【历年高考真题】全国卷1
历届全国卷一语文试卷答案(含答案)
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文档下载后可定制随意修改，请根据实际需要进行相应的调整和使用，谢谢!并且，本店铺为大家提供各种各样类型的实用资料，如教育随笔、日记赏析、句子摘抄、古诗大全、经典美文、话题作文、工作总结、词语解析、文案摘录、其他资料等等，如想了解不同资料格式和写法，敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by theeditor. I hope that after you download them,they can help yousolve practical problems. The document can be customized andmodified after downloading,please adjust and use it according toactual needs, thank you!In addition, our shop provides you with various types ofpractical materials,such as educational essays, diaryappreciation,sentence excerpts,ancient poems,classic articles,topic composition,work summary,word parsing,copy excerpts,other materials and so on,want to know different data formats andwriting methods,please pay attention!专业课原理概述部分一、选择题1. 以下哪个作品是鲁迅的短篇小说集？（）A. 《呐喊》B. 《彷徨》C. 《故事新编》D. 《朝花夕拾》2. 《红楼梦》的作者是谁？（）A. 曹雪芹B. 高鹗C. 施耐庵D. 罗贯中3. 以下哪个不是唐宋八大家之一？（）A. 韩愈B. 柳宗元C. 欧阳修D. 王安石4. 以下哪个不是《三国演义》中的主要人物？（）A. 曹操B. 刘备C. 孙权D. 袁绍5. 以下哪个不是《水浒传》中的梁山好汉？（）A. 宋江B. 林冲C. 武松D. 关羽二、判断题1. 《红楼梦》是我国古代小说的巅峰之作。
全国卷1试题及答案
全国卷1试题及答案第一部分：听力（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）略第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）略第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）略第三部分：语言运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节完型填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）略第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）略第四部分：写作（共两节，满分35分）第一节：短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）略第二节：书面表达（满分25分）假设你是李华，你的外国朋友Susan对中国的长城非常感兴趣，但因为听说很多游客在长城上乱丢垃圾，她对此感到担忧。
请你给Susan 写封信，内容应包括：1. 你对她的担忧表示理解；2. 长城的重要性及其在中国历史中的地位；3. 描述一些如何保护长城的措施；4. 倡议大家共同保护长城，确保其美丽与历史价值永久存在。
Dear Susan,I hope this letter finds you well. I understand your concerns about the littering problem on the Great Wall of China. As a Chinese citizen, I share your worries and would like to provide you with some insights on this matter.The Great Wall is not only a magnificent architectural wonder but also a symbol of China's rich history and cultural heritage. It stretches across thousands of kilometers, bearing witness to centuries of Chinese civilization. However, the rapid increase in tourism has brought about some negative consequences, including littering. Many visitors unfortunately do not realize the significance of protecting this historical landmark.To address this issue, various measures have been implemented to preserve the Great Wall. First and foremost, signage has been placed along the wall, reminding tourists to respect the environment and refrain from littering. Additionally, local authorities have stepped up patrols todiscourage any inappropriate behavior. Public campaigns have been launched to raise awareness among both locals and tourists, emphasizing the importance of maintaining the cleanliness of this national treasure.I believe that protecting the Great Wall requires collective efforts from the government, society, and individuals. It is crucial to educate people about the historical and cultural value of the Great Wall, encouraging them to act responsibly during their visits. Furthermore, imposing fines or stricter penalties on those who violate the regulations can serve as a deterrent.Let us join hands in preserving the beauty and historical significance of the Great Wall. Through our combined efforts, we can ensure that this magnificent structure remains intact for future generations to admire and appreciate.Best regards,Li Hua字数：345字。
全国卷Ⅰ2022年新高考数学真题及答案解析
绝密★启用前2022年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试数学一、选择题：本题共8小题，每小题5分，共40分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。
1.若集合{4},{31}M x N x x =<=≥∣，则M N = （）A.{}02x x ≤< B.123xx ⎧⎫≤<⎨⎬⎩⎭C.{}316x x ≤< D.1163xx ⎧⎫≤<⎨⎬⎩⎭【答案】D【详解】1{16},{}3M xx N x x =≤<=≥∣0∣，故1163M N x x ⎧⎫⋂=≤<⎨⎬⎩⎭，故选：D 2.若i(1)1z -=，则z z +=（）A.2-B.1- C.1D.2【答案】D【详解】由题设有21i1i i i z -===-，故1+i z =，故()()1i 1i 2z z +=++-=，故选：D 3.在ABC 中，点D 在边AB 上，2BD DA =．记CA m CD n == ，，则CB=（）A.32m n -B.23m n-+C.32m n+D.23m n+【答案】B【详解】因为点D 在边AB 上，2BD DA =，所以2BD DA =，即()2CD CB CA CD -=- ，所以CB =3232CD CA n m -=- 23m n =-+．故选：B ．4.南水北调工程缓解了北方一些地区水资源短缺问题，其中一部分水蓄入某水库.已知该水库水位为海拔1485m ．时，相应水面的面积为21400km ．；水位为海拔1575m ．时，相应水面的面积为21800km ．，将该水库在这两个水位间的形状看作一个棱台，则该水库水位从海拔1485m ．上升到1575m ．时，增加的水量约2.65≈）（）A.931.010m ⨯B.931.210m ⨯ C.931.410m ⨯ D.931.610m ⨯【答案】C【解析】依题意可知棱台的高为157.5148.59MN =-=(m)，所以增加的水量即为棱台的体积V ．棱台上底面积262140.014010S ==⨯km m ，下底面积262180.018010S '==⨯km m ，∴((66119140101801033V h S S =++=⨯⨯⨯+⨯'(()679933320109618 2.6510 1.43710 1.410(m )=⨯+⨯≈+⨯⨯=⨯≈⨯．故选：C ．5.从2至8的7个整数中随机取2个不同的数，则这2个数互质的概率为（）A.16B.13C.12D.23【答案】D【详解】从2至8的7个整数中随机取2个不同的数，共有27C 21=种不同的取法，若两数不互质，不同的取法有：()()()()()()()2,4,2,6,2,8,3,6,4,6,4,8,6,8，共7种，故所求概率2172213P -==.故选：D.6.记函数()sin (0)4f x x b πωω⎛⎫=++> ⎪⎝⎭的最小正周期为T ．若23T ππ<<，且()y f x =的图象关于点3,22π⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭中心对称，则2f π⎛⎫= ⎪⎝⎭（）A.1B.32C.52D.3【答案】A【详解】由函数的最小正周期T 满足23T ππ<<，得223πππω<<，解得23ω<<，又因为函数图象关于点3,22π⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭对称，所以3,24k k Z ππωπ+=∈，且2b =，所以12,63k k Z ω=-+∈，所以52ω=，5()sin 224f x x π⎛⎫=++ ⎪⎝⎭，所以5sin 21244f πππ⎛⎫⎛⎫=++=⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭.故选：A7.设0.110.1e ,ln 0.99a b c ===-，则（）A.a b c <<B.c b a<< C.c a b<< D.a c b<<【答案】C【详解】方法一：构造法设()ln(1)(1)f x x x x =+->-，因为1()111x f x x x'=-=-++，当(1,0)x ∈-时，()0f x '>，当,()0x ∈+∞时()0f x '<，所以函数()ln(1)f x x x =+-在(0,)+∞单调递减，在(1,0)-上单调递增，所以1()(0)09f f <=，所以101ln099-<，故110ln ln 0.999>=-，即b c >，所以1((0)010f f -<=，所以91ln+01010<，故1109e 10-<，所以11011e 109<，故a b <，设()e ln(1)(01)xg x x x x =+-<<，则()()21e 11()+1e 11xx x g x x x x -+'=+=--,令2()e (1)+1x h x x =-，2()e (21)x h x x x '=+-，当01x <<-时，()0h x '<，函数2()e (1)+1x h x x =-单调递减，11x <<时，()0h x '>，函数2()e (1)+1x h x x =-单调递增，又(0)0h =，所以当01x <<时，()0h x <，所以当01x <<时，()0g x '>，函数()e ln(1)xg x x x =+-单调递增，所以(0.1)(0)0g g >=，即0.10.1e ln 0.9>-，所以a c >故选：C.方法二：比较法解：0.10.1a e =，0.110.1b =-，ln(10.1)c =--，①ln ln 0.1ln(10.1)a b -=+-，令()ln(1),(0,0.1],f x x x x =+-∈则1()1011x f x x x-'=-=<--，故()f x 在(0,0.1]上单调递减，可得(0.1)(0)0f f <=，即ln ln 0a b -<，所以a b <；②0.10.1ln(10.1)a c e -=+-，令()ln(1),(0,0.1],x g x xe x x =+-∈则1(1)(1)1()11x xxx x e g x xe e x x+--'=+---，令()(1)(1)1x k x x x e =+--，所以2()(12)0x k x x x e '=-->，所以()k x 在(0,0.1]上单调递增，可得()(0)0k x k >>，即()0g x '>，所以()g x 在(0,0.1]上单调递增，可得(0.1)(0)0g g >=，即0a c ->，所以.a c >故.c a b <<8.已知正四棱锥的侧棱长为l ，其各顶点都在同一球面上.若该球的体积为36π，且3l ≤≤四棱锥体积的取值范围是（）A.8118,4⎡⎤⎢⎥⎣⎦ B.2781,44⎡⎤⎢⎥⎣⎦C.2764,43⎡⎤⎢⎥⎣⎦D.[18,27]【答案】C【详解】∵球的体积为36π，所以球的半径3R =,[方法一]：导数法设正四棱锥的底面边长为2a ，高为h ，则2222l a h =+，22232(3)a h =+-,所以26h l =，2222a l h =-所以正四棱锥的体积42622411214()=333366936l l l V Sh a h l l ⎛⎫==⨯⨯=⨯-⨯- ⎪⎝⎭，所以5233112449696l l V l l ⎛⎫⎛⎫-'=-= ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭，当3l ≤≤0V '>，当l <≤时，0V '<，所以当l =时，正四棱锥的体积V 取最大值，最大值为643，又3l =时，274V =，l =814V =,所以正四棱锥的体积V 的最小值为274，所以该正四棱锥体积的取值范围是276443⎡⎤⎢⎥⎣⎦，.故选：C.[方法二]：基本不等式法由方法一故所以2231211(122)64(6)(122)[](333333h h h V a h h h h h h h -++==-=-⨯⨯= 当且仅当4h =取到)，当32h =时，得a =，则22min 11327;3324V a h ==⨯=当l =时，球心在正四棱锥高线上，此时39322h =+=，23322a a =⇒=，正四棱锥体积221119816433243V a h ==⨯=<，故该正四棱锥体积的取值范围是2764[,].43二、选择题：本题共4小题。
历年高考全国卷1英语完形填空真题汇编
Young children across the globe enjoy playing games of hide and seek. For them, there’s something highly exciting about 41 someone else’s glance and making oneself unable to be seen.However, we all witness that preschool children are remarkably 42 at hiding. They often cover only their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies 43 .For a long time, this ineffective hiding method was 44 as evidence that children are hopelessly “egocentric”(自我中心的) creatures. But our 45 research results in child developmental psychology 46 that idea.We brought young children aged 2-4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC. Each 47 sat down with an adult who covered her own eyes or 48 . We then asked the child if she could 49 or hear the adult. Surprisingly, children replied that they couldn’t. The same 50 happened when the adult covered her own mouth: 51 children said that they couldn’t 52 to her.A number of 53 ruled out that the children misunderstood what they were being asked. The results were clear: Our young subjects 54 the questions and knew 55 what was asked of them. Their 56 to the questions reflected their true 57 that “I can see you only if you can see me, too.”They simply 58 mutual(相互的) recognition and regard. Our 59 suggest when a child “hides” by putting a blanket over her head, it is not a result of egocentrism. In fact, children consider this method 60 when others use it.41. A. following B. taking C. escaping D. directing42. A. clever B. bad C. scared D. quick43. A. exposed B. examined C. untouched D. imbalanced44. A. supported B. guaranteed C. imagined D. interpreted45. A. disappointing B. mixed C. surprising D. desired46. A. explained B. confirmed C. contradicted D. tested47. A. parent B. child C. researcher D. doctor48. A. feet B. nose C. hands D. ears49. A. see B. help C. reach D. fool50. A. event B. thing C. action D. accident51. A. Yet B. Now C. Soon D. Once52. A. speak B. listen C. turn D. wave53. A. instructions B. descriptions C. experiments D. assumptions54. A. comprehended B. predicted C. explored D. ignored55. A. partly B. honestly C. vaguely D. exactly56. A. responses B. approaches C. contribution D. sensitivity57. A. ability B. belief C. identity D. purpose58. A. hold back B. relate to C. insist on D. make up59. A. limitations B. requirements C. theories D. findings60. A. tentative B. impressive C. creative D. effectiveSimply saying thank you doesn’t seem enough in certain situations. I was considering this while working as a 41 just a few weeks ago. And it came to me then how much easier it would be if we had a range of words that express different 42 of gratitude(感谢).My thoughts were soon 43 . We had a woman patient who was 44 from a knee replacement operation. One afternoon, while 45 to get into bed she collapsed(倒下) from what was 46 discovered to be a heart attack. The collapse was disastrous, 47 the emergency medical team and good teamwork. But she recovered, though 48 _, and was ready for discharge(出院) after four weeks.She was 49 for everything that the medical and nursing team had done for her. On her day of discharge, we shared in her 50 at her recovery. As she was 51 she was eager to say 52 to each of us in the nursing team. When she 53 one nurse, she tried to press a five-pound note into her hand. My colleague 54 to accept it, saying that we were all just 55 our job. The patient looked puzzled, and then 56 : “Oh this isn’t for the _57__ I had. I take that as a 58 . No, this is for setting my hair yesterday.”And there you have it. To many people, 59 lives is part of the job but styling hair is an 60 and should be rewarded.41. A. cleaner B. chemist C. nurse D. doctor42. A. grades B. meanings C. needs D. expectations43. A. brushed aside B. put to the test C. brought under discussion D. taken into account44. A. departing B. escaping C. retiring D. recovering45. A. attempting B. choosing C. pausing D. promising46. A. eventually B fortunately C. casually D. secretly47. A. assessing B. requiring C. forming D. proving48. A. slightly B. accidentally C. slowly D. happily49. A. grateful B. thoughtful C. sorrowful D. fearful50. A. surprise B. delight C. curiosity D. disappointment51. A. operating B. thinking C. hesitating D. leaving52. A. sorry B. hello C. goodbye D. yes53 A. reached B. consulted C. introduced D. persuaded54. A. wished B. pretended C. failed D. refused55. A. enjoying B. doing C. securing D. starting56. A. repeated B. recited C. replied D. reported57. A. courage B. patience C. duty D. care58. A. goal B. given C. push D. greeting59. A. risking B. changing C. saving D. building60. A. honour B. ability C. opening D. extra2020Since our twins began learning to walk, my wife and I have kept telling them that our sliding glass door is just a window. The __41__ is obvious. If we __42__ it is a door, they’ll want to go outside __43__. It will drive us crazy. The kids apparently know the __44__. But our insisting it’s __45__ a window has kept them from __46__ millions of requests to open the door.I hate lying to the kids. One day they’ll __47__ and discover that everything they’ve always known about windows is a __48__. I wonder if __49__ should always tell the truth no matter the __50__. I have a very strong __51__ that the lie we’re telling is doing __52__ damage to our children. Windows and doors have __53__ metaphorical (比喻) meanings. I’m telling them they can’t open what they ab solutely know is a door. What if later in __54__ they come to a metaphorical door, like an opportunity of some sort, and __55__ opening the door and taking the opportunity, they just __56__ it and wonder, “What if it isn’t a door?” That is, “What if it isn’t a __57__ opportunity?”Maybe it’s an unreasonable fear. But the __58__ is that I shouldn’t lie to my kids. I should just __59__ repeatedly having to say, “No. We can’t go outside now.” Then when they come to other doors in life, be they real or metaphorical, they won’t __60__ to open them and walk through.41. A. relief B. target C. reason D. case42. A. admit B. believe C. mean D. realize43. A. gradually B. constantly C. temporarily D. casually44. A. result B. danger C. method D. truth45. A. merely B. slightly C. hardly D. partly46. A. reviewing B. approving C. receiving D. attempting47. A. win out B. give up C. wake up D. stand out48. A. dream B. lie C. fantasy D. fact49. A. parents B. twins C. colleagues D. teachers50. A. restrictions B. explanations C. differences D. consequences51. A. demand B. fear C. desire D. doubt52. A. physical B. biological C. spiritual D. behavioral53. A. traditional B. important C. double D. original54. A. life B. time C. reply D. history55. A. by comparison with B. in addition to C. regardless of D. instead of56. A. get hold of B. stare at C. knock on D. make use of57. A. real B. typical C. similar D. limited58. A. safety rule B. comfort zone C. bottom line D. top secret59. A. delay B. regret C. enjoy D. accept60. A. hurry B. decide C. hesitate D. intend2019Every year about 40,000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa. They 41 with themlots of waste. The 42 might damage the beauty of the place. The glaciers(冰川) are disappearing, changing the 43 of Kilimanjaro.Hearing these stories, I’m 44 about the place — other destinations are described as “purer” natural experiences.However, I soon 45 that much has changed since the days of disturbing reports of 46 among tons of rubbish. I find a 47 mountain, with toilets at camps and along the paths. The environmental challenges are 48 but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be 49 .The best of a Kilimanjaro 50 , in my opinion, is n’t reaching the top. Mountains are 51 as spiritual places by many cultures. This 52 is especially evident on Kilimanjaro as 53 go through five ecosystems(生态系统) in the space of a few kilometers. At the base is a rainforest. It ends abruptly at 3, 000 meters, 54 lands of low growing plants. Further up, the weather 55 — low clouds envelope the mountainsides, which are covered with thick grass. I 56 twelve shades of green from where I stand. Above 4, 000 meters is the highland 57 : gravel(砾石), stones and rocks. 58 you climb into an arctic-like zone with 59 snow and the glaciers that may soon disappear.Does Kilimanjaro 60 its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace? I found the opposite to be true.41. A. keep B. mix C. connect D. bring42. A. stories B. buildings C. crowds D. reporters43. A. position B. age C. face D. name44. A. silent B. skeptical C. serious D. crazy45. A. discover B. argue C. decide D. advocate46. A. equipment B. grass C. camps D. stones47. A. remote B. quiet C. all D. clean48. A. new B. special C. significant D. necessary49. A. paying off B. spreading out C. blowing up D. fading away50. A. atmosphere B. experience C. experiment D. sight51. A. studied B. observed C. explored D. regarded52. A. view B. quality C. reason D. purpose53. A. scientists B. climbers C. locals D. officials54. A. holding on to B. going back to C. living up to D. giving way to55. A. changes B. clears C. improves D. permits56. A. match B. imagine C. count D. add57. A. village B. desert C. road D. lake58. A. Obviously B. Easily C. Consequently D. Finally59. A. permanent B. little C. fresh D. artificial60. A. enjoy B. deserve C. save D. acquire2018During my second year at the city college, I was told that the education department was offering a “free” course, called Thinking Chess, for three credits. I 41 the idea of taking the class because, after all, who doesn’t want to 42 afew dollars? More than that, I’d always wanted to learn chess. And, even if I weren’t43 enough about free credits, news about our 44 was appealing enough to me. He was an international grandmaster, which 45 I would be learning from one of the game’s 46 . I could hardly wait to 47 him.Maurice Ashley was kind and smart, a former graduate returning to teach, and this 48 was no game for him; he meant business. In his introduction, he made it 49 that our credits would be hard-earned. In order to 50 the class among other criteria, we had to write a paper on how we plan to 51 what we would learn in class to our future professions and 52 , to our lives. I managed to get an A in that 53 and learned life lessons that have served me well beyond the 54 .Ten years after my chess class with Ashley, I' m still putting to use what he 55 me: “the absolute most important 56 that you learn when you play chess is how to make good 57 . On every single move you have to 58 a situation, process what your opponent (对手) is doing and 59 the best move from among all your options.” These words still ring true today in my 60 as a journalist.41. A. put forward B. jumped at C. tried out D. turned down42. A waste B. earn C. save D. pay43. A. excited B. worried C. moved D. tired44. A. title B. competitor C. textbook D. instructor45. A. urged B. demanded C. held D. meant46. A. fastest B. easiest C. best D. rarest47. A. interview B. meet C. challenge D. beat48. A. chance B. qualification C. honor D. job49. A. real B. perfect C. clear D. possible50. A. attend B. pass C. skip D. observe51. A. add B. expose C. apply D. compare52. A. eventually B. naturally C. directly D. normally53. A. game B. presentation C. course D. experiment54. A. criterion B. classroom C. department D. situation55. A. taught B. wrote C. questioned D. promised56. A. fact B. step C. manner D. skill57. A. grades B. decisions C. impressions D. comments58. A. analyze B. describe C. rebuild D. control59. A. announce B. signal C. block D. evaluate60. A. role B. desire C. concern D. behavior2017While high school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life, college sets the stage for that exploration. I myself went through this 41 process and found something that has changed my 42 at college for the better: I discovered ASL-American Sign Language(美式手语).I never felt an urge to 43 any sign language before. My entire family is hearing, and so are all my friends. The 44 languages were enough in all my interactions(交往). Little did I know that I would discover my 45 for ASL.The 46 began during my first week at college. I watched as the ASL Club 47 their translation of a song. Both the hand movements and the very 48 of communicating without speaking 49 me. What I saw was completely unlike anything I had experienced in the 50 . This newness just left me 51 more.After that, feeling the need to 52 further, I decided to drop in on one of ASL club’s meetings. I only learned how to 53 the alphabet that day. Yet instead of being discouraged by my 54 progress, I was excited. I then made it a point to 55 those meetings and learn all I could.The following term, I 56 an ASL class. The professor was deaf and any talking was 57 . I soon realized that the silence was not unpleasant. 58 , if there had been any talking, it would have 59 us to learn less. Now, I appreciate the silence and the 60 way of communication it opens.41. A. searching B. planning C. natural D. formal42. A. progress B. experience C. major D. opinion43. A. choose B. read C. learn D. create44. A. official B. foreign C. body D. spoken45. A. love B. concern C. goal D. request46. A. meeting B. trip C. story D. task47. A. recorded B. performed C. recited D. discussed48. A. idea B. amount C. dream D. reason49. A. disturbed B. supported C. embarrassed D. attracted50. A. end B. past C. course D. distance51. A. showing B. acting C. saying D. wanting52. A. exercise B. explore C. express D. explain53. A. print B. write C. sign D. count54. A. slow B. steady C. normal D. obvious55. A. chair B. sponsor C. attend D. organize56. A. missed B. passed C. gave up D. registered for57. A. prohibited B. welcomed C. ignored D. repeated58. A. Lastly B. Thus C. Instead D. However59. A. required B. caused C. allowed D. expected60. A. easy B. popular C. quick D. new2016A Heroic DriverLarry works with Transport Drivers, Inc. One morning in 2009, Larry was 41 along I65 north after delivering to one of his 42 . Suddenly, he saw a car with its bright lights on. 43 he got closer, he found 44 vehicle upside down on the road. One more look and he noticed 45 shooting out from under the 46 vehicle. Larry pulled over, set thebrake and 47 the fire extinguisher (灭火器). Two good bursts from the extinguisher and the fire was put out.The man who had his bright lights on 48 and told Larry he had 49 an emergency call. They 50 heard a woman’s voice coming from the wrecked (毁坏的) vehicle. 51 the vehicle, they saw that a woman was trying to get out of the broken window. They told her to stay 52 until the emergency personnel arrived, 53 she thought the car was going to 54 . Larry told her that he had already put out the fire and she should not move 55 she injured her neck.Once fire and emergency people arrived, Larry and the other man 56 and let them go to work. Then, Larry asked the 57 if he was needed or 58 to go. They let him and the other man go.One thing is 59 --Larry went above and beyond the call of duty by getting so close to the burning vehicle! His 60 most likely saved the woman’s life.41. A. walking B. touring C. traveling D. rushing42. A. passengers B. colleagues C. employers D. customers43. A. Since B. Although C. As D. If44. A. each B. another C. that D. his45. A. flames B. smoke C. water D. steam46. A. used B. disabled C. removed D. abandoned47. A. got hold of B. prepared C. took charge of D. controlled48. A. came down B. came through C. came in D. came over49. A. returned B. received C. made D. confirmed50. A. then B. again C. finally D. even51. A. Starting B. Parking C. Passing D. Approaching52. A. quiet B. still C. away D. calm53. A. for B. so C. and D. but54. A. explode B. slip away C. fall apart D. crash55. A. as if B. unless C. in case D. after56. A. stepped forward B. backed off C. moved on D. set out57. A. woman B. police C. man D. driver58. A. forbidden B. ready C. asked D. free59. A. for certain B. for consideration C. reported D. checked60. A. patience B. skills C. efforts D. promise2015My kids and I were heading into the supermarket over the weekend. On the way, we spotted a man holding a piece of paper that said, “ 41 my job. Family to Feed.”At this store, a 42 like this is not normal. My 10-year-old noticed him and make a 43 on how bad it must be to have to stand 44 in the cold wind.In the store, I asked each of my kids to 45 something they thought our “friend” there would 46 . They got apples,a sandwich and a bottle of juice. Then my 17-year-old suggested giving him a 47 . I thought about it. We were 48 on cash ourselves, but… well, sometimes 49 from our need instead of our abundance is 50 what we need to do! All the kids 51 something they could do away with for the week.When we handed him the bag of 52 , he lit up and thanked us with 53 eyes. When I handed him the gift card, saying he could use it for 54 his family might need, he burst into tears.This has been a wonderful 55 for our family. For days the kids have been looking for others we can 56 ! Things would have played out so 57 if I had simply said, “No, we really don’t have 58 to give more.” Stepping out not only helped a brother in 59 , it also gave my kids the 60 taste of helping others. It’ll go a long way with them.41. A. Lost B. Changed C. Quit D. Finished42. A condition B. place C. sight D. show43. A. suggestion B. comment C. decision D. call44. A. outside B. proudly C. by D. angrily45. A. draw B. say C. arrange D. pick46. A. order B. supply C. appreciate D. discover47. A. dollar B. job C. hot meal D. gift card48. A. easy B. low C. soft D. loose49. A. giving B. saving C. spending D. begging50. A. yet B. even C. still D. just51. A. declared B. shared C. ignored D. expected52. A . toys B. medicine C. food D. clothes53. A. sleepy B. watery C. curious D. sharp54. A. whoever B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever55. A. experience B. example C. message D. adventure56. A. rely on B. respect C. learn from D. help57. A. suddenly B. vividly C. differently D. perfectly58. A. time B. power C. patience D. money59. A. fear B. love C. need D. memory60. A. strong B. sweet C. strange D. simple2014As a general rule, all forms of activity lead to boredom when they are performed on a routine(常规) basis. As a matter of fact, we can see this 41 at work in people of all 42 . For example, on Christmas morning, children are excited about 43 with their new toys. But their 44 soon wears off and by January those 45 toys can be found put away in the basement. The world is full of 46 stamp albu ms and unfinished models, each standing as a monument to someone’s 47 interest. When parents bring home a pet, their child 48 bathes it and brushes its fur. Within a short time, however, the 49 of caring for the animal is handed over to the parents. Adolescents enter high school with great 50 but are soonlooking forward to 51 . The same is true of the young adults going to college. And then, how many 52 , who now complain (抱怨) about the long drives to work, 53 drove for hours at a time when they first 54 their driver’s license (执照)? Before people retire, they usually 55 to do a lot of 56 things, which they never had 57 to do while working. But 58 after retirement, the golfing, the fishing, the reading and all of the other pastimes become as boring as the jobs they 59 . And, like the child in January, they go searching for new 60 .41. A. principle B. habit C. way D. power42. A. parties B. races C. countries D. ages43. A. working B. living C. playing D. going44. A. confidence B. interest C. anxiety D. sorrow45. A. same B. extra C. funny D. expensive46. A. well-organized B. colorfully-printed C. newly- collected D. half-filled47. A. broad B. passing C. different D. main48. A. silently B. impatiently C. gladly D. worriedly49. A. promise B. burden C. right D. game50. A. courage B. calmness C. confusion D. excitement51. A. graduation B. independence C. responsibility D. success52. A. children B. students C. adults D. retirees53. A. carefully B. eagerly C. nervously D. bravely54. A. required B. obtained C. noticed D. discovered55. A. need B. learn C. start D. plan56. A. great B. strong C. difficult D. correct57. A. time B. money C. skills D. knowledge58. A. only B. well C. even D. soon59. A. lost B. chose C. left D. quit60. A. pets B. toys C. friends D. colleagues2013I went to a group activity, “Sensitivity Sunday”, which was to make us more36 the problems faced by disabled people. We were asked to “ 37 a disability” for several hours one Sunday. Some members,38 , chose to use wheelchairs. Others wore sound-blocking earplugs (耳塞) or blindfolds (眼罩).Just sitting in the wheelchair was a 39 experience. I had never considered before how 40 it would be to use one. As soon as I sat down my 41 made the chair begin to roll. Its wheels were not 42 . Then I wondered where to put my 43 . It took me quite a while to get the metal footrest into 44 . I took my first uneasy look at what was to be my only means of 45 for several hours. For disabled people, “adopting a wheelchair” is not a temporary46 .I tried to find a 47 position and thought it might be restful, 48 kind of nice, to be 49 around for a while. Looking around, I 50 I would have to handle the thing myself! My hands started to ache as I 51 the heavy wheels. I came to know that controlling the 52 of the wheelchair is not going to be a (an) 53 task.My wheelchair experiment was soon 54 . It made a deep impression on me. A few hours of “disability” gave me only a taste of the 55 , both physical and mental, that disabled people must overcome.36. A. curious about B. interested in C. aware of D. careful with37. A. cure B. prevent C. adopt D. analyze38. A. instead B. strangely C. as usual D. like me39. A. learning B. working C. satisfying D. relaxing40. A. convenient B. awkward C. boring D. exciting41. A. height B. force C. skill D. weight42. A. locked B. repaired C. powered D. grasped43. A. hands B. feet C. keys D. handles44. A. place B. action C. play D. effect45. A. operation B. communication C. transportation D. production46. A. exploration B. education C. experiment D. entertainment47. A. flexible B. safe C. starting D. comfortable48. A. yet B. just C. still D. even49. A. shown B. pushed C. driven D. guided50. A. realized B. suggested C. agreed D. admitted51. A. lifted B. turned C. pressed D. seized52. A. path B. position C. direction D. way53. A. easy B. heavy C. major D. extra54. A. forgotten B. repeated C. conducted D. finished55. A. weaknesses B. challenges C. anxieties D. illnesses2012Body language is the quiet, secret and most powerful language of all! It speaks 36 than words. According to specialists, our bodies send out more 37 than we realize. In fact, non-verbal communication (非言语交际) takes up about 50% of what we really 38 . And body language is particularly 39 when we attempt to communicate across cultures. Indeed, what is called body language is so 40 a part of us that it's actually often unnoticed. And misunderstandings occur as a result of it. 41 , different societies treat the 42 between people differently. Northern Europeans usually do not like having 43 contact even with friends, certainly not with 44 . People from Latin American countries 45 , touch each other quite a lot. Therefore, it's possible that in 46 , it may look like a Latino is 47 a Norwegian all over the room. The Latino, trying to express friendship, will keep moving 48 . The Norwegian, veryprobably seeing this as pushiness, will keep 49 --which the Latino will in return regard as 50 .Clearly, a great deal is going on when people 51 . And only a part of it is in the words themselves. And when parties are from 52 cultures, there's a strong possibility of 53 . But whatever the situation, the best 54 is to obey the Golden Rule: treat others as you would like to be 55 .36. A. straighter B. louder C. harder D. further37. A. sands B. invitations C. feelings D. messages38. A. hope B. receive C. discover D. mean39. A. immediate B. misleading C. important D. difficult40. A. well B. far C. much D. long41. A. For example B. Thus C. However D. In short42. A. trade B. distance C. connections D. greetings43. A. eye B. verbal C. bodily D. telephone44. A. strangers B. relatives C. neighbours D. enemies45. A. in other words B. on the other hand C. in a similar way D. by all means46. A. trouble B. conversation C. silence D. experiment47. A. disturbing B. helping C. guiding D. following48. A. closer B. faster C. in D. away49. A. stepping forward B. going on C. backing away D. coming out50. A. weakness B. carelessness C. friendliness D. coldness51. A. talk B. travel C. laugh D. think52. A. different B. European C. Latino D. rich53. A. curiosity B. excitement C. misunderstanding D. nervousness54. A. chance B. time C. result D. advice55. A. noticed B. treated C. respected D. pleased2011In our discussion with people on how education can help them succeed in life, a woman remembered the first meeting of an introductory 36 course about 20 years ago.The professor 37 the lecture hall, placed upon his desk a large jar filled with dried beans (豆), and invited the students to 38 how many beans the jar contained. After 39 shouts of wildly wrong guesses the professor smiled a thin, dry smile, announced the 40 answer, and went on saying, “You have just 41 an important lesson about science. That is: Never 42 your own senses.”Twenty years later, the 43 could guess what the professor had in mind. He 44 himself, perhaps, as inviting his students to start an exciting 45 into an unknown world invisible (无形的) to the 46 , which can be discovered only through scientific 47 . But the seventeen-year-old girl could not accept or even 48 the invitation. She was just 49 tounderstand the world. And she 50 that her firsthand experience could be the 51 . The professor, however, said that it was 52 . He was taking away her only 53 for knowing and was providing her with no substitute (替代). “I remember feeling small and 54 .” The woman says, “and I did the only thing I could do. I 55 the course the afternoon, and I haven’t gone near science since.”36. A. art B. history C. science D. math37. A. searched for B. looked at C. got through D. marched into38. A. count B. guess C. report D. watch39. A. warning B. giving C. turning away D. listening to40. A. ready B. possible C. correct D. difficult41. A. learned B. prepared C. taught D. taken42. A. lose B. trust C. sharpen D. taken43. A. lecturer B. scientist C. speaker D. woman44. A. described B. respected C. saw D. served45. A. voyage B. movement C. change D. rush46. A. professor B. eye C. knowledge D. light47. A. model B. senses C. spirit D. methods48. A. hear B. make C. present D. refuse49. A. suggesting B. beginning C. pretending D. waiting50. A. believed B. doubted C. proved D. explained51. A. growth B. strength C. faith D. truth52. A. firm B. interesting C. wrong D. acceptable53. A. task B. tool C. success D. action54. A. cruel B. proud C. frightened D. brave55. A. dropped B. started C. passed D. missed2010It was a busy morning, about 8:30, when an elderly gentleman in his 80s came to the hospital. I heard him saying to the nurse that he was in a hurry for an appointment at 9:30.The nurse had him take a 36 in the waiting area, 37 him it would be at least 40 minutes 38 someone would be able to see him. I saw him 39 his watch and decided, since I was 40 busy —my patient didn’t41 at the appointed hour, I would examine his wound. While taking care of his wou nd, I asked him if he had another doctor’s appointment.The gentleman said no and told me that he 42 to go to the nursing home to eat breakfast with his 43 . He told me that she had been 44 for a while and that she had a special disease. I asked if she would be 45 if he was a bit late. He replied that she 46 knew who he was, that she had not been able to 47 him for five years now. I was 48 , and asked him, “And you49 go every morning, even though she doesn’t know who you are?”。
年高考理综全国1卷及答案(清晰word版)
绝密★启用前201８年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试理科综合能力测试注意事项:１．答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。
回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。
写在本试卷上无效。
3.考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
可能用到的相对原子质量:H1Ｌi 7 C1２N １４Ｏ１6 Nａ23S ３2 Ｃl 35．5Ａr 40 Fe 5６I 127一、选择题：本题共13小题，每小题6分,共７8分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。
1．生物膜的结构与功能存在密切的联系。
下列有关叙述错误的是A．叶绿体的类囊体膜上存在催化ＡＴＰ合成的酶B.溶酶体膜破裂后释放出的酶会造成细胞结构的破坏C．细胞的核膜是双层膜结构,核孔是物质进出细胞核的通道D．线粒体DＮA位于线粒体外膜上,编码参与呼吸作用的酶2．生物体内的DＮA常与蛋白质结合，以DＮA-蛋白质复合物的形式存在。
下列相关叙述错误的是A.真核细胞染色体和染色质中都存在DＮA-蛋白质复合物B．真核细胞的核中有DNA-蛋白质复合物,而原核细胞的拟核中没有C.若复合物中的某蛋白参与DＮA复制，则该蛋白可能是DNA聚合酶D．若复合物中正在进行RNA的合成,则该复合物中含有ＲNＡ聚合酶３.下列有关植物根系吸收利用营养元素的叙述,错误的是NOA．在酸性土壤中,小麦可吸收利用土壤中的Ｎ2和3B．农田适时松土有利于农作物根细胞对矿质元素的吸收C．土壤微生物降解植物秸秆产生的无机离子可被根系吸收--Ｄ．给玉米施肥过多时,会因根系水分外流引起“烧苗”现象4．已知药物X对细胞增殖有促进作用，药物Ｄ可抑制药物X的作用。
某同学将同一瓶小鼠皮肤细胞平均分为甲、乙、丙三组,分别置于培养液中培养,培养过程中进行不同的处理(其中甲组未加药物），每隔一段时间测定各组细胞数,结果如图所示。
历年高考全国卷1英语七选五真题汇编
2022Friendship needs care and attention to keep it in good health. Here are five ways to sustain(保持) long-distance friendships.·Set a regular dateLong-lasting friendships share the characteristic that both sides equally contact(联系) and share with one another. With busy schedules, squeezing in phone calls can be a challenge. 36 .·More isn’t always merrierMake sure you have communicated with your friend about how frequently each of you wants to be contacted and what method works best for you both. 37 . There are alternatives to constant written communication, such as leaving voice messages or having a group chat.·Practise empathy(共情)38 . The friend who is remaining needs to be sensitive to all the additional time demands placed on the friend who has moved. The one in the new environment should be sympathetic to the fact that your friend may feel abandoned.·39Anniversaries and birthdays carry even more weight in long-distance friendships. Although technology might make day-to-day communication possible, extra effort goes a long way on special days. Simply keeping a diary that keeps track of friends’ birthdays and other important dates will make sure nothing slips by you.·Don’t rely on technology alone40 , but long-distance friendships --even close ones-- may require more conscious effort to sustain. Try to seek out chances to renew friendships. How to do it? Just spend face-to-face time together whenever possible.A. Remember important datesB. Compensate by writing lettersC. It is also helpful for you to be a friendship keeperD. Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick to itE. Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communicationF. It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social mediaG. You may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind2021According to Jessica Hagy, author of How to Be Interesting, it’s not difficult to make yourself interesting at a dinner party.36 , if you’re out of your comfort zone or if you’re wandering into somebody’s house for the first time. So the main thing is just to show up and be adventurous, trying different foods and talking to strangers.People love to talk about themselves. If you can start the conversation with a question other than “What do you do for a living?”, you’ll be able to get a lot more interesting conversation out of whomever it is you’re talking to. 37 , it can bring in “I have this old, broken-down vehicle” or “I rode the bus with these crazy people who were laughing at silly jokes in the back.” It just opens up conversation.38 ? If you can’t take their wine away, you should certainly try to take away their soapbox (讲台). If you’re the host, you can ask them to help you in the kitchen with something and just remove them from the situation. 39 .And what about that other dinner-party killer: awkward silence? If you’re faced with an awkward silence at a dinner party, the only thing that always gets everyone talking again is to give the host a compliment(赞扬). 40 . Just quickly turn around and say, “This cake is extremely delicious and you have to tell me all about it.”So being interesting at a dinner party isn’t that hard.A. How do you know the hostB. The first step is to go exploringC. If you ask the question “How did you get here?”D. Be prepared to have awkward conversations with strangersE. Or turn the conversation into a topic where they have little to sayF. What about that person who had too much to drink or won’t stop talkingG. He or she is the person who is feeling the weight of that awkwardness the most2020A Few Tips for Self-AcceptanceWe all want it… to accept and love ourselves. But at times it seems too difficult and too far out of reach. __36__ Here’sa handful of ways that will set you in the right direction.●__37__ Do not follow the people who make you feel not-good-enough. Why do you follow them? Are you hoping that eventually you will feel empowered because your life is better than theirs? Know that your life is your own; you are the only you in this world.●Forgive yourself for mistakes that you have made. We are often ashamed of our shortcomings, our mistakes and our failures. __38__ You will make mistakes, time and time again. Rather than getting caught up in how you could have done better, why not offer yourself a compassionate (有同情心) response? “That didn’t go as planned. But, I tried my best.”●Recognize all of your strengths. Write them down in a journal. Begin to train your brain to look at strength before weakness. List all of your accomplishments and achievements. You have a job, earned your degree, and you got out of bed today. __39__●Now that you’ve listed your strengths, list your imperfections. Turn the page in your journal. Put into words why you feel unworthy, why you don’t feel good enough. Now, read these words back to yourself. __40__ Turn to a page in your journal to your list of strengths and achievements. See how awesome you are?A. Feeling upset again?B. Where do you start?C. Nothing is too small to celebrate.D. Remember, you are only human.E. Set an intention for self-acceptance.F. Stop comparing yourself with others.G. When does the comparison game start?2019Is Fresh Air Really Good for You?We all grew up hearing people tell us to “go out and get some fresh air”. 36 According to recent studies, the answer is a big YES, if the air quality in your camping area is good.37 If the air you’re breathing is clean — which it would be if you’re away from the smog of cities — then the air is filled with life-giving, energizing oxygen. If you exercise out of doors, your body will learn to breathe more deeply, allowing even more oxygen to get to your muscles(肌肉) and your brain.Recently, people have begun studying the connection between the natural world and healing(治愈). 38 In these places patients can go to be near nature during their recovery. It turns out that just looking at green, growing things can reduce stress, lower blood pressure, and put people into a better mood(情绪). Greenery is good for us. Hospital patients who see tree branches out their window are likely to recover at a faster rate than patients who see buildings or sky instead. 39 It gives us a great feeling of peace.40 While the sun’s rays can age and harm our skin, they also give us beneficial Vitamin D. To make sure you get enough Vitamin D — but still protect your skin — put on sunscreen right as you head outside. It takes sunscreen about fifteen minutes to start working, and that’s plenty of time for your skin to absorb a day’s worth of Vitamin D.A. Fresh air cleans our lungs.B. So what are you waiting for?C. Being in nature refreshes us.D. Another side benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight.E. But is fresh air really as good for you as your mother always said?F. Just as importantly, we tend to associate fresh air with health care.G. All across the country, recovery centers have begun building Healing Gardens.2018Color is fundamental in home design -- something you’ll always have in every room. A grasp of how to manage color in your spaces is one of the first steps to creating rooms you'll love to live in. Do you want a room that's full of life? Professional? Or are you just looking for a place to relax after a long day? 36 , color is the key to making a room feel the way you want it to feel.Over the years, there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach this important point.37 , they can get a little complex. But good news is that there’re really only three kinds of decisions you need to make about color in your home: the small ones, the medium ones, and the large ones.38 . They’re the little spots of color like throw pillows, mirrors and baskets that most of us use to add visual interest to our rooms. Less tiring than painting your walls and less expensive than buying a colorful sofa, small color choices bring with them the significant benefit of being easily changeable.Medium color choices are generally furniture pieces such as sofas, dinner tables or bookshelves. 39 . They require a bigger commitment than smaller ones, and they have a more powerful effect on the feeling of a space.The large color decisions in your rooms concern the walls, ceilings, and floors. Whether you're looking at wallpaper or paint, the time, effort and relative expense put into it are significant. 40 .A. While all of them are usefulB. Whatever you're looking forC. If you're experimenting with a colorD. Small color choices are the ones we’re most familiar withE. It's not really a good idea to use too many small color piecesF. So it pays to be sure, because you want to get it right the first timeG. Color choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways2017If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping, I would have laughed heartily. Campers, in my eyes, were people who enjoyed insect bites, ill-cooked meals, and uncomfortable sleeping bags. They had nothing in common with me. 36The friends who introduced me to camping thought that it meant to be a pioneer. 37 We slept in a tent, cooked over an open fire, and walked a long distance to take the shower and use the bathroom. This brief visit with Mother Nature cost me two days off from work, recovering from a bad case of sunburn and the doctor’s bill for my son’s food poisoning.I was, nevertheless, talked into going on another fun-filled holiday in the wilderness. 38 Instead, we had a pop-up camper with comfortable beds and an air conditioner. My nature-loving friends had remembered to bring all the necessities of life.39 We have done a lot of it since. Recently, we bought a twenty-eight-foot travel trailer complete with a bathroom and a built-in TV set. There is a separate bedroom, a modern kitchen with a refrigerator. The trailer even has matching carpet and curtains.40 It must be true that sooner or later, everyone finds his or her way back to nature. I recommend that you find your way in style.A. This time there was no tent.B. Things are going to be improved.C. The trip they took me on was a rough one.D. I was to learn a lot about camping since then, however.E. I must say that I have certainly come to enjoy camping.F. After the trip, my family became quite interested in camping.G. There was no shade as the trees were no more than 3 feet tall.2016Secret codes(密码) keep messages private. Banks, companies, and government agencies use secret codes in doing business, especially when information is sent by computer.People have used secret codes for thousands of years. 36 Code breaking never lags(落后) far behind code making. The science of creating and reading coded messages is called cryptography.There are three main types of cryptography. 37 For example, the first letters of “My elephant eats too many eels” Spell out the hidden message “Meet me”.38 You might represent each letter with a number, for example. Let’s number the letters of the alphabet, in order, from 1 to 26. If we substitute a number for each letter, the message “Meet me” would read “13 5 5 20 13 5”.A code uses symbols to replace words, phrases, or sentences. To read the message of a real code, you must have a code book. 39 For example, “bridge” might stand for “meet” and “out” might stand for “me.” The message “Bridge out” would actually mean “Meet me”. 40 However, it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long. So codes must be changed frequently.A. It is very hard to break a code without the code book.B. In any language, some letters are used more than others.C. Only people who know the keyword can read the message.D. As long as there have been codes, people have tried to break them.E. You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out.F. With a code book, you might write down words that would stand for other words.G. Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet.2015Building Trust in a Relationship AgainTrust is a learned behavior that we gain from past experiences. 36 That is a risk. But you can’t be successful when there’s a lack of trust in a relationship that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake.Unfortunately, we’ve all been victims of betrayal. Whether we’ve been stolen from, lied to, misled, or cheated on, there are different levels of losing trust. Sometimes people simply can’t trust anymore. 37 It’s understandable, but if you’re willing to build trust in a relationship again, we have some steps you can take to get you there.●38 Having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because you can see what the best outcome would be for your well-being.●39 If you’ve been betrayed, you are the victim of your circumstance. But there’s a difference between being a victim and living with a “victim mentality”. At some point in all of our lives, we’ll have our trust tested or violated.●You didn’t lose “everything”. Once trust is lost, what is left? Instead of looking at the situation from this hopeless angle, look at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life. 40 Instead, it’s a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth and forgiveness.A. Learn to really trust yourself.B. It is putting confidence in someone.C. Stop regarding yourself as the victim.D. Remember that you can expect the best in return.E. They’ve been too badly hurt and they can’t bear to let it happen again.F. This knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships.G. Seeing the positive side of things doesn’t mean you’re ignoring what happened.2014The jobs of the future have not yet been invented. 36 By helping them develop classic skills that will serve themwell no matter what the future holds.1. CuriosityYour children need to be deeply curious. 37 Ask kids, “What ingredients(配料) can we add to make these pancakes even better next time?” and then try them out. Ingredients make the pancakes better? What could we try next time?2. CreativityTrue creativity is the ability to take something existing and create something new. 38 There are a dozen different things you can do with them. Experimenting with materials to create something new can go a long way in helping them develop their creativity.3. Personal skillsUnderstanding how others feel can be a challenge for kids. We know what’s going on inside our own head, but what about others? Being able to read people helps kid from misreading a situation and jumping to false conclusions. 39 “Why do you think she’s crying?” “Can you tell how that man is feeling by looking at his face?” “If someone were to do that to you, how would you feel?”4. Self Expression40 There are many ways to express thoughts and ideas –music, acting, drawing, building, photography. You may find that your child is attracted by one more than another.A. Encourage kids to cook with you.B. And we can’t forget science education.C. We can give kids chances to think about materials in new ways.D. So how can we help our kids prepare for jobs that don’t yet exist?E. Gardening is another great activity for helping kids develop this skill.F. We can do this in real life or ask questions about characters in stories.G. Being able to communicate ideas in a meaningful way is a valuable skill.2013Business is organized approach to providing customers with the goods and services they want. The word business alsorefers to an organization that provides these goods and services. Most businesses seek to make a profit (利润) —that is, they aim to achieve income that is more than the costs of operating the business. __71__ Commonly called nonprofits, these organizations are primarily nongovernmental service providers. __72__Business management is a term used to describe the techniques of planning, direction, and control of the operations of a business. __73__ One is the establishment (制定) of broad basic policies with respect to production; sales; the purchase of equipment, materials and supplies; and accounting. __74__ The third relates to the establishment of standards of work in all departments. Direction is concerned primarily with supervision (监管) and guidance by the management in authority. __75__A. Control includes the use of records and reports to compare actual work with the set standards for work.B. In this connection there is the difference between top management and operative management.C. Examples of nonprofit business include such organizations as social service agencies and many hospitals.D. However, some businesses only seek to earn enough to cover their operating costs.E. The second aspect relates to the application of these policies by departments.F. In the theory of business management, organization has two main aspects.G. Planning in business management has three main aspects.2022年答案：36. D 37. E 38. G 39. A 40. F2021年答案：BCFEG2020年答案：BFDCA2019年答案：EAGCD2018年答案：BADGF2017年答案：DCAFE2016年答案：DEGFA2015年答案：36. B 37. E 38. A 39. C 40. G2014年答案：DACFG2013年答案：DCGEA11。
2019年全国卷Ⅰ高考卷(含答案)
2019年全国卷Ⅰ高考语文试卷（含答案）一、现代文阅读（36分）（一）论述类文本阅读（本题共3小题，9分）阅读下面的文字，完成1～3题。
材料一：文化传承与教育文化是生命的花朵。
离开文化，社会和谐与发展就失去了根基。
文化的传承，需要教育来完成。
教育不仅要传递文化，更要通过创造性转化，使文化焕发新的生命力。
教育对文化的传承，不是简单的复制和传递，而是文化的选择、批判和创造。
在人类文明史上，教育始终扮演着重要的角色。
从古希腊的雅典学院，到我国的孔子私学，再到今天的现代教育体系，教育一直是文化传承的重要载体。
教育通过培养人的道德品质、知识素养和创新能力，为文化的传承和发展提供了有力保障。
然而，在现代社会，文化的传承面临着诸多挑战。
一方面，全球化带来了文化的多元交融，不同文化之间的冲突和融合成为常态；另一方面，科技的快速发展，尤其是互联网的普及，使文化传承的方式发生了深刻变革。
在这样的背景下，教育如何更好地承担起文化传承的使命，成为亟待解决的问题。
A. 教育对文化的传承不仅仅是复制和传递，还包括文化的选择、批判和创造。
B. 教育通过培养人的道德品质、知识素养和创新能力，为文化的传承和发展提供保障。
C. 在现代社会，全球化对文化传承的挑战主要表现为文化的多元交融。
D. 科技的发展，尤其是互联网的普及，使文化传承的方式发生了深刻变革。
2. 下列对材料一的理解，不正确的一项是（）A. 文化传承需要教育来完成，教育是文化传承的重要载体。
B. 教育在文化传承中具有选择、批判和创造的功能。
C. 现代社会文化的传承面临全球化带来的多元交融和科技发展的挑战。
D. 教育在文化传承中的角色和作用是一成不变的。
3. 根据材料一，下列说法正确的一项是（）A. 教育在文化传承中只起到传递的作用。
B. 文化传承与教育的关系是相互独立的。
C. 现代社会，教育需要不断创新，以适应文化传承的新挑战。
D. 科技的发展对文化传承没有产生影响。
近年高考真题——语文(全国Ⅰ卷)版精校版含答案,推荐文档
绝密★启用前2017年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试语文注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名和座位号填写在答题卡上。
2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。
回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。
写在本试卷上无效。
3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
一、现代文阅读（35分）（一）论述类文本阅读（本题共3小题，9分）阅读下面的文字，完成1~3题。
气候正义是环境主义在气候变化领域的具体发展和体现。
2000年前后，一些非政府组织承袭环境正义运动的精神。
开始对气候变化的影响进行伦理审视，气候正义便应运而生。
气候正义关注的核心主要是在气候容量有限的前提下，如何界定各方的权利和义务，主要表现为一种社会正义或法律正义。
从空间维度来看，气候正义涉及不同国家和地区之间公平享有气候容量的问题，也涉及一国内部不同区域之间公平享有气候容量的问题，因而存在气候变化的国际公平和国内公平问题，公平原则应以满足人的基本需求作为首要目标，每个人都有义务将自己的“碳足迹”控制在合理范围之内。
比如说，鉴于全球排放空间有限，而发达国家已实现工业化，在分配排放空间时，就应首先满足发展中国家在衣食住行和公共基础设施建设等方面的基本发展需求，同时遇到在满足基本需求之上的奢侈排放。
从时间维度上来看，气候正义涉及当代人与后代之间公平享有气候容量的问题，因而存在代际权利义务关系问题。
这一权利义务关系，从消极方面看，体现为当代人如何约束自己的行为来保护地球气候系统，以将同等质量的气候系统交给后代；从积极方面看，体现为当代人为自己及后代设定义务，就代际公平而言，地球上的自然资源在代际分配问题上应实现代际共享，避免“生态赤字”。
因为，地球这个行星上的自然资源包括气候资源，是人类所有成员，包括上一代、这一代和下一代，共同享有和掌管的。
我们这一代既是受益人，有权使用并受益于地球，又是受托人，为下一代掌管地球。
历年高考数学真题(全国卷整理版)
参考公式：如果事件A 、B 互斥，则球的外表积公式如果事件A 、B 相互独立，则其中R 表示球的半径()()()P A B P A P B =球的体积公式如果事件A 在一次试验中发生的概率是p ，则334V R π=n 次独立重复试验中事件A 恰好发生k 次的概率其中R 表示球的半径普通高等学校招生全国统一考试一、选择题1、 复数131ii-++= A 2+I B 2-I C 1+2i D 1- 2i 2、集合A ＝{1.3. m }，B ＝{1，m} ,AB ＝A, 则m=A 0或3B 0或3C 1或3D 1或3 3 椭圆的中心在原点，焦距为4 一条准线为*=-4 ，则该椭圆的方程为A 216x +212y =1B 212x +28y =1C 28x +24y =1D 212x +24y =1 4 正四棱柱ABCD- A 1B 1C 1D 1中，AB=2，CC 1=22 E 为CC 1的中点，则直线AC 1与平面BED 的距离为A 2B 3C 2D 1〔5〕等差数列{a n }的前n 项和为S n ，a 5=5，S 5=15，则数列的前100项和为(A)100101 (B) 99101 (C) 99100 (D) 101100〔6〕△ABC 中，AB 边的高为CD ，假设a ·b=0，|a|=1，|b|=2，则(A)〔B 〕 (C) (D)〔7〕α为第二象限角，sin α＋sin β=33，则cos2α=(A)5-3〔B 〕5-9 (C)59 (D)53〔8〕F1、F2为双曲线C：*²-y²=2的左、右焦点，点P在C上，|PF1|=|2PF2|，则cos∠F1PF2=(A)14〔B〕35 (C)34 (D)45〔9〕*=lnπ，y=log52，12z=e，则(A)*＜y＜z 〔B〕z＜*＜y (C)z＜y＜* (D)y＜z＜*(10) 函数y＝*²-3*+c的图像与*恰有两个公共点，则c＝〔A〕-2或2 〔B〕-9或3 〔C〕-1或1 〔D〕-3或1〔11〕将字母a,a,b,b,c,c,排成三行两列，要求每行的字母互不一样，梅列的字母也互不一样，则不同的排列方法共有〔A〕12种〔B〕18种〔C〕24种〔D〕36种〔12〕正方形ABCD的边长为1，点E在边AB上，点F在边BC上，AE＝BF＝73。
2023年新高考全国一卷英语真题及答案解析
2023年新高考全国Ⅰ卷英语真题及答案解析本试卷共12页。
考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
注意事项:1.答题前,考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号码填写清楚,将条形码准确粘贴在考生信息条形码粘贴区。
2.选择题必须使用2B铅笔填涂;非选择题必须使用0.5毫米黑色字迹的签字笔书写,字体工整、笔迹清楚。
3.请按照题号顺序在答题卡各题目的答题区域内作答,超出答题区域书写的答案无效;在草稿纸、试卷上答题无效。
4.作图可先使用铅笔画出,确定后必须用黑色字迹的签字笔描黑。
5.保持卡面清洁,不要折叠,不要弄破、弄皱,不准使用涂改液、修正带、刮纸刀。
第一部分听力（1-20小题）在笔试结束后进行。
第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
ABike Rental&Guided ToursWelcome to Amsterdam,welcome to MacBike.You see much more from the seat of a bike! Cycling is the most economical,sustainable and fun way to explore the city,with its beautiful canals,parks,squares and countless lights.You can also bike along lovely landscapes outside of Amsterdam.Why MacBikeMacBike has been around for almost30years and is the biggest bicycle rental company in Amsterdam.With over2,500bikes stored in our five rental shops at strategic locations,we make sure there is always a bike available for you.We offer the newest bicycles in a wide variety, including basic bikes with foot brake(刹车),bikes with hand brake and gears(排挡),bikes with child seats,and children’s bikes.PricesHand Brake,Three Gears Foot Brake,No Gears1hour€7.50€5.003hours€11.00€7.501day(24hours)€14.75€9.75Each additional day€8.00€6.00Guided City ToursThe2.5-hour tour covers the Gooyer Windmill,the Skinny Bridge,the Rijksmuseum, Heineken Brewery and much more.The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour, starting at1:00pm every day.You can buy your ticket in a MacBike shop or book online.1.What is an advantage of MacBike?A.It gives children a discount.B.It of offers many types of bikes.C.It organizes free cycle tours.D.It has over2,500rental shops.2.How much do you pay for renting a bike with hand brake and three gears for two days?A.€15.75.B.€19.50.C.€22.75.D.€29.50.3.Where does the guided city tour start?A.The Gooyer,Windmill.B.The Skinny Bridge.C.Heineken Brewery.D.Dam Square.【答案】1.B 2.C 3.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。
历年全国I卷英语高考真题(含答案)(41页)
历年全国I卷英语高考真题（含答案）（41页）一、听力部分（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1. W: Did you watch the basketball game last night?M: Yes, it was exciting. The score was tied until the last minute.2. W: Excuse me, is this the right way to the library?M: Yes, it is. Just go straight and you'll see it on your left.3. W: I can't believe you finished reading that thickbook in just one week.M: Well, I had to. It's required reading for my literature class.4. W: Why don't you go to the gym more often?M: I would, but it's always so crowded after work.5. W: Can you believe it's already December? Time flies.M: Yeah, it feels like we just started the semester.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
全国卷Ⅰ2023年新高考数学真题及答案解析(多解版)
绝密★启用前2023年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试数学一、选择题：本题共8小题，每小题5分，共40分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。
1.已知集合{}2,1,0,1,2M =--，{}260N x x x =--≥，则M N = （）A.{}2,1,0,1-- B.{}0,1,2 C.{}2- D.2【答案】C 【解析】方法一：因为{}(][)260,23,N x x x ∞∞=--≥=--⋃+，而{}2,1,0,1,2M =--，所以M N ⋂={}2-．故选：C ．方法二：因为{}2,1,0,1,2M =--，将2,1,0,1,2--代入不等式260x x --≥，只有2-使不等式成立，所以M N ⋂={}2-．故选：C ．2.已知1i22iz -=+，则z z -=（）A.i -B.iC.0D.1【答案】A 【解析】因为()()()()1i 1i 1i 2i 1i 22i 21i 1i 42z ----====-++-，所以1i 2z =，即i z z -=-．故选：A ．3.已知向量()()1,1,1,1a b ==-，若()()a b a b λμ+⊥+ ，则（）A.1λμ+=B.1λμ+=-C.1λμ= D.1λμ=-【答案】D 【解析】因为()()1,1,1,1a b ==- ，所以()1,1a b λλλ+=+- ，()1,1a b μμμ+=+-，由()()a b a b λμ+⊥+可得，()()0a b a b λμ+⋅+= ，即()()()()11110λμλμ+++--=，整理得：1λμ=-．故选：D ．4.设函数()()2x x a f x -=在区间()0,1上单调递减，则a 的取值范围是（）A.(],2-∞- B.[)2,0- C.(]0,2 D.[)2,+∞【答案】D 【解析】函数2x y =在R 上单调递增，而函数()()2x x a f x -=在区间()0,1上单调递减，则有函数22()()24a a y x x a x =-=--在区间()0,1上单调递减，因此12a ≥，解得2a ≥，所以a 的取值范围是[)2,+∞.故选：D5.设椭圆2222122:1(1),:14x x C y a C y a +=>+=的离心率分别为12,e e ．若21e =，则=a （）A.3B.C.D.【答案】A 【解析】由21e =，得22213e e =，因此2241134a a --=⨯，而1a >，所以233a =.故选：A 6.过点()0,2-与圆22410x y x +--=相切的两条直线的夹角为α，则sin α=（）A.1B.154C.104D.64【答案】B 【解析】方法一：因为22410x y x +--=，即()2225x y -+=，可得圆心()2,0C ，半径r =，过点()0,2P -作圆C 的切线，切点为,A B ，因为PC ==，则PA ==可得106sin44APC APC ∠==∠=，则10615sin sin 22sin cos 2444APB APC APC APC ∠=∠=∠∠=⨯⨯=，22226101cos cos 2cos sin 0444APB APC APC APC ⎛⎫⎛∠=∠=∠-∠=-=-< ⎪ ⎪ ⎝⎭⎝⎭，即APB ∠为钝角，所以()15sin sin πsin 4APB APB =-∠=∠=α；法二：圆22410x y x +--=的圆心()2,0C，半径r =，过点()0,2P -作圆C 的切线，切点为,A B ，连接AB ，可得PC ==，则PA PB ===，因为22222cos 2cos PA PB PA PB APB CA CB CA CB ACB +-⋅∠=+-⋅∠且πACB APB ∠=-∠，则()336cos 5510cos πAPB APB +-∠=+--∠，即3cos 55cos APB APB -∠=+∠，解得1cos 04APB ∠=-<，即APB ∠为钝角，则()1cos cos πcos 4APB APB =-∠=-∠=α，且α为锐角，所以15sin 4α==；方法三：圆22410x y x +--=的圆心()2,0C ，半径r =，若切线斜率不存在，则切线方程为0y =，则圆心到切点的距离2d r =>，不合题意；若切线斜率存在，设切线方程为2y kx =-，即20kx y --=，=，整理得2810k k ++=，且644600∆=-=>设两切线斜率分别为12,k k ，则12128,1k k k k +=-=，可得12k k -==所以1212tan 1k k k k -==+α，即sin cos αα=，可得cos =α，则2222sin sin cos sin 115+=+=αααα，且π0,2α⎛⎫∈ ⎪⎝⎭，则sin 0α>，解得15sin 4α=.故选：B.7.记n S 为数列{}n a 的前n 项和，设甲：{}n a 为等差数列；乙：{}nS n为等差数列，则（）A.甲是乙的充分条件但不是必要条件B.甲是乙的必要条件但不是充分条件C.甲是乙的充要条件D.甲既不是乙的充分条件也不是乙的必要条件【答案】C 【解析】方法一，甲：{}n a 为等差数列，设其首项为1a ，公差为d ，则1111(1)1,,222212n n n n S S S n n n d d dS na d a d n a n n n +--=+=+=+--=+，因此{}nS n为等差数列，则甲是乙的充分条件；反之，乙：{}nS n为等差数列，即111(1)1(1)(1)n n n n n n S S nS n S na S n n n n n n +++-+--==+++为常数，设为t ，即1(1)n nna S t n n +-=+，则1(1)n n S na t n n +=-⋅+，有1(1)(1),2n n S n a t n n n -=--⋅-≥，两式相减得：1(1)2n n n a na n a tn +=---，即12n n a a t +-=，对1n =也成立，因此{}n a 为等差数列，则甲是乙的必要条件，所以甲是乙的充要条件，C 正确.方法二，甲：{}n a 为等差数列，设数列{}n a 的首项1a ，公差为d ，即1(1)2n n n S na d -=+，则11(1)222n S n d d a d n a n -=+=+-，因此{}n S n 为等差数列，即甲是乙的充分条件；反之，乙：{}nS n 为等差数列，即11,(1)1n n n S S S D S n D n n n+-==+-+，即1(1)n S nS n n D =+-，11(1)(1)(2)n S n S n n D -=-+--，当2n ≥时，上两式相减得：112(1)n n S S S n D --=+-，当1n =时，上式成立，于是12(1)n a a n D =+-，又111[22(1)]2n n a a a nD a n D D +-=+-+-=为常数，因此{}n a 为等差数列，则甲是乙的必要条件，所以甲是乙的充要条件.故选：C 8.已知()11sin ,cos sin 36αβαβ-==，则()cos 22αβ+=（）．A.79 B.19C.19-D.79-【答案】B 【解析】因为1sin()sin cos cos sin 3αβαβαβ-=-=，而1cos sin 6αβ=，因此1sin cos 2αβ=，则2sin()sin cos cos sin 3αβαβαβ+=+=，所以2221cos(22)cos 2()12sin ()12()39αβαβαβ+=+=-+=-⨯=.故选：B 二、选择题：本题共4小题，每小题5分，共20分．在每小题给出的选项中，有多项符合题目要求．全部选对的得5分，部分选对的得2分，有选错的得0分.9.有一组样本数据126,,,x x x ⋅⋅⋅，其中1x 是最小值，6x 是最大值，则（）A.2345,,,x x x x 的平均数等于126,,,x x x ⋅⋅⋅的平均数B.2345,,,x x x x 的中位数等于126,,,x x x ⋅⋅⋅的中位数C.2345,,,x x x x 的标准差不小于126,,,x x x ⋅⋅⋅的标准差D.2345,,,x x x x 的极差不大于126,,,x x x ⋅⋅⋅的极差【答案】BD 【解析】对于选项A ：设2345,,,x x x x 的平均数为m ，126,,,x x x ⋅⋅⋅的平均数为n ，则()()165234123456234526412x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x n m +-+++++++++++-=-=，因为没有确定()1652342,x x x x x x ++++的大小关系，所以无法判断,m n 的大小，例如：1,2,3,4,5,6，可得 3.5m n ==；例如1,1,1,1,1,7，可得1,2m n ==；例如1,2,2,2,2,2，可得112,6m n ==；故A 错误；对于选项B ：不妨设123456x x x x x x ≤≤≤≤≤，可知2345,,,x x x x 的中位数等于126,,,x x x ⋅⋅⋅的中位数均为342x x +，故B 正确；对于选项C ：因为1x 是最小值，6x 是最大值，则2345,,,x x x x 的波动性不大于126,,,x x x ⋅⋅⋅的波动性，即2345,,,x x x x 的标准差不大于126,,,x x x ⋅⋅⋅的标准差，例如：2,4,6,8,10,12，则平均数()12468101276n =+++++=，标准差13s =，4,6,8,10，则平均数()14681074m =+++=，标准差2s =，显然53>，即12s s >；故C 错误；对于选项D ：不妨设123456x x x x x x ≤≤≤≤≤，则6152x x x x -≥-，当且仅当1256,x x x x ==时，等号成立，故D 正确；故选：BD.10.噪声污染问题越来越受到重视．用声压级来度量声音的强弱，定义声压级020lgp pL p =⨯，其中常数()000p p >是听觉下限阈值，p 是实际声压．下表为不同声源的声压级：声源与声源的距离/m声压级/dB已知在距离燃油汽车、混合动力汽车、电动汽车10m 处测得实际声压分别为123,,p p p ，则（）．A.12p p ≥B.2310p p >C.30100p p =D.12100p p ≤【答案】ACD 【解析】由题意可知：[][]12360,90,50,60,40p p p L L L ∈∈=，对于选项A ：可得1212100220lg20lg 20lg p p p p p L L p p p =-⨯=⨯-⨯，因为12p p L L ≥，则121220lg0p p p L L p =-⨯≥，即12lg 0pp ≥，所以121p p ≥且12,0p p >，可得12p p ≥，故A 正确；对于选项B ：可得2332200320lg20lg 20lg p p p p pL L p p p =-⨯=⨯-⨯，因为2324010p p p L L L -=-≥，则2320lg10p p⨯≥，即231lg 2p p ≥，所以23p p ≥23,0p p >，可得23p ≥，当且仅当250p L =时，等号成立，故B 错误；对于选项C ：因为33020lg40p p L p =⨯=，即30lg 2pp =，可得3100p p =，即30100p p =，故C 正确；对于选项D ：由选项A 可知：121220lgp p p L L p =-⨯，且12905040p p L L ≤-=-，则1220lg40p p ⨯≤，即12lg2p p ≤，可得12100pp ≤，且12,0p p >，所以12100p p ≤，故D 正确；故选：ACD.11.已知函数()f x 的定义域为R ，()()()22f xy y f x x f y =+，则（）．A.()00f =B.()10f =C.()f x 是偶函数 D.0x =为()f x 的极小值点【答案】ABC 【解析】方法一：因为22()()()f xy y f x x f y =+，对于A ，令0x y ==，(0)0(0)0(0)0f f f =+=，故A 正确.对于B ，令1x y ==，(1)1(1)1(1)f f f =+，则(1)0f =，故B 正确.对于C ，令1x y ==-，(1)(1)(1)2(1)f f f f =-+-=-，则(1)0f -=，令21,()()(1)()y f x f x x f f x =--=+-=，又函数()f x 的定义域为R ，所以()f x 为偶函数，故C 正确，对于D ，不妨令()0f x =，显然符合题设条件，此时()f x 无极值，故D 错误.方法二：因为22()()()f xy y f x x f y =+，对于A ，令0x y ==，(0)0(0)0(0)0f f f =+=，故A 正确.对于B ，令1x y ==，(1)1(1)1(1)f f f =+，则(1)0f =，故B 正确.对于C ，令1x y ==-，(1)(1)(1)2(1)f f f f =-+-=-，则(1)0f -=，令21,()()(1)()y f x f x x f f x =--=+-=，又函数()f x 的定义域为R ，所以()f x 为偶函数，故C 正确，对于D ，当220x y ≠时，对22()()()f xy y f x x f y =+两边同时除以22x y ，得到2222()()()f xy f x f y x y x y=+，故可以设2()ln (0)f x x x x =≠，则2ln ,0()0,0x x x f x x ⎧≠=⎨=⎩，当0x >肘，2()ln f x x x =，则()212ln (2ln 1)x x x x xf x x =+⋅=+'，令()0f x '<，得120ex -<<；令()0f x ¢>，得12e x ->；故()f x 在120,e -⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭上单调递减，在12e ,-⎛⎫+∞ ⎪⎝⎭上单调递增，因为()f x 为偶函数，所以()f x 在12,0e -⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭上单调递增，在12,e -⎛⎫ ⎪⎝∞⎭-上单调递减，显然，此时0x =是()f x 的极大值，故D 错误.故选：ABC .12.下列物体中，能够被整体放入棱长为1（单位：m ）的正方体容器（容器壁厚度忽略不计）内的有（）A.直径为0.99m 的球体B.所有棱长均为1.4m 的四面体C.底面直径为0.01m ，高为1.8m 的圆柱体D.底面直径为1.2m ，高为0.01m 的圆柱体【答案】ABD 【解析】对于选项A ：因为0.99m 1m <，即球体的直径小于正方体的棱长，所以能够被整体放入正方体内，故A 正确；对于选项B 1.4>，所以能够被整体放入正方体内，故B 正确；对于选项C 1.8<，所以不能够被整体放入正方体内，故C 正确；对于选项D ：因为1.2m 1m >，可知底面正方形不能包含圆柱的底面圆，如图，过1AC 的中点O 作1OE AC ⊥，设OE AC E =I ，可知1131,=2AC CC AC ===，则11tan CC OE CAC AC AO ∠==，=，解得64OE =，且2263990.6482425⎛==>= ⎝⎭，即0.64>，故以1AC 为轴可能对称放置底面直径为1.2m 圆柱，若底面直径为1.2m 的圆柱与正方体的上下底面均相切，设圆柱的底面圆心1O ，与正方体的下底面的切点为M ，可知：111,0.6AC O M O M ⊥=，则1111tan CC O MCAC AC AO ∠==，10.6AO =，解得1AO =，根据对称性可知圆柱的高为2 1.732 1.21.4140.03520.01-⨯≈-⨯=>，所以能够被整体放入正方体内，故D 正确；故选：ABD.三、填空题：本题共4小题，每小题5分，共20分．13.某学校开设了4门体育类选修课和4门艺术类选修课，学生需从这8门课中选修2门或3门课，并且每类选修课至少选修1门，则不同的选课方案共有________种（用数字作答）．【答案】64【解析】（1）当从8门课中选修2门，则不同的选课方案共有144116C C =种；（2）当从8门课中选修3门，①若体育类选修课1门，则不同的选课方案共有1244C C 24=种；②若体育类选修课2门，则不同的选课方案共有2144C C 24=种；综上所述：不同的选课方案共有16242464++=种.故答案为：64.14.在正四棱台1111ABCD A B C D -中，1112,1,AB A B AA ===的体积为________．【答案】6【解析】【分析】结合图像，依次求得111,,AO AO A M ，从而利用棱台的体积公式即可得解.【详解】如图，过1A 作1A M AC ⊥，垂足为M ，易知1A M 为四棱台1111ABCD A B C D -的高，因为1112,1,AB A B AA ===则1111111111222222A O A C B AO AC ==⨯⨯====故()111222AM AC A C =-=，则162A M ===，所以所求体积为1676(41326V =⨯++⨯=.故答案为：766.15.已知函数()cos 1(0)f x x ωω=->在区间[]0,2π有且仅有3个零点，则ω的取值范围是________．【答案】[)2,3【解析】【分析】令()0f x =，得cos 1x ω=有3个根，从而结合余弦函数的图像性质即可得解.【详解】因为02x π≤≤，所以02x πωω≤≤，令()cos 10f x x ω=-=，则cos 1x ω=有3个根，令t x ω=，则cos 1t =有3个根，其中[0,2π]t ω∈，结合余弦函数cos y t =的图像性质可得4π2π6πω≤<，故23ω≤<，故答案为：[)2,3.16.已知双曲线2222:1(0,0)x y C a b a b-=>>的左、右焦点分别为12,F F ．点A 在C 上，点B 在y 轴上，11222,3F A F B F A F B ⊥=-，则C 的离心率为________．【答案】355【解析】方法一：依题意，设22AF m =，则2113,22BF m BF AF a m ===+，在1Rt ABF 中，2229(22)25m a m m ++=，则(3)()0a m a m +-=，故a m =或3a m =-（舍去），所以124,2AF a AF a ==，213BF BF a ==，则5AB a =，故11244cos 55AF a F AF ABa ∠===，所以在12AF F △中，2221216444cos 2425a a c F AF a a +-∠==⨯⨯，整理得2259c a =，故355c e a ==.方法二:依题意，得12(,0),(,0)F c F c -，令()00),,(0,A x y B t ，因为2223F A F B =- ，所以()()002,,3x c y c t -=--，则00235,3x c y t ==-，又11F A F B ⊥ ，所以()1182,,33F A F B c t c t ⎛⎫⋅=-⎪⎝⎭ 2282033c t =-=，则224t c =，又点A 在C 上，则2222254991c t a b -=，整理得2222254199c t a b -=，则22222516199c c a b-=，所以22222225169c b c a a b -=，即()()2222222225169cca a c a c a --=-，整理得424255090c c a -+=，则()()22225950c a ca --=，解得2259c a =或225c a =，又1e >，所以5e =或5e =（舍去），故5e =.故答案为：355.四、解答题：本题共6小题，共70分．解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤．17.已知在ABC 中，()3,2sin sin A B C A C B +=-=．（1）求sin A ；（2）设5AB =，求AB 边上的高．【答案】（1）31010（2）6【解析】【小问1详解】3A B C += ，π3C C ∴-=，即π4C =，又2sin()sin sin()A C B A C -==+，2sin cos 2cos sin sin cos cos sin A C A C A C A C ∴-=+，sin cos 3cos sin A C A C ∴=，sin 3cos A A ∴=，即tan 3A =，所以π02A <<，sin10A∴==.【小问2详解】由（1）知，10cos10A==，由sin sin()B A C=+sin cos cos sin)210105A C A C=+==，由正弦定理，sin sinc bC B=，可得255522b⨯==，11sin22AB h AB AC A∴⋅=⋅⋅，sin610h b A∴=⋅==.18.如图，在正四棱柱1111ABCD A B C D-中，12,4AB AA==．点2222,,,A B C D分别在棱111,,AA BB CC,1DD上，22221,2,3AA BB DD CC====．（1）证明：2222B C A D∥；（2）点P在棱1BB上，当二面角222P A C D--为150︒时，求2B P．【答案】（1）证明见解析；（2）1【解析】【小问1详解】以C为坐标原点，1,,CD CB CC所在直线为,,x y z轴建立空间直角坐标系，如图，则2222(0,0,0),(0,0,3),(0,2,2),(2,0,2),(2,2,1)C C B D A ，2222(0,2,1),(0,2,1)B C A D ∴=-=-，2222B C A D ∴ ∥，又2222B C A D ，不在同一条直线上，2222B C A D ∴∥.【小问2详解】设(0,2,)(04)P λλ≤≤，则22222(2,2,2)(0,2,3),=(2,0,1),A C PC D C λ=--=---，设平面22PA C 的法向量(,,)n x y z =，则22222202(3)0n A C x y z n PC y z λ⎧⋅=--+=⎪⎨⋅=-+-=⎪⎩ ，令2z =，得3,1y x λλ=-=-，(1,3,2)n λλ∴=--，设平面222A C D 的法向量(,,)m a b c =，则2222222020m A C a b c m D C a c ⎧⋅=--+=⎪⎨⋅=-+=⎪⎩ ，令1a =，得1,2==b c ，(1,1,2)m ∴=，2263cos ,cos150264(1)(3)n m n m n m λλ⋅∴==︒=+-+- ，化简可得，2430λλ-+=，解得1λ=或3λ=，(0,2,1)P ∴或(0,2,3)P ，21B P ∴=.19.已知函数()()e xf x a a x =+-．（1）讨论()f x 的单调性；（2）证明：当0a >时，()32ln 2f x a >+．【答案】（1）答案见解析（2）证明见解析【解析】【小问1详解】因为()()e xf x a a x =+-，定义域为R ，所以()e 1xf x a '=-，当0a ≤时，由于e 0x >，则e 0x a ≤，故()0e 1xf x a -'=<恒成立，所以()f x 在R 上单调递减；当0a >时，令()e 10xf x a '=-=，解得ln x a =-，当ln x a <-时，()0f x '<，则()f x 在(),ln a -∞-上单调递减；当ln x a >-时，()0f x ¢>，则()f x 在()ln ,a -+∞上单调递增；综上：当0a ≤时，()f x 在R 上单调递减；当0a >时，()f x 在(),ln a -∞-上单调递减，()f x 在()ln ,a -+∞上单调递增.【小问2详解】方法一：（函数最值）由（1）得，()()()ln min 2ln ln ln e 1af a a x a f a a a --+=++=+=，要证3()2ln 2f x a >+，即证2312ln 2ln a a a ++>+，即证21ln 02a a -->恒成立，令()()21ln 02g a a a a =-->，则()21212a g a a a a-'=-=，令()0g a '<，则202a <<；令()0g a '>，则22a >；所以()g a 在20,2⎛⎫⎪ ⎪⎝⎭上单调递减，在2,2⎛⎫+∞ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭上单调递增，所以()2min 2212ln ln 02222g a g ⎛⎫⎛==--=⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭，则()0g a >恒成立，所以当0a >时，3()2ln 2f x a >+恒成立，证毕.方法二：（切线放缩1x e x ≥+）令()e 1xh x x =--，则()e 1xh x '=-，由于e x y =在R 上单调递增，所以()e 1xh x '=-在R 上单调递增，又()00e 10h '=-=，所以当0x <时，()0h x '<；当0x >时，()0h x '>；所以()h x 在(),0∞-上单调递减，在()0,∞+上单调递增，故()()00h x h ≥=，则e 1x x ≥+，当且仅当0x =时，等号成立，因为()2ln 22()e e eln 1xx x af x a a x a a x a x x a a x +=+-=+-=+-≥+++-，当且仅当ln 0x a +=，即ln x a =-时，等号成立，所以要证3()2ln 2f x a >+，即证23ln 12ln 2x a a x a +++->+，即证21ln 02a a -->，令()()21ln 02g a a a a =-->，则()21212a g a a a a-'=-=，令()0g a '<，则02a <<；令()0g a '>，则2a >；所以()g a 在20,2⎛⎫⎪ ⎪⎝⎭上单调递减，在2,2⎛⎫+∞ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭上单调递增，所以()2min 1ln ln 02222g a g ⎛⎫⎛==--= ⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭，则()0g a >恒成立，所以当0a >时，3()2ln 2f x a >+恒成立，证毕.方法三：（切线放缩ln 1x x ≤-）由（1）得，()()()ln min 2ln ln ln e1af a a x a f a a a --+=++=+=，要证3()2ln 2f x a >+，即证2312ln 2ln a a a ++>+，即证21ln 02a a -->恒成立，又因为221110224a a a ⎛⎫-+=-+> ⎪⎝⎭，所以2112a a ->-，而ln 1a a ≤-，所以21ln 2a a ->，故3()2ln 2f x a >+成立，得证明.方法四：（同构+切线放缩）当0a >时，要证3()2ln 2f x a >+，即证明()32ln 2x a e a x a +->+，只需证：232ln 02x ae x a a -+-->，即证()()ln 22211ln 11ln 022x a e x a a a a +-+++--+>，因为1x e x ≥+，故()ln ln 10x a e x a +-++≥，因为ln 1x x ≤-，故()2211ln 02a a --≥，又2102a >，故()()ln 22211ln 11ln 022x a e x a a a a +-+++--+>成立，即3()2ln 2f x a >+成立，得证明.20.设等差数列{}n a 的公差为d ，且1d >．令2n nn nb a +=，记,n n S T 分别为数列{}{},n n a b 的前n 项和．（1）若2133333,21a a a S T =++=，求{}n a 的通项公式；（2）若{}n b 为等差数列，且999999S T -=，求d ．【答案】（1）3n a n =（2）5150d =【解析】【小问1详解】21333a a a =+ ，132d a d ∴=+，解得1a d =，32133()6d d S a a =+==∴，又31232612923T b b b d d d d=++=++=，339621S T d d∴+=+=，即22730d d -+=，解得3d =或12d =（舍去），1(1)3n a a n d n∴=+-⋅=.【小问2详解】{}n b 为等差数列，2132b b b ∴=+，即21312212a a a =+，2323111616()d a a a a a ∴-==，即2211320a a d d -+=，解得1a d =或12a d =，1d > ，0n a ∴>，又999999S T -=，由等差数列性质知，5050999999a b -=，即50501a b -=，505025501a a ∴-=，即2505025500a a --=，解得5051a =或5050a =-（舍去）当12a d =时，501495151a a d d =+==，解得1d =，与1d >矛盾，无解；当1a d =时，501495051a a d d =+==，解得5150d =.综上，5150d =.21.甲、乙两人投篮，每次由其中一人投篮，规则如下：若命中则此人继续投籃，若末命中则换为对方投篮．无论之前投篮情况如何，甲每次投篮的命中率均为0.6，乙每次投篮的命中率均为0.8．由抽签确定第1次投篮的人选，第1次投篮的人是甲、乙的概率各为0.5．（1）求第2次投篮的人是乙的概率；（2）求第i 次投篮的人是甲的概率；（3）已知：若随机变量i X 服从两点分布，且()()110,1,2,,i i i P X P X q i n ==-===⋅⋅⋅，则11n ni i i i E X q ==⎛⎫= ⎪⎝⎭∑∑．记前n 次（即从第1次到第n 次投篮）中甲投篮的次数为Y ，求()E Y ．【答案】（1）0.6（2）1121653i -⎛⎫⨯+ ⎪⎝⎭（3）52()11853nnE Y ⎡⎤⎛⎫=-+⎢⎥ ⎪⎝⎭⎢⎥⎣⎦【解析】【小问1详解】记“第i 次投篮的人是甲”为事件i A ，“第i 次投篮的人是乙”为事件i B ，所以，()()()()()()()21212121121||P B P A B P B B P A P B A P B P B B =+=+()0.510.60.50.80.6=⨯-+⨯=.【小问2详解】设()i i P A p =，依题可知，()1i i P B p =-，则()()()()()()()11111||i i i i i i i i i i i P A P A A P B A P A P A A P B P A B +++++=+=+，即()()10.610.810.40.2i i i i p p p p +=+-⨯-=+，构造等比数列{}i p λ+，设()125i i p p λλ++=+，解得13λ=-，则1121353i i p p +⎛⎫-=- ⎪⎝⎭，又11111,236p p =-=，所以13i p ⎧⎫-⎨⎬⎩⎭是首项为16，公比为25的等比数列，即11112121,365653i i i i p p --⎛⎫⎛⎫-=⨯=+ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭．【小问3详解】因为1121653i i p -⎛⎫=⨯+ ⎪⎝⎭，1,2,,i n =⋅⋅⋅，所以当*N n ∈时，()122115251263185315nnnn n E Y p p p ⎛⎫- ⎪⎡⎤⎛⎫⎝⎭=+++=⨯+=-+⎢⎥ ⎪⎝⎭⎢⎥⎣⎦- ，故52()11853nnE Y ⎡⎤⎛⎫=-+⎢⎥ ⎪⎝⎭⎢⎥⎣⎦．22.在直角坐标系xOy 中，点P 到x 轴的距离等于点P 到点10,2⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭的距离，记动点P 的轨迹为W ．（1）求W 的方程；（2）已知矩形ABCD 有三个顶点在W 上，证明：矩形ABCD的周长大于【答案】（1）214y x =+（2）见解析【解析】【小问1详解】设(,)P x y ,则y =，两边同平方化简得214y x =+，故21:4W y x =+.【小问2详解】法一：设矩形的三个顶点222111,,,,,444A a a B b b C c c ⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫+++ ⎪ ⎪ ⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭在W 上,且a b c <<，易知矩形四条边所在直线的斜率均存在，且不为0，则1,AB BC k k a b b c =⋅-+<+,令2240114AB k b a b a b am ⎛⎫+-+ ⎪⎝=+⎭==<-，同理令0BC k b c n =+=>，且1mn =-，则1m n=-，设矩形周长为C ,由对称性不妨设||||m n ≥，1BC AB k k c a n m n n-=-=-=+，则11||||(((2C AB BC b a c b c a n n ⎛=+=--≥-=+ ⎝.0n >，易知10n n ⎛+> ⎝则令()222111()1,0,()22f x x x x f x x x x x x '⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫=++>=+- ⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭,令()0f x '=，解得22x =，当0,2x ⎛⎫∈ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭时，()0f x '<，此时()f x 单调递减，当2,2x ⎛⎫∈+∞ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭，()0f x '>，此时()f x 单调递增，则min 227()24f x f ⎛⎫== ⎪⎪⎝⎭，故122C ≥=,即C ≥.当C =时,2,2n m ==,且((b a b a -=-m n =时等号成立，矛盾，故C >得证.法二：不妨设,,A B D 在W 上，且BA DA ⊥，依题意可设21,4A a a ⎛⎫+⎪⎝⎭，易知直线BA ，DA 的斜率均存在且不为0，则设BA ,DA 的斜率分别为k 和1k-，由对称性，不妨设1k ≤，直线AB 的方程为21()4y k x a a =-++，则联立22141()4y x y k x a a ⎧=+⎪⎪⎨⎪=-++⎪⎩得220x kx ka a -+-=，()()222420k ka a k a ∆=--=->，则2k a≠则||2|AB k a =-，同理||2AD a =，||||2|2AB AD k a a ∴+=-1122k a ak k ⎫≥-++≥+=⎪⎭令2k m =，则(]0,1m ∈，设32(1)1()33m f m m m m m +==+++，则2221(21)(1)()23m m f m m m m '-+=+-=，令()0'=f m ，解得12m =，当10,2m ⎛⎫∈ ⎪⎝⎭时，()0f m '<，此时()f m 单调递减，当1,2m ⎛⎫∈+∞⎪⎝⎭，()0f m '>，此时()f m 单调递增，则min 127()24f m f ⎛⎫==⎪⎝⎭，||||2AB AD ∴+≥，12|2|2|2k a a k a a k ⎫-≥-++⎪⎭，此处取等条件为1k =，与最终取等时22k =不一致，故332AB AD +>.法三：为了计算方便,我们将抛物线向下移动14个单位得抛物线2:W y x '=,矩形ABCD 变换为矩形A B C D '''',则问题等价于矩形A B C D ''''的周长大于设()()()222001122,,,,,B t t A t t C t t ''',根据对称性不妨设00t ≥.则1020,A B B C k t t k t t ''''=+=+,由于A B B C ''''⊥,则()()10201t t t t ++=-.由于1020,A B t B C t ''''=-=-,且0t 介于12,t t 之间,则1020A B B C t t ''''+=-+-.令20tan t t θ+=,10πcot ,0,2t t θθ⎛⎫+=-∈ ⎪⎝⎭,则2010tan ,cot t t t t θθ=-=--,从而))002cot tan 2A B B C t t θθ''''+=++-故330022222(cos sin )11sin cos sin cos 2sin cos cos sin sin cos sin cos t A B B C t θθθθθθθθθθθθθθ''''-+⎛⎫+=-++=+⎪⎝⎭①当π0,4θ⎛⎤∈ ⎥⎝⎦时,332222sin cos sin cos sin cos cos sin A B B C θθθθθθθθ''''++≥=+≥=≥②当ππ,42θ⎛⎫∈⎪⎝⎭时,由于102t t t <<,从而000cot tan t t t θθ--<<-,从而0cot tan 22t θθ-<<又00t ≥,故0tan 02t θ≤<,由此330222(cos sin )sin cos sin cos sin cos t A B B C θθθθθθθθ''''-++=+3323222sin (cos sin )(sin cos )sin cos 1cos sin cos sin cos cos sin θθθθθθθθθθθθθθ-+>+=+==2≥，当且仅当cos 3θ=时等号成立，故332A B B C''''+>，故矩形周长大于..。
2020年高考真题-理综(全国卷Ⅰ)(解析版)
2020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试理科综合能力测试注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。
回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。
3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
可能用到的相对原子质量：H 1 C 12 N 14 O 16 Na 23 Al 27 P 31 Cl 35.5 Ar 40 V51 Fe 56二、选择题：本题共8小题，每小题6分。
共48分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中，第1~5题只有一项符合题目要求，第6~8题有多项符合题目要求。
全部选对的得6分，选对但不全的得3分，有选错的得0分。
1.行驶中的汽车如果发生剧烈碰撞，车内的安全气囊会被弹出并瞬间充满气体。
若碰撞后汽车的速度在很短时间内减小为零，关于安全气囊在此过程中的作用，下列说法正确的是（）A. 增加了司机单位面积的受力大小B. 减少了碰撞前后司机动量的变化量C. 将司机的动能全部转换成汽车的动能D. 延长了司机的受力时间并增大了司机的受力面积【答案】D【解析】【详解】A．因安全气囊充气后，受力面积增大，故减小了司机单位面积的受力大小，故A错误；B．有无安全气囊司机初动量和末动量均相同，所以动量的改变量也相同，故B错误；C．因有安全气囊的存在，司机和安全气囊接触后会有一部分动能转化为气体的内能，不能全部转化成汽车的动能，故C错误；D．因为安全气囊充气后面积增大，司机的受力面积也增大，在司机挤压气囊作用过程中由于气囊的缓冲故增加了作用时间，故D正确。
故选D。
2.火星的质量约为地球质量的，半径约为地球半径的，则同一物体在火星表面与在地球表面受到的引力的比值约为（）A. 0.2B. 0.4C. 2.0D. 2.5【答案】B【解析】【详解】设物体质量为m，则在火星表面有在地球表面有由题意知有故联立以上公式可得故选B。
高考试题及答案全国卷1
高考试题及答案全国卷1一、选择题（每题3分，共30分）1. 下列词语中，没有错别字的一项是：A. 徇私舞弊B. 振聋发聩C. 罄竹难书D. 金榜提名答案：B2. 下列句子中，标点符号使用正确的一项是：A. 他问我：“你明天有空吗？”B. 他问我，你明天有空吗？C. 他问我：“你明天有空吗”？D. 他问我，你明天有空吗。
答案：A3. 下列句子中，没有语病的一项是：A. 通过这次活动，使我们认识到了团结协作的重要性。
B. 只有不断学习，才能提高自己的知识水平。
C. 他虽然年轻，但是经验丰富。
D. 为了避免不再发生类似事故，公司加强了安全教育。
答案：B4. 下列句子中，成语使用恰当的一项是：A. 他做事总是瞻前顾后，缺乏决断力。
B. 他做事总是雷厉风行，从不拖泥带水。
C. 他做事总是优柔寡断，缺乏果断。
D. 他做事总是犹豫不决，缺乏果断。
答案：B5. 下列句子中，修辞手法使用正确的一项是：A. 春天的校园，绿树成荫，花团锦簇，真是美不胜收。
B. 他的声音如同雷鸣，震耳欲聋。
C. 他像一只小鸟，自由自在地飞翔。
D. 他像一只蜜蜂，勤劳地工作。
答案：A6. 下列句子中，主谓一致的一项是：A. 学生们和老师一起参加了运动会。
B. 学生们和老师的参加，使得运动会更加精彩。
C. 学生们和老师参加运动会，使得运动会更加精彩。
D. 学生们和老师一起参加运动会，使得运动会更加精彩。
答案：D7. 下列句子中，时态使用正确的一项是：A. 我昨天已经完成了作业。
B. 我昨天完成了作业。
C. 我昨天将要完成作业。
D. 我昨天完成作业。
答案：A8. 下列句子中，语序正确的一项是：A. 他不仅学习好，而且品德也好。
B. 他不仅品德好，而且学习也好。
C. 他不仅品德好，而且学习好。
D. 他不仅学习好，而且品德也好。
答案：D9. 下列句子中，关联词使用正确的一项是：A. 虽然他很努力，但是成绩还是不理想。
B. 尽管他很努力，成绩还是不理想。
2020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试[新高考全国卷Ⅰ]试题及答案解析
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8. 本文记建水城时，在饮食描写上花费了大量笔墨，对此你如何理解?
9. 本文采用空间和时间两条线索行文，请分别加以简析。
二、古代诗文阅读（35分）
（一）文言文阅读（本题共5小题，20分）
阅读下面的文言文，完成下面小题。
左光斗，字遗直，桐城人。万历三十五年进士。除中书舍人。选授御史，巡视中城。捕治吏部豪恶吏，获假印七十余，假官一百余人，辇下震悚，出理屯田，因条上三因十四议，诏悉允行，水利大兴，北人始知艺稻，邹元标尝曰：“三十年前，都人不知稻草何物，今所在皆稻，种水田利也，”阉人刘朝称东宫令旨，索戚畹废庄，光斗不启封还之，曰：“尺土皆殿下有，今日安敢私受。”阉人愤而去，杨涟劾魏忠贤，光斗与其谋，又与攀龙共发崔呈秀赃私，忠贤暨其党咸怒。及忠贤逐南星攀龙大中次将及涟光斗光斗愤甚草奏劾忠贤及魏广微三十二斩罪拟十一月二日上之先遣妻子南还忠贤诇知，先二日假会推事与涟俱削籍。群小恨不已，复构文言狱，入光斗名，遣使往逮。父老子弟拥马首号哭，声震原野，缇骑亦为雪涕。至则下诏狱酷讯。许显纯诬以受杨镐、熊廷弼贿，涟等初不承，已而恐以不承为酷刑所毙，冀下法司，得少缓死为后图。诸人俱自诬服，光斗坐赃二万。忠贤乃矫旨，仍令显纯五日一追比，不下法司，诸人始悔失计。容城孙奇逢者，节侠士也，与定兴鹿正以光斗有德于畿辅，倡议醵金，诸生争应之。得金数千，谋代输，缓其狱，而光斗与涟已同日为狱卒所毙，时五年七月二十有六日也，年五十一。光斗既死，赃犹未竟。忠贤令抚按严追，系其群从十四人。长兄光霁坐累死，母以哭子死。都御史周应秋犹以所司承追不力，疏趣之，由是诸人家族尽破。忠贤既诛，赠光斗右都御史，录其一子。已，再赠太子少保。福王时，追谥忠毅。
高考地理全国卷1(真题加答案解析)
2021年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试能力测试〔地理〕考前须知：Ⅰ卷〔选择题〕和第二卷〔非选择题〕两局部。
答题前，考生务必在将自己的姓名、考生号填写在答题卡上。
Ⅰ卷时，选出每题选出答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
写在试卷上无效。
Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在试卷上无效。
4.考试结束，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一卷一、选择题：此题共35小题，每题4分，共140分。
在每题给出第四个选项中，只有一项为哪一项符合题目要求的。
图1为我国东部地区某城市街道机动车道与两侧非机动车道绿化隔离带的景观比照照片，拍摄于2021年3月25日．数年前，两侧的绿化隔离带按同一标准栽种了常绿灌木；而如今，一侧灌木修剪齐整〔左图〕，另一侧那么杂树丛生，灌木零乱〔右图〕。
拍摄当日，这些杂树隐有绿色，新叶呼之欲出。
据此完成1—3题。
图11．当地自然植被属于A．常绿阔叶林B．落叶阔叶林C．常绿硬叶林D．针叶林2．造成图示绿化隔离带景观差异的原因可能是该街道两侧A．用地类型差异B．居民爱好差异C．景观规划差异D．行政管辖不同3．图示常绿灌木成为我国很多城市的景观植物，制约其栽种范围的主要自然因素是A．气温B．降水C．光照D．土壤德国海德堡某印刷机公司创始人及其合作者设计了轮转式印刷机，开创了现代印刷业的先河。
至1930年，海德堡已成立了6家大的印刷机公司。
同时，造纸，油墨和制版企业也先后在海德堡集聚。
产业集聚、挑剔的国内客户以及人力本钱高等因素的综合作用，不断刺激海德堡印刷机技术革新。
据此完成4—5题。
4．造纸、油墨和制版企业先后在海德堡集聚，可以节省A．市场营销本钱B．原料本钱C．劳动力本钱D．设备本钱5.海德堡印刷机在国际市场长期保持竞争优势，主要依赖于A.产量大C.款式新D. 质量优图2示意我国西北某闭合流域的剖面。
该流域气候较干，年均降水量仅为210毫米，但湖面年蒸发量可达2 000毫米，湖水浅，盐度饱和，水下已形成较好盐层，据此完成6-8题。
2023年新高考全国Ⅰ卷语文真题(含解析)
@备考资料首选通过无忧轻松拿下考试基础阶段—专业知识刷题阶段—重点题库冲刺阶段—押题点睛考点覆盖—精编习题紧扣考纲—直击考点历年真题—押题抢分本封面内容仅供参考，实际内容请认真预览本电子文本祝您考试顺利2023年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（新课标全国Ⅰ卷）语文注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号等填写在答题卡上。
2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。
写在本试卷上无效。
3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
一、现代文阅读（35分）（一）现代文阅读I（本题共5小题，19分）阅读下面的文字，完成下面小题。
对素食者和肠胃疾病患者来说，藜麦的发现是一个奇迹。
藜麦不含麸质，富含镁和铁，比其他种子含有更多的蛋白质，包括人体无法独自生成的必需的氨基酸。
美国宇航局宣布，藜麦是地球上营养最均衡的食物之一，是宇航员的理想之选。
产于安第斯山的藜麦有一个令西方消费者神往的传说：印加人非常重视藜麦，认为它是神圣的，并且称之为“万谷之母”。
不过，藜麦的爱好者却通过媒体发现了一个令人不安的事实。
从2006年到2013年，玻利维亚和秘鲁的藜麦价格上涨了两倍。
2011年，《独立报》称，玻利维亚的藜麦消费量“5年间下降了34％，当地家庭已经吃不起这种主食了，它已经变成了奢侈品”。
《纽约时报》援引研究报告称，藜麦种植区的儿童营养不良率正在上升。
2013年，《卫报》用煽动性标题提升了人们对这个问题的关注度：“素食者的肚子能装下藜麦令人反胃的事实吗？”该报称，贫穷的玻利维亚人和秘鲁人正在食用更加便宜的“进口垃圾食品”。
《独立报》2013年一篇报道的标题是“藜麦：对你有利--对玻利维亚人有害”。
这些消息传遍了全球，在健康饮食者之中引发了一场良心危机。
在社交媒体、素食博客和健康饮食论坛上，人们开始询问食用藜麦是否合适。
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绝密★启用前试卷类型：B 2008年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试理科综合能力测试本试卷共12页，满分360分，考试时间150分钟。
注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名，准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘巾在答题卡上指定位置。
2.选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔将答题卡上，对应题目的答案标号涂写，如写改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号，答在试题卷上无效。
3.非选择题用0.5毫米的黑色墨水签字夂答在答题卡上每题对应的答题区域内，答在试题卷上无效。
4.考试结束，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。
选择题共21小题，第小题6分，共126分。
以下数据可供解题时参考：相对原子质量（原子量）：H l C 12 O 16 Na 23 K 39Mn 55 Cu 64 Zn 65 Ag 108 Pb 207一、选择题（本题共8小题。
在每小题给出的四个选项中，有的只有一个选项正确，有的有多个选项正确，全部选对的得6分，选对但不全的得3分，有选错的得0分）14．如图所示，一物体自倾角为θ的固定斜面顶端沿水平方向抛出后落在斜面上。
物体与斜面接触时速度与水平方向的夹角φ满足A.tanφ=sinθB. tanφ=cosθC. tanφ=tanθD. tanφ=2tanθ15.如图，一辆有动力驱动的小车上有一水平放置的弹簧，其左端固定在小车上，右端与一小球相连，设在某一段时间内小球与小车相对静止且弹簧处于压缩状态，若忽略小球与小车间的摩擦力，则在此段时间内小车可能是A.向右做加速运动B.向右做减速运动C.向左做加速运动D.向左做减速运动16.一列简谐横波沿x轴传播，周期为T，t=0时刻的波形如图所示。
此时平衡位置位于x=3 m处的质点正在向上运动，若a、b两质点平衡位置的坐标分别为x a=2.5 m, x b=5.5 m,则A. 当a质点处在波峰时，b质点恰在波谷B. t=T/4时，a质点正在向y轴负方向运动C. t=3T/4时，b质点正在向y轴负方向运动D. 在某一时刻，a、b两质点的位移和速度可能相同17.已知太阳到地球与地球到月球的距离的比值约为390，月球绕地球旋转的周期约为27天.利用上述数据以及日常的天文知识，可估算出太阳对月球与地球对月球的万有引力的比值约为A.0.2B.2C.20D.20018.三个原子核X、Y、Z，X核放出一个正电子后变为Y核，Y核与质子发生核反应后生成Z核并放出一个个氦核（42He）。
则下面说法正确的是A. X核比Z核多一个质子B. X核比Z核少一个中子C. X核的质量数比Z核质量数大3D. X核与Z核的总电荷是Y核电荷的2倍19.已知地球半径约为6.4×106 m，空气的摩尔质量约为29×10-3 kg/mol，一个标准大气压约为1.0×105 Pa。
利用以上数据可估算出地球表面大气在标准状况下的体积为A. 4×1016 m3B. 4×1018 m3C. 4×1020 m3D. 4×1022 m320.矩形导线框abcd固定在匀强磁场中，磁感线的方向与导线框所在平面垂直。
规定磁场的正方向垂直纸面向里，磁感应强度B随时间变化的规律如图所示.若规定顺时针方向为感应电流I的正方向，下列各图中正确的是21.一束由红、蓝两单色光组成的光线从一平板玻璃砖的上表面以入射角θ射入，穿过玻璃砖自下表射出。
已知该玻璃对红光的折射率为1.5。
设红光与蓝光穿过玻璃砖所用的时间分别为t1和t2，则在θ从0°逐渐增大至90°的过程中A. t1始终大于t2B. t1始终小于t2C. t1先大于后小于t2D. t1先小于后大于t2非选择题共10大题，共174分22.（18分）Ⅰ.（6分）如图所示，两个质量各为m1和m2的小物块A和B，分别系在一条跨过定滑轮的软绳两端，已知m1＞m2，现要利用此装置验证机械能守恒定律。
（1）若选定物块A从静止开始下落的过程进行测量，则需要测量的物理量有。
（在答题卡上对应区域填入选项前的编号）①物块的质量m1、m2；②物块A下落的距离及下落这段距离所用的时间；③物块B上升的距离及上升这段距离所用的时间；④绳子的长度.（2）为提高实验结果的准确程度，某小组同学对此实验提出以下建议：①绳的质量要轻：②在“轻质绳”的前提下，绳子越长越好；③尽量保证物块只沿竖直方向运动，不要摇晃；④两个物块的质量之差要尽可能小.以上建议中确实对提高准确程度有作用的是。
（在答题卡上对应区域填入选项前的编号）（3）写出一条．．上面没有提到的提高实验结果准确程度有益的建议：。
Ⅱ.（12分）一直流电压表，量程为1 V，内阻为1000Ω。
现将一阻值为5000~7000Ω之间的固定电阻R1与此电压表串联，以扩大电压表的量程。
为求得扩大后量程的准确值，再给定一直流电源（电动势E为6~7 V，内阻可忽略不计），一阻值R2=2000Ω的固定电阻，两个单刀开关S1、S2及若干导线。
（1）为达到上述目的，将答题卡上对应的图连成一个完整的实验电路图。
（2）连线完成以后，当S1与S2均闭合时，电压表的示数为0.90 V；当S1闭合，S2断开时，电压表的示数为0.70 V。
由此可以计算出改装后电压表的量程为V，电源电动势为V。
已知O、A、B、C为同一直线上的四点，AB间的距离为l1，BC间的距离为l2，一物体自O点由静止出发，沿此直线做匀速运动，依次经过A、B、C三点，已知物体通过AB段与BC段所用的时间相等。
求O与A的距离。
24.（18分）图中滑块和小球的质量均为m，滑块可在水平放置的光滑固定导轨上自由滑动，小球与滑块上的悬点O由一不可伸长的轻绳相连，轻绳长为l。
开始时，轻绳处于水平拉直状态，小球和滑块均静止。
现将小球由静止释放，当小球到达最低点时，滑块刚好被一表面涂有粘住物质的固定挡板粘住，在极短的时间内速度减为零，小球继续向左摆动，当轻绳与竖直方向的夹角θ＝60°时小球达到最高点。
求（1）从滑块与挡板接触到速度刚好变为零的过程中，挡板阻力对滑块的冲量；（2）小球从释放到第一次到达最低点的过程中，绳的拉力对小球做功的大小。
25.（22分）如图所示，在坐标系xOy中，过原点的直线OC与x轴正向的夹角φ=120°，在OC右侧有一匀强电场；在第二、三象限内有一匀强磁场，其上边界与电场边界重叠、右边界为y轴、左边界为图中平行于y轴的虚线，磁场的磁感应强度大小为B，方向垂直纸面向里。
一带正电荷q、质量为m的粒子以某一速度自磁场左边界上的A点射入磁场区域，并从O点射出，粒子射出磁场的速度方向与x轴的夹角θ＝30°，大小为v。
粒子在磁场中的运动轨迹为纸面内的一段圆弧，且弧的半径为磁场左右边界间距的两倍。
粒子进入电场后，在电场力的作用下又由O点返回磁场区域，经过一段时间后再次离开磁场。
已知粒子从A点射入到第二次离开磁场所用的时间恰好等于粒子在磁场中做圆周运动的周期。
忽略重力的影响。
求（1）粒子经过A点时速度的方向和A点到x轴的距离；（2）匀强电场的大小和方向；（3）粒子从第二次离开磁场到再次进入电场时所用的时间。
参考答案第Ⅰ卷共21小题，每小题6分，共126分。
二、选择题：全部选对的给6分，选对但不全的给3分，有选错的给0分。
题号14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21答案 D AD C B CD B D B第Ⅱ卷共10题，共174分。
Ⅰ、（6分） （1）①②或①③（2）①③（3）例如：“对同一高度进行多次测量取平均值”；“选取受力后相对伸长尽量小的绳”；等等。
Ⅱ、（12分）（1）连线如图（2）7 6.323、（14分）设物体的加速度为a ，到达A 的速度为v 0，通过AB 段和BC 段所用的时间为t ，则有 20121at t v l +=……………………………………………① 202122at t v l l +=+………………………………………②联立①②式得 212at l l =-…………………………………………………③t v l l 02123=-………………………………………………④设O 与A 的距离为l ，则有a v l 220=………………………………………………………⑤ 联立③④⑤式得)(8)3(12221l l l l l --=………………………………………………………⑥24、（18分）（1）设小球第一次到达最低点时，滑块和小球速度的大小分别为1v 、2v ，则机械能守恒定律得mgl mv mv =+22212121……………………………………………………① 小球由最低点向左摆动到最高点时，则机械能守恒定律得)60cos 1(2122︒-=mgl mv ………………………………………………② 联立①②式得gl v v ==21……………………………………………………………③设所求的挡板阻力对滑块的冲量为I ，规定动量方向向右为正，有10mv I -=解得gl m I -=………………………………………………………………④（2）小球从开始释放到第一次到达最低点的过程中，设绳的拉力对小球做功为W ，由动能定理得2221mv W mgl =+………………………………………………………⑤ 联立③⑤式得 mgl 21W -=小球从释放到第一次到达最低点的过程中，绳的拉力对小球做功的大小为mgl 21。
25、（22分）（1）设磁场左边界与x 轴相交于D 点，与CO 相交于O ´点，则几何关系可知，直线OO ´与粒子过O 点的速度v 垂直。
在直角三角形OO ´D 中∠OO ´D =30º。
设磁场左右边界间距为d ，则OO ´=2d 。
依题意可知，粒子第一次进入磁场的运动轨迹的圆心即为O ´点，圆孤轨迹所对的圆心角为30º，且O ´A 为圆弧的半径R 。
由此可知，粒子自A 点射入磁场的速度与左边界垂直。
A 点到x 轴的距离)30cos 1(︒-=R AD …………①由洛仑兹力公式、牛顿第二定律及圆周运动的规律，得Rmv vB 2q =……………………② 联立①②式得⎪⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛-=231qB mv AD ……………③ （2）设粒子在磁场中做圆周运动的周期为T ，第一次在磁场中飞行的时间为t 1，有121T t =…………………………④ qBm T π2=………………………⑤ 依题意，匀强电场的方向与x 轴正向夹角应为150º。
由几何关系可知，粒子再次从O 点进入磁场的速度方向与磁场右边夹角为60º。
设粒子第二次在磁场中飞行的圆弧的圆心为O ''，O ''必定在直线OC 上。