可以用图形。

每题4分,共28分)1.小明意外地从地上捡到10块钱。

当考虑如何花掉它时,他不面临任何权衡取舍;换句话说,这10块钱是“免费午餐”。

2.经济学家意见分歧的主要原因是因为他们代表了不同的利益集团。

3.If a certain trade is good for one person,it can’t be good for the other one.4.中国只有通过提高劳动生产率,才能从与富国的贸易中受益。

5.In a competitive market,an increase in the demand for notebooks raises the quantity of notebooks demanded as well as the quantity supplied.6.政府的支农政策(如对农民购买种子和化肥进行补贴)导致了粮食增产,这又导致粮食价格下降,从而使得粮食产量减少,而这又使得粮食价格上升。

因此,无法确定粮食市场最终的产量与价格的变化方向。

7.贝多芬音乐唱片比一般古典音乐(包含贝多芬音乐)唱片更缺乏弹性。

因为喜欢听贝多芬音乐的人通常都不会再听其他古典音乐。

二、选择题(每题3分,共39分。

每题只有一个正确答案。

)1.Mike has spent$500purchasing and repairing an old fishing boat,which he expects to sellfor$800once the repairs are complete.He discovers that he needs an additional repair,which will cost$400,in order to complete the repairs.He can sell the boat as it is now for$300.What should he do?A.He should cut his losses and take the$300.B.He should never sell something for less than it cost.C. He should complete the repairs and sell the boat.D. It doesn’t matter which action he takes; the outcome is the same either way.2.Adam Smith states that led by the invisible hand of markets, what kinds of individual can promote the public interest effectively?A. individual who intends to promote the public interestB. individual who knows how much he is promoting the social interestC. Both A and BD. individual who intends only his own gain3.三个老师对于大学生上课迟到发表了如下的看法:老师甲:“学生上课迟到是因为上课时间过早。

经济学原理I(12秋季期中1)仅试题版

经济学原理I(12秋季期中1)仅试题版

经济学原理 I (2012 年秋季学期)期中考试( A 卷试题)(2012/10/31)学术部温馨提示:此处为仅有题目版本,适合对照完全版中答案使用。

可以将此版本打印并配合答题纸模拟考试实况。

1. True or False? Explain your answers by using a graph. (4 points) If more Americans go on a low-carbon diet, the demand for bread will fall. The decrease in the demand for bread will cause the price of bread to fall. The lower price, however, will then increase the demand. In the new equilibrium, Americans might end up consuming more bread than they did initially.2. 选择题。

选择正确的答案(无需说明理由)(6 分,每问 2 分)。

教材中分析了当农业中引入新发明的高产品种,导致农业增产,但由于农产品缺乏需求弹性,农民收益却下降的情形。

用生产可能性边界来表示这一影响,正确的图形是: (1) (直接回答左图或右图)。

假定经济一开始处于 A 点,则该事件导致经济最终移动到图形上的( 2)点(直接写出点的字母代号)。

假定人们对农产品的需求是富于..弹性的,你对于第(2)问的回答将变为 (3)。

其他产业 其他产业3. 高速公路通行费(15 分)“十一”长假期间,政府实行高速公路免通行费政策,导致了大量的高速公路拥堵现象。

(1) 假定在非长假期间,即使高速公路免通行费,也不会导致拥堵。

你认为此时如果任由市场自发调节,均衡价格有可能是(或接近于)零吗?当长假到来时,高速公路出现了拥农业 农业A AB CD EF EFC DB堵现象,则任由市场自发调节的均衡价格还可能是零吗?画出相应的供求曲线图形,标出符合上述两种情况下各自的均衡点。

清华大学经济学原理--第一学期期中考试

清华大学经济学原理--第一学期期中考试

经济学原理I (20112年秋季学期)期中考试1(A 卷)(2012/10/31)注意:请将所有题目的答案写在答题册上,写在本试题纸上一律无效。

本试卷满分为50 分。

1.True or False? Explain your answers by using a graph. (4 points)If more Americans go on a low-carbon diet, the demand for bread will fall. The decrease in the demand for bread will cause the price of bread to fall. The lower price, however, will then increase the demand. In the new equilibrium, Americans might end up consuming more bread than they did initially.2.选择题。

选择正确的答案(无需说明理由)(6分,每问2分)。

教材中分析了当农业中引入新发明的高产品种,导致农业增产,但由于农产品缺乏需求弹性,农民收益却下降的情形。

用生产可能性边界来表示这一影响,正确的图形是: ( 1 )(直接回答左图或右图)。

假定经济一开始处于A 点,则该事件导致经济最终移动到图形上的 ( 2 ) 点(直接写出点的字母代号)。

假定人们对农产品的需求是富于弹性的,你对于第(2)问的回答将变为 ( 3 )。

其他产业3.高速公路通行费(15分)“十一”长假期间,政府实行高速公路免通行费政策,导致了大量的高速公路拥堵现象。

(1)假定在非长假期间,即使高速公路免通行费,也不会导致拥堵。

你认为此时如果任由市场自发调节,均衡价格有可能是(或接近于)零吗?当长假到来时,高速公路出现了拥堵现象,则任由市场自发调节的均衡价格还可能是零吗?画出相应的供求曲线图形,标出符合上述两种情况下各自的均衡点。

经济学原理期中1答案

经济学原理期中1答案

经济学原理(yuánlǐ)(Ⅰ)期中考试(qī zhōnɡ kǎo shì)一注意:请全部用中文回答(留学生可用英文)。

试卷的答案(dáàn)必须写在答题册上才有效,请记住在答题册上写下姓名和学号。

一、判断题(判断并必须(bìxū)说明理由,可以用文字或图形。

每题5分,共40分)1.某城市幼儿园的规定是每天下午4点钟家长必须将孩子(hái zi)接走,可是每周都有那么几个家长迟到(孩子在等待父母的过程中会较烦躁,幼儿园也不得不留下一个老师专门看护。

)。

因此,有人向校长建议对迟到的家长每次罚款10元。

如果校长采用该建议,那么迟到的家长数肯定减少。

错误。

在没有罚款之前,家长们迟到实际上是免费的,但是很多家长没有迟到,这说明迟到会引起一种心理成本(内疚感)。

一旦有了罚款,家长们迟到的成本变为10元钱,但是心理成本消失,其净效果很可能是激励更多的家长迟到。

2.众所周知,汽车超速对于公路安全带来危害,并且超速越严重危害越大。

某城市现行的法律是每超速10公里就增加罚款2千元。

有代表指出这种交通立法对于超速行为过于宽松,建议只要发现超速行为,不管超速多少即罚款1万元。

该代表的建议能够降低超速带来的危害性。

错误。

理性的人考虑边际量。

采用该建议后,驾驶者只要交足1万元就可以随意超速,即超速的边际成本等于0,面临这样的激励,超速的程度将很严重,危害也就越大。

3、出版社的张编辑是某著名经济学教科书的销售负责人,他认为,由于允许学生将旧的教科书再次出售,损害了出版社的利益。

某著名化学家对此建议,出版社可以使用一种他本人发明的印刷墨水,当教科书使用半年后,这种墨水自动褪色,使得书页变成空白。

如果张编辑接受这一建议,其结果是必然导致新书价格上升和出版社盈利增加。

错误。

这里的分析虽然看到了旧教科书和新教科书为替代品,随着旧教科书的供给下降(甚至消失),旧教科书价格上升,引起新教科书需求上升,需求曲线右移,价格上升,这可以增加出版社盈利。

经济学原理10-简单国民收入决定

经济学原理10-简单国民收入决定
MPC = △C △y
边际消费倾向递减规律:随着收入水平的不断 增加,消费增加的比例越来越小。
边际消费倾向MPC举例
每增加1元国民收入所引起的消费金额的变化。 简单线性消费函数:C = α+βY MPC=△C/△Y=β 例:收入由100元增加到120元,消费由80元增加到94元。 边际消费倾向MPC =C/ Y =(94-80)/(120-100) =0.7
∵ ∴ y = C + S y S C = y + y y ∵ ∴ y = C + S S y = C + y y y
即: APC + APS = 1
即: MPC + MPS = 1

不消费即储蓄。 APC + APS = 1 MPC + MPS = 1
例:收入由100元增加到120元,消费由80元增加到94元。 边际消费倾向MPC = 0.7 边际储蓄倾向MPS = 0.3 MPC + MPS = 0.7 +0.3 = 1
第十章 简单国民收入决定理论
第一节
一、假设
均衡产出
1、假设所分析的经济中不存在政府,也不存在对 外贸易,只有家户部门(居民户)和企业部门。 还假定企业投资是自主的,即不随利率和产量而 变动。
2、假设不论需求量为多少,经济制度均能以不变 的价格提供相应的供给量。
3、假定折旧和公司未分配利润为零,则 GNP=NNP=NI=PI。
消费(C)函数 4、平均消费倾向(APC)
指任一收入水平上消费支出在收入中的比率。
APC = C y
C=y时,APC=1;
C>y时,APC>1;
C<y时(即存在S),APC<1;

2010经济学原理期中考试试题答案

2010经济学原理期中考试试题答案

2010年北京交通大学《经济学原理》期中考试试题答案一、 判断题(每小题 1 分,共计 20 分)√ √ × × √ √ ×√ √ × √ √ ××× 二、单项选择题(每小题 2 分,共计 40 分)1 —— 5 6 —— 10 11 —— 15 B A D C C B A B A B C C B D C16 —— 20 C C C A C三、画图说明题(共计 10 分)1、答案:福利损失为三角形面积。

四、 计算题(共计 15 分)1、答:(1)计算出边际收益情况表:当MR=MC 时利润达到最大。

所以,均衡产量与价格:Q=1.5瓶/小时,P=7元。

(2)经济利润等于总收益减去总成本。

所以,经济利润=1.5×7-5=5.5元(3)按照MC=P 确定产量实现竞争性均衡。

画图时,MC 曲线与需求曲线的交点落在2至2.5的中间点上,即2.25瓶/小时。

作函数时,边际成本函数为:MC=1+2Q , 反需求函数为:p=10-2Q. 令MC=P 相等,得出竞争性均衡为:Q=2.25瓶/小时,P= 5.5元,所以,垄断时,消费者剩余= 1/2 × 1.5 × (10 - 7) = 2.25竞争时,消费者剩余= 1/2 × 2.25 × (10 – 5.5) = 5.06252、答: (1) 7.65元 (2) 300千个 (3) 300个(4) 亏损849元(834元??) (5) 退出 (6) 10.00元 (7) 400个 (8) 500家企业五、简答题(10分)1、基数效用论的均衡条件是:nn P MU P MU P MU ...2211==。

即,最后一块钱无论购买哪种产品,带给消费者的边际效用都一样。

序数效用论的均衡条件是:XYXY P P RST。

即,对消费者而言,两个产品之间的边际替代率等于两种产品的价格之比。

经济学原理I(10秋季期中2)

经济学原理I(10秋季期中2)

A. B. C. D. 3 Canada were to subsidize the production of wool blankets, and sell them in the U.S. at artificially low prices, the U.S. economy would be , the Canada economy would be , and the U.S. and Canada economy as a whole would be . A. worse off, better off, worse off or better off B. better off, worse off, worse off or better off C. better off, better off, better off
2
姓名
学号
班级
(A 卷)
D. better off, worse off, worse off 6. The U.S. government has at times pressured Japan to “voluntarily” limit the sale of Japanese cars in the United States. Compared with a tariff which achieves the same number of cars imported from Japan, this voluntary limitation policy will make the U.S. consumers ; the U.S. producers ; the U.S. government ; and the U.S. as a whole . worse off; worse off; worse off; worse off better off; worse off; unaffected; better off unaffected; unaffected; worse off; worse off unaffected; unaffected; unaffected; unaffected 以下理由中,不能说明对汽油征税可以提高社会总福利的是: 驾车人一般属于富裕阶层 公路拥挤 空气污染 耗油的大型车带来更大的车祸危险 学生宿舍中有两人,吸烟者和非吸烟者。学校考虑制定相关规定。第 1 种规定是吸烟者 无需经过非吸烟者同意就可以吸烟。 第 2 种规定是吸烟者需要经过非吸烟者同意后才能 吸烟。第 3 种规定是完全禁止吸烟。前两种规定下允许科斯谈判,第三种规定不允许科 斯谈判。则对于非 吸烟者而言,第 种规定最有利,第 种规定最不利。 . 3,1 2,1 2,3 无法判断 春节期间燃放烟花爆竹能够给周围居民带来节日的喜庆气氛, 但也带来环境污染, 甚至 伤及他人。你认为合适的政府政策应该是: 放任不管( “允许燃放” ) 完全禁止( “禁放” ) 只允许在人烟稀少处(如城郊)燃放(有限“开禁” ) 政府出面在安全地方燃放,让更多居民观赏到
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经济学原理I (2010年秋季学期)期中考试1(A 卷答案)(2010/11/3)注意:请将所有题目的答案写在答题册上,写在本试题纸上一律无效。

一、判断题(判断并简要说明理由,必要时可以用图形。

每题4分,共20分)1. 假设你捡到了20美元,并选择用它购买一本小说。

则你购买这本小说的机会成本是零。

错误。

你购买小说的机会成本是用这20美元购买其他物品或服务带给你的好处(可能大于或等于20美元。

(注:答20美元也算对)2. 电脑行业的技术进步只能使得经济中的电脑产量增加,而经济中其它产品的数量不会增加。

错误。

电脑行业的技术进步使得整个社会的生产可能性边界外移(如图)。

一般来说,这会使得社会可以生产的其他产品的数量也增加(如图中A 到A’点)。

直观来说,由于技术进步,当社会在既定的生产要素配置下可以生产更多电脑和同样多的其他产品时(图中B 点),通过生产要素重新配置也可以同时生产更多的两种产品(图中B 到A’点)。

3. An increase in the demand for notebooks raises the quantity of notebooks demanded but notthe quantity supplied.False. The increase in demand for notebooks results in an increased quantity supplied, in general. The reason is that demand increase will raise the price (to eliminate the shortage it causes), which in turn increases the quantity supplied. The only way the statement would be true is if the supply is perfectly inelastic.4. If more Americans go on a low-carb diet, the demand for bread will fall. The decrease in thedemand for bread will cause the price of bread to fall. The lower price, however, will then increase the demand. In the new equilibrium, Americans might end up consuming more bread than they did initially. (DO use a diagram to illustrate your explanations)False. When the demand falls, there will be a surplus of bread for a while (FE 1 in the graph), when the original equilibrium price P 1 has not fallen yet. As time goes on, price begins to fall, quantity 电脑其他产品demanded (not demand itself) decreases and quantity supplied increases, just to eliminate this surplus. Finally the new equilibrium (E 2) will have a lower quantity demanded (and supplied), Q 2, and also a lower price, P 2.5. 完全竞争市场上的单个企业可以通过将价格降低到市场现行价格之下来增加利润,因为这样一来可以吸引更多的买者。

(提示:完全竞争市场上的企业在现行价格下想卖多少就可以卖多少。

)错误。

反证法。

假定降低到某一价格P’后企业选择产量Q’可以取得更大利润。

则在原来的市场价格P>P’下,企业也可以选择这一数量Q’并取得高于降价后的利润。

矛盾。

二、选择题(每题3分,共42分。

每题只有一个正确答案。

)1. The company that you manage has invested $5 million in developing a new product, but thedevelopment is not quite finished. At a recent meeting, your salespeople report that the introduction of competing products has reduced the expected sales of your new product to $3 million. What should do?A. You should go ahead to finish development and make the product if and only if it would costless than $5 million to do so.B. You should go ahead to finish development and make the product if and only if it would cost less than $3 million to do so.C. You should go ahead to finish development and make the product if and only if it would costless than $2 million to do so.D. You should not go ahead to finish development and make the product at all.2. 中国的“道路交通安全法”曾经将机动车与行人之间交通事故造成的损害由机动车与行人分担,改为机动车全部承担。

这导致机动车与行人相遇时,机动车驾驶员的谨慎程度 ;行人的谨慎程度 ;最终导致机动车与行人之间交通事故的可能性 。

A. 提高;提高;降低。

B. 降低;降低;提高。

C. 提高;降低;可能提高可能降低。

P 1Q 2P 2 Q 1D.降低;提高;可能提高可能降低。

ernment decides that laid-off workers should be able to collect unemployment benefitsuntil they find a new job. This decision is:A.good for society’s efficiency but bad for its equityB.good for both society’s efficiency and equityC.good for society’s equity but bad for its efficiencyD.bad for both society’s efficiency and equity4.Which of the following statement is positive?A.Society faces a short-run trade-off between inflation and unemploymentB.The Federal Reserve should reduce the rate of money growth.C.Society ought to require welfare recipients to look for jobs.D.None of the above statements is positive.5.在生产可能性边界上,人类社会面临清洁环境与生产产品的权衡取舍。

现在,技术进步减少了单位产品生产的污染程度,对此三个人发表了自己的看法:甲:“清洁环境的机会成本上升,使得人们选择更不清洁的环境。

”乙:“产品生产的机会成本下降,使得人们选择更多的产品,这导致环境更不清洁。

”丙:“产品生产的机会成本下降,使得人们选择更多的产品;但环境也变得更清洁了,因为技术进步减少了既定生产的污染水平。

”则这些说法中最可能正确的是:A.甲B.乙C.丙D.甲和乙6.Stuart earns $4.50 for an hour working at a fast-food restaurant, and then pays a storekeeper$1 for a quart of milk. In a circular-flow diagram, all the Stuart’s activities above correspond to:A.An hour labor supply of Stuart and labor input of the restaurant, and $4.50 wages paid by therestaurant and income earned by Stuart; then 4.5 quarts of milk sold by the storekeeper and bought by Stuart, and $4.5 revenue of the storekeeper and spending of Stuart.B.An hour labor supply of Stuart and labor input of the restaurant, and $4.50 wages paid by therestaurant and income earned by Stuart; then a quart of milk sold by the storekeeper and bought by Stuart, and $1 revenue of the storekeeper and spending of Stuart.C.An hour labor supply of Stuart and labor input of the restaurant, and $4.50 wages paid by therestaurant and income earned by StuartD. 1 quart of milk sold by the storekeeper and bought by Stuart, and $1 revenue of thestorekeeper and spending of Stuart.7.Which of the following statement is true?A.If a certain trade is good for one person, it can’t be good for the other one.B.If a certain trade is good for one person, it is always good for the other one.C.If a certain trade is good for one person, it can also be good for the other one.D.None of the above statements is true.8.张顺和李逵生产两种产品:鱼和柴。

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