[考试]Jvevpo水文地质术语及英文翻译技巧归纳.doc
水文学与水文地质学术语(英汉)
水文学与水文地质学英文术语河流阶地： river terrace面源： area source线源： line source点源： point source非点源： non-point sourcegroundwater 潜水groundwater artery 地下水干道groundwater barrier 地下水堡坝groundwater basin 地下水盆地groundwater capture 地下水袭夺groundwater cascade 地下水小瀑布groundwater cement 潜水泥groundwater dam 地下水坝groundwater discharge 地下水排泄groundwater divide 地下分水界groundwater flow 地下径流groundwater inventory 地下水总量目录groundwater level 地下水位groundwater mound 地下水土丘groundwater province 地下水区groundwater recession 地下水后退groundwater recession curve 地下水后退曲线groundwater reservoir 地下水储集groundwater runoff 地下径流groundwater simulation 地下模拟groundwater spring 潜水泉groundwater table 地下水位group 群exploitable groundwater 地下水可开采量groundwater depression cone 地下水下降漏斗字段名英文名站码 station code站名 station name站别 station category流域名称 basin name水系名称 hydrometric net code河流名称 river name施测项目码 item code of obervation行政区划码 administration division code水资源分区码 code of water resources regionalization设站年份 year of station establishment设站月份 month of station establishment撤站年份 year of withdrawal of station撤站月份 month of withdrawal of station集水面积 drainage area流入何处 flowing-to至河口距离 distance to river mouth基准基面名称 name of fiducial datum领导机关 leading agency (administration agency)管理单位 administration站址 station location东经 longitude北纬 latitude测站等级 grade of hydrometric station报汛等级 grade of Flood-Reporting Station备注 note站点码 station point code站点名 station point name测流方法 observation method控水目的 purpose of control water project控水工程类型 control water project type控水工程代码 code of control water project控水工程运行规则 operation regulation of control water project 推流参数 parameter of discharge computation引水点名 Location name of pumping排水点名 Location name of surface drainage实际最大灌溉面积 maximum area of practical irrigation上界站站码 station code of upper boundary station至上界站河段长 length of reach to upper bound station下界站站码 code of lower bound station至下界站河段长 length of reach to lower bound station高差基数 base of difference in elevation流域水系码 codes of hydrographic net of a basin调查资料来源单位 office recording investigation data区码 code of zone区名 zone name区类 zone type水体总容量 total capacity of water bodies灌溉水田面积 area of rice paddy irrigated灌溉面积 irrigation area城市人口 urban population工业总产值 gross industrial output value水库和水闸控制面积 drainage area of reservoir or weir or sluice调查面积 investigation area量算地图比例尺 scale of measured map连通试验可靠等级 reliability rank of connectivity pair test旁证资料可靠等级 reliability level of data witness面积成果合理性等级 reliability rank of area data直接上级区名 zone name of prime at first调查报告编号 investigation report number地理包含关系 geography contain relation站点类别 station point category年 year相关站码 correlative station code关系标识 relationship ID关系说明 relationship illustration主断面迁移号 migration numbers of main cross section断面名称 cross section name断面位置 location of cross section变动年份 changed Year变动月份 changed month变动日 changed day同系列标志 series marker变动情况 changed conditions水尺名称 gage name水尺型式 gage type水尺质料 material of gage自记台类型 type of stage recorder水尺位置 location of gage使用情况 use condition河段情况 river reach circumstance图类型 graph type图标题 graph title图 graphMIME类型 MIME type水准点编号 benchmark number水准点类型 benchmark type变动日期 date of Setup or change采用基面名称 adoption datum name冻结或测站基面以上高程 elevation above stationary datum绝对或假定基面以上高程 elevation above absolute or arbitrary datum绝对基面名称 name of absolute or arbitrary datum水准点型式 benchmark style水准点位置 benchmark location引据水准点编号 number of benchmark from which elevation is measured 变动原因 cause of change工程名称 engineering name工程名称代码 engineering name code开始蓄水年份 begin storing water year开始蓄水月份 begining month of storing water校核洪水位 check flood stage校核库容 check storage capacity of reservoir设计洪水位 design flood stage设计库容 reservoir capacity corresponding to DSFLZ正常高水位 normal high water level正常库容 Normal reservoir storage死水位 dead pool level死库容 dead reservoir capacity溢洪道号 spillway number竣工年份 completion year竣工月份 completion month溢洪道长度 spillway length溢洪道堰顶高程 elevation of spillway crest溢洪道堰顶宽 width of spillway crest溢洪道设计最大流量 maximum designed discharge of spillway 闸组号 gate group number孔型 type of sluice or hole孔数 count of sluice or hole孔高 sluice or hole height孔宽 sluice or hole width设计最大流量 maximum designed discharge of sluice or tunnel翼墙型式 wing wall type墩头型式 type of pier head of sluice or tunnel堰顶闸底形状 shape of weir crest or sluice bed设计灌溉面积 design irrigated area due to sluice or tunnel工程地址 location of engineering控制面积 control area总库容 total reservoir capacity最大实灌面积 actually irrigated area due to sluice or tunnel最大实引排水量 maximum volume of actual diversion or drainage 仪器口径 mouth diameter of rain gauge仪器精度 precision of rain gauge记录模式 recording mode获值模式 sensing mode绝对高程 elevation above absolute datum器口离地面高度 instrument height above ground非汛期观测段制 observation regime in nonflood season汛期观测段制 observation regime in flood season蒸发场位置特征 character of location of evaporation-gauging仪器型式 type of instrument(equipment)附近地势 nearby topography四周障碍物 obstacles around station起时间 beginning time止时间 end time时间 time起始日期 beginning date旬起始日期 beginning date of a period of ten days月 month日期 date降水量 precipitation降水量注解码 remark code of precipitation降水日数 number of precipitation days降水日数注解码 remark code of number of precipitation days最大降水量 maximum precipitation最大降水量时段长 maximum precipitation duration最大日降水量 maximum daily precipitation最大日降水量注解码 remark code of maximum daily precipitation最大日降水量出现日期 occurring date of maximum daily precipitation终霜日期 date of frost disappearance初霜日期 date of frost appearance终雪日期 date of snow disappearance初雪日期 date of snow appearance终冰日期 date of ice disappearance初冰日期 date of ice appearance蒸发器型式 type of evaporation equipment水面蒸发量 surface evaporation水面蒸发量注解码 remark code of evaporation最大日水面蒸发量 maximum daily evaporation最大日水面蒸发量注解码 remark code of maximum daily evaporation最大日水面蒸发量出现日期 occurring date of maximum daily evaporation最小日水面蒸发量 minimum daily surface evaporation最小日水面蒸发量注解码 remark code of minimum daily surface evaporation最小日水面蒸发量出现日期 occurring date of minimum daily surface evaporation 观测高度 observation height气温 air temperature气温注解码 remark code air temperature平均气温 average air temperature平均气温注解码 remark code of average air temperature最高气温 maximum air temperature最高气温注解码 remark code of maximum air temperature最高气温日期 date of maximum air temperature最低气温 minimum air temperature最低气温注解码 remark code of minimum air temperature最低气温日期 date of minimum air temperature水汽压 vapour pressure水汽压注解码 remark code of vapour pressure平均水汽压 average vapor pressure平均水汽压注解码 remark code of average vapor pressure水汽压力差 difference of vapour pressure水汽压力差注解码 remark code of difference of vapour pressure平均水汽压力差 average vapor pressure difference平均水汽压力差注解码 remark code of average vapor pressure difference 风速 wind velocity风速注解码 remark code of wind velocity平均风速 average wind velocity平均风速注解码 remark code of average wind velocity闸上水位 stage in Sluice Upstream闸上水位注解码 remark code of upsluice stage闸下水位 down sluice stage闸下水位注解码 remark code of downsluice stage坝上水位 stage behind dam坝上水位注解码 remark code of the stage behind dam水位 stage水位注解码 remark code of stage平均水位 average stage平均水位注解码 remark code of average stage最高水位 maximum stage最高水位注解码 remark code of maximum stage最高水位日期 occurring date of maximum stage最低水位 minimum stage最低水位注解码 remark code of date of minimum stage最低水位日期 date of minimum stage保证率 reliability of stage保证率水位 reliability stage保证率水位注解码 remark code of reliability stage流量 discharge平均流量 average discharge平均流量注解码 remark code of average discharge最大流量 maximum discharge最大流量注解码 remark code of maximum discharge最大流量日期 date of maximum discharge最小流量 minimum discharge最小流量注解码 remark code of minimum discharge最小流量日期 date of minimum discharge蓄水量 Reservoir Storage径流量 runoff径流量注解码 remark code of runoff径流模数 runoff modulus径流深 runoff in depth最大洪量时段长 duration of maximum flood volume最大洪量 maximum flood volume泥沙类型 sediment type含沙量 sediment concentration平均含沙量 average sediment concentration平均含沙量注解码 remark code of average sediment concentration最大含沙量 maximum sediment concentration最大含沙量注解码 remark code of maximum sediment concentration最大含沙量日期 date of maximum sediment concentration最小含沙量 minimum sediment concentration最小含沙量注解码 remark code of minimum sediment concentration最小含沙量日期 date of minimum sediment concentration平均输沙率 average sediment discharge平均输沙率注解码 remark code of average sediment discharge最大日平均输沙率 maximum average of daily sediment discharge最大日平均输沙率注解码 remark code of maximum average of daily sediment discharge最大日平均输沙率出现日期 occurring date of maximum average of daily sediment discharge 输沙量 sediment runoff输沙量注解码 remark code of sediment runoff输沙模数 sediment runoff modulus采样仪器型号 model number of sampling instrument采样效率系数 efficiency coefficient of sampling上限粒径 upper limit particle size平均沙重百分数 average percent of sediment weight中数粒径 median particle diameter平均粒径 average particle diameter最大粒径 maximum particle diameter水温 water temperature水温注解码 remark code of water temperature平均水温 average water temperature平均水温注解码 remark code of average water temperature最高水温 maximum water temperature最高水温注解码 remark code of maximum water temperature最高水温日期 occurring date of maximum water temperature最低水温 minimum water temperature最低水温注解码 remark code of minimum water temperature最低水温日期 date of minimum water temperature冰情注解码 remark code of ice condition河心冰厚 ice thickness at river center岸边冰厚 Thickness of Border Ice冰上雪深 snow depth on ice岸上气温 air temperature on bank解冻日期 date of ice break up封冻日期 ice freeze up date上半年封冻天数 number of actual freeze up days in first half of year下半年封冻天数 number of actual freeze up days in second half of year终止流冰日期 end date of ice run开始流冰日期 beginning date of ice run河心最大冰厚 maximum ice thickness at river center河心最大冰厚出现日期 occurring date of the maximum ice thickness at river center岸边最大冰厚 Maximum thickness of border Ice岸边最大冰厚出现日期 occurring date of maximum thickness of border ice最大流冰块长度 maximum length of ice floe最大流冰块宽度 maximum width of ice floe最大流冰块冰速 maximum velocity of ice floe断面平均冰速 average ice flow velocity at cross section最大冰上雪深 maximum snow depth on ice最大冰上雪深出现日期 occurring date of maximum snow depth on ice春季最大冰流量 maximum ice discharge in spring春季最大冰流量注解码 remark code of maximum ice discharge in spring春季最大冰流量日期 occurring date of ice discharge in spring冬季最大冰流量 maximum ice discharge in winter冬季最大冰流量注解码 remark code of occurring data of maximum ice discharge in winter 冬季最大冰流量日期 occurring data of maximum ice discharge in winter春季总冰流量 gross ice discharge in spring春季总冰流量注解码 remark code of gross ice discharge in spring冬季总冰流量 gross ice discharge in winter冬季总冰流量注解码 remark code of ice discharge in winter年总冰流量 yearly total ice discharge年总冰流量注解码 remark code yearly total ice discharge平均冰流量 average ice discharge平均冰流量注解码 remark code of average ice discharge总冰流量 total of ice discharge总冰流量注解码 remark code of total of ice discharge最大冰流量 maximum ice discharge最大冰流量注解码 remark code of maximum ice discharge最大冰流量日期 date of maximum ice discharge潮别 tidal type潮位 tidal level潮位注解码 remark code of tidal level潮差 tidal range历时 duration潮流量 tidal discharge潮量 tidal volume潮输沙率 tidal sediment discharge潮输沙量 tidal sediment runoff平均高潮潮位 average high tidal level平均高潮潮位注解码 remark of average high tidal level stage最高高潮位 Maximum high tidal stage最高高潮位注解码 remark code of Maximum high tidal stage最高高潮位出现时间 occurring time of Maximum high tidal stage最低高潮位 minimum high tidal stage最低高潮位注解码 remark code of minimum high water level最低高潮位出现时间 occurring time of minimum high tidal stage平均低潮潮位 average low tidal level平均低潮潮位注解码 remark of average low tidal level最高低潮位 maximum low tidal stage最高低潮位注解码 remark code of maxiumm low tidal stage最高低潮位出现时间 occurring time of maximum low tidal stage最低低潮位 minimum low tidal stage最低低潮位注解码 remark code of minimum low tidal stage最低低潮位出现时间 occurring time of minimum low tidal stage平均涨潮潮差 average of flood tide range平均涨潮潮差注解码 remark code of average of flood tide range最大涨潮潮差 maximum flood tidal range最大涨潮潮差注解码 remark code of maximum flood tidal range最大涨潮潮差(高潮)时间 time of maximum flood tidal range最小涨潮潮差 minimum flood tidal range最小涨潮潮差注解码 remark code of minimum flood tidal range最小涨潮潮差(高潮)时间 high tidal time of minimum flood tidal range平均落潮潮差 average ebb tide range平均落潮潮差注解码 remark code of average of ebb tidal range最大落潮潮差 maximum ebb tidal range最大落潮潮差注解码 remark code of maximum ebb tidal range最大落潮潮差(高潮)时间 high water occurring time of maximum ebb tidal range最小落潮潮差 minimum ebb tidal range最小落潮潮差注解码 remark code of minimum ebb tidal range最小落潮潮差(高潮)时间 high water occurring time of minimum ebb tidal range平均涨潮历时 average flood tidal duration平均涨潮历时注解码 remark code of average of flood tidal range最长涨潮历时 maximum flood tidal duration最长涨潮历时注解码 remark code of maximum flood tide duration最长涨潮历时(高潮)时间 high water occurring time of maximum flood tidal duration 最短涨潮历时 minimum flood tidal duration最短涨潮历时注解码 remark code of minimum flood tidal duration最短涨潮历时(高潮)时间 high tidal time of minimum flood tidal duration平均落潮历时 mean ebb tide duration平均落潮历时注解码 remark code of mean ebb tide duration最长落潮历时 maximum ebb tidal duration最长落潮历时注解码 remark code of maximum ebb tidal duration最长落潮历时(高潮)时间 high water occurring time of maximum ebb tidal duration 最短落潮历时 minimum ebb tidal duration最短落潮历时注解码 remark code of minimum ebb tidal duration最短落潮历时(高潮)时间 high tidal time of Minimum ebb tidal duration逐时平均潮位 hourly average tidal stage逐时平均潮位注解码 remark code of hourly average tidal stage平均潮差 average tide range平均潮差注解码 remark code of yearly average tide range平均历时 average tidal duration平均历时注解码 remark code of average tidal duration施测日期 beginning date of measurement测次号 observation number垂线号 numbers of typical verticals起点距 distance from initial point河底高程 river bed elevation河底高程注解码 remark code of river bed elevation测时水位 stage during observation测时水位注解码 remark code of stage during observation垂线方位 vertical azimuth断面名称及位置 cross section name and location测次说明 note引用施测日期 date of quoted observation引用测次号 number of quoted observation引用起始起点距 beginning distance from initial point引用终止起点距 end distance from initial point岸别符号 bank symbol痕迹类型 trace type日 day时 hour分 minute点编号 point code点详细位置 point detailed location点东经 point east longitude点北纬 point north latitude点高程 point elevation点参数 point parameter指认人及印象 witness man's impression目击和旁证可靠等级 reliability rank of witness痕迹和标志物可靠等级 reliability level of trace or flag估计误差范围 estimation error range调查日期 investigation date起始年 beginning year起始月 beginning month起始日 beginning day起始时 beginning hour起始分 beginning minute终止年 end year终止月 end month终止日 end day终止时 end hour终止分 end minute雨情描述 description of rainfall information重现期 Recurrence Interval重现期统计截止年 cut-off year of statistics of recurrence interval目击和水痕可靠等级 reliability rank of witness or trace承雨器障碍物可靠等级 reliability level of rain collector barrier before rainfall承雨器雨前可靠等级 reliability level of rain collector before rainfall承雨器漫溢渗漏可靠等级 reliability level of loss quantity of rain collector seepage or overflow 水位可靠等级 reliability level of stage推算流量方法 method of discharge computation水流边界 flow boundary推算流量资料可靠等级 reliability level of data used in discharge computation推算流量方法可靠等级 reliability level of method of discharge computation推算流量成果合理性等级 reliability level of discharge computation次水量 water volume of one flood水情描述 description of hydrological information流量施测号数 number of discharge observation测流起时间 beginning time of flow measurment测流止时间 end time of flow measurement测流方法 Method of flow measurement基本水尺水位 base gage stage流量注解码 remark code of discharge断面总面积 total of cross section area断面过水面积 wetted cross-section area断面面积注解码 remark code of cross section area断面平均流速 average flow velocity at a cross-section断面最大流速 maximum flow velocity at a cross-section水面宽 top width断面平均水深 Average water depth at cross section断面最大水深 maximum water depth水浸冰冰底宽 ice bottom width水浸冰冰底平均水深 ice bottom average depth水浸冰冰底最大水深 ice bottom maximum depth水面比降 surface slope糙率 roughness时段类别 category of interval水量类别 category of water quantity水量 water quantity水量测算方法 estimation method of water quantity年实测水量占比 percent of observation water-quantity in total水量计算方法可靠等级 reliability level of estimation method of water quantity水量成果合理性等级 fitness rank of water quantity data起时间闸(坝)上水位 upstream stage of beginning time起时间闸(坝)上水位注解码 remark code of upstream stage at beginning time起时间闸(坝)下水位 downstream stage at beginning time起时间闸(坝)下水位注解码 remark code of downstream stage of beginning time最大流量出现时间 Occurring Time of Maxmum Discharge实测蓄水变量 observed water storage调查蓄水变量 investigation storage实测灌溉还原水量 observed restoring water quantity in irrigation调查灌溉还原水量 restoring water quantity of investigation in irrigation水平梯田拦蓄地面径流量 surface water runoff catched by level terraced field工业生活还原水量 restoring water quantity of industrial water or domestic water实测工业生活还原水量 observed water quantity of industrial water or domestic water区内除涝排水量 water quantity of waterlogging control in zone实测区内除涝排水量 observed water quantity of waterlogging control in zone跨流域引水量 water quantity of interbasin transfer实测跨流域引水量 observed water quantity of interbasin transfer跨区回归水量 return flow in cross zone实测跨区回归水量 observed return flow in cross zone跨区回归水量测算方法 estimation method of return flow in cross zone跨区溃坝水量 water quantity of cross zone dam-break实测跨区溃坝水量 observed water quantity of cross zone dam-break跨区溃坝水量测算方法 estimation method of water quantity of cross zone dam-break溃坝还原水量 restoring water quantity in dam-break跨区分洪水量 water quantity of cross zone flood diversion实测跨区分洪水量 observed water quantity of cross zone flood diversion跨区分洪水量测算方法 estimation method of water quantity of cross zone flood diversion分洪还原水量 restoring water quantity of flood diversion跨区决口水量 water quantity of cross zone branching实测跨区决口水量 observed water quantity of cross zone branching跨区决口水量测算方法 estimation method of water quantity of cross zone branching决口还原水量 restoring water quantity of bursting暗河交换水量 exchanged water volume between underground rivers暗河交换水量估算方法 method of estimating exchanged water volume between underground rivers暗河交换水量参证站相似程度 similar level of bench-mark station of exchanged water volume between underground rivers暗河交换水量平衡程度 balance level of exchange water between underground rivers跨区渗漏水量 water quantity of cross zone seepage浅层地下水还原水量 restoring water quantity of shallow groundwater实测浅层地下水还原水量 observed restoring water quantity of shallow underground water浅层地下水还原水量测算方法 estimation method of restoring water quantity of shallow groundwater深层地下水还原水量 restoring water quantity of deep-layer groundwater实测深层地下水还原水量 observed restoring water quantity of deep layer underground water深层地下水还原水量测算方法 restoring water quantity of deep-layer groundwater泉水出露量 capacity of spring总进水量 total inflow runoff总出水量 total outflow runoff降水总量 precipitation蒸散发总量 total evapotranspiration蓄水水面蒸发增损水量 water quantity extracted by evaporation on water surface出口水体起时间水位 stage of overflow water body at beginning time出口水体起时间蓄水量 storage of overflow water body at beginning time输沙率施测号数 number of sediment discharge observation测沙起时间 beginning time of sediment concentration measurement测沙止时间 end time of sediment concentration measurement测沙断面位置 location of cross section for sediment concentration measurement取样方法 sampling method断面平均含沙量 average sediment concentration at cross-section断面平均含沙量注解码 remark code of average sediment concentration at cross section单样含沙量 index sediment concentration单样含沙量测验方法 observational method of index sediment concentration悬移质输沙率 suspended sediment discharge悬移质输沙率注解码 remark code of suspended sediment discharge推移质输沙率 bed load sediment discharge推移质输沙率注解码 remark code of bed load sediment discharge单样推移质输沙率 index bed load sediment discharge推移质平均底速 average velocity of bed load推移带宽度 width of bed load sediment discharge断面平均单宽输沙率 average sediment discharge in unit width at cross section垂线最大输沙率 maximum vertical sediment discharge垂线最大输沙率相应起点距 distance of maximum vertical sediment discharge from initial point 单断沙码 code of index or cross sectional sediment起始施测号 begin observation number终止施测号 end observation number取样起时间 beginning time of sampling取样止时间 end time of sampling沙重百分数 sediment weight percent最大颗粒重量 sediment maximum particle weight最大颗粒起点距 distance from initial point where measuring the maximum particle平均沉速 mean settling velocity施测水温 water temperature at measurement粒径分析方法 analysis method of particle side注解码 remark code沙量类别 category of silt-quantity沙量 silt-quantity沙量测算方法 estimation method of silt-quantity年实测沙量占比 percent of observation silt-quantity in total沙量测算方法可靠等级 reliability level of estimation method of silt-quantity沙量成果合理性等级 reliability level of silt-quantity data水量资料可靠等级 reliability level of water quantity source冲淤量 sediment quantity of scour-silt实测冲淤量 observed sediment quantity of scour-silt灌溉挟沙量 silt-quantity taked through irrigation实测灌溉挟沙量 observed sediment discharge of irrigation工业生活挟沙量 sediment discharge of industrial water or domestic water实测工业生活挟沙量 observed sediment discharge of industrial water or domestic water 跨流域引水挟沙量 silt-quantity taked through interbasin transfer实测跨流域引水挟沙量 observed sediment quantity taked by interbasin transfer溃坝冲淤量 sediment quantity of scour-silt in dam-break实测溃坝冲淤量 observed silt-quantity of scour-silt in dam-break分洪冲淤量 sediment quantity of scour-silt in flood diversion实测分洪冲淤量 observed silt-quantity of scour or sedimentation in flood diversion决口冲淤量 degradation or sedimentation in bursting实测决口冲淤量 observed sediment quantity of scour-silt in branching总进沙量 total inflow silt-quantity总出沙量 total outflow silt-quantity测次起时间 beginning time of observation测次止时间 end time of observation测验断面位置 location of cross section冰流量 ice discharge冰流量注解码 remark code of ice discharge断面平均疏密度 average ice compaction at cross section断面平均冰厚或冰花厚 average depth of ice or frazil slush at cross section敞露水面宽 open water width断面平均冰花密度 density of frazil slush at cross section冰花折算系数 adjustment factor of frazil slush测流断面位置 location of cross section代表垂线平均流速 average velocity on typical vertical潮流量注解码 remark code of tidal discharge代表垂线号 number of typical velocity vertical代表垂线流速 velocity of typical vertical潮流期编号 number of duration of tidal current潮流期起时间 beginning time of duration of tidal current潮流期止时间 end time of duration of tidal current测流前低潮潮位 low tidal level before flow measurement测流前低潮潮位出现时间 Occuring time of the low tidal level before flow measurement 高潮潮位 high tidal level高潮潮位出现时间 occurring time of high tidal level低潮潮位 low tidal level低潮潮位出现时间 occurring time of low tidal level开始落憩潮位 tidal level at beginning of ebb slack tide涨潮憩流潮位 flood slack tidal stage涨潮憩流潮位出现时间 occurring time of flood slack tide终止落憩潮位 tidal stage at end of ebb slack tide涨潮潮差 flood tidal range涨潮最大流速 maximum velocity of flood tide涨潮潮量 flood tidal volume涨潮潮量注解码 remark code of flood tidal volume涨潮潮流历时 flood tidal current duration涨潮平均流量 average discharge of flood tide涨潮平均流量注解码 remark code of average discharge of flood tide落潮潮差 ebb tide range落潮最大流速 maximum velocity of ebb tide落潮潮量 ebb tidal volume落潮潮量注解码 remark code of ebb tidal volume落潮潮流历时 ebb tidal current duration落潮平均流量 average discharge of ebb tide落潮平均流量注解码 remark code of average discharge of ebb tide净泄量 net outflow volume开闸时间 opening gate time关闸时间 closing gate time开闸前稳定水位 stable stage before sluicing闸上最高水位 Maximum stage in Sluice Upstream闸上最低水位 Minimum stage in Sluice Upstream闸下水位 Stage in Sluice Downstream水位差 stage difference有效潮差 effective tidal range一潮总水量 total water volume of single tide一潮总水量注解码 remark code of total water volume of single tide一潮历时 duration of single tide一潮平均流量 average discharge of single tide一潮平均流量注解码 remark code of average discharge of single tide一潮最大流量 maximum discharge of single tide一潮最大流量注解码 remark code of maximum discharge of single tide自变量名 name of independent variable自变量值 value of independent variable调查报告标题 investigation report title调查项目 investigation item调查年份 investigation year编写年份 redaction year调查单位 investigation office主编单位 Chief editorial unit调查报告内容 investigation report contents调查报告格式 investigation report format表标识 table ID时间残缺记录编号 number of time deformity record字段标识 field identifier取值 value率定次序号 serial number of rating闸上水头 head in Sluice Upstream闸下水头 Head in Sluice Downstream闸门开启平均高度 operation height of gate opening闸门开启平均高度注解码 remark code of operation height of gate opening 闸门开启孔数 count of operation gate opening闸门开启总宽 total width of gate-openings平均堰宽 average width of weir闸孔过水面积 area of wetted cross section of gate openings实测流量 observed discharge实测流量注解码 remark code of observed discharge流态 flow regime流量计算公式编号 formula number of discharge calculation流量系数 discharge coefficient流量系数注解码 remark code of discharge coefficient水闸型式 weir and sluice type翼墙形式 wing wall type平均引水角 average driving angle闸上河宽 upsluice river width闸下河宽 river width in sluice downstream闸门型式 weir gate type闸底高程 elevation of sluice bottom堰顶高程 elevation of weir crest堰顶形状 shape of weir crest总孔数 total number of gate openings单孔宽 single gate opening width of weir gate单孔宽注解码 remark code of gate opening width of weir gate平均孔宽 average of gate opening width总孔宽 total width of gate opening闸门高度 gate height平均开度 average gate opening height闸墩厚 thickness of pier机组号 group number of machines站上水位 upstation stage站下水位 downstation stage站上水头 upstation head开机功率 electric power generated or consumed开机台数 count of machines in operation开机叶片角度 vane angle of machines in operation叶轮直径 impeller diameter实际转速 practical speed of revolution出水阀过水面积 wetted area of outlet valve效率计算公式编号 formula number of efficiency calculation效率值 efficiency value效率值注解码 remark code of efficiency value机型 machine type装机台数 count of machine出水管路断面面积 wetted area of pipe line cross section标定转速 rated speed of revolution单机额定功率 single rated power单机设计流量 single design discharge设计扬程 design lift驼峰底高 hump bottom elevation起排水位 begining pumping stage关系线类别 relation curve category线号 curve number因变量名 dependent variable定线数据起时间 beginning time of the data for determining a relation curve 定线数据止时间 end time of routing location data定线数据下限自变量值 routing location lower limit independent variable 定线数据上限自变量值 routing location upper limit independent variable 线参数表达式 curve parameter expression关系图名 chart name适用期起时间 beginning time of application适用期止时间 end time of application定线点据总数 amount of points for determining a relation curve定线方法 method of determining a relation curve系统误差 systematic error随机不确定度 random error线上采样点编号 curve sample point number采样点自变量值 curve sample point independent variable采样点因变量值 curve sample point dependent variable计量单位 unit name。
地质学专业术语的翻译（精品PDF）
凹坑pool，chute白垩chalk白云化灰岩dolomitized limestone白云母muscovite白云石dolomite白云岩dolostone, dolomitite斑点构造mottled structure斑礁patch reef斑晶porphyrotope斑脱岩bentonite搬运作用transportation板状晶体laths半深海helmipelagic半自形晶subhedral棒形蛀木虫迹teredolites clavatus包卷层理convolute lamination包卷构造comvolute structure堡礁(障壁礁) barrier reef抱球虫软泥globigerina ooze比拟试验模式scaled experimental model 碧玉jasper边滩point bar辫状河braided channel标志层key bed标准偏差standard deviation表面结构surface texture表皮鲕superficial Oolits表栖动物epifauna表生成岩作用epidiagenesis表生作用epigenesis表土regolith滨湖亚相lake-shore滨面shoreface滨线shoreline冰雹痕hail impression冰川glacier冰-海沉积物glacier-marine sediment冰川相glacial facies冰碛物till冰碛岩tillite冰水沉积outwash波长wave length波高wave height波痕ripple波状层理wavy bedding剥离线理parting lineation不等粒inequigranular不整合unconformity槽痕flute槽模flute casts侧向沉积作用lateral sedimentation侧向加积lateral accretion测井沉积学well-logging sedimentology 测井相electrofacies层bed层间流interflow层孔虫stromatoporoid层理stratification，bedding，lamination 层流laminar flow层内溶解作用intrastratal solution层系set层系组coset层序地层学sequence stratigraphy次长石净砂岩subarkose次生孔隙secondary porosity次岩屑净砂岩sublitharenite长石feldspar长石砂岩feldspar sandstone长石净砂岩arkose长石净砂岩类arkosic arenite长石杂砂岩feldspathic greywacke长石杂砂岩类arkosic greywacke潮道tidal channel潮间带intertidal潮控三角洲tidal-dominated delta潮坪tidal flat潮上带supratidal潮汐层理tidal- bedding潮汐流ebb current潮汐三角洲tidal delta潮下带subtidal zone沉积分异作用sedimentary differentiation 沉积构造sedimentary structure沉积后作用postdeposition沉积环境depositional environment沉积模式sedimentary model沉积盆地sedimentary basin沉积铁矿sedimentary iron ores沉积物sediment沉积物重力流sediment gravity flow沉积相sedimentary（depositional）facies 沉积学sedimentology沉积岩sedimentary rocks沉积岩石学sedimentary petrology沉积作用sedimentation，deposition成分成熟度compositional matuarity成岩作用diagenesis赤铁矿hematite冲积平原alluvial plain冲积扇alluvial fan冲裂avulsion冲流swash冲流回流带zone of swash and backwash 冲刷痕scour mark冲洗交错层理swash bedding冲溢扇washover fan储层reservoir储油窗oil –windows床沙bed床沙形体bed form床沙载荷bed load吹程fetch垂向沉积作用vertical accretion丛藻迹chondrites粗砾cobble粗枝藻门dasyclads大潮spring tide大陆架continental shelf大陆隆continental rise大陆坡continental slope大洋盆地basin带穴迹taenidium带状迹teanidium袋状钻孔迹rogerella单杯迹monocraterion单成份砾岩oligomictic conglomerate 岛(弧)-海(沟)体系arc-trench system 岛弧island arc等深流contour current等深积岩contourite等趾迹isopodichnus等足迹isopodichnus低镁方解石low-magnesian calcite低弯度河道low-sinuosity channel低位体系域low-stand systems tract 堤岸bank底痕sole mark底积层bottomset底模solecast底栖生物benthos底载河道bedload channel地层strata地层倾斜录井dipmeter log地层水formation water地球化学geochemistry地球物理geophysics地震地层学seismic stratigraphy地震勘探seismic exploration递变层graded layer递变悬浮作用graded suspension典型浊积岩clastic turbidite电测井electric log叠层石stromatolite叠瓦状排列imbricate arrangement 顶积层topsets动态模式dynamic model动藻迹zoophycus豆粒pisolite段member对称波痕symmetrical ripple鲕粒oolite二叶石迹cruziana反递变层理reverse grading反沙丘层理antidune bedding反向递变的inversely graded泛滥盆地flood basin泛滥平原flood plain方沸石Analcime方解石calcite放射虫Radiolarians放射性测井radioactivity log非补偿（饥饿）沉积starved basin 非显晶质的aphanitic沸石zeolite分流河道distributary channel分流河口砂坝distributary-mouth bar 分流间湾interdistributary分选系数So分选作用sorting粉砂silt粉砂岩siltite,siltstone粉砂页岩silt shale球粒pellet风暴大潮storm surge风成eolian风成波痕eolian ripple,wind ripple风成交错层理aeolian cross bedding 风成岩eolianite风化作用weathering风生流wind-drift current风蚀deflation峰度curtosis缝合线stylolite弗劳德数Froude number浮游生物plankton腐泥sapropel负载（荷）构造load structure复成分砾岩polymictic conglomerate复理石flysch钙结层caliche干酪根kerogen干盐湖playa高岭石kaolinite高弯度河道high-sinuosity channel高位体系域high-stand systems tract根珊瑚迹rhizocoralliun耕作迹agrichnia沟模groove casts沟蠕形迹taphrhelminthopsis古拉迹paleohelcura古生态学paleoecology古生物paleontological古水流标志paleocurrent indicator古土壤paleosols古网迹palaeodictyon古斜坡paleoslope骨架岩framestone固着底栖生物sessile benthos光合作用photosynthesis硅镁层sima硅土，二氧化硅silica硅质silic-硅质碎屑siliciclastic国际沉积学家学会IAS(International Association of Sedimentologists) 海(湖)泛面flooding surface海(湖)滩beach海岸带coastal zone海底扇submarine fan海底峡谷submarine canyon海沟trench海进体系域transgressive systems tract 海浪sea wave海绿石glauconite海平面变化sea-level changes海平面升降eustasy海侵transgression海侵层序transgressive sequence海生迹thalassinoides海滩marine beach海滩脊ridge of a beach海相三角洲marine delta海洋ocean旱谷arroyo, wadi河床（道）channel河床滞留lag河底滞留沉积channel floor lag河控三角洲fluvial delta河口湾estuary河流相fluvial河漫overbank核形石oncilite褐铁矿limonite黑色页岩black shale黑云母biotite红藻植物门rhodophyta后滨backshore后成作用katagenesis,anadiagenesis弧间盆地interarc basin弧内盆地intra-arc basin弧前盆地forearc basin湖lake湖泊环境lacustrine environment湖泊相lacustrine湖面波动seiche湖沼学limnology滑[动]痕slide mark滑塌构造slump structure滑塌岩slumps还原硫酸盐细菌desulfouibrio,desulfomaculmi 还原作用reduction环境沉积学environmental sedimentology环线迹spirorhaphe黄铁矿pyrite黄土loess灰泥micrite灰泥岩mudstone灰质白云岩calcareous dolostone回流backflow，backwash混杂沉积岩diamicton混杂堆积物mélange混载荷流mixed-load channel火山弹bomb火山灰ash火山灰流ash flow火山角砾岩volcanic breccia火山块block火山泥石流lahar火山碎屑pyroclastic debris，tephra火山碎屑流pyroclastic flow火山碎屑岩pyroclastic rock火焰构造flame structure鸡笼状的chickenwire集合粒aggregate集块岩agglomerate加积accretion加积作用aggradation假亮晶pseudospar尖峰度的jeptokurtic剪切shearing交错层cross beds交错层理cross bedding; cross stratification交错纹crossed-lamellar交错纹层cross laminae胶结物cement胶结作用cementation胶磷矿collophane礁reef礁核reef core礁后相backreef facies礁麓堆积reef talus礁前相forereef facies礁相reef facies角度不整合angular unconformity角砾岩breccias节藻迹phycodes结晶碳酸盐岩crystalline carbonate界面bounding surfaces金藻门chrysophyta津（波）浪tsunami近滨nearshore进潮口tidal inlet进积作用progradation进食构造feeding structures进食迹fodinichnia晶面crystal face晶体crystal井形穴shafts净砂岩arenite静态模式static model居住构造dwelling structure居住迹domichnia居住潜穴dwelling burrows巨画迹megagrapton巨砾boulder决口扇crevasse，crevasse splay均匀悬浮uniform suspension颗粒grain ，particle颗粒流grain flow颗粒岩grainstone颗粒支撑的particle -supported ，grain-supported可劈性fissility可容空间accommodation space克拉通craton孔隙（度）pore，porosity块状层理massive bedding块状砂岩massive sandstone浪成波痕wave-generated ripple浪成沙纹层理wave- ripple bedding浪基面wave base浪控三角洲wave-dominated delta雷诺数Reynolds number-Re类沙蚕迹nereites累积频率曲线cumulative-frequency curve 离岸（裂）流rip current犁沟迹aulichnites丽线迹cosmorhaphe砾gravel砾漠reg砾屑灰岩calcirudite砾屑岩rudite砾岩conglomerate粒度grain size粒度概率图probability plot粒度中值Md粒间孔隙度intergranular porosity粒屑灰岩grainstone粒序层理graded bedding亮晶sparite亮晶方解石sparry calcite亮晶灰岩sparite亮煤clarain裂隙fracture临滨shoreface磷灰岩phosphorite磷酸盐岩phosphate rock菱铁矿siderite流动体制flow regimes流痕rill impression流态flow regime流体化作用fluidization硫酸盐sulphate漏斗形funnel shape陆表海epicontinental sea陆架边缘体系域shelf margin systems tract 陆相terrestrial陆缘海marginal sea陆源碎屑岩terrigenous clastic rocks陆表海epeiric sea绿泥岩chlorite绿藻门chlorophyta,卵石质砂岩pebbly sandstone螺管迹gyrolithes洛伦茨迹corenzinia脉状层理flaser bedding漫流sheet flow漫游迹planoliies煤coal煤化作用coalification锰质岩manganess rock觅食迹pascichnia觅食拖迹grazing trails密度底流density underflow密度流density current密度跃层pycnocline磨拉石molasses母岩source rock, parent rock母岩区provenance，source area内成岩endogenetic内栖动物infauna内碎屑intraclast钠长石albite钠长石化albitization能量带energy belt泥mud泥板岩argillite泥晶micrite泥晶套micrite envelope泥粒灰岩（泥质颗粒岩）packstone 泥裂mud crack泥流mud flow泥石流debris flow泥质岩mudrock泥页岩argillutite泥支撑的mud supported泥质的argil拟蠕形迹helminthopsis逆行沙波regressive sand wave逆行沙丘antidune年代地层单位chronostratigraphic unit 鸟眼构造birds-eyes structure鸟足状三角洲bird-foot delta凝灰岩tuff凝聚颗粒aggregate grains凝块灰岩thrombolite牛顿流体Newtonian fluid牛轭湖ox-bow lake爬迹repichnia爬升沙纹层理climbing ripple bedding 爬行crawling拍岸浪surf盘旋虫科spirillinidae螃蟹迹psilonichnus跑动running泡沫痕foam impression盆内岩intrabasinal rock盆外岩石extrabasinal rock片流sheetwash偏度Sk1，skewness漂砾erratic平均粒径Mz平均值mean平行层理parallel bedding平直河straight channel破浪breaker破浪带breaker zone葡萄石grapestones气候带climate belts牵引[作用] traction牵引流tractive current牵引毯状沉积traction carpet前滨foreshore前积层foresets前三角洲沉积prodelta deposit浅海区neritic province浅滩shoal墙形迹teichichus丘状交错层理hummocky cross bedding球度sphericity球粒pellet，pellet peloids球状粒peloid曲带迹curuolithus曲流meander曲流裁直neck cutoff曲流河meandering river取心钻井core drilling全球海平面变化eustatic change of sea level 缺氧事件anoxic event群group群体生物colony(organisms)热云nuee ardente热云岩ignimbrite溶解载荷solutional load熔结凝灰岩ignimbrite蠕形迹helminthoida软流圈asthenosphere软泥ooze弱光带disphotic zone萨布哈（盐沼）sabkha三角洲delta三角洲平原delta plain三角洲前缘delta front三联点triple junction扫毛虫sabellarians沙坝bar沙波sand wave沙流sand flow沙漠desert沙漠相desert facies沙丘dune沙蜀迹arenicolites沙体Sand body沙纹ripples沙嘴spit砂sand砂火山sand volcanoes砂流sand flow砂屑detritus砂屑灰岩calcarenite砂岩sandstone砂枕构造pillow structure 筛状沉积sieve deposition 山鹿冲积平原bajada山麓piedmont珊瑚coral扇砾岩fanglomerate扇三角洲fan delta扇状三角洲fan-like delta 舌菌迹glossiofunhites蛇形迹ophiomorpha深海pelagic, deep sea深海带abyssal zone深海沟deep-sea trench深海平原abyssal深海扇deep-sea fan深泓线thalweg深水bathymetric深水盆地bathymetric basin渗透率permeability生长构造growth structure生物层biostrome生物带biozone生物地层学biostratigraphy生物灰岩biolithite生物礁reef生物颗粒bioclast生物亮晶灰岩biosparite生物内碎屑bioclastic生物泥晶灰岩biomicrite生物丘bioherm生物扰动作用bioturbation生物遗迹化石trace fossil石膏gypsum石化作用lithification石灰岩limestone石漠hamada石英quarts石英砂岩quartz sandstone，silicarenita 石英净砂岩quartz arenite石英杂砂岩quartzwack石针迹skolithos石枝藻litho-thammium始成岩作用eodiagenesis示顶底标志geopetal criterion事实模式actual model数学模式mathematical model刷模brush casts双杯迹diplocraterion双形迹dimorphichus双趾迹diplichifes水道channel水流current，aqueous flow水流痕current mark水流上涌upwelling水流线理current lineation水平层理horizontal bedding水体分层stratification of the water column水下泥石流subaqueous debis flow水下岩崩subaqueous rockfall水悬浮作用aqueous suspension斯科阳迹scoyenia似海生迹thalassinoides似海星迹asteriacites似蠕形迹helminthopsis似藻迹phycodes碎屑颗粒detrital particle燧石flint ，chert他生沉积物allochthonous sediments它形晶anhedral塌积角砾岩collapse braccia塔斯曼迹tasmanadia台地platform苔藓虫fenestrate bryozoans滩bank滩脊beach ridge碳酸盐carbonate碳酸盐岩carbonate rock, carbonatite碳酸盐岩补偿深度carbonate compensation depth 碳酸盐岩隆（建隆）carbonate buildup逃逸构造escape structure逃逸迹fugichnia体系域systems tract天然堤levee，natural levee填集作用packing跳模bounce casts跳跃作用saltation铁岩ironstone铁质岩ferruginous rock停息迹cubchnia同沉积滑塌构造syndepositinal slump structure同生白云岩syngenetic dolostone同生作用syngenesis透光带photic zone透镜状层理lenticular bedding湍流turbulent flow团块lumps退覆层序offlap sequence洼状交错层理swaley cross bedding外成岩exogenetic rock外来岩块exotic block外生沉积物exogentic sediments弯曲锚形迹ancorichnus coronus晚成岩作用telodiagenesis网状（交织）河流anastomosing stream，anastomosed river 微亮晶microspar微斜长石microcline胃形钻孔迹gastrochaenolites温跃层thermoclime纹层laminae，lamination纹层状的laminated纹理lamination纹泥,季节泥varve雯石（霰石）aragonite紊流turbulent flow无光带aphotic zone无粘结性颗粒cohesionless particle物源区provenance矽藻diatom细砾granule线管迹tigllites相facies相变facies change相标志facies mark相对海平面relative sea-level相序facies sequence （succession）向上变粗coarsening-upward向上变浅shoaling-upward，shallowing--upward小潮neap tide小间断diastem斜坡地形clinoform泄水构造water-escape structure泻湖lagoon新生变形作用neomorphism新月形沙丘barchan dune信风trade winds星瓣迹asterosoma休息迹resting traces悬浮（移）负载suspended load选择交代作用selective replacement压扁层理flaser bedding压刻痕toll mark压溶作用pressure solution压实作用compaction盐水楔saltwater wedge岩石地层单位lithostratigraphic unit岩石地层学lithostratigraphy岩石圈lithosphere岩石学petrology岩相lithofacies岩相古地理lithofacies paleogeography岩屑rock fragment，lithic岩屑砂岩lithic sandstone，rock fragment sandstone 岩屑净砂岩litharenite岩屑杂砂岩lithic greywacke岩屑质长石净砂岩lithic arkose岩性lithological沿岸流longshore current沿岸沙坝longshore bar盐度salinity盐湖salt lakes盐碱滩salina氧化作用oxidation页岩shale液化liguefaction液化沉积物流fluidized sediment flow液化作用liquefaction伊利石illite遗迹化石ichnofossil，trace fossil遗迹相ichofacies异化颗粒allochem粘结灰岩bindstones硬砂岩greywacke硬石膏anhydrite涌浪swells尤尔斯特龙图解Hiulstrom diagram油气储层地质建模reservoir geological Modeling 油页岩oil shale游泳生物nekton organisms原生孔隙primary porosity有效孔隙度effective porosity羽状交错层理herringbone cross bedding雨痕rain impression原始古网迹protopalaeodictyon圆度roudness越岸沉积overbank deposit运动迹moving traces韵律层理rhythmic bedding杂基matrix杂基支撑matrix supported杂砂岩graywacke，wacke载荷load再作用面(复活面)reactivation surface藻管迹phycosiphon藻类algae藻团块algae lumps藻团粒algal poliods藻席Algal mats造礁珊瑚hermatypic coral粘度viscosity粘结岩boundstone粘土级clay size粘土矿物clay mineral粘土岩claystone涨潮流flood current帐篷构造tepees障壁barrier障壁岛barrier island障壁沙咀barrier spit障积岩bufflestone沼泽相swamp振荡波痕oscillation ripples蒸发岩evaporites正常鲕normal Oolits正递变的normally graded正化颗粒orthochems正态分布normal distribution直观模式visual model指状沙坝bar-finger sand指状钻孔迹trypanites中成岩作用mesodiagenesis中峰度的mesokertic中砾pebble中值median钟形bell shape众数mode重晶石barite重流层heavy-fluid layer皱饰迹rusophycus蛀木虫迹teredolites铸模mold铸模孔隙moldic porosity铸型cast锥模prod casts坠积物colluvium准层序parasequence准层序组parasequence set浊积石灰岩allodapic limestone浊积岩turbidite浊流turbidity current自生沉积物autochthonous sediments 自生的authigentic自形晶euhedral自悬浮autosuspension 组formation组构fabric钻孔迹trypanites。
[考试]Jvevpo水文地质术语及英文翻译技巧归纳.doc
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[考试]Jvevpo水文地质术语及英文翻译技巧归纳.doc秋风清，秋月明，落叶聚还散，寒鸦栖复惊。
水文地质术语Hydrogeologic terminology 1993-02-12 发布1993-11-01 实施国家技术监督局发布目次1 主题内容与适川范围 22 引用标准 23 水文地质学原理24地卞水动力学 9 5 水文地球化学 21 6 水文地质勘查方法 287 地下水资源评价及开发利用 378 矿床水文地质 49 9 环境水文地质 54 10 矿水及地下热水 58 11土壤改良水文地质 60中华人民共和国国家标准GB/T 14157—93水文地质术语Hydrogeologic terminology 1主题内容与适用范围本标准包括水文地质学原理、地下水动力学、水文地球化学、水文地质勘查方法、地下水资源评价及开发利用、矿床水文地质、环境水文地质、矿水及地下热水、土壤改良水文地质常用的术语。
UDC 556中华人民共和国国家标准GBD 10GB/T 14157—93木标准适用于水文地质的勘杳、设计、成果报告、规程规范、管理、科研、教学及国际交流等方面。
2引用标准GB 9151钻探工程名词术语GB12329岩溶地质术语3水文地质学原理3.1水文地质学科分类3.1. 1 水文地质学hydrogeology研究地下水的形成和分布、物理及化学性质、运动规律、开发利用和保护的科学。
3.1. 2水文地质学原理(普通水文地质学)principles of hydrogeology (general hydrogeology)研究水文地质学的基础理论和基木概念的学科。
3.1. 3 地卜水动力学groundwater dynamics研究地下水在岩土中运动规律的学科。
3.1. 4 水文地球化学hydrogeochemistry研究地下水化学成分的形成和变化规律以及地下水地球化学作用的学科。
3.1. 5 专门水文地质学applied hydrogeology为各种应用而进行的地下水调查、勘探、评价及开发利用的学科。
(完整word版)水文专业英语
水文学与水文地质学英文术语河流阶地：river terrace面源：area source线源：line source点源：point source 非点源：non-point source groundwater 潜水groundwater artery 地下水干道groundwater barrier 地下水堡坝groundwater basin 地下水盆地groundwater capture 地下水袭夺groundwater cascade 地下水小瀑布groundwater cement 潜水泥groundwater dam 地下水坝groundwater discharge 地下水排泄groundwater divide 地下分水界groundwater flow 地下径流groundwater inventory 地下水总量目录groundwater level 地下水位groundwater mound 地下水土丘groundwater province 地下水区groundwater recession 地下水后退groundwater recession curve 地下水后退曲线groundwater reservoir 地下水储集groundwater runoff 地下径流groundwater simulation 地下模拟groundwater spring 潜水泉groundwater table 地下水位group 群exploitable groundwater 地下水可开采量groundwater depression cone 地下水下降漏斗字段名英文名站码station code 站名station name流域名称basin name 水系名称hydrometric net code河流名称river name 施测项目码item code of obervation行政区划码administration division code水资源分区码code of water resources regionalization设站年份year of station establishment 设站月份month of station establishment撤站年份year of withdrawal of station 撤站月份month of withdrawal of station集水面积drainage area 流入何处flowing-to至河口距离distance to river mouth 基准基面名称name of fiducial datum领导机关leading agency (administration agency) 管理单位administration站址station location 东经longitude北纬latitude 测站等级grade of hydrometric station报汛等级grade of Flood-Reporting Station 备注note站点码station point code 站点名station point name测流方法observation method 控水目的purpose of control water project控水工程类型control water project type 控水工程代码code of control water project控水工程运行规则operation regulation of control water project推流参数parameter of discharge computation 引水点名Location name of pumping排水点名Location name of surface drainage实际最大灌溉面积maximum area of practical irrigation上界站站码station code of upper boundary station至上界站河段长length of reach to upper bound station下界站站码code of lower bound station至下界站河段长length of reach to lower bound station高差基数base of difference in elevation流域水系码codes of hydrographic net of a basin区码code of zone 区名zone name区类zone type 水体总容量total capacity of water bodies 灌溉水田面积area of rice paddy irrigated 灌溉面积irrigation area城市人口urban population 工业总产值gross industrial output value 调查资料来源单位office recording investigation data水库和水闸控制面积drainage area of reservoir or weir or sluice调查面积investigation area 量算地图比例尺scale of measured map连通试验可靠等级reliability rank of connectivity pair test旁证资料可靠等级reliability level of data witness面积成果合理性等级reliability rank of area data直接上级区名zone name of prime at first 调查报告编号investigation report number 地理包含关系geography contain relation 站点类别station point category相关站码correlative station code 关系标识relationship ID关系说明relationship illustration 主断面迁移号migration numbers of main cross section 断面名称cross section name 断面位置location of cross section变动年份changed Year 变动月份changed month变动日changed day 同系列标志series marker变动情况changed conditions 水尺名称gage name水尺型式gage type 水尺质料material of gage自记台类型type of stage recorder 水尺位置location of gage使用情况use condition 河段情况river reach circumstance图类型graph type 图标题graph title图graph MIME类型MIME type水准点编号benchmark number 水准点类型benchmark type变动日期date of Setup or change 采用基面名称adoption datum name冻结或测站基面以上高程elevation above stationary datum绝对或假定基面以上高程elevation above absolute or arbitrary datum绝对基面名称name of absolute or arbitrary datum水准点型式benchmark style 水准点位置benchmark location引据水准点编号number of benchmark from which elevation is measured变动原因cause of change 工程名称engineering name工程名称代码engineering name code 开始蓄水年份begin storing water year开始蓄水月份begining month of storing water 校核洪水位check flood stage校核库容check storage capacity of reservoir 设计洪水位design flood stage设计库容reservoir capacity corresponding to DSFLZ正常高水位normal high water level 正常库容Normal reservoir storage死水位dead pool level 死库容dead reservoir capacity溢洪道号spillway number 竣工年份completion year竣工月份completion month 溢洪道长度spillway length溢洪道堰顶高程elevation of spillway crest 溢洪道堰顶宽width of spillway crest溢洪道设计最大流量maximum designed discharge of spillway闸组号gate group number 孔型type of sluice or hole孔数count of sluice or hole 孔高sluice or hole height孔宽sluice or hole width设计最大流量maximum designed discharge of sluice or tunnel翼墙型式wing wall type 墩头型式type of pier head of sluice or tunnel 堰顶闸底形状shape of weir crest or sluice bed 工程地址location of engineering设计灌溉面积design irrigated area due to sluice or tunnel控制面积control area 总库容total reservoir capacity最大实灌面积actually irrigated area due to sluice or tunnel最大实引排水量maximum volume of actual diversion or drainage仪器口径mouth diameter of rain gauge 仪器精度precision of rain gauge记录模式recording mode 获值模式sensing mode绝对高程elevation above absolute datum器口离地面高度instrument height above ground非汛期观测段制observation regime in nonflood season汛期观测段制observation regime in flood season蒸发场位置特征character of location of evaporation-gauging仪器型式type of instrument(equipment) 附近地势nearby topography四周障碍物obstacles around station 起时间beginning time止时间end time起始日期beginning date 旬起始日期beginning date of a period of ten days 日期date 降水量precipitation降水量注解码remark code of precipitation 降水日数number of precipitation days降水日数注解码remark code of number of precipitation days最大降水量maximum precipitation 最大降水量时段长maximum precipitation duration 最大日降水量maximum daily precipitation最大日降水量注解码remark code of maximum daily precipitation最大日降水量出现日期occurring date of maximum daily precipitation终霜日期date of frost disappearance 初霜日期date of frost appearance终雪日期date of snow disappearance 初雪日期date of snow appearance终冰日期date of ice disappearance 初冰日期date of ice appearance蒸发器型式type of evaporation equipment 水面蒸发量surface evaporation水面蒸发量注解码remark code of evaporation最大日水面蒸发量maximum daily evaporation最大日水面蒸发量注解码remark code of maximum daily evaporation最大日水面蒸发量出现日期occurring date of maximum daily evaporation最小日水面蒸发量minimum daily surface evaporation最小日水面蒸发量注解码remark code of minimum daily surface evaporation最小日水面蒸发量出现日期occurring date of minimum daily surface evaporation观测高度observation height 气温air temperature气温注解码remark code air temperature 平均气温average air temperature平均气温注解码remark code of average air temperature最高气温注解码remark code of maximum air temperature最高气温日期date of maximum air temperature 最高气温maximum air temperature最低气温minimum air temperature最低气温注解码remark code of minimum air temperature最低气温日期date of minimum air temperature水汽压vapour pressure 水汽压注解码remark code of vapour pressure 平均水汽压average vapor pressure平均水汽压注解码remark code of average vapor pressure水汽压力差difference of vapour pressure 风速wind velocity水汽压力差注解码remark code of difference of vapour pressure平均水汽压力差average vapor pressure difference平均水汽压力差注解码remark code of average vapor pressure difference风速注解码remark code of wind velocity 平均风速average wind velocity平均风速注解码remark code of average wind velocity闸上水位stage in Sluice Upstream 闸上水位注解码remark code of upsluice stage 闸下水位down sluice stage 闸下水位注解码remark code of downsluice stage 坝上水位stage behind dam 坝上水位注解码remark code of the stage behind dam 水位stage 水位注解码remark code of stage平均水位average stage 平均水位注解码remark code of average stage最高水位maximum stage 最高水位注解码remark code of maximum stage 最高水位日期occurring date of maximum stage最低水位minimum stage 最低水位注解码remark code of date of minimum stage 最低水位日期date of minimum stage 保证率reliability of stage保证率水位reliability stage 流量discharge保证率水位注解码remark code of reliability stage平均流量注解码remark code of average discharge最大流量maximum discharge 平均流量average discharge最大流量注解码remark code of maximum discharge最大流量日期date of maximum discharge最小流量minimum discharge 最小流量日期date of minimum discharge最小流量注解码remark code of minimum discharge蓄水量Reservoir Storage 径流量runoff径流量注解码remark code of runoff 径流模数runoff modulus径流深runoff in depth 最大洪量maximum flood volume最大洪量时段长duration of maximum flood volume泥沙类型sediment type 含沙量sediment concentration平均含沙量average sediment concentration平均含沙量注解码remark code of average sediment concentration最大含沙量maximum sediment concentration最大含沙量注解码remark code of maximum sediment concentration最大含沙量日期date of maximum sediment concentration最小含沙量minimum sediment concentration最小含沙量注解码remark code of minimum sediment concentration最小含沙量日期date of minimum sediment concentration平均输沙率average sediment discharge平均输沙率注解码remark code of average sediment discharge最大日平均输沙率maximum average of daily sediment discharge最大日平均输沙率注解码remark code of maximum average of daily sediment discharge最大日平均输沙率出现日期occurring date of maximum average of daily sediment discharge输沙量sediment runoff 输沙量注解码remark code of sediment runoff输沙模数sediment runoff modulus 上限粒径upper limit particle size采样仪器型号model number of sampling instrument采样效率系数efficiency coefficient of sampling平均沙重百分数average percent of sediment weight中数粒径median particle diameter 平均粒径average particle diameter最大粒径maximum particle diameter 水温water temperature水温注解码remark code of water temperature平均水温注解码remark code of average water temperature最高水温maximum water temperature 平均水温average water temperature最高水温注解码remark code of maximum water temperature最高水温日期occurring date of maximum water temperature最低水温minimum water temperature 冰情注解码remark code of ice condition最低水温注解码remark code of minimum water temperature最低水温日期date of minimum water temperature河心冰厚ice thickness at river center 岸边冰厚Thickness of Border Ice冰上雪深snow depth on ice 岸上气温air temperature on bank解冻日期date of ice break up 封冻日期ice freeze up date上半年封冻天数number of actual freeze up days in first half of year下半年封冻天数number of actual freeze up days in second half of year终止流冰日期end date of ice run 开始流冰日期beginning date of ice run河心最大冰厚maximum ice thickness at river center河心最大冰厚出现日期occurring date of the maximum ice thickness at river center岸边最大冰厚Maximum thickness of border Ice岸边最大冰厚出现日期occurring date of maximum thickness of border ice最大流冰块长度maximum length of ice floe 最大流冰块宽度maximum width of ice floe 最大流冰块冰速maximum velocity of ice floe断面平均冰速average ice flow velocity at cross section最大冰上雪深maximum snow depth on ice最大冰上雪深出现日期occurring date of maximum snow depth on ice春季最大冰流量maximum ice discharge in spring春季最大冰流量注解码remark code of maximum ice discharge in spring春季最大冰流量日期occurring date of ice discharge in spring冬季最大冰流量maximum ice discharge in winter冬季最大冰流量注解码remark code of occurring data of maximum ice discharge in winter冬季最大冰流量日期occurring data of maximum ice discharge in winter春季总冰流量gross ice discharge in spring春季总冰流量注解码remark code of gross ice discharge in spring冬季总冰流量注解码remark code of ice discharge in winter年总冰流量yearly total ice discharge 冬季总冰流量gross ice discharge in winter年总冰流量注解码remark code yearly total ice discharge平均冰流量注解码remark code of average ice discharge总冰流量total of ice discharge 平均冰流量average ice discharge总冰流量注解码remark code of total of ice discharge 最大冰流量maximum ice discharge 最大冰流量注解码remark code of maximum ice discharge最大冰流量日期date of maximum ice discharge潮别tidal type 潮位tidal level潮位注解码remark code of tidal level 潮差tidal range历时duration 潮流量tidal discharge潮量tidal volume 潮输沙率tidal sediment discharge潮输沙量tidal sediment runoff 平均高潮潮位average high tidal level平均高潮潮位注解码remark of average high tidal level stage最高高潮位Maximum high tidal stage最高高潮位注解码remark code of Maximum high tidal stage最高高潮位出现时间occurring time of Maximum high tidal stage最低高潮位minimum high tidal stage最低高潮位注解码remark code of minimum high water level最低高潮位出现时间occurring time of minimum high tidal stage平均低潮潮位average low tidal level平均低潮潮位注解码remark of average low tidal level最高低潮位maximum low tidal stage最高低潮位注解码remark code of maxiumm low tidal stage最高低潮位出现时间occurring time of maximum low tidal stage最低低潮位minimum low tidal stage最低低潮位注解码remark code of minimum low tidal stage最低低潮位出现时间occurring time of minimum low tidal stage平均涨潮潮差average of flood tide range平均涨潮潮差注解码remark code of average of flood tide range最大涨潮潮差maximum flood tidal range最大涨潮潮差注解码remark code of maximum flood tidal range最大涨潮潮差(高潮)时间time of maximum flood tidal range最小涨潮潮差minimum flood tidal range最小涨潮潮差注解码remark code of minimum flood tidal range最小涨潮潮差(高潮)时间high tidal time of minimum flood tidal range平均落潮潮差average ebb tide range平均落潮潮差注解码remark code of average of ebb tidal range最大落潮潮差maximum ebb tidal range最大落潮潮差注解码remark code of maximum ebb tidal range最大落潮潮差(高潮)时间high water occurring time of maximum ebb tidal range最小落潮潮差minimum ebb tidal range最小落潮潮差注解码remark code of minimum ebb tidal range最小落潮潮差(高潮)时间high water occurring time of minimum ebb tidal range平均涨潮历时average flood tidal duration平均涨潮历时注解码remark code of average of flood tidal range最长涨潮历时maximum flood tidal duration最长涨潮历时注解码remark code of maximum flood tide duration最长涨潮历时(高潮)时间high water occurring time of maximum flood tidal duration最短涨潮历时minimum flood tidal duration最短涨潮历时注解码remark code of minimum flood tidal duration最短涨潮历时(高潮)时间high tidal time of minimum flood tidal duration平均落潮历时mean ebb tide duration平均落潮历时注解码remark code of mean ebb tide duration最长落潮历时maximum ebb tidal duration最长落潮历时注解码remark code of maximum ebb tidal duration最长落潮历时(高潮)时间high water occurring time of maximum ebb tidal duration最短落潮历时minimum ebb tidal duration最短落潮历时注解码remark code of minimum ebb tidal duration最短落潮历时(高潮)时间high tidal time of Minimum ebb tidal duration逐时平均潮位hourly average tidal stage逐时平均潮位注解码remark code of hourly average tidal stage平均潮差average tide range平均潮差注解码remark code of yearly average tide range平均历时average tidal duration平均历时注解码remark code of average tidal duration施测日期beginning date of measurement 测次号observation number垂线号numbers of typical verticals 起点距distance from initial point河底高程river bed elevation 河底高程注解码remark code of river bed elevation 测时水位stage during observation测时水位注解码remark code of stage during observation垂线方位vertical azimuth断面名称及位置cross section name and location 测次说明note引用施测日期date of quoted observation 引用测次号number of quoted observation 引用起始起点距beginning distance from initial point引用终止起点距end distance from initial point岸别符号bank symbol 痕迹类型trace type点编号point code 点详细位置point detailed location点东经point east longitude 点北纬point north latitude点高程point elevation 点参数point parameter指认人及印象witness man's impression目击和旁证可靠等级reliability rank of witness痕迹和标志物可靠等级reliability level of trace or flag估计误差范围estimation error range 调查日期investigation date起始年beginning year 起始月beginning month起始日beginning day 起始时beginning hour起始分beginning minute 终止年end year终止月end month 终止日end day终止时end hour 终止分end minute雨情描述description of rainfall information 重现期Recurrence Interval重现期统计截止年cut-off year of statistics of recurrence interval目击和水痕可靠等级reliability rank of witness or trace承雨器障碍物可靠等级reliability level of rain collector barrier before rainfall承雨器雨前可靠等级reliability level of rain collector before rainfall承雨器漫溢渗漏可靠等级reliability level of loss quantity of rain collector seepage or overflow 水位可靠等级reliability level of stage 水流边界flow boundary推算流量方法method of discharge computation推算流量资料可靠等级reliability level of data used in discharge computation推算流量方法可靠等级reliability level of method of discharge computation推算流量成果合理性等级reliability level of discharge computation次水量water volume of one flood 水情描述description of hydrological information 流量施测号数number of discharge observation测流起时间beginning time of flow measurment测流止时间end time of flow measurement测流方法Method of flow measurement 基本水尺水位base gage stage流量注解码remark code of discharge 断面总面积total of cross section area断面过水面积wetted cross-section area 断面面积注解码remark code of cross section area 断面平均流速average flow velocity at a cross-section断面最大流速maximum flow velocity at a cross-section水面宽top width断面平均水深Average water depth at cross section断面最大水深maximum water depth水浸冰冰底宽ice bottom width 水浸冰冰底平均水深ice bottom average depth水浸冰冰底最大水深ice bottom maximum depth水面比降surface slope 糙率roughness时段类别category of interval 水量类别category of water quantity水量water quantity 水量测算方法estimation method of water quantity 年实测水量占比percent of observation water-quantity in total水量计算方法可靠等级reliability level of estimation method of water quantity水量成果合理性等级fitness rank of water quantity data起时间闸(坝)上水位upstream stage of beginning time起时间闸(坝)上水位注解码remark code of upstream stage at beginning time起时间闸(坝)下水位downstream stage at beginning time起时间闸(坝)下水位注解码remark code of downstream stage of beginning time最大流量出现时间Occurring Time of Maxmum Discharge实测蓄水变量observed water storage 调查蓄水变量investigation storage实测灌溉还原水量observed restoring water quantity in irrigation调查灌溉还原水量restoring water quantity of investigation in irrigation水平梯田拦蓄地面径流量surface water runoff catched by level terraced field工业生活还原水量restoring water quantity of industrial water or domestic water实测工业生活还原水量observed water quantity of industrial water or domestic water区内除涝排水量water quantity of waterlogging control in zone实测区内除涝排水量observed water quantity of waterlogging control in zone跨流域引水量water quantity of interbasin transfer实测跨流域引水量observed water quantity of interbasin transfer跨区回归水量return flow in cross zone实测跨区回归水量observed return flow in cross zone跨区回归水量测算方法estimation method of return flow in cross zone跨区溃坝水量water quantity of cross zone dam-break实测跨区溃坝水量observed water quantity of cross zone dam-break跨区溃坝水量测算方法estimation method of water quantity of cross zone dam-break溃坝还原水量restoring water quantity in dam-break跨区分洪水量water quantity of cross zone flood diversion实测跨区分洪水量observed water quantity of cross zone flood diversion跨区分洪水量测算方法estimation method of water quantity of cross zone flood diversion分洪还原水量restoring water quantity of flood diversion跨区决口水量water quantity of cross zone branching实测跨区决口水量observed water quantity of cross zone branching跨区决口水量测算方法estimation method of water quantity of cross zone branching决口还原水量restoring water quantity of bursting暗河交换水量exchanged water volume between underground rivers暗河交换水量估算方法method of estimating exchanged water volume between underground rivers暗河交换水量参证站相似程度similar level of bench-mark station of exchanged water volume between underground rivers暗河交换水量平衡程度balance level of exchange water between underground rivers跨区渗漏水量water quantity of cross zone seepage浅层地下水还原水量restoring water quantity of shallow groundwater实测浅层地下水还原水量observed restoring water quantity of shallow underground water浅层地下水还原水量测算方法estimation method of restoring water quantity of shallow groundwater深层地下水还原水量restoring water quantity of deep-layer groundwater实测深层地下水还原水量observed restoring water quantity of deep layer underground water深层地下水还原水量测算方法restoring water quantity of deep-layer groundwater泉水出露量capacity of spring 总进水量total inflow runoff总出水量total outflow runoff 降水总量precipitation蒸散发总量total evapotranspiration蓄水水面蒸发增损水量water quantity extracted by evaporation on water surface出口水体起时间水位stage of overflow water body at beginning time出口水体起时间蓄水量storage of overflow water body at beginning time输沙率施测号数number of sediment discharge observation测沙起时间beginning time of sediment concentration measurement测沙止时间end time of sediment concentration measurement测沙断面位置location of cross section for sediment concentration measurement取样方法sampling method断面平均含沙量average sediment concentration at cross-section断面平均含沙量注解码remark code of average sediment concentration at cross section单样含沙量index sediment concentration单样含沙量测验方法observational method of index sediment concentration悬移质输沙率suspended sediment discharge悬移质输沙率注解码remark code of suspended sediment discharge推移质输沙率bed load sediment discharge推移质输沙率注解码remark code of bed load sediment discharge单样推移质输沙率index bed load sediment discharge推移质平均底速average velocity of bed load推移带宽度width of bed load sediment discharge断面平均单宽输沙率average sediment discharge in unit width at cross section垂线最大输沙率maximum vertical sediment discharge垂线最大输沙率相应起点距distance of maximum vertical sediment discharge from initial point 单断沙码code of index or cross sectional sediment起始施测号begin observation number 终止施测号end observation number取样起时间beginning time of sampling 取样止时间end time of sampling沙重百分数sediment weight percent 最大颗粒重量sediment maximum particle weight 最大颗粒起点距distance from initial point where measuring the maximum particle平均沉速mean settling velocity 施测水温water temperature at measurement粒径分析方法analysis method of particle side 注解码remark code沙量类别category of silt-quantity 沙量silt-quantity沙量测算方法estimation method of silt-quantity年实测沙量占比percent of observation silt-quantity in total沙量测算方法可靠等级reliability level of estimation method of silt-quantity沙量成果合理性等级reliability level of silt-quantity data水量资料可靠等级reliability level of water quantity source冲淤量sediment quantity of scour-silt实测冲淤量observed sediment quantity of scour-silt灌溉挟沙量silt-quantity taked through irrigation实测灌溉挟沙量observed sediment discharge of irrigation工业生活挟沙量sediment discharge of industrial water or domestic water实测工业生活挟沙量observed sediment discharge of industrial water or domestic water跨流域引水挟沙量silt-quantity taked through interbasin transfer实测跨流域引水挟沙量observed sediment quantity taked by interbasin transfer溃坝冲淤量sediment quantity of scour-silt in dam-break实测溃坝冲淤量observed silt-quantity of scour-silt in dam-break分洪冲淤量sediment quantity of scour-silt in flood diversion实测分洪冲淤量observed silt-quantity of scour or sedimentation in flood diversion决口冲淤量degradation or sedimentation in bursting实测决口冲淤量observed sediment quantity of scour-silt in branching总进沙量total inflow silt-quantity 总出沙量total outflow silt-quantity测次起时间beginning time of observation测次止时间end time of observation 测验断面位置location of cross section冰流量ice discharge 冰流量注解码remark code of ice discharge 断面平均疏密度average ice compaction at cross section断面平均冰厚或冰花厚average depth of ice or frazil slush at cross section敞露水面宽open water width断面平均冰花密度density of frazil slush at cross section冰花折算系数adjustment factor of frazil slush测流断面位置location of cross section代表垂线平均流速average velocity on typical vertical潮流量注解码remark code of tidal discharge代表垂线号number of typical velocity vertical代表垂线流速velocity of typical vertical潮流期编号number of duration of tidal current潮流期起时间beginning time of duration of tidal current潮流期止时间end time of duration of tidal current测流前低潮潮位low tidal level before flow measurement测流前低潮潮位出现时间Occuring time of the low tidal level before flow measurement高潮潮位high tidal level高潮潮位出现时间occurring time of high tidal level低潮潮位low tidal level低潮潮位出现时间occurring time of low tidal level开始落憩潮位tidal level at beginning of ebb slack tide涨潮憩流潮位flood slack tidal stage涨潮憩流潮位出现时间occurring time of flood slack tide终止落憩潮位tidal stage at end of ebb slack tide涨潮潮差flood tidal range 涨潮最大流速maximum velocity of flood tide 涨潮潮量flood tidal volume 涨潮潮量注解码remark code of flood tidal volume 涨潮潮流历时flood tidal current duration涨潮平均流量average discharge of flood tide涨潮平均流量注解码remark code of average discharge of flood tide落潮潮差ebb tide range 落潮潮量ebb tidal volume落潮最大流速maximum velocity of ebb tide落潮潮量注解码remark code of ebb tidal volume落潮潮流历时ebb tidal current duration 落潮平均流量average discharge of ebb tide 落潮平均流量注解码remark code of average discharge of ebb tide净泄量net outflow volume 开闸时间opening gate time关闸时间closing gate time 开闸前稳定水位stable stage before sluicing 闸上最高水位Maximum stage in Sluice Upstream闸上最低水位Minimum stage in Sluice Upstream闸下水位Stage in Sluice Downstream 水位差stage difference有效潮差effective tidal range 一潮总水量total water volume of single tide 一潮总水量注解码remark code of total water volume of single tide一潮历时duration of single tide一潮平均流量average discharge of single tide一潮平均流量注解码remark code of average discharge of single tide一潮最大流量maximum discharge of single tide一潮最大流量注解码remark code of maximum discharge of single tide自变量名name of independent variable 自变量值value of independent variable调查报告标题investigation report title 调查项目investigation item调查年份investigation year 编写年份redaction year调查单位investigation office 主编单位Chief editorial unit调查报告内容investigation report contents 调查报告格式investigation report format 表标识table ID时间残缺记录编号number of time deformity record字段标识field identifier 取值value率定次序号serial number of rating 闸上水头head in Sluice Upstream闸下水头Head in Sluice Downstream闸门开启平均高度operation height of gate opening闸门开启平均高度注解码remark code of operation height of gate opening闸门开启孔数count of operation gate opening 闸门开启总宽total width of gate-openings 平均堰宽average width of weir闸孔过水面积area of wetted cross section of gate openings实测流量observed discharge实测流量注解码remark code of observed discharge流态flow regime流量计算公式编号formula number of discharge calculation流量系数discharge coefficient流量系数注解码remark code of discharge coefficient水闸型式weir and sluice type 翼墙形式wing wall type平均引水角average driving angle 闸上河宽upsluice river width闸下河宽river width in sluice downstream 闸门型式weir gate type闸底高程elevation of sluice bottom 堰顶高程elevation of weir crest堰顶形状shape of weir crest 总孔数total number of gate openings单孔宽single gate opening width of weir gate单孔宽注解码remark code of gate opening width of weir gate平均孔宽average of gate opening width 总孔宽total width of gate opening闸门高度gate height 平均开度average gate opening height闸墩厚thickness of pier 机组号group number of machines站上水位upstation stage 站下水位downstation stage站上水头upstation head 开机功率electric power generated or consumed 开机台数count of machines in operation开机叶片角度vane angle of machines in operation叶轮直径impeller diameter 实际转速practical speed of revolution出水阀过水面积wetted area of outlet valve效率计算公式编号formula number of efficiency calculation效率值efficiency value 效率值注解码remark code of efficiency value 机型machine type 装机台数count of machine出水管路断面面积wetted area of pipe line cross section标定转速rated speed of revolution 单机额定功率single rated power单机设计流量single design discharge 设计扬程design lift驼峰底高hump bottom elevation 起排水位begining pumping stage关系线类别relation curve category 线号curve number因变量名dependent variable定线数据起时间beginning time of the data for determining a relation curve定线数据止时间end time of routing location data定线数据下限自变量值routing location lower limit independent variable定线数据上限自变量值routing location upper limit independent variable线参数表达式curve parameter expression 关系图名chart name适用期起时间beginning time of application 适用期止时间end time of application定线点据总数amount of points for determining a relation curve定线方法method of determining a relation curve 系统误差systematic error随机不确定度random error 线上采样点编号curve sample point number 采样点自变量值curve sample point independent variable采样点因变量值curve sample point dependent variable计量单位unit name 记录定位标识record location identifier原值original value 改正值corrected value处理日期date of correction 处理情况说明correction explanation入库标识identifier of reservoir inflow 注解符号remark symbolASCII值numeric ASCII Code 注解符号类型remark symbol type注解含义meaning of remark 表号table number表中文名table name in Chinese 表英文名table name in English字段中文名field name in Chinese 字段英文名field name in English字段类型及长度field type and field length 空值属性attribute of "null"计量单位unit name 取值范围value range主键属性attribute of primary key 农历年lunar year农历月lunar month 农历日lunar day农历年名name of lunar year 农历月名name of lunar month农历日名name of lunar day 行政区划名administration division name。
水利水电英汉词汇
水利水电工程地质常用词汇（汉英对照）1.地质年代geological period (2)2.岩性rock character (2)2．1 第四系沉积物quaternary deposit (2)2．2 沉积岩sedimentary rock (2)2.3变质岩metamorphic rock (3)2.4 火成岩igneous rocks (5)3.常见矿物mineral (6)4. 颜色(Colour) (7)5.岩石与岩体结构(Rock and rockmass structure) (8)5.1岩石结构Rock structure (8)5.2岩体结构Rock mass structure (8)6.地质构造Geological structure (8)6.1断层(fault) (9)6.2褶皱(fold) (9)6.3节理及夹层(joint and interbed) (10)6.4结构面性状 (10)7.物理地质现象 (10)7.1风化、蚀变、卸荷 (10)7.2崩塌、滑坡 (11)7.3岩溶(karst) (11)8．水文地质 (11)8.1地下水类型 (11)8．2渗流状态 (11)9．岩体力学指标 (12)9．1岩石力学参数 (12)9．2土力学参数 (12)9.3岩体力学参数 (12)10. 建筑材料(construction material) (12)11. 试验(experiment) (13)12.水工设计(hydraulic design) (15)12.1设计阶段(design stage) (15)12.2水工建筑物(hydraulic structure) (15)13.地质图件和图表 (17)13.1地质图件 (17)13.2地质图表 (20)14.其它 (26)14.1地形、地貌 (26)14.2 地震 (27)14.3 地应力 (27)14.4 边坡 (29)14.5 基础 (29)14.6 地下硐室 (30)14.7 地质勘探 (32)14.8 测量 (33)14.9 施工 (34)1.地质年代geological period代（界）Era(erathem)新生代（界）cenozoic era (erathem) 中生代（界）mesozoic era (erathem) 古生代（界）palaeozoic era (erathem) 元古代（界）proterozoic era (erathem) 太古代（界）archaeozoic era (erathem) 晚元古代（上元古亚纪）upper proterozoic subera (suberathem) 中元古代（中元古亚纪）middle proterozoic subera (suberathem)早元古代（下元古亚纪）lower proterozoic subera (suberathem)纪（系）Period (system)第四纪（系）quaternary period (system)第三纪（系）tertiary period (system) 晚第三纪（系）neogene period (system)早第三纪（系）neogene (paleogene) period (system) 白垩纪（系）cretaceous period (system) 朱罗纪（系）jurassic period (system) 三叠纪（系）triassic period (system) 二叠纪（系）permian period (system) 石灰纪（系）carboniferous period (system)泥盆纪（系）devonian period (system) 志留纪（系）silurian period (system) 奥陶纪（系）ordovician period (system)寒武纪（系）combrain period (system) 震旦纪（系）sinian period (system) 世（统）epoch (series)全新世（统）holocene epoch (series) 更新世（统）pleistocene epoch (series) 上新世（统）pliocene epoch (series) 中新世（统）miocene epoch (series) 渐新世（统）oligocene epoch (series) 始新世（统）eocene epoch (series) 古新世（统）paleccene epoch (series) 群Group阶（组）Formation2.岩性rock character 2．1 第四系沉积物quaternary deposit堆积物accumulation冲积物alluvium洪积物diluvium坡积物slope wash滑坡堆积物slide sediments 2．2 沉积岩sedimentary rock漂石erratic boulder孤石lonestone块石rock block卵石pebble碎石debris砾石gravel砂sand粉土silt砂壤土sandy loam壤土loam淤泥mud粘土clay填筑土backfill砾岩conglomerate砾砂岩conglomeratic sandstone 砾石层gravel砾屑白云岩dolorudite砾屑石灰岩calcirudite砾屑岩rudite(rudyte)砾质灰岩（粗粒状灰岩）rudstone 砾质泥gravelly sand砾质片麻岩psephite-gneiss砾质砂gravelly sand砾质砂泥岩yakatagite砾质岩psephite砂岩sandstone砂质角砾岩sandy breccia砂质角岩arenaceous hornfels砂质砾岩sandy conglomerate砂质泥sandy mud砂质泥灰岩sandy marl砂质粘土sandy clay砂质凝灰岩psammite tuff砂质燧石sandy chert砂质亚粘土barra vermelho砂质岩psammite石英砂岩quartzose sandstone长石砂岩feldspathic岩屑砂岩lithite角砾岩breccia粉砂岩siltstone粘土岩claystone（clay rock）粘土板岩caly slate粘土化斑岩claystone porphyry 粘土泥灰岩clay marl粘土页岩clay shale粘土质粉砂clayey silt粘土质角砾岩clayey breccia粘土质砂clayey sand粘土质砂岩clayey sandstone页岩shale钙质页岩calcareous shale铁质页岩feruginous shale 硅质页岩silious shale炭质页岩carbonaceous shale油页岩kerogen shale( oil shale)灰岩、石灰岩limestone鲕状灰岩oolitic limestone粒状灰岩granular limestone板状灰岩platy limestone泥质灰岩argillaceous limestone 结晶灰岩crystalline limestone 致密灰岩compact limestone生物碎屑灰岩bioclastic limestone 白云岩dolomite白云质灰岩dolomitic limestone 白云石质大理岩dolomitic marble 白云质角岩dolomitic hornfels白云质泥灰岩dolomitic-marl白云质泥岩dolomitic mudstone 白云石粘土质泥灰岩dolomite-clay marl白云石片岩dolomitic schist白云石砂岩doloarenite白云石碳酸岩dolomite carbonatite 白云石质砾岩dolomitic marble 泥灰岩marl泥灰质粘土marly clay泥灰质壤土marlaceous loam泥灰质砂岩marly sandstone2.3变质岩metamorphic rock破碎角砾岩catalastic breccia碎裂岩cataclasite糜棱岩mylonite千枚糜棱岩phyllonite板岩slate角斑岩keratophyre角斑玢岩keratophyrite千枚岩phyllite片岩schist云母片岩mica schist滑石片岩talc schist角闪石片岩amphibole schist蓝闪石片岩glaucophane schist绿岩（绿闪石片岩）noricite片麻岩gneiss流纹片麻岩rhyolite-gneiss大理岩marble钙质白云石大理岩calc-dolomite marble石英岩quartzite变质砂岩metasandstone变质长石砂岩meta-arkose变质大理岩metamarble变质辉长岩metagabbro变质基性岩metabasite变质角闪岩metaamphibolite变质结晶岩metaceystalline变质砾岩metaconglomerate变质泥岩metapelite变质片岩metamorphic schist变质闪长岩metadiorite变质石英岩metaquartzite变质碎屑岩metasedimentary变质碳酸盐岩metamorphic carbonate 变质碳酸岩metacarbonatite变质伟晶岩metapegmatite变质细碧岩metaspilite 变质玄武岩metabasalt变质英安岩eodacite变质正长岩metamorphic syenite 变质粉砂岩metamorphic siltstone 角闪岩(斜长角闪岩) amphibolite角闪片岩amphibolite-schist角闪安山岩hungarite角闪玢岩orbite角闪二辉麻粒岩pyribolites角闪沸煌岩giumarrite角闪钙长岩matraite角闪橄榄岩cortlandtite角闪硅酸岩muglalite角闪花岗岩pladorite角闪辉长岩bojite角闪辉绿玢岩proterobase porphyrite 角闪辉绿岩proterobase角闪辉霞岩mestigmerite榴辉岩eclogite榴辉橄榄岩gordunite榴辉角闪岩eclogite榴辉蓝晶岩grospydite榴辉铁橄岩eulysite辉石岩pyroxenite(pyroxenolite) 辉石安山岩pyroxene andesite辉石粗面岩pyroxene trachyte辉石二长岩pyroxene monzonite 辉石橄榄岩pyroxene peridotite 辉石黑云母花岗岩pyroxene-biotite granite辉石黑云母闪长岩pyroxene-biotite diorite辉石花岗岩pyroxene granite辉石辉长岩pyroxene gabbro辉石辉绿岩pyroxene diabase辉石碱性正长岩pyroxene alkali 辉石角闪岩pyroxene hornblendite 辉石麻粒岩pyroxene granulite辉石片麻岩pyroxene gneiss辉石闪长岩pypyroxene diorite辉石石英岩pyroxene quartzite辉石伟晶岩pyroxenite-pegmatite 辉石细晶岩pyroxene aplite辉石岩质蛇纹岩pyroxeneite serpentine辉石英安岩pyroxene dacite辉石正长岩pyroxene syenite 2.4 火成岩igneous rocks橄榄岩peridotite二辉橄榄岩lherzolite辉石橄榄岩pyroxene peridotite 角闪橄榄岩hudsonite橄榄辉长岩olivine-gabbro石英辉长岩quartz-gabbro正长辉长岩orthoclase-gabbro , syenite gabbro, syenogabbro橄榄苏长岩hyperite辉绿岩diabase橄榄辉绿岩olivine-diabase石英辉绿岩quartz-diabase拉斑辉绿岩devonite辉长玢岩garrbo-porphyrite玄武岩basalt拉斑玄武岩tholeiite安山玄武岩andesite basalt苦橄玄武岩hillhouse basalt 正长玄武岩basalatite蓝方玄武岩hauynite(hauyne-basalt) 粗粒玄武岩dolerite隐晶玄武岩aphanitic basalt闪长岩diorite石英闪长岩quartz-diorite角闪闪长岩hornblende diorite辉石闪长岩augite-diorite, pyroxenediorite安山岩andesite安山玄武岩andesite basalt安山拉长岩andesilabradorite安山斑岩andesite-porphyry安山凝灰岩andesite-tuff花岗岩granite花岗闪长岩granodiorite花岗闪长玢岩coroovadite花岗闪长斑岩granodiorite-porphyry 花岗闪长细晶岩granodiorite-aplite 花岗闪长花斑岩granodiorite-granophyre花岗片麻岩granitic gneiss花岗斑岩granite-porphyry流纹岩rhyolite, liparite流纹安山岩rhyoandesite流纹斑岩liparophyre流纹玄武岩rhyobasalt流纹英安岩rhyodacite, dellenite,liparite-dacite英安岩dacite, quartz andesite 英安安山岩dacite-andesite英安斑岩dacite-porphyrite英安流纹岩dacite-liparite正长岩syenite, sinaite正长斑岩syenite-porphyry,orthophyre, orthofelsite正长花岗岩syengranite正长煌斑岩syenite lamprophyre 正长白云岩krivoserite正长辉长岩syenogabbro正长辉绿岩orthobase正长流纹岩kanzibite正长片麻岩syenite gneiss正长片岩syenite-schist正长闪长岩syenodiorite, syenite diorite霞石正长岩nepheline syenite霞石正长细晶岩nepheline syenite-aplite霞石正长伟晶岩nepheline syenite-pegmatite霞石安山岩nepheline andesite霞石斑岩nepheline-porphyry霞石粗安岩tautirite霞石粗面岩nepheline trachyte霞石二长岩nepheline monzonite 霞石辉长岩nepheline gabbro霞石辉石岩nepheline-pyroxene rocks 霞石闪长岩nepheline diorite霞响岩nephelinitoid phonolite霞石玄武岩nepheline tachylite霞石岩nephelinoith响岩phonolite响岩质粗面岩phonolitic trachyte 向霞岩grazinite响质岩phonolitoid响岩质粗面岩phonolitic trachyte 煌斑岩lamprophyre煌斑花岗岩lamprophyre-granite 煌斑片岩lamproschist 煌斑正长岩lamprosyenite云母煌斑岩mica-lapmrophyre云煌岩minette闪辉煌斑岩garganite闪辉正煌岩vogesite闪斜煌斑岩spessartite细晶岩aplite辉长细晶岩beerbachite,gabbro-aplite 闪长细晶岩diorite-aplite斜长细晶岩plagiaplite花岗细晶岩granite-aplite辉长伟晶岩gabbro-pegmatite花岗伟晶岩granite- pegmatite正长伟晶岩syenite-pegmatite火山角砾岩volcanic breccia火山碎屑岩pyroclastic rock凝灰岩tuff3.常见矿物mineral滑石talc叶腊石pyrophyllite蒙脱石montmorillonite蛭石vermiculite高岭石kaolinitic水云母hydromica石墨graphite硫sulfur褐铁矿limonite石膏gypsum绿泥石chlorite岩盐halite海绿石glauconite黑云母biotite白云母muscovite软锰矿manganese dioxide铝土矿bauxite蛇纹石serpentine自然金natural gold方解石calcite硬石膏anhydrite重晶石barytes白云石dolomite黄铜矿chalcopyrite闪锌矿blende文石aragonite孔雀石malachite菱镁矿magnesite菱铁矿siderite萤石fluorite硅灰石wollastonite磷灰石apatite兰晶石disthene普通角闪石hornblende 普通辉石augite斜方辉石orthopyroxene 透辉石diopside榍石titanite蛋白石opal钛铁矿ilmenite霞石nepheline透闪石tremolite阳起石actinolite白榴石leucite磁铁矿magnetite赤铁矿hematite透长石sinidine正长石orthoclase斜长石plagioclase黄铁矿pyrite绿帘石epidote 绿泥石chlorite符山石egeran橄榄石olivine石英quartz锆石zircon电气石tourmaline红柱石andalusite绿柱石beryl堇青石cordierite十字石staurolite黄玉topaz刚玉corundum金刚石diamond伊利石illite glimmerton 4. 颜色(Colour)粉红色pink橙红色salmon pink浅粉红色baby pink鲜粉红色shocking pink 褐色, 茶色brown灰褐色beige红褐色, 赭石色chocolate 浅褐色sandy beige驼色camel琥珀色amber卡其色khaki褐红色maroon绿色green苔绿色moss green鲜绿色emerald green橄榄绿olive green蓝色blue土耳其玉色turquoise blue 钴蓝色, 艳蓝色cobalt blue藏青色, 深蓝色, 天蓝色navy blue蓝绿色aquamarine blue红色red绯红, 猩红scarlet紫红mauve葡萄酒红wine red紫色purple, violet淡紫色lavender浅紫色lilac古紫色antique violet紫罗兰色pansy白色white灰白色off-white象牙色ivory雪白色snowy white乳白色oyster white灰色gray炭灰色charcoal gray烟灰色smoky gray雾灰色misty gray5.岩石与岩体结构(Rock and rockmass structure)5.1岩石结构Rock structure斑状结构porphyritic texture变余结构palimpsest structure等粒结构granulitic texture非均匀结构heterogeneous texture 辉绿结构ophitic texture角砾结构brecciated texture矿脉结构vein texture粒状结构granular texture流状结构fluidal texture糜棱结构mylonitic texture砂质结构arenaceous texture粘土质结构argillaceous texture 微晶结构microlitic texture显晶结构phanerocrystalline texture 5.2岩体结构Rock mass structure散体结构Loose structure碎块状结构Fragmental block structure碎屑状结构Clastic structure碎裂结构Cataclastic structure镶嵌结构Interlocked structure片碎结构Sheet- Cataclastic structure块状结构massive structure次块状结构Submassive structure整体结构integral structure6.地质构造Geological structure板状构造platy structure变形构造deformation structure 带状构造banded structure单斜构造uniclinal structure迭瓦构造decken structure多孔构造hiatal texture构造裂隙,压力裂缝,节理diaclase 环带构造,带状构造zonal structure集合体构造aggregate structure结核状构造concretionary structure 球状构造globular structure蠕状构造myrmekitic structure网状构造mesh structure杏仁状构造amygdaloidal structure 眼状构造augen structure雁行构造,梯队构造echelon structure 叶理构造foliation structure柱状构造columnar struture6.1断层(fault)正断层,下落断层downthrown fault 逆断层,上冲断层upthrown fault平移断层displacement fault,strike-slip fault背斜断层anticlinal fault挤压断层compression fault剪切断层shear fault共轭断层conjugated faults雁列断层en echelon faults地垒断层horst fault迭瓦断层mbricate fault逆掩断层,上冲断层overthrust fault 张性断层tension fault深断层abyssal fault 活断层active fault可能活断层capable fault断层擦痕fault striation断层破碎带Fractured zone角砾岩Breccia碎裂岩Cataclasite糜棱岩Mylonite断层泥Fault clay挤压片状岩Sliced rock透镜体Lens石英脉Quartz vein绿帘石脉Epidote vein铁锈,腐锈斑aerugo断层破碎带Fault fractured zone 断层影响带Fault influenced zone 节理密集带Joints dense zone层间挤压面（带）Crushed bedding plane (zone)断层影响带Fault nfluenced zone 6.2褶皱(fold)褶皱作用folding褶皱轴axis of the fold褶皱核foldkern褶皱弧arc of folding褶皱带belt of folded strata弯曲褶皱(地层) buckled folding 扭曲褶皱contorted fold拖曳褶皱drag fold闭合褶皱closed fold直立褶皱erect fold断层褶皱fault fold向斜syncline背斜anticline复背斜anticlinorium倒转背斜overturned anticline倾伏背斜plunging anticline背斜断层anticlinal fault揉皱crumple6.3节理及夹层(joint and interbed)节理joint羽状节理feder joint(feather joint) 羽状张节理pinnate tension joint羽状剪节理pinnate shear joint柱状节理columnar joint张性节理,受拉接缝tension joint 张开节理open joint节理玫瑰图joint rosette裂隙Fissure裂隙充填物fissurae filling裂隙间距spacing of fissure裂隙孔隙率fissuration porocity裂隙密度closeness of fissures裂隙频数degree of fissure裂隙水,间隙水interstitial water 微裂缝,微裂隙microfissure层面,顺层面,岩层面,层理,层理面bedding plane断层面fault plane节理面joint plane片理面schistosity plane接合面combination plane 接触面contact plane错动层面faulted bedding plane 不整合面plane of unconformity 软弱面plane of weakness破裂面plane of fracture滑面gliding plane滑移平面,滑动平面slip plane夹层intercalation泥化夹层argillized seam软弱夹层weak intercalated layers siltized粘土夹层clay course6.4结构面性状平直Gentle波动起伏fluctuation,rolling,wave 光滑Smooth粗糙Rough7.物理地质现象7.1风化、蚀变、卸荷风化weathering风化带zone of weathering风化壳crust of weathering风化砂weathering sandstone风化程度weathering degree全风化completely weathered强风化highly weathered弱风化moderately weathered微风化slightly weathered新鲜fresh蚀变alteration物理蚀变physical alteration化学蚀变chemical alteration热液蚀变hydrothermal alteration 蚀变矿物altered mineral蚀变火山岩altered volcanic rocks 卸荷relaxation岩石松弛relaxation of rock应力松弛relaxation of stress卸载岩石,消除应力的岩石relaxed rock7.2崩塌、滑坡崩塌collapse滑坡landslide7.3岩溶(karst)岩溶地形karst topography岩溶[侵蚀]基准karst base level 岩溶景观karst landscape岩溶盆地karst basin岩溶井karst well岩溶水karst water岩溶侵蚀karst erosion 8．水文地质8.1地下水类型地下水,潜水ground water地下水位,潜水位ground water level 地下水排泄区discharge area of ground water地下水位坡降gradient of water table 孔隙潜水pore groundwater裂隙潜水fissure groundwater裂隙承压水fissure artesian groundwater8．2渗流状态渗流,渗漏seepage渗流控制seepage control渗流区vadose region渗流速度percolation velocity渗流压力percolation pressure渗透性permeability渗透系数coefficient of permeability 渗透流量seepage discharge9．岩体力学指标9．1岩石力学参数强度strength抗压强度compressive strength 抗剪强度shear strength抗拉强度tensile strength抗弯强度,抗折强度bending strength 单轴抗压强度uniaxial compressive strength单轴抗拉强度uniaxial tensile strength 无侧限抗压强度unconfined compressive strength无排水抗剪强度undrained shear strength残余强度residual strength长期强度long term strength峰值(抗剪强度) peak value (of shearing strength)凝聚力,内聚力cohesion围压强度strength under peripheral pressure9．2土力学参数变形deformation 弹性变形elastic deformation塑性变形plastic deformation弹塑性变形elastic-plastic deformation粘弹性变形viscoelastic deformation 粘滞塑性变形,粘塑性变性visco-plastic deformation均匀变形homogeneous deformation 不均匀变形nonaffine deformation不可恢复变形,永久变形irreversible deformation屈服变形yield deformation徐变变形,蠕变变形creep deformation 渗透变形seepage deformation9.3岩体力学参数弹性模量elasticity modulus变形模量deformation modulus 剪切模量shear modulus粘弹性模量viscoelastic modulus 压缩模量modulus of compression 10. 建筑材料(construction material)天然骨料natural aggregate人工骨料artificial aggregate粗骨料coarse aggregate细骨料fine aggregate碱活性骨料alkali-reactive aggregate 混凝土骨料concrete aggregate人工砂artificial sand掺和料admixture配料batching石料rock material土料earth material开挖料excavation material渣料rock spoil天然砂砾料natural sand and gravel 粉煤灰fly ash碎石土debrisc soil砾质土gravelly soil粘性土cohesive soil; clayey soil分散性土dispersive soil分散性dispersivity崩解性disintegration(slaking)活动性指数activity index细度模数fineness modulus(FM)骨料级配gradation间断级配gap gradation连续级配continuous gradation砂砾石sand and gravel针状颗粒needle-shaped particle片状颗粒flake-shaped particle 软弱颗粒soft particle平均粒径mean diameter比重specific gravity天然密度natural density干密度dry density最大干密度maximum drydensity最优含水量optjmum water content 天然休止角nature angle of repose 堆积密度piling density紧密密度compation density石料场rock quarrying土料场soil borrow area存料场stockpile弃渣场spoil area有用层effective layer无用层unavailable layer剥离层overburden stripping formation 剥采比stripping ratio剥离量overburden amount开采quarry运输transportation质量quality储量reserve运距haul distance水泥cenment11. 试验(experiment)岩土现场测试field investigation ofsoils and rocks土工原位测试in-situ measurement of soils标准灌入试验standard penetration test动力触探试验dynamic cone penetration test静力触探试验static cone penetration test比灌入阻力specific penetration resistanc旁压试验pressuremeter test载荷试验plate bearing test十字板剪切试验vane shear test岩体原位测试in-situ measurement of rocks三维应力测试three-dimensional stess measurement地应力测量geostress survey应力解除法stress relief method应力恢复法stress restoration method 狭缝法（刻槽法）narrow slot method 收敛测量convergence measurement 现场直剪实验in-situ shear test承压板试验bearing plate test水力致裂法hydrofracturing method 声测井acoustic emission well (AEW) 现场监测field monitoring压水试验water-pressure test吕荣试验Lugeon test抽水试验pumping test注水试验water injection test灌浆试验grouting test点荷载试验point-loading test回弹测试rebond hammar test实验室试验laboratory test取样sampling原状土样undisturbed soil sample扰动土样disturbed soil sample物理力学性试验physical and mechanic properties test颗粒分析grading analysis三轴试验triaxial test击实试验proctor compaction test崩解试验slaking test尺寸效应scale effect时间效应time effect长期观测long-term observation试验资料test data试验成果test result试验报告test report12.水工设计(hydraulic design)12.1设计阶段(design stage)河流规划river planning选坝selecting damsite预可行性研究pre-feasibility study可行性研究feasibility study初步设计preliminary design技施设计tech-construction design招标设计tender design施工详图设计detail construction drawing design12.2水工建筑物(hydraulic structure)水利枢纽hydroproject枢纽布置layout of hydroproject挡水建筑物water retaining structure 取水建筑物water intake structure泄水建筑物water release structure输水建筑物water conveyance structure通航建筑物navigation structure 过鱼建筑物fish pass structure永久性建筑物permanent structure临时性建筑物temporary structure水工建筑物级别工程规模project scale主坝main dam副坝auxiliary dam坝轴线dam axis坝高high dam坝长length of dam坝顶dam crest坝底dam base坝坡dam slope坝间dam abutment坝踵dam heel坝趾dam toe坝段dam monolith重力坝gravity dam实体重力坝solid gravity dam混凝土重力坝concrete gravity dam 碾压混凝土坝roller compacted concrete dam浆砌石重力坝masonry gravity dam 空腹重力坝hollow gravity dam宽缝重力坝slotted gravity dam预应力重力坝prestressed gravity dam溢流重力坝overflow gravity dam灌浆廊道grouting gallery排水廊道drainage gallery检查廊道inspection gallery交通廊道access gallery拱坝arch dam拱轴线centerline of arch单曲拱坝single curvature arch dam 双曲拱坝double curvature arch dam 抛物线拱坝parabolic arch dam椭圆形拱坝elliptical arch dam薄拱坝thin arch dam重力拱坝gravity arch dam空腹重力拱坝hollow gravity arch dam溢流拱坝overflow arch dam支墩坝buttress dam平板坝flat slab buttress dam大头坝massive-head dam连拱坝mutiple-arch dam土石坝earth-rock dam土坝earth dam均质土坝homogeneous earth dam粘土心墙土石坝clay core earth-rock dam沥青混凝土心墙土石坝asphaltic concrete core earth-rock dam 粘土斜墙土石坝sloping core earth-rock dam沥青混凝土面板土石坝asphaltic concrete facing earth-rock dam溢流土石坝overflow earth-rock dam 钢筋混泥土面板堆石坝reinforced concrete facing rockfill dam防浪墙wave wall (parapet)护坡slope protection防渗铺盖impervious blanket棱体排水prism drainage反滤层filter溢洪道spillway开敞式溢洪道open channel spillway 正常溢洪道main spillway非常溢洪道emergency spillway陡槽式溢洪道chute spillway虹吸式溢洪道siphon spillway进水渠entrance channel闸门gate泄槽chute跳流鼻坎flip bucket;deflecting bucket 出水渠outlet channel冲刷坑scour hole; washout水工隧洞hydraulic tunnel导流隧洞diversion tunnel泄洪隧洞spillway tunnel发电隧洞power tunnel灌溉隧洞irrigation tunnel放空隧洞emptying tunnel有压隧洞pressure tunnel无压隧洞free-flow tunnel不衬砌隧洞unlined tunnel排水隧洞drainage tunnel涵洞culvert填埋管buried pipeline沟埋管trenched pipeline钢性管rigid pipe柔性管flexible pipe钢筋混凝土管reinforced concrete pipe塔式进水口tower intake竖井式进水口shaft intake沉沙池sedimentation basin渡槽aqueduct(fiume)倒虹吸管inverted siphon落差建筑物drop structure通航建筑物navigation structure船闸navigation lock (ship lock)多级船闸muti-line lock (mutiple lock) 13.地质图件和图表13.1地质图件第四纪地质图quaternary geology map, quaternary geology plan 覆盖层地质图drift map, overburden map, drift plan基岩地质图bedrock map, bedrock plan构造地质图geological structure map, geological structure plan地质剖面图geological section, geological profile实测地质剖面图field-acquired geological profile横剖面图transverse profile, cross-section纵剖面图longitudinal profile综合柱状图composite columnar section立体投影图fence diagram钻孔柱状图geological log of drill hole , borehole log平硐展视图geological log of adit 水文地质图hydrogeological map 渗透剖面seepage profile等水位线图water table contour map实际材料图primitive data map, primitive data plan赤平投影图stereogram极点图point diagram等密图contour diagram节理玫瑰图rose diagram of joints, rosette joint diagram, strike diagram of joints区域地质图regional geological map水库地质图geological map of reservoir枢纽区工程地质图engineering geological plan of project area坝址区工程地质图engineering geological plan of damsite area引水渠尾水渠工程地质图engineering geological plan of Diversion and Tailwater channel厂房工程地质图engineering geological plan of power house浸没区及防护区工程地质图geological plan of immersion area and protection area天然建筑材料产地分布图distribution plan of a quarry and borrow areas for natural construction 坝址区实际材料图location plan of in-situ exploratory works on damsite心滩天然砂砾料场地质图geological plan of Xinta sand and gravel borrow area料场分布图 A distribute plan of borrow area土料场地质平面图geological plan of soil borrow area石料场地质平面图geological plan of rock quarry土料场地质剖面图geological section of soil borrow area石料场地质剖面图geological section of rock quarry坝轴线工程地质剖面图engineering geological profile of dam axis坝趾板线工程地质剖面图engineering geological section along dam plinth厂房机组中心线工程地质剖面图engineering geological profile along central line of turbo generator units坝轴线防渗帷幕水文地质剖面图hydrologic engineering geological profile along imrervious curtain on dam axis右岸引航道轴线工程地质剖面图engineering geological profile along right-bank navigation approach channel axis河床地质纵剖面图geological longitudinal profile of river bed上游围堰工程地质剖面图engineering geological profile upstream cofferdam下游围堰工程地质剖面图engineering geological profile downstream cofferdam上游子围堰轴线工程地质剖面图engineering geological section along axis of upstream cofferdam下游子围堰轴线工程地质剖面图engineering geological section along axis of downstream cofferdam施工大桥轴线工程地质剖面图engineering geological profile along proposed construction ridge axis防护堤工程地质剖面engineering geological profile along protection embankment心滩天然砂砾料场地质剖面图geological profile of xintan sand and gravel area引水渠工程地质纵剖面图engineering geological lognitudinal profile along approach channel厂房工程地质横剖面图engineering geological transverse section of powerhouse厂房纵1工程地质剖面图engineering geological longitvpinal profile Ⅰof poweehouse土料场工程地质剖面图engineering geological profile of soil material borrow area导流洞工程地质纵剖面图engineering geological section along diversion tunnel放空隧洞工程地质纵剖面图engineering geological section along intermediate outlet tunnel溢洪道工程地质纵剖面图engineering geological section along spillway route溢洪道工程地质横剖面图engineering geological cross section of spillway区域主干断裂及强震带分布图Distribution of the regional major faults and pleistoseismic zones 工程区外围地震危险区active seismic zones around the project area 枢纽区Ⅱ、Ⅲ级结构面走向玖瑰图Strike rose diagram of discontinuity plane class Ⅱ、Ⅲin the project area 枢纽区Ⅱ、Ⅲ级结构面极点等密图Pole contour diagram of discontinuity plane classⅡ、Ⅲin the project area 枢纽区f、g极点等密图Pole contour diagram of f and g on the project area枢纽区左岸节理极点等密图Pole contour diagram of joints on the left bank in project area左岸坝肩上、下游侧边坡开挖示意图The schematic diagram of upstream and downstream side slop excavating on the left abutment砂砾层天然砂颗分曲线图Gradation curve of natural sand in sand and gravel layer心滩天然砂砾料场初勘探布置示意图Sketch map of exploratory arrangement during detailed exploration for Xintan sand and gravel borrow area天然含水量随深度变化图Variation of natural Moisture content with depth左岸颗粒分析粒配曲线图Grain size distribution curve of the left bank 左岸料区ρd~ω关系曲线图Left bank borrow area ρd ~ ωrelationship curves孔隙比（e）与（p）关系图Relationship between void ratio (e) and pressure (p)抗剪强度与垂直压力的关系曲线图Relationship curves between shear strength and vertical pressure物探工作布置图Layout of geophysical prospecting workA剖面地震勘探成果图Results of seismic prospecting on A profile PD2平洞锤击法Vp成果图V P results of hammer-blow survey on left wall of PD2aditZK14钻孔电阻率测井柱状图Log of comprehensive logging of ZK14 drillhole尾水渠开挖线excavation line of tailwater channel开采线excavation depth开挖线excavation line原地面线natural ground工程建筑物轮廓线outline of engineering structure正常蓄水位线normal storage water level设计蓄水位线design storage level 正常蓄水位normal WL.死水位min operating WL.百年洪水位100-tear flood WL. 正常尾水位normal TWL.最低尾水位min TWL.校核洪水位check flood WL.设计洪水位design flood WL.水库蓄水位线及高程storage leave and elevation of reservoir 料场范围线boundary of borrow area or quarry area普查范围线boundary line of general survey初查储量计算范围线boundary line of preliminarily investigated reserves风化界线boundary of weathered zones地下水位线groundwater level相对隔水层界线boundary of relative confining bed坝基开挖线及高程dam foundation excavation line and EL.厂房开挖线及高程powerhouse excavation line and EL.剖面线及编号geological section line and numbed, profile line and No. 端点end point转点transition测量控制点control point of survey接图表index to adjoining sheets 交厂横cross section of plant location 交纵1 cross profile 1剖面交点cross point of profile剖面距离distance勘探深度depth勘探间距spacing剖面方向direction13.2地质图表料场概况一览表summary ofborrow areas and quarry ones with construction各坝料颗粒分析级配曲线gradation curves of rock fill materials 表3-1泉水类型及流量Table 3-1 type and discharge of springs钻孔地下水位Groundwater level in drill holes钻孔压水试验单位吸水量汇总Summerized unit leakage rate value of water pressure test in drill holes钻孔岩芯试验室试验成果Laboratory testing of drill corn冲积层砂砾石试验成果Test results of alluvial gravel and sands冲积层粘土试验成果Test results of alluvial clay现场承压板变形模量试验成果In-situ plate-bearing test results现场剪力试验成果In-situ shear test resultsVp测定成果Results of Vp measurements现场地应力测量成果In-situ stress measurement results土料试验成果汇总表Test results of earth material土料试验成果表Test results of soil物理力学性试验成果Physical and mechanical test results显微镜鉴定矿物组成结果Mineral composition determined by microscope化学分析成果Results of chemical analysis岩石试验综合成果表Physical and mechanical properties化学分析结果Results of chemical analysis砂桨膨胀率试验成果Test results of mortar expansion ratio 化学试验结果Result of chemical tests节理统计表Summary of join可行性研究阶段完成钻探工作量统计表Completed drilling work quantities at feasibility study stage可行性研究阶段完成坑、槽探工作量统计表Completed test pits and trenches prospecting work quantities at feasibility study stage岩石力学现场试验项目及工作量统计表Field rock test items and their work quantities可行性研究阶段钻孔地下水位长期观测汇总表summary of long-term groundwater table observations in the drill holes at feasibility study in the project area工作量统计表Summary of work quantity本区地震统计表seismic summary in the region历史地震对坝址影响烈度表Influence intensity of the historic earthquake on the damsite工程区断层主要特征表Main characteristics of the fault in theproject area库区滑坡、崩塌体特征表Characteristics landslide and collapse in reservoir area库区褶皱形态特征表Characteristics of fold form in reservoir area库区断裂汇总表Summary of faults in reservoir area水库库岸分段特征及稳定性评价表Evaluation on stability and divisional characteristics on reservoir banks库区断裂破裂长度与诱发地震强度关系表The relationship between the induced earthquake magnitudeand the fractured length of the reservoir fault景洪水电站枢纽区结构面分级表Classification of discontinuity planes in project area枢纽区主要断层、挤压带汇总表Summary of major faults and compressive zones in project area枢纽区f、g发育特征表Dereloped characteristics of f and g in the project area枢纽区断层、挤压带（面）破碎带矿物分析成果表Mineral analysis results of the faults andcompressive zone (planes) in project area枢纽区断层、挤压带（面）破碎带物质化学分析成果表Chemical analysis results of mineral from faults and compressive zones (planes) in project area 枢纽区滑坡、松动体特征表Characteristics of landslide and loosened mass in project area枢纽区主要冲沟特征汇总表summary of characteristics of major gully in project area景洪水电站岩体风化程度分级表Classification of the weathering degree of rock mass of the Jinghong hydropower project枢纽区覆盖层及风化深度表Overburden layer and weathering depth in project area景洪水电站坝址区水质简分析成果汇总表Summary of simple analysis of water quality in dam area of Jionghong hydropower project枢纽区地下水水位长期观测资料统计表Summary of long-term observation data for groundwater table in project area枢纽区风化带、破碎带透水性统计表Permeability of the weathered and fractured zone in the project area岩石物理力学性试验成果汇总表Summary of test results of physico-mechanical property of rock 岩体现场变形试验成果表Results of in-situ deformation test of rock mass枢纽区各类岩体M、E建议值Recommended value of M & E of various type of the rock mass in the project area枢纽区各类岩体抗剪强度指标建议。
水文中英术语
水文中英术语水文基本术语和符号标准Standard for essential technical terms andsymbols in hydrology水 water水圈 hydrospherebody水体 waterscience水科学 water水文学 hydrologyhydrology陆地水文学 landhydrology应用水文学 applied工程水文学 engineeringhydrologywater地表水 surface地下水 groundwatervapour水汽 waterelements水文要素 hydrologic降水 precipitation蒸发 evaproration径流 runoff水位 stage流速 velocity流量 dischargeconcentration 含沙量 sedimentdischarge输沙率 sedimenttemperature 水温 waterrun冰凌 icequality水质 water下垫面 underlyingsurfaceregime水文情势 hydrologic水文效应 hydrologiceffectcycle水文循环（水循环） hydrologicbalance水量平衡 waterbalance热量平衡 heatbalance盐量平衡 salt大气水汽含量atmospheric water vapour content 大气水汽输送atmospheric water vapour transport 水汽输送通量atmospheric water vapour flux雨 rainarea降雨面积 rainfalldistribution降雨分布 rainfallseason雨季 rainy雪 snowcover积雪 snowsnow初雪 first终雪 latestsnow融雪 snowmelt雹（冰雹） hail截留 interceptiondetention 填洼 depression detention地面滞留 surfaceland陆面蒸发（总蒸发） evaporationof水面蒸发evaporation of water surface 土壤蒸发evaporation from soil散发（植物蒸腾） transpiration capability蒸发能力 evaporation下渗（入渗） infiltrationinfiltration稳渗 steadycapability下渗能力 infiltrationrunoff河川径流 river降雨径流rain fall runoffrunoff暴雨径流 storm融雪径流 snowmelt runoff枯季径流dry season runoffflow基流 base洪水 floodflood暴雨洪水 stormflood冰凌洪水（凌汛） ice冰雪洪水 ice-snowfloodmelt雨雪混合洪水rain and snowmelt floodflood山洪 flashflood溃坝洪水 dam-breakcirculation 大气环流 atmosphericsituation天气形势（环流形势） weatherprocess天气过程 weathersystem天气系统 weather行星尺度天气系统planetary scale weather system 天气尺度天气系统synoptic weather system中小尺度天气系统meso and micro-scale weather system surge风暴潮 stormcenter风景中心 stormtrough西风槽 westerlywave东风波 easterly低压槽 trough高压脊 ridge副热带高压 subtropichighhigh阻塞高压 blocking低空急流 low-leveljet低涡 vortex反气旋（高压） anticyclone气旋（低压） cyclone热带气旋 tropiccyclone热带低压 tropic depressionstorm热带风景 tropicstormtropic强热带风景 severe台风 typhoon气团 airmass锋（锋面） front天气 weather气象 meteorology气候 climateregionalization 气候区划 climatic zone气候带 climaticchange气候变化 climatic小气候 microclimatezone热带 tropiczone副热带（亚热带） subtropiczone温带 extratropiczone寒带 frigid季风 monsoon梅雨（霉雨） plumrains暴雨 stormrain阵雨 showery地形雨 orographicrainrain台风雨 typhoon热带气旋雨rainfall in tropic cyclone雷暴 thunderstormeffect温室效应 greenhousepicture卫星云图 satellitecloudpressure气压（大气压强） atmospheric pressure海平面气压 sea-level temperature气温 airtemperature 地温 ground temperature湿球温度 wet-bulb湿度 humidity水汽压 vapourpressurevapourpressure 饱和水汽压 saturation humidity绝对湿度 absolutehumidity相对湿度 relativedeficit饱和差 saturationhumidity比湿 specific风 winddirection风向 windspeed风速 wind蒲福风级Beaufort wind scale露 dewpoint露点 dew雾 fog霜 frostpoint霜点 frostfrost初霜 firstfrost终霜 latest霜冻 frostabiteperiod无霜期 frost-free(basin)流域 watershed流域面积（集水面积） drainage areabasin闭合流域 enclosedbasin不闭合流域 non-enclosed闭流区（内流区）blind drainage area 分水线（分水岭） divide characteristics流域特征 basin流域几何特征basin geometric characteristics流域长度 basinlength流域平均高程basin elevation meanmeanwidth流域平均宽度 basin流域平均坡度basin slope mean流域不对称系数coefficient of basin nonsymmetric流域面积增长率growth ration of drainage area流域自然地理特征physiographic characteristic of basin net水系（河系） hydrographicnetwork 人工河网 artificialdrainagedensity河网密度 drainagechannel明渠 open河流 river河源 headwaters冲沟 gully溪流 brook支流 tributarystream干流 main分支 forkchannel 串沟 bifurcation运河 canalriver外流河 exorheicriver内陆河 endorheicchannel减河 relief河道复流（河道再生） resurgence stream常年河 perennialstream间歇河（时令河） intermittent stream悬河（地上河） elevatedriver夺流河（断头河） captured stream盈水河 gainingstream亏水河 losingstream暴洪河流 flashyriver地下暗河（地下河） underground river界河 boundaryriver国际河流 internationalriver废河道（古河道） dead岸 bankbank左岸 leftbank右岸 rightbank凹岸 concavebank凸岸 convexwall岸壁 landline水边线（岸线） water 堤防 leveelength河长 river河弯 riverbend弯曲率 tortuosity channel 航道 navigable 河段 reach上游 upstream中游 midstream下游 downstream reach控制河段 control reach顺直河道 straight reach弯曲河段 bentreach扩散河段 expanding收缩河段 convergingreach游荡河段 wanderingreach感潮河段 tidalcutoff裁弯取直 channel河槽（河床） channelchannel稳定河槽 stable不稳定河槽（冲淤河槽） unstable channelchannel主槽 mainchannel单式河槽 single复式河槽 compoundchannelcross-section河道横断面 river河道纵断面 riverprofilelongitudinalcharacteristics 断面特性 cross-section 河床形态 channelmorphology浅滩 shoal急滩 cataract河漫滩 flood三角洲 deltaisland江心洲 channelbar潜洲 submergedpool深潭 deep水力学 hydraulicschannelhydraulics明渠水力学 open水静力学 hydrostatics水动力学 hydrodynamicsflowchannel明渠水流 openflow恒定流 steadyflow非恒定流 unsteadyflow均匀流（等速流） uniform非均匀流（变速流）non –uniform flow flow急流 supercriticalflow缓流 subcriticalcurrent异重流（密度流） density临界流 criticaldepth临界水深 criticalvelocity临界流速 criticaldischarge临界流量 critical水头 headhead位置水头（位能） elevation head压强水头（压能） pressure head流速水头（动能） velocity head有效水头 effectiveloss水头损失 head沿程水头损失frictional head loss loss局部水头损失 localhead比降 slope能面比降 energyslopeslope水面比降 surfaceslope摩阻比降 friction附加比降（加速比降） addslope河道比降（河床比降） channel水面横比降transverse slope of water surface slope倒比降 inverse总水头线total head linesurfaceprofile 水面线 water糙率 roughness谢才系数 chezy coefficient谢才公式 chezy formulaformula曼宁公式 manningfactor输水系数（输水率） conveyancejump水跃 hydraulic水舌 nappecurve回水曲线（壅水曲线） backwaternumber弗汝德数 froudenumber雷诺数 reynoldsnumber韦伯数 weberfactor水力因素 hydraulicperimeter 湿周 wetted水力半径 hydraulic radius宽深比 width-depthratio中泓线midstream of channel深泓线 thalweg落差 fall瀑布 waterfall波浪 wavewave驻波 standingwave移动波 translationdynamics河流动力学 riversediment河流泥沙 river泥沙特性property of sediment erosion土壤侵蚀 soilerosion水力侵蚀 watererosion山洪侵蚀 torrential流域侵蚀 basinerosion流域产沙量watershed sediment yield load全沙 totalload悬移质 suspendedload推移质 bedmaterial床沙 bedload床沙质 bedmaterial冲泻质 washload河流泥沙运动sediment transport in river泥沙起动incipient motion of sediment起动流速 competentvelocitydischarge造床流量 dominant泥沙密度density of sediment高含沙水流flow with hyperconcentration of sediment flow泥石流 debris水流挟沙能力sediment transport capacity of flow process河床演变 fluvial冲刷 scour淤积 sedimentationbalance沙量平衡 sedimenttransport泥沙办理移 sediment浆河现象sediment delivery ratio揭河底现象tearing of river bed quality天然水质 naturalwater水化学 hydrochemistry solids溶解性总固定 total dissolvedconcentration离子含量 ion concentration离子总量 totaliondischarge离子流量 ion矿化度 mineralcontent盐度 salinityvaluePH值 pH碱度 alkalinity酸度 acidityrain酸雨 acidconductivity电子率 electric浑浊度（浊度） turbidity总需氧量total oxygen demand oxygen溶解氧 dissolveddemand需氧量 oxygendemand 生化需氧量 biochemical oxygen化学需氧量chemical oxygen demand硬度 hardnesshardness碳酸盐硬度（暂时硬度） carbonate hardness非碳酸盐硬度（永久硬度） non-carbonate water硬水 hardwater软水 softregime冰情 icestream结冰河流 ice-frozenstream封冻河流 freeze-up稳定封冻河流stable freeze-up stream非稳定封冻河流unstable freeze-up stream period结冰期 ice-frozen初生冰 initialicespicule冰针 iceice冰凇 rimeice圆扁冰 pan-cakeslush冰花 frazilice岸冰 border初生岸冰initial border ice固定岸冰 fixediceborderice 冲积岸冰 agglomerated border再生岸冰regenerative border ice borderice残余岸冰 residualice雪冰 slushice水内冰 underwater冰屑 shugaboundary冰底边 icebasereef冰礁 ice冰桥 icebridgerunice流冰花 slushice浮冰 floatingice锚冰 anchorperiod封冻期 freeze-up封冻（封河） freeze-up freeze-up平封 flat立封 uprightfreeze-up 冰盖 ice cover连底冻grounded ice cover冰丘 icemound封冻冰缘ice edge of freeze-up 清沟 lead初生清沟 primaryleadlead再生清沟 secondary冰花路毡sludge road felt冰上覆雪 snow cover over ice ridge冰脊 ice冰缝 crackpack悬冰 ice冰准 icejam冰塞 aufeis冰上结冰 break-upperiod解冻期color change of ice cover冰变色color change of ice cover冰上冒水 upwellingwatermeltof冰上有水 accumulation层冰层水ice cover with intercalated water layers 融冰 thawing冰层塌陷ice sheet depressionicecover冰层浮起 floating冰滑动dislodging of ice cover解冰（开河） break-up文开河 tranquilbreak-upbreak-up武开河 violent流冰 icerunpackice流冰堆积 driftingdam冰坝 iceaccumulation残冰堆积 residual潮汐 tidelevel潮位（潮水位） tidaltide涨潮 flood落潮 ebbtidetide高潮 high低潮 lowtidetide平潮 dead涨潮潮差flood tidal range落潮潮差ebb tidal range高潮间隙high lunitidal interval 低潮间隙low lunitidal interval inequality日潮不等 diurnal月中天 lunartransitforcegeneration引潮天 tidaltide天文潮 astronomictide气象潮 meteorologic潮汐周期 tidaltide半日潮 semidiurnaltide全日潮 diurnaltide混合潮 mixedtide大潮 spring小潮 neaptidetide中潮 moderateday太阴日 lunartideof潮期 duration涨潮历时duration of tidal rise 落潮历时duration of tidal fall current潮流 tidal涨潮流flood tidal current落潮流ebb tidal currenttide憩流 slackvelocity潮流速 tidalcurrent往复流 reversing旋转流 rotarycurrent潮流期duration of tidal current涨潮流历时duration of flood current落潮流历时duration of ebb current涌潮 bore河口 estuaryhydrology河口水文 estuarine河口水流 estuarineflowtide河口潮汐 estuarine河口演变fluvial processes of estuarybar拦门沙 estuarinedelta河口三角洲 estuarineflat滩涂（海涂） tidalhydrology地下水水文学 groundwater水文地质学 hydrogeologydynamics地下水动力学 groundwatersystem地下水系统 groundwater地下水流域drainage basin of groundwater divide地下水分水岭 groundwater地下水动态 groundwater regimebalance地下水均衡 groundwatermovement地下水运动（渗流） groundwatermodel地下水模型 groundwaterstorage地下水储量 groundwaterreservoir地下水水库 groundwaterrunoff地下水径流 groundwater地下水流速velocity of groundwater flow地下水坡度（地下水水面坡度）hydraulic gradient of groundwater地下水等水位线图water-table contour map含水层 aquiferseriesrock含水岩系 water-contentformationrock含水岩组 water-content含水岩性water-content rock propertymedium含水介质 water-bearing均匀介质 homogeneousmediummedium非均匀介质 inhomogeneousboundary含水层边界 aquifer透水边界 permeableboundaryboundary隔水边界 confiningboundary弱透水边界 aquitardbed透水层 permeablebed隔水层 confining弱透水层 aquitardparameters 水文地质参数 hydrogeological渗透系数 permeabilitycoefficient 导水系数（释水系数）coefficient of transmissivity 贮水系数 storativity水位传导系数（水力扩散系数）coefficient of water table conductivity压力传导系数coefficient of pressure conductivitycoefficient越流系数 leakageindex延迟指数 delay影响半径 influenceradius补给带宽度range of recharge zone水位削减值drawdown value interference分子扩散系数coefficient of molecular diffusion机械弥散系数（水力弥散系数）coefficient of mechanical dispersion水动力弥散系数coefficient of hydrodynamiczone包气带 aerationzone饱和层 saturatedwater土壤水 soilwater结合水 boundwater吸着水 absorbedwater薄膜水 pellicularwater上层滞水 perchedwater渗入水 infiltrationwater凝结水 condensationwater毛管水 capillary毛管上升高度height of capillary rise毛管压力水头capillary pressure headcontentmoisture土壤含水量 soilcontentmoisture饱和含水量（全持水量） saturatedcoefficient 饱和度 saturationpotentialwater土水势 soilcapacity 持水度 water-holdingconstantsmoisture土壤水分常数 soil土壤吸湿系数absorption coefficient of soil moisture coefficient 调萎系数 wiltingcapacity田间持水量 field毛管断裂含水量moisture content at capillary rupture 最大分子吸水量maximum molecular moisture content 零通量面法zero flux plane methodwater 潜水 phreaticrecharge降水入渗补给 precipitation降水入渗补给系数coefficient of precipitation recharge recharge 地表水补给 surfacewaterrecharge 凝结水补给 condensationrecharge侧向补给 lateral越流补给 leakagerechargecoefficient of groundwaterrecharge灌溉补给系数 irrigation潜水蒸发phreatic water evaporation潜水蒸发临界深度critical depth of phreatic water evaporation 潜水溢出量phreatic water overflow to surface潜水位phreatic water level潜水埋深buried depth of phreatic water levelofphreatic water aquifer潜水含水层厚度 thicknesswater重力水 gravityyield给水度 specificwater 承压水 confinedbedconfining隔水顶板 upperbed 隔水底板 lowconfining承压含水层厚度thickness of confined aquifer承压水头confined water headwell自流水井 artesian含水层天窗skylight of upper confining bedwater孔隙水 poreaquifer孔隙含水层 porous孔隙＿裂隙含水层 pore-fissureaquiferporosity有效孔隙度 effective water裂隙水 fissure aquifer裂隙含水层 fissured ratio裂隙度 fissure岩溶（喀斯特） karst water岩溶水 karstcave溶洞 karstaquifer岩溶含水层 karst泉 springspring 温泉 thermal spring 矿泉 mineral 湖泊 lakelake外流湖 exorheic lake内流湖 endorheic lake淡水湖 freshlake咸水湖 saltlake盐湖 salinelake季节性湖泊 seasonallake富营养湖泊 eutrophiclake贫营养湖泊 poornutrientcurrent湖流 lake梯度流 gradientcurrent漂流current of frictionwave湖浪 lake湖浙波漾（假潮） lakeseichedenivellationwind湖泊增减水 lakeresources湖泊资源 lakeratio湖泊率 lake湖泊补给系数recharge coefficient of lake 湖泊换水周期lake residence period basin湖盆 lake湖面高程elevation of water level in lake 岛屿率 insulositylayering湖泊分层 lake正温层direct thermal stratification逆温层inverse thermal stratification湖泊形态参数morphometric parameter of lakearea湖泊面积 lake湖泊容量 storagelakeoflake湖泊长度 lengthofoflake湖泊宽度 width湖泊最大深度maximum depth of lake湖泊平均深度mean depth of lake湖泊岸线长度length of lake shoreline湖泊岸线发育系数development coefficient of lake shoreline 水库 reservoir水库特征水位characteristic water of reservoirstorage 库容 reservoirstorage静库容 stillstorage动库容（楔形库容） dynamiccurve 库容曲线 state-capacity水库特征库容characteristic storages of reservoir seepage水库渗漏 reservoir水库淤积 reservoirsedimentation水库诱发地震reservoir induced earthquake水库拦沙效率sediment trap efficiency of reservoir 沼泽 miremire潜育沼泽 not-peatmire泥炭泽 peat低位沼泽（富营养沼泽）low level mirelevelmire高位沼泽（贫营养沼泽） mainmire中位沼泽（中营养沼泽） mediumlevelhydrology沼泽水文 miremireofbalance沼泽水量平衡 waterwater沼泽水 mireevaporation沼泽蒸发 mirerunoff沼泽径流 mire沼泽表面流surface flow of mire沼泽表层流surface layer flow of mire沼泽含水性moisture property of mire沼泽特水性water retention of miremire沼泽透水性 perviousnessofratio沼泽率 mire冰川 glacierglacier山地冰川（山岳冰川） mountain glacier谷冰川 valley宽尾冰川 broad-tailglacierglacier冰斗冰川 cirqueglacier悬冰川 hangingglacier贯通冰川（山麓冰川） penetrating field冰原 ice冰川平衡线equilibrium line of glacier line雪线 snowarea消融区 ablationarea堆积区 accumulationvariations冰川变化 glacierflow冰川运动 glacier雪崩 avalanche冰雪融水径流 ice-snowrunoffmelt水文测验 hydrometryreconnaissance 水文勘测 hydrologic水文遥感技术remote-sensing technology in hydrology 水文空间技术space technology in hydrology水文核技术nuclear technology in hydrology全球定位系统global positioning system遥测 telemetrygauging驻测 stationarygauging巡测 tourgauging间测 intermittentgauging检测 testgauging校测 correctivegauging委托观测 entrustinstrument水文仪器 hydrologicinstrument直接仪器 direct-readinginstrument 自记仪器 automatic-recording遥测装置remote telemetry unit传感器 sensorstorage固态存贮器 solid计数器 counter记录器 recorderunit显示器 display平均无故障工作时间mean time between failures stage相应水位 equivalentstation水文测站 hydrometricstation基本站 basicstation辅助站 auxiliarystation专用站 special水文实验站hydrologic experimental station基准水文站bench mark hydrologic station station水文气象站 hydrometeorologicstationgauging巡测站 tourstation水文站 gauging大河控制站main-stream control station区域代表站regional representative station station小河站 small-streamstation河道站 riverstation水库站 reservoirstation渠道站 canal湖泊站 lakestation堰闸站weir and sluice stationstation水位站 stagegauginglevelstation湖水位站（验潮站） tidal水库水位站reservoir stage gauging station湖泊水位站lake stage gauging stationstationgauging雨量站（降水量站） rain配套雨量站complete set rain gauging stationyard雨量观测场 rainobservation水面蒸发站water surface evaporation station陆上水面蒸发场water surface evaporation yard on land 漂浮水面蒸发场floating water surface evaporation yard station水抩站（水质监测站） waterqualitystation泥沙站 sediment地下水观测井observation well of groundwater水文站网 hydrologicnetworkhydrologicnetwork基本站网 basic流量站网streamflow gauging networknetwork雨量站网 raingauging水面蒸发站网water surface evaporation network水位站网 stagenetworkgauging泥沙站网sediment gauging networknetwork水质站网 wagerquality地下水观测井网groundwater observation well network planningnetwork站网规划 hydrologicregionalization 水文分区 hydrologiclayout站网布设 networkanalysis站网分析 networkexamination站网检验 network optimization站网优化 network adjustment站网调整 networkdensity站网密度 networkdensity现实密度 realdensity可用密度 usablenetwork容许最稀站网 minimum设站年限station required age information水文信息 hydrologicbenefit水文效益 hydrologic基面 datumdatum绝对基面（标准基面） absolute datum假定基面 arbitrarydatum测站基面 stationdatum冻结基面 stationarycontrol测站控制 stationcontrol河槽控制 channelcontrol断面控制 sectioncontrol人工控制 artificial槛式控制river bottom control control测验河段 sill水流平面图flow plane map map水道地形图 channel topographicsign断面标志 cross-section stake断面桩 cross-sectionrod标志杆 signrod辐射杆 radiationline基线 basestake基线桩 baseline水准点 benchmark基本水准点 basic benchmarkbenchmark核准水准点 checkbenchmark临时水准点 temporary测验断面 measuringcross-section基本水尺断面basic gauge cross-section measuring cross-section流速仪测流断面 current-metercross-sectionmeasuring浮标测流断面 floatcross-section比降水尺断面 slopemeasuring辅助水尺断面secondary gauging cross-section cross-sectionmeasuring临时测流断面 temporarycableway水文缆道 hydrometriccableway悬索缆道 suspended悬杆缆道suspended rod cableway cableway机动缆道 motorizedcableway手动缆道 hand-operatingcable主索 maincable循环索 loopcable起重索 suspension水文缆车hydrometric cable car吊船过河索cableway for anchoring boat devicemeasuring缆道测验仪 cablewayboat水文测船 hydrometricbridge水文测桥 hydrometric桥测车gauging vehicle on bridge水文巡测车tour gauging vehicle for hydrometry 水准测量 levelingleveling跨河水准测量 rive-crossing水尺零点测量survey of gauge zonesurvey控制测量 control高程控制测量vertical control survey平面控制测量horizontal control surveysurvey导线测量 traverse三角测量 triangulation距离测量 distancesurveysurvey河道观测 rivesurvey地形测量 topographicsurvey碎部测量 detailsurvey水下地形测量 underwater topographic降水量 precipitation雨量 rainfalldepth积雪深度 snowdensity积雪密度 snow雪水当量water equivalent of snow duration降水历时 precipitationintensity降雨强度 rainfall降水日数number of precipitation days observation降水量观测 precipitation雨量器 raingaugereceiver承水器 raingaugeglass量杯 measuringraingauge累积雨量器 accumulativerecorder雨量计 rainfall虹吸式雨量计siphon rainfall recorder翻斗式雨量计tipping-bucket rainfall recorder长期雨量计long-term rainfall recorder遥测雨量计telemetering rainfall recorderradar 测雨雷达 precipitation-monitoring雪量器 snowgauge雨雪量计rain and snow recorder蒸发量 evaporation蒸发量观测 evaporationobservation蒸发量折算系数reduction coefficient of evaporation ratio遮挡率 screen蒸发器 evaporationpanpanevaporation小型蒸发器（蒸发皿） smallE-601蒸发器evaporation pan of type E-601panevaporation漂浮蒸发器 floating蒸发计 evaporimeterevaporimeter遥测蒸发计 telemeteringobservation水位观测 stage水尺零点 gauge zerostage最高水位 maximumstage最低水位 minimumstage平均水位 mean水位变幅fluctuation range of stage observation比降观测 slope涨落率rate of rise and fall。
水文地质基础名词解释
1．水文地质学：水文地质学是研究地下水的科学。
它研究与岩石圈、水圈、大气圈、生物圈以及人类活动相互作业下地下水水量和水质的时空变化规律，并研究如何运用这些规律去兴利除害，为人类服务。
2．地下水：地下水是赋存于地面以下岩石空隙中的水。
3．矿水：含有某些特殊组分，具有某些特殊性质，因而具有一定医疗与保健作用的地下水。
4．自然界的水循环：自大气圈到地幔的地球各个层圈中的水相互联系、相互转化的过程。
5．水文循环：发生于大气水、地表水和地壳岩石空隙中的地下水之间的水循环。
6．地质循环：地球浅层圈和深层圈之间水的相互转化过程。
7．大循环：海洋与大陆之间的水分交换。
8．小循环：海洋或大陆内部的水分交换。
9．绝对湿度：某一地区某一时刻空气中水汽的含量。
10．相对湿度：绝对湿度和饱和水汽含量之比。
11．饱和差：某一温度下，饱和水汽含量与绝对湿度之差。
12．露点：空气中水汽达到饱和时的气温。
13．蒸发：在常温下水由液态变为气态进入大气的过程。
14．降水：当空气中水汽含量达饱和状态时，超过饱和限度的水汽便凝结，以液态或固态形式降落到地面。
14．径流：降落到地表的降水在重力作用下沿地表或地下流动的水流。
15．水系：汇注于某一干流的全部河流的总体构成的一个地表径流系统。
16．水系的流域：一个水系的全部集水区域。
17．分水岭：相邻两个流域之间地形最高点的连线。
18．流量：单位时间内通过河流某一断面的水量。
19．径流总量：某一时间段内，通过河流某一断面的水量。
20．径流模数：单位流域面积上平均产生的流量。
21．径流深度：计算时段内的总径流量均匀分布于测站以上整个流域面积上所得到的平均水层厚度。
22．径流系数：同一时段内流域面积上的径流深度与降水量的比值。
23．岩石空隙：地下岩土中的空间。
24．孔隙：松散岩石中，颗粒或颗粒集合体之间的空隙。
25．孔隙度：松散岩石中，某一体积岩石中孔隙所占的体积。
26．裂隙：各种应力作用下，岩石破裂变形产生的空隙。
水利水文术语表 中英对照
水圈 hydrosphere水体 water body水科学 water science水文学 hydrology陆地水文学 land hydrology应用水文学 applied hydrology工程水文学 engineering hydrology水汽 water vapour水文要素 hydrologic elements积雪 snow cover终雪 latest snow融雪 snowmelt冰雹 hail截留 interception填洼 depression detention地面滞留 surface detention陆面蒸发 evaporation of land水面蒸发 evaporation of water surface 土壤蒸发 evaporation from soil散发（植物蒸腾） transpiration蒸发能力 evaporation capability下渗（入渗） infiltration 稳渗 steady infiltration下渗能力 infiltration capability 河川径流 river runoff降雨径流 rainfall runoff暴雨径流 storm runoff融雪径流 snowmelt runoff枯季径流 dry season runoff基流 base flow阴塞高压 blocking high低空急流 low－level jet低涡 vortex反气旋（高压） anticyclone气旋（低压） cyclone热带气旋 tropic cyclone热带低压 tropic depression热带风暴 tropic storm强热带风暴 severe tropic storm气团 air mass锋（锋面） front气象 meteorology气候区划 climatic regionalization 气候带 climatic zone小气候 microclimate副热带（亚热带）subtropic zone比湿 specific humidity蒲福风级 Beaufort wind scale霜点 frost point霜冻 frostbite无霜期 frost－free period流域 watershed (basin)闭合流域 enclosed basin不闭合流域 non－enclosed basin闭流区（流区） bling drainage area分水线（分水岭） divide流域几何特征basin geometric characteristics河道复流（河道再生） resurgence常年河 perennial stream间歇河 intermittent stream悬河（地上河） elevated stream夺流河（断头河） captured river盈水河 gaining stream亏水河 losing stream暴洪河流 flashy stream 界河 boundary river废河道（古河道） dead river凹岸 concave bank凸岸 convex bank岸壁 land wall水边线（岸线） water line堤防 levee河长 river length河弯 river bend弯曲率 tortuosity航道 navigable channel河段 reach潜洲 submerged bar水利学 hydraulics明渠水力学 open channel hydraulics 水静力学 hydrostatics水动力学 hydrodynamics明渠水流 open channel flow恒定流 steady flow非恒定流 unsteady flow均匀流（等速流） uniform flow非均匀流（变速流） non－uniform flow急流 supercritical flow缓流 subcritical flow异重流 density current临界流 critical flow临界水深 critical depth临界流速 critical velocity临界流量 critical discharge水头 head位置水头（位能） elevation head 低强水头（压能） pressure head 流速水头（动能） velocity head 雷诺数 Reymold number韦伯数 Weber number水力因素 hydraulic factor湿周 wetted perimeter水力半径 hydraulic radius宽深比 width－depth ratio落差 fall驻波 standing wave移动波 translation wave河流动力学 river dynamics山洪侵蚀 torrential erosion 流域产沙量 watershed sediment yield溶解性总固体 total dissolved solids离子含量 ion concentration离子总量 total ion concentration离子流量 ion discharge矿化度 mineral content盐度 salinity碱度 alkalinity酸度 acidity电导率 electric conductivity混浊度（浊度） turbidity总需氧量 total oxygen demand溶解氧 dissolved oxygen需氧量 oxygen demand生化需氧量 biochemical oxygen demand滑雪需氧量 chemical oxygen demand硬度 hardness非碳酸盐硬度（永久硬度） non－carbonate hardness浮冰 floating ice锚冰 anchor ice封冻期 freeze－up period封冻（封河） freeze－up平封 flat freeze－up立封 upright freeze－up冰盖 ice cover连底冻 grounded ice cover冰丘 ice mound封冻冰缘 ice edge of freeze－up清沟 lead初生清沟 primary lead再生清沟 secondary lead冰花路毡 sludge road felt冰上覆雪 snow cover over ice冰脊 ice ridge冰缝 crack悬冰 suspended ice cover冰堆 ice pack冰塞 ice jam冰上结冰 aufeis解冻期 break－up period冰变色 color change of ice cover冰上有水 accumulation of melt water 月中天 lunar transit 引潮力 tidal generation force天文潮 astronomic tide气象潮 metorologic tide潮汐周期 tidal cycle半日潮 semidiurnal tide全日潮 diurnal tide混合潮 mixed tide大潮 spring tide小潮 neap tide中潮 moderate tide太阴月 lunar day潮期 duration of tide涨潮历时 duration of tidal rise 落潮历时 duration of tidal fall 潮流 tidal current涨潮流 flood tidal current落潮流 ebb tidal current憩流 slack tide潮流速 tidal velocity往复流 reversing current旋转流 rotary current潮流期 duration of tidal current涨潮流历时 duration of flood current地下水流速 velocity of groundwater flow 地下水坡度（地下水水面坡度）hydraulic gradient of groundwater地下水等水位线图 water－table contour map含水层 aquifer含水岩系 water－content rock series含水岩组 water－content rock formation 含水岩性 water－content rock property 含水介质 water－hearing medium均匀介质 homogeneous medium非均匀介质 inhomogeneous medium含水层边界 aquifer boundary透水边界 permeable boundary隔水边界 confining boundary弱透水边界 acquitted boundary透水层 permeable bed隔水层 confining bed弱透水层 acquitter水文地质参数 hydrogeological parameters 渗透系数 permeability coefficient 导水系数(释水系数）coefficient of transmissivity贮水系数 storativity水位传导系数（水力扩散系数）coefficient of water table conductivity 压力传导系数coefficient of pressure conductivity持水度 water－holding capacity土壤水分常数 soil moisture constants土壤吸湿系数 absorption coefficient of soil moisture凋萎系数 wilting coefficient田间持水量 field capacity毛管断裂含水量moisture content at capillary rupture 最大水分吸水量maximum molecular moisture content零通量面法 zero flux plane method潜水 phreatic water降水入渗补给 precipitation recharge降水入渗补给系数coefficient of precipitation recharge地表水补给 surface water recharge凝结水补给 condensation recharge侧向补给 lateral recharge越流补给 leakage recharge灌溉补给系数irrigation recharge coefficient of groundwater潜水蒸发 phreatic water evaporation潜水蒸发临界深度critical depth of phreatic water evaporation潜水溢出量 phreatic water overflow to surface潜水位 phreatic water level潜水埋深 buried depth of phreatic water level潜水含水层厚度thickness of phreatic water aquifer流湖 endorheic lake淡水湖 fresh lake咸水湖 salt lake盐湖 saline lake季节性湖泊 seasonal lake富营养湖泊 eutrophic lake 贫营养湖泊 poornutrient lake湖流 lake current梯度流 gradient current漂流 current of friction湖泊波漾（假湖） lake seiche湖泊增减水 lake wind denivellation湖泊率 lake ratio湖泊补给系数recharge coefficient of lake湖泊换水周期 lake residence period湖盆 lake basin湖面高程 elevation of water level in lake 岛屿率 insulosity湖泊分层 lake layering正温层 direct thermal stratification逆温层 inverse thermal stratification 湖泊形态参数 morphometric parameter of lake高位沼泽（贫营养沼泽） main level mire 中位沼泽（中营养沼泽） medium level mire 沼泽水量平衡 water balance of mire沼泽水 mire water沼泽蒸发 mire evaporation沼泽径流 mire runoff沼泽表面流 surface flow of mire沼泽表层流 surface layer flow of mire 沼泽含水性 moisture property of mire沼泽持水性 water retention of mire沼泽透水性 perviousness of mire沼泽率 mire ratio冰川 glacier山地冰川（山岳冰川） mountain glacier 谷冰川 valley glacier宽尾冰川 broad－tail glacier冰斗冰川 cirque glacier悬冰川 hanging glacier贯通冰川（山麓冰川） penetrating glacier 冰原 ice field冰川平衡线 equilibrium line of glacier 委托观测 entrust gauging水文仪器 hydrologic instrument直读仪器 direct－reading instrument自记仪器automatic－recording instrument 遥测仪器 remote telemetry unit固态存贮器 solid storage计数器 counter记录器 recorder显示器 display unit平均无故障工作时间mean time between failures相应水位 equivalent stage水文测站 hydrometric station基本站 basic station辅助站 auxiliary station专用站 special station水文试验站hydraulic experimental station基准水文站 bench mark hydrologic station 水文气象站 hydrometeorology station巡测站 tour gauging station水文站 gauging station雨量站网 rain gauging network水面蒸发站网water surface evaporation network水位站网 stage gauging network泥沙站网 sediment gauging network水质站网 water quality network地下水观测井网groundwater voservation well network站网规划 hydrologic network planning水文分区 hydrologic regionalization站网布设 network layout容许最稀站网 minimum network设站年限 station required age基面 datum临时水准点 temporary benchmark测验断面 measuring cross－section基本水尺断面 basic gauge cross－section 流速仪测流断面current－meter measuring cross－section 浮标测流断面float measuring cross－section比降水尺断面slope measuring cross－section辅助水尺断面secondary gauging cross－section临时测流断面temporary measuring cross－section水文缆道 hydrometric cableway悬索缆道 suspended cableway悬杆缆道 suspended rod cableway机动缆道 motorized cableway手动缆道 hand－operating cableway循环索 loop cable起重索 suspension cable水文缆车 hydrometric cable car吊船过河索 cableway for anchoring boat 缆道测验仪 cableway measuring device 水文测船 hydrometric boat水文测桥 hydrometric bridge桥测车 gauging vehicle on bridge水文巡测车tour gauging vehicle for hygrometry雨量器 raingauge承水器 raingauge receiver量杯 measuring glass渠积雨量器 accumulative raingauge雨量计 rainfall recorder虹吸式雨量计 siphon rainfall recorder翻斗式雨量计tipping－bucket rainfall recorder长期雨量计 long－term rainfall recorder 遥测雨量计telemetering rainfall recorder测雨雷达precipitation－monitoring radar雪量线 snow gauge雨雪量计 rain and snow recorder蒸发量 evaporation蒸发量观测 evaporation observation蒸发量折算系数reduction coefficient of evaporation遮挡率 screen ratio蒸发器 evaporation pan小型蒸发器（蒸发皿） small evaporation panE－601型蒸发器evaporation pan of type E－601漂浮蒸发器 floating evaporation pan蒸发计 evaporimeter遇测蒸发计 telemetering evaporimeter 钩形水尺 hook gauge最高水位水尺 crest stage gauge校核水尺 check gauge基本水尺断面 basic gauge辅助水尺断面 auxiliary gauge比降水尺断面 slope gauge临时水尺 temporary gauge水位计 stage gauge自记水位计 stage recorder浮子式水位计 float－type stage recorder 压力式水位计pressure－type stage recorder超声波水位计 ultrasonic stage recorder 遥测水位计 telemetering stage recorder 接触试水位计contact－type stage recorder远传水位计 telecontrol stage recorder 自记水位计台stage recorder installation静水井 stilling well测得水深 measured depth有效水深 effective depth相对水深 relative depth断面平均水深 mean depth at a cross－section干绳改正 air line correction湿绳改正 wet line correction测点流速 velocity measurement测速垂线 surface velocity水面流速 velocity at a point测点流速 maximum point velocity最大测点流速velocity－measuring vertical垂线平均流速 mean velocity at a vertical 部分平均流速 mean velocity at a segment 断面平均流速cross－section velocity distribution浮标流速 point velocity coefficient中泓流速 surface velocity coefficient流速分布 velocity distribution流速梯度 velocity gradient垂线流速分布vertical velocity distribution断面流速分布cross－section velocity distribution水面流速分布surface velocity coefficient顺流 downstream flow逆流 upstream flow流速脉动 velocity pulsation中泓流速 midstream流向测量 flow－direction measurement体积法 cubature流速仪 current－meter转子式流速仪rotating－element current－meter旋杯式流速仪 cup－type current－meter 旋桨式流速仪 propeller－type current－meter电波流速仪 electric wave current－meter 超声波剖面流速仪ultrasonic profile current－meter多普勒流速仪 Doppler current－meter参证流速仪 reference current－meter流量计 flow meter文杜里水流计 Venturi flow meter毕托管 Pitot tube流速仪检定 current－meter calibration 检定槽 calibration tank检定车 calibration carriage水面浮标 surface float小浮标 small float双浮标 double float浮杆 float－rod堰顶高程 elevation of weir crest堰顶水头 weir head水工建筑物测流flow measurement by hydraulic structure 闸门开启高度 gate opening行近河槽 approach channel行近流速 approach velocity堰流 weir flow流态 flow regime自由流 free flow淹没流 submerged flow半淹没流 half－submerged flow孔流 sluice flow射流 jet flow 淹没比 submergence ratio淹没系数 submergence coefficient流速系数 velocity coefficient流量系数 discharge coefficient稀释法测流 dilution method for discharge measurement示踪剂 tracer标准溶液 standard solution背景浓度background concentration solution稀释比 dilution ratio推移质输沙率测验bed load discharge measurement器策法 sampling method坑测法 pit method沙波法 dune tracking method床沙测验 bed material measurement照相法 photographic method打印法 stamp pad method床沙采样器 bed material sampler悬移质采样器 suspended sediment sampler 瞬时式采样器 instantaneous sampler积时式采样器 time－integrating sampler 瓶式采样器 bottled sampler皮囊式采样器 collapsible sample泵式采样器 pumping sampler调压式采样器pressure adjustable sampler同位素测沙仪radioisotope sediment concentration meter光电测沙仪photoelectric sediment concentration meter振动式测沙仪vibrational sediment concentration meter 推移质采样器 bed load sampler网式采样器 basket－type sampler吸管 pipet光电颗分仪 photoelectric particle size meter比重计（密度计） hydrometer泥沙沉降 sediment settling沉降速度 settling velocity 平均沉速 mean settling velocity絮凝 flocculation反凝剂 defloeculant粒径 particle diameter中数粒径 median particle diameter平均粒径 mean particle diameter等容粒径 nominal diameter投影粒径 projected diameter三轴平均粒径triaxial mean particle diameter几何平均粒径geometric mean particle diameter筛析粒径 sieve diameter沉降粒径 settling diameter粒径组 fraction of particle size颗粒级配 grain－size distribution颗粒级配曲线 grain－size distribution curve单样颗粒级配index sample grain－size distribution 垂线平均颗粒级配mean grain－size distribution in avertical对照断面 check cross－section控制断面 control cross－section消减断面 attenuation cross－section水样保存 water－sample preservation检出率 detected ratio超标率 over－limit ratio痕迹量 trace未检出 nonreadout回收率 recovery ratio溶解气体采样器 dissolved gases sampler 冰情观测 ice－regime observation固定点冰厚测址fixed－point ice thickness measurement 冰情目测visual observation of ice regime冰情符号 ice code冰情图 ice－regime charta初冰日期 first－ice date封冰日期 freeze－up date解冻日期 break－up date终冰日期 end ice date 封冻历时 freeze－up duration水浸冰厚 thickness of immersed ice敲露水面宽 open－water width冰流量 ice discharge等深点流速改正法revised isobath－velocity method流速过程线改正法revised velocity－hydrograph method有效潮差 significant tidal range负波高 negative wave height水库水文测验 hygrometry of reservoir入库水量 reservoir inflow出库水量 reservoir outflow水库供水 reservoir water supply水库弃水surplus water released frome reservoir 水库渗漏量 reservoir seepage volume水库蓄水变量variation of reservoir storage水库蓄水变率 rate of reservoir storage change坝上水位 stage behind dam库区水位 stage in reservoir region水库淤积测量reservoir sedimentation survey水库淤积量reservoir sedimentation volume地形法 method of topographic survey断面法 method of cross－section survey 淤积形态morphology of reservoir deposition淤积三角洲 sedimentation delta淤积物密度dry density of reservoir deposition岩溶地区水文调查hydrologic investigation in karst areas实际地表集水面积actual surface colleting area水文实验研究experimental research in hydrology代表流域 representative basin实验流域 experimental basin相似流域 similar basin径流实验研究 experimental research in runoff径流场 runoff plot人工降雨装置 artificial rainfall device 蒸发实验研究experimental research in evaporation蒸发池 evaporation tank土壤蒸发器 soil evaporator蒸散器 evapotranspirometer农田蒸发器 evaporator for agricultural land蒸渗仪 lysimeter地下水均衡场 groundwater balance plot 合理性检查 rational examination电算整编 processing by computer水文年鉴 water year－book测站考证 station examination站年 station year极值 extreme value加权平均法 weighted mean method断流水位 stage of zero flow河干 river of zero flow水文过程线 hydrograph水文综合过程线 synthetic hydrograph等值线 isopleth分布曲线 distribution curve水文特征值hydrologic characteristic value径流总量 total runoff径流模数 runoff modulus径流系数 runoff coefficient洪峰 flood peak洪水流量 peak discharge洪水总量 flood volume输沙模数 modulus of sediment runoff水位流量关系 stage－discharge relation 连时序法 chronological method绳套曲线 loop curve流量过程线法discharge hydrograph method潮汐要素法 tidal factor relation method 定潮汐要素法constant tidal factor relation method 合轴相关法 coaxial correlation method 一潮推流法method of discharge computation for a single tide水位流量关系 single－valued processing of stage－discharge relation关系曲线延长 extension of relation curve 流率表 rating table单断沙关系index and cross－section average sediment concentration relation 单断沙关系曲线法index and cross－section aerage sediment concentration relation curve method水位单断沙比关系曲线法stage versus ratio of index and cross－section average sediment concentration relation curve method单断沙比过程线法 hydrograph method of index and cross－section average sediment concentration ratio单样过程线法 hydrograph method of index sediment concentration真值 true value测量值（实测值） measured value最或然值 most probable value绝对误差 absolute error相对误差 relative error插机误差（偶然误差） random error允许误差 permissible error伪误差（粗差） spurious方差 variance标准差 standard deviation相对标准差 relative standard deviation 离差（偏差） deviation闭合差 closure error平差 adjustment精密度 precision准确度 correctness垂线抽样误差（M型误差）measuring vertical sampling error分布式数据库 distributed type data base 集中式数据库 concentrated type data base 网络式数据库 network type data base层次数据库 laminarization data base层次数据模型 laminarization data model 网状数据模型 network data model数据量 data bulk 结点 node水文数据库 hydrologic data base水文基本数据库hydrologic basic data base湖泊水文预报 hydrologic firecasting of lake施工水文预报hydrologic forecasting for construction period潮汐预报 tidal prediction旱情预报 soil moisture forecasting地下水动态预报groundwater regime forecasting预见期 forecast lead time超长期水文预报extended long－term hydrologic forecasting作业预报 operational forecasting预报方案 forecast scheme评定标准 accuracy standard方案合格率 qualified ratio of scheme确定性系数 deterministic coefficient汛 seasonal flood伏汛 summer flood汛期 flood season防汛 flood defence报汛站 flood－reporting station报汛站网 flook－reporting network常年水情站perennial hydrologic reporting station 汛期水情站hydrologic reporting station inflood season辅助水清站网auxiliary hydrologic reporting network 洪水警报 flood warning点雨量 point rainfall面雨量 areal rainfall泰森多边形 Thiessen polygon等雨量线法 isohyetal method产流 runoff yield蓄满产流 runoff yield at natural storage 超渗产流runoff yield in excess of infiltration 产流面积 area of runoff yield地表径流（直接径流） direct runoff地面流（坡面流） surface flow of mire 壤中流 prompt subsurface flow前期影响雨量 antecedent rainfall土壤缺水量 soil moisture deficit下渗能力曲线（下渗曲线）infiltration capability curve初损 initial losses后损（后渗）continuing losses坡面汇流 overland flow concentration河网汇流（河槽汇流）river network flow concentration地下汇流 groundwater flow concentration 汇流曲线 flow concentration curve流域汇流曲线 basin flow concentration curve坡面汇流曲线overland flow concentration curve河网汇流曲线river network flow concentration curve 地下汇流曲线groundwater flow concentration curve流域汇流时间 basin flow concentration time洪峰滞时 peak time lag流域滞时 basin time lag等流滞时 isochrone单位线 unit hydrograph经验单位线 empiricat unit hydrograph综合单位线 synthetic unit hydrograph瞬时单位线instantaneous unit hydrograph地貌瞬时单位线geomorphologic instantaneous unit hydrograph坡地单位线 slope unit hydrograph河网单位线 river network unit hydrograph S－曲线 S－curve无因次单位线dimensionless unit hydrograph退水曲线 recession curve水文模型 hydrologic model水文物理模型（水文实体模型）hydrophysical model比尺模型 scale model比拟模型 analogue model水文数学模型hydrologic mathematic model水文概念模型physically－based hydrologic mathematic model水文数学物理模型deterministic hydrologic model确定性水文模型stochastic hydrologic model分散式模型 distributed model集总式模型 lumped model线性水温模型 linear hydrologic model非线性水文模型nonlinear hydrologic model时不变水文模型time－invariant hydrologic model时变水文模型 time－variant hydrologic model流域水文数学模型hydrologic mathematic model of watershed模型结构 model structure模型参数 model parameter模型误差 model error模型率定 model calibration模型检验 model verification水文模拟 hydrologic simulation遥测终端机 telemetry terminal meter中继机 relay meter前置通信控制机preset communication controller自报式系统 self－reporting system查询－应答式系统polling－answerback system混合式系统 mix system时分制遥测系统time－division telemetry system频分制遥测系统frequency－division telemetry system误码率 probability of word error接受率 receiving probability设计站 design station设计流域 design watershed 代表站 representative station参证站 bench－mark station典型年（代表年） typicyear水文系列 hydrologic series同步系列 synchronous series系列代表性 series representativeness柱状图 histogram诺谟图 monogram输沙量计算（固体径流计算）computation of sediment runoff水库回水计算computation of reservoir backwater水库淤积计算computation of reservoir sedimentation 水库下游河道冲刷计算computation of degradation below reservoir溃坝洪水计算evaluation of dam break flood感潮河段水力计算 hydraulic calculation for tidal reach样本容量 sample size随机变量 random variable随机系列 random series累计频率（频率） cumulative frequency 经验频率 empirical frequency水文频率分布曲线（水文频率曲线）hydrologic frequency distribution curve 皮尔逊分布 Pearson distribution对数正态分布 log normal distribution频率分析 frequency analysis随机模拟 stochastic simulation时间序列 time series随机水文分析hydrologic stochastic analysis趋势项 trend term周期项 cycle term随机项 stochastic term调和分析（谐波分析） harmonic analysis 潜分析 spectrum analysis回归分析（相关分析） regression analysis 相关系数 correlation coefficient自回归分析 autoregression analysis逐步回归分析stepwise regression analysis设计供水 design flood溢洪道设计洪水 spillway design flood分期设计洪水 stage design flood施工设计洪水design flood for construction period校核洪水 check flood实测洪水 observed flood调查洪水 investigated flood古洪水 paleoflood坝址洪水 dam－site flood入库洪水 reservoir inflow flood分项调查法item－by－item investigation method降雨径流模型法rainfall－runoff model method蒸发差值法evaporation difference method径流年分配 annual distribution of runoff 径流多年变化multiyear variation of runoff丰水期 high－water period平水期 normal－water period枯水期（枯季） low－flow period丰水年 wet year平水年（中水年） normal year枯水年 dry year特枯水年 extraordinary dry year连续丰水年 continuous wet years连续枯水年 continuous dry years水文年鉴 water year设计雨型 design storm pattern暴雨路径 storm track暴雨时程分配 time distribution of storm 暴雨地区分布special distribution of storm暴雨参数等值线 storm parametric isoline map点面换算系数point－area conversion coefficient定点定面关系fixed point－fixed area relationship可能最大露点 probable maximum dew point 暴雨移置改正storm transposition correction流域形状改正 watershed shape correction 水汽改正 moisture correction入流障碍改正 inflow obstacle correction 综合改正 synthetic correction暴雨幅合分量convergence component of storm地形增强因子topographic increasing factor等百分数法 isopercental method可能最大洪水 probable maximum flood涝 surface water logging渍 subsurface waterlogging排涝 surface waterlogging control排渍 subsurface waterlogging control排涝规划 waterlogging control planning 排涝标准standard for waterlogging control排涝计算computation of waterlogging control设计排涝流量design discharge for surface drainage设计排渍流量 design drainage discharge of subsurface waterlogging control设计排涝水位design water level for surface drainage 水荒 water famine水资源评价 water resources assessment 水资源基础评价water resources basic assessment水量评价 water quantity assessment水质评价 water quality assessment地表水资源评价surface water resources assessment水资源评价指标indexes of water resources assessment 水资源总量total amount of water resources地表水资源量surface water resources amount地下水资源量groundwater resources amount可利用量 utilizable water地下水可开采量groundwater available yield可供水量 available water supply径流调节 runoff regulation综合利用水库调节（多目标水库调节）reservoir regulation for comprehensive utilization水库调洪 reservoir flood routing水库供水调节reservoir regulation for water supply 水电站径流调节runoff regulation of hydropower regulation水库反调节 reregulating reservoir水库群调节 multi－reservoir regulation 径流调节计算computation of runoff regulation时历法（长系列操作法） chronological series method概率法（数理统计法） probability method 随机模拟法 stochastic simulation method 调节周期 regulating period目标函数 objective function约束方程 constraint equation状态变量 state variable决策变量 decision variable数学规划 mathematic programming线性规划 linear programming非线性规划 nonlinear programming水库防洪调度flood control scheduling of reservoir 水库实时调度real－time reservoir scheduling水库群调度 multi－reservoir scheduling 水库预报调度reservoir scheduling based on forecast 抽水蓄能 pumped storage水沙调度scheduling of water and sediment水环境 water environment水环境要素（水环境基质）water environment elements水环境背景值（水环境本底值）water environmental background value水生态系统 aquatic ecosystem 化学径流 chemical runoff环境用水 environmental water环境水文学 environmental hydrology环境水力学 environmental hydraulics环境水化学 environmental hydrochemistry 地下水超量开采 groundwater overdraft人工补给（人工回灌） artificial recharge 地下水降落漏斗 groundwater depression cone化学水污染 chemical water pollution无机物水污染water pollution by inorganic substances 有机物水污染water pollution by organic substances 有毒物质水污染water pollution by toxic substances放射性水污染radioactive water pollution热污染 thermal pollution生物水污染 water pollution by organism 富营养化 eutrophication次生水污染 secondary water pollution地下水污染 groundwater pollution水污染常规分析指标index of routine analysis for water pollution水污染遥感监测remote－sensing monitoring of water pollution污染物 pollutant污染物迁移 transport of pollutant机械迁移 physical transport物理－化学迁移physicochemical transport人为污染源 artificial pollution source 天然污染源 natural pollution source污染源调查 investigation of pollution sources污染源控制 pollution source control水质参数 water quality parameters水质模型 water quality model水温模型 water temperature model水质生物评价biologic assessment of water quality 水环境效益 water environmental effect 水污染环境效应 environmental effect of water pollution水环境保护water environmental protection水质规划 water quality planning河流水质规划river water quality planning水库水质规划reservoir water quality planning水污染综合防治规划planning of comprehensive water pollution control 水源保护区protection zone of water source蒸发 evaporation水位 stage流速 velocity流量 discharge含沙量 sediment concentration输沙率 sediment discharge水温模型 water temperature冰凌 ice run水质 water quality下垫面 underlying surface水文情势 hydrologic regime水文效应 hydrologic effect水文循环（水循环） hydrologic cycle水量平衡 water balance热量平衡 heat balance盐量平衡 salt balance大气水汽含量atmospheric water vapour content大气水汽输送atmospheric water vapour transport水汽输送通量 atmospheric water vapour flux降雨面积 rainfall area降雨分布 rainfall distribution暴雨洪水 storm flood冰凌洪水（凌讯） ice flood冰雪洪水 ice－snow melt flood雨雪混合洪水 rain and snowmelt flood山洪 flash flood溃坝洪水 dam－break flood 大气环流 atmospheric circulation行星尺度天气系统planetary scale weather system天气尺度天气系统synoptic scale weather system中小尺度天气系统meso and micro－scale weather风暴潮 storm surge风暴中心 storm center西风槽 westerly trough东风波 easterly wave低压槽 trough高压脊 ridge副热带高压 subtropic high温带 extratropic zone寒带 frigid zone季风 monsoon梅雨（霉雨）plum rains阵雨 showery rain地形雨 aerographic rain热带气旋雨 rainfall in tropic cyclone 卫星云图 satellite cloud picture气压（大气压强） atmospheric pressure 海平面气压 sea－level pressure湿球温度 wet－bulb temperature水汽压 vapour pressure饱和水汽压 saturation vapour pressure 绝对湿度 absolute humidity相对湿度 relative humidity饱和差 saturation deficit流域长度 basin length流域平均高程 basin elevation mean流域平均宽度 basin width mean流域平均坡度 basin slope mean流域不对称系数coefficient of basin nonsymmetric流域面积增长率 growth ratio of drainage area流域自然地理特征physiographic characteristics of basin 水系（河系） hydrographic net人工河网 artificial drainage network河网密度 drainage density明渠 open channel headwaters冲沟 gully溪流 brook分支 fork串沟 bifurcation channel外流河 exoreic river陆河 endothecia river减河 relief channel控制河段 control reach顺流河段 straight reach弯曲河段 bent reach扩散河段 expanding reach收缩河段 converging reach游荡河段 wandering reach感潮河段 tidal reach裁弯河段 channel cutoff稳定河槽 stable channel不稳定河槽（冲淤河槽） unstable channel 主槽 main channel单式河槽 single channel复式河槽 compound channel河道横断面 river cross－section河道纵断面 river longitudinal profile 断面特性 cross－section characteristics 河床形态 channel morphology浅滩 thoal急潭 cataract河漫滩 flood plain江心湖 channel island有效水头 effective head水头损失 head loss沿程水头损失 frictional head loss局部水头损失 local head loss能面比降 energy slope水面比降 surface slope摩阻比降 friction slope附加比降（加速比降） add slope河道比降（河床比降） channel slope水面横比降transverse slope of water surface倒比降 inverse slope总水头线 total head line水面线 water surface profile糙率 roughness 才系数 Chezy coefficient才公式 Chezy formula曼宁公式 Manning formula输水因数（输水率） conveyance factor水跃 hydraulic jump水舌 nappe回水曲线（壅水曲线） hackwater curve弗汝德数 Froude number悬移质 suspended load推移质 bed load床沙 bed material床沙质 bed material load冲泻质 wash load河流泥沙运动 sediment transport in river 泥沙起动 incipient motion of sediment 起动流速 competent velocity造床流址 dominant discharge泥沙密度 density of sediment高含沙水流flow with hypereoncentration of sediment 泥石流 debris flow水流挟沙能力。
水文地质与工程地质常见的专业英语词汇
水文地质与工程地质常见的专业英语词汇第一篇：水文地质与工程地质常见的专业英语词汇水文地质与工程地质常见的专业英语词汇（勘察报告类）水文地质类孔隙水：pore water裂隙水：crevice-water；fracture water 抽水试验：pumping test 压水试验：water pressure testHydraulic pressure test 注水试验：water injection test 渗透系数：coefficient of permeability 包气带：zone of aeration 上层滞水：perched water 潜水：phreatic water承压水：confined water 含水层：aquifer地下水侵蚀性：groundwater erosion降排水工程：dewatering and drainage engineering 多孔介质：porous medium水质标准：water quality standard地下水水质：quality of the groundwater 流域：valley, basin地下水 groundwater地下水流域groundwater catchment地下水条件；地下水情况groundwater condition地下水连通实验groundwater connectivity test地下水量枯竭groundwater depletion地下水流量；地下水溢流 groundwater discharge地下水分水岭groundwater divide地下水排水工程groundwater drainage works地下水流向groundwater flow direction地下水位 groundwater level 地下水监测 groundwater monitoring地下水污染 groundwater pollution岩土参数标准值：standard value ofgeotechnical parameter土工试验：soil engineering tests 现场检验：in-situ inspection 现场监测：in-situ monitoring工程地质测绘：engineering geological mapping 地基土：foundation soil岩土层：layer，stratum(复strata)地基承载力特征值：characteristic value ofsubgrade bearing 地基变形允许值：allowable subsoil deformation 地基处理：ground treatment 复合地基：composite foundation 承载力：bearing capacity 持力层：bearing stratum 桩：pile承台：pilecap钻孔灌注桩：drilled concreting piles 人工挖孔桩：hand-excavated hole piles(artificial hole piles)沉管灌注桩：driven cast-in-place pile 深层搅拌桩: deep mixing method预制桩：pretesting piles静压桩：static-driving pile(Jack Up Pile)高压旋喷灌注：high-pressure rotary grouting 桩基础：pile foundation桩—土—承台：pile-soil-pilecap动力触探：dynamic sounding标准贯入试验：SPT(standard penetration technique)土钉：soil Nailing地质灾害：geological hazards 管涌：piping泥石流：mud-rock flow滑坡：landslide指标：index(复indexes或indices)地下水水压测试 groundwater pressure measurement地裂缝：ground fissure 地下水体系groundwater regime地下水位groundwater table地下水位变动 groundwater table fluctuation工程地质类原位测试：in-situ tests 地震烈度：seismic intensity;earthquake intensity 岩土工程勘察报告：geotechnical investigation report 地震基本烈度：basic seismic intensity 不良地质作用：adverse geologic action 场地卓越周期：site predominant period建筑场地类型：site classification for construction 剪切波速：equivalent velocity of shear wave 静力触探：static cone penetration test剪切波速测试：measurement of sheer-wave velocity 液化：liquefaction阐述：is presented;statement;be discussed 阐明：expound 涉及：deal with揭示：discover;show;exhibit得出结论：draw a conclusion from;地震影响：earthquake effects（或）：come to a conclusion 地下水对混凝土无侵蚀性：the groundwater has little 认为：firmly believe erosion to reinforced concrete 边坡：slope 锚固：anchoring 阶地：terrace 岩溶区：karst area 淤泥：sludge(muck)风化：weather 冲积：alluvial(.adj.)残积土：residual soil 填土：fill人工杂填土：artificial mixed fills 粉土：silt.粉砂：silty sand 细砂：fine sand 粗砂：coarse sand 砾石：gravel 卵石：cobble 漂石：block海相粘土：marine clay颗粒级配：grain size distribution 湿度：soil moisture 塑限：plastic limit 粘聚力：cohesion塑性指数：plasticity index物理力学指标：physical and mechanical indices 抗剪强度：shear strength岩石抗压强度：comprehensive strength of rock 地基加固：ground stabilization 土壤加固：soil stabilization 挡土墙：retaining wall 胀－缩：swell-shrink 敏感性：susceptibility 膨胀灵敏度：swell sensitivity 超固结土：overconsolidated clay翻译常用英语单词建议：suggest 值：value性质：properties, characteristics 厚度：thickness在论文最后：at the end of the thesis 断定：conclude that---数量：quantity确定：determine拟建：a structure planning to build证实：confirm 住宅楼：dwelling综合办公楼：composite office building 小区：district达到标准：come up to the standards 选择为：be chosen for 核实：make sure 统计：statistics(n)统计数字：statistical figure防治对策：prevention strategic measure 水量丰富：rich in water resources 组分：constituent结果：as a consequence 引起：give rise to地质类词汇岩浆岩：igneous rock变质岩：metamorphic rock 沉积岩：sedimentary 白云岩：dolomite白云质灰岩：dolomitic limestone 凝灰岩：tuff 安山岩：andesite 花岗岩：granite 玄武岩：basalt泥岩：mudstone硅质页岩：siliceous shale 板岩：slate（岩层）走向：strike（岩层）倾角：dip angle（岩层）产状：strike-dip（区域）地质构造：tectogenesistectonic movement 构造活动性：tectonic activity 张节理：tension joint 活断层：active fault 地裂缝：ground fissure 粘土矿物：clay mineral中华人民共和国国家标准GB/T 14157—93水文地质术语 Hydrogeologic terminology路桥基勘察：墩：pier桥墩：reinforced concrete bridge piers 高速公路：express highway，expressway 国道：national way 路基：roadbed 路线：route路段：a section of a highway水文地质学 hydrogeology水文地质学原理(普通水文地质学)principles of hydrogeology(general hydrogeology)地下水动力学groundwater dynamics 水文地球化学 hydrogeochemistry专门水文地质学applied hydrogeology 供水水文地质学water supply hydrogeology 矿床水文地质学 mine hydrogeology 土壤改良水文地质学reclamation hydrogeology 环境水文地质学environmental hydrogeology 同位素水文地质学isotopic hydrogeology 区域水文地质学 regional hydrogeology 古水文地质学 pa1eohydrogeology 水循环 water cycle水圈 hydrosphere 岩石圈 lithosphere 包气带 aeration zone 毛细带 capillary zone 饱水带saturated zone地下水动力垂直分带dynamical vertical zoning of groundwater 大气降水atmospheric precipitation 地表水surface water 土壤水 soil water 空隙 void第二篇：工程地质以及水文地质GC工程地质学：是将地质学的原理运用于解决工程地基稳定性问题的一门学科。
水文地球化学专业术语（中英文对照）
水文地球化学专业术语（中英文对照）水文地球化学1 水文地球化学基础1.1 水化学 hydrochemistry研究天然水化学成分的形成、分布和演变的学科。
1.2 地下水物理性质physical properties of groundwater地下水的比重、温度、透明度、颜色、味、嗅味、导电性、放射性等物理特性之总和。
1.3 地下水化学成分chemical constituents in groundwater地下水中各类化学物质之总称。
它包括离子、气体、有机物、微生物、胶体以及同位素成分等。
1.4 库尔洛夫式 kurllov formation以类似数学分式形式表示单个水样化学成分的含量和组成的方法。
1.5 水文地球化学作用hydrogeochemical process在一定地球化学环境下，影响地下水化学成分形成、迁移和变化的作用。
1.5.1 水解作用 hydrolytic dissociation地下水与岩石相互作用，成岩矿物的晶格中，发生阳离子被水中氢离子取代的过程。
1.5.2 溶滤作用 lixiviation地下水与岩石相互作用，使岩石中一部分可溶成分转入水中，而不破坏矿物结晶格架的作用。
1.5.3 蒸发浓缩作用evaporation—concentration process地下水遭受蒸发，引起水中成分的浓缩，使水中盐分浓度增大，矿化度增高。
1.5.4 混合作用mixing hydrochemical reaction in groundwater两种或两种以上不同成分水之间的混合，使原有水的化学成分发生改变的作用。
1.5.5 阳离子交替吸附作用cation exchange and adsorption地下水与岩石相互作用，岩石颗粒表面吸附的阳离子被水中阳离子置换，并使水化学成分发生改变的过程。
1.5.6 脱碳酸作用 decarbonation在温度升高，压力降低的情况下，CO2自水中逸出，而HCO-3含量则因形成碳酸盐沉淀减少的过程。
水文学原理-中英文专业词
水文学原理-中英文专业词水文学原理Principle of hydrologyChapter 1 绪论绪论：introduction大气圈（aerosphere）水圈（hydrosphere）岩石圈（lithosphere）生物圈（biosphere）人类圈（anthroposphere）中国四大水问题（four major water issues in China）水多（more）：洪水（floods）水少（less）：干旱（droughts）水浑（turbid）：水土流失（soil and water losses）水脏（dirty）：水污染（water pollution）水平/垂直结构（horizontal/vertical structure）河流学(potamology/river hydrology) 湖沼学(limnology/lake hydrology) 水库(reservoir)冰川水文学(glacier hydrology) 地下水水文学（groundwater hydrology）水文气象学(hydrometeorology) 积云(cumulus) 河口水文学(estuary hydrology)流域水文学(basin hydrology) 全球水文学(global hydrology)水文学中的环境同位素(environmental isotopes in hydrology)Chapter 2 水文循环水文循环：hydrological cycle海洋蓄水(water storage in oceans) 蒸发（evaporation）凝结（condensation）大气蓄水（water storage in the atmosphere）冰雪蓄水（water storage in ice and snow）降水（precipitation）散发（transpiration）蒸散发（evapotranspiration）升华（sublimation）凝华（desublimation）地表径流（surface/direct runoff）融雪径流（snow melt runoff to streams）河川径流（streamflow）泉水（spring）淡水储存（freshwater storage）下渗（infiltration）地下水出流（groundwater discharge）地下水储存（groundwater storage）大/中/小尺度（macro-scale/mesoscale/microscale）开放/封闭系统（open/closed system）截留（interception）洼地储蓄（depression storage）地下径流（groundflow）壤中流（interflow）总水量（total water）海洋/大陆（oceans/continent）咸水/淡水（saline/fresh water）沼泽（marish）大气水（atmospheric water）生物水（biological water）土壤水（soil water）Chapter 3 流域与水系流域与水系：Watershed & Drainage NetworksPart 1 基本概念分水线(watershed divide) 闭合流域(closed watershed)非闭合流域(unclosed watershed) 水系(Drainage Networks)羽毛状水系(Elongated shape) 平行状水系(fan shape)混合状水系(mixed shape) 坡地(Slope) 倾斜面(inclined plane) 收敛曲面(Convergent Camber) 发散曲面(Divergent Camber 流域基本单元(Unit)P art 2 水系的地貌特征河源(headwater) 节点(node) 出口(outlet)外链(External links) 内链(Internal links) 干流(main river)支流(tributary river) Strahler分级法河流长度(stream length) 河数定律(the law of stream numbers) 河长定律(the law of stream lengths) 链长度(Link Length) 横断面(Cross section) 纵断面(longitudinal section)大断面(flood cross-section) 弯曲率(Sinuosity)河底比降(Slope of stream bed)Part 3 流域的地貌特征流域形状（Shape of watershed）流域坡度（Slope of watershed）流域面积及面积定律(Drainage area and the law of drainage areas)流域长度和宽度（Width and length of watershed）形态因子(Shape factor)圆度(Circularity ratio) 伸长比(Elongation ratio)河网密度和河道维持常数（Drainage density & constant of channel maintenance）河流频度和链频度(Stream frequency & link frequency)面积--河长曲线（Drainage area-stream length curve ）高程曲线（Elevation curve）Chapter 4 降水降水(Precipitation)Part 1 降水要素及其时空变化表示方法(Precipitation elements & Temporal and spatial variation)降雨的基本要素（Rainfall Elements）降雨量(深) Rainfall (depth)降雨历时(Rainfall duration) 降雨强度(Rainfall intensity)降雨面积(Rainfall area) 暴雨中心(Storm center)降雨强度与历时曲线（Rainfall intensity-duration curve）降雨深与面积关系曲线（Rainfall depth-area curve）降雨深与面积和历时关系曲线（Rainfall depth-area-duration curve）Part 2 降雨类型及其影响因素(Types of rainfall and Affecting factors)气旋雨(Cyclonic rain) 对流雨(Convectional/Convective rain) 台风雨(Typhoons/Hurricanes) 地形雨(Orographic rain)锋面雨(Frontal rain) 非锋面雨(Non-frontal rain)Part 3 区域（流域）平均降雨量计算方法(Calculation method of Average rainfall over an area)算术平均法(Arithmetic mean method) 泰森多边形法(Thiessen polygon method) 等雨量线法(Isohyetal method) 距离平方倒数法(Inverse distance-squared method) 雷达测雨(Radar measurement of rainfall) 卫星测雨(Satellitic measurement of rainfall) Part4 降雨资料的检验(Test of rainfall data)Chapter 5 土壤水土壤水（Soil Water）水文循环（Hydrologic Cycle）土壤颗粒（soil particles）过滤（leach）蒸发（evaporation）蒸发，散发（transpiration）水分（moisture）Part 1土壤的质地结构及“三相”关系土壤质地(Soil texture) 粘粒（clay）粉粒（silt）砂粒（sand）土壤结构(Soil configuration) 土壤中的“三相”关系(Three phases within a soil) 固体（Solids）液体（Liquids）空气（Vapor）固体密度(solid density) 干容重(Dry bulk density) 孔隙度(Porosity)质量含水率(Gravimetric water content) 容积含水率(volumetric water content)饱和度(the degree of saturation) 充气孔隙度(Aeration porosity) 孔隙比(V oid ratio)Part 2土壤水的存在形态土壤水作用力(Forces governing soil water) 分子力(Molecular force) 毛管力(Capillary force) 粘着力（Adhesion）粘结力（Cohesion）重力(Gravitational force) 土壤水类型(Soil water classification) 束缚水(bound water）吸湿水(Hygroscopic Water) 膜状水(Film water) 毛管上升水(Ascending water in capillary tube) 渗透重力水（percolating water）毛管悬着水(Suspended capillary water) sustained gravitational water(支持重力水) 土壤水分常数(Soil water constants) 田间持水量（field capacity）Saturation（饱和状态）Part 3土壤水的能量状态土水势(Soil water potential) 影响因素（Affect the factors）土壤水分特性曲线(Soil water characteristic curve)Chapter 6 下渗下渗: InfiltrationPart 1 引言(Introduction)土壤水分剖面(soil moisture profile) 下渗(infiltration)下渗率(infiltration intensity) 下渗容量(infiltration capacity)下渗曲线（infiltration capacity curve）累积下渗曲线（accumulative infiltration capacity curve）下渗机理（mechanism of infiltration）Part 2 非饱和下渗理论（）下渗方程的导出（deduction of infiltration equation）忽略重力作用的下渗方程的解（solution under gravity neglected）完全下渗方程的解（solution under whole condition）Part 3饱和下渗理论（）基本方程的建立establishment of basic equation下渗曲线的导出（deduction of infiltration curve）Chapter 7 蒸发与散发蒸发与散发(Evaporation & Transpiration)Part 1蒸发现象及其控制条件(evaporation and control conditions)基本概念（basic concepts）蒸发潜热(heat of vaporization) 蒸发率(evaporation rate) 凝结潜热(condensation latent) 蒸发能力(evaporation capacity) 蒸发分类classification of evaporation 控制蒸发率的条件controlling conditions for evaporation 动力条件(dynamic) 气象条件meteorological condition 供水条件(water supply) Part 2 水面蒸发(water surface evaporation)太阳辐射(solar radiation) 气压(air pressure) 风速(wind velocity)温度(temperature) 湿度(humidity) 水面大小(water surface area) 水面形状(shape of water body) 水深(water depth) 水质(water quality) 理论方法（theoretical method）热量平衡法(heat balance method) 空气动力学法(aerodynamic method) 混合法(mixed method) 水量平衡法(water balance method) 经验公式（empirical equation）器测法（instrument-measurement method ）水面蒸发的时空分布特点temporal spatial distribution characteristicsPart 3 土壤蒸发土壤蒸发过程(soil water evaporation processes)土壤蒸发规律(soil water evaporation rules)Part 4 植物散发散发现象(phenomena of plant transpiration) 植物散发规律(plant transpiration rules) 植物散发的确定(determination of transpiration)Part 5 流域蒸散发(watershed evapotranspiration)上层（Upper Layer）下层（Lower Layer）深层（Deep Layer）Chapter 8 产流机制产流机制:mechanism of runoff generation径流(Runoff) 径流形成过程(Rainfall-Runoff Process)径流深(Runoff Depth) 径流量的时程分配(Temporal distribution of runoff)Part 1包气带及其结构（Aeration (vadose) zone and its structure）包气带和饱水带（aeration zone or vadose zone and Saturdayed zone）特殊包气带(Special aeration zone)三相系统（three-phase system（liquid，gaseous，solid））土壤结构（soil structure）包气带结构(The structure of aeration zone)高寒地带的包气带（aeration zone in a high and cold area）Part 2包气带的水分动态及对降雨的再分配作用（Soil moisture dynamics in aeration zone and its roles in partitioning rainfall）A、包气带水分动态(soil moisture dynamics in aeration zone)包气带水分的增长（Soil moisture increase in aeration zone）包气带水分的消退（Recession of soil moisture in aeration zone）B、包气带对降雨的再分配作用(The role of aeration zone in redistributing rainfall)筛子（sieve）门槛（threshold）C、包气带水量平衡方程式(Water balance equation for aeration zone)Part 3 产流的物理条件（Physical conditions for runoff generation）超渗地面径流（Hortonian overland flow）(Rainfall excess)壤中水径流产流（through flow / subsurface flow / interflow）饱和地面径流条件（saturated overland flow）回归流（return flow）Part 4 基本产流模式(Basic modes of runoff generation)Chapter 9 地表水流地表水流:surface flowPart 1 洪水波的形成及传播(Formation and propagation of flood wave)A、洪水波运动(movement wave)a、几何特征（geomtric characteristics）波体（main body of flood wave）波高（wave height）波长（wave length）b、附加比降（additional slope）c、相应流量与相应水位（Corresponding discharge (water levels, stages) )d、波速（wave velocity）e、坦化（attenuation）扭曲（distortion）B、洪水运动的水力学描述(Hydraulic description of flood wave movement)圣维南方程组（Saint-Venant Equations）连续方程(Continuity equation or mass conservation equation) 动力方程(Momentum equation)C、洪水波的分类(Classification of flood wave)空间惯性迁移惯性项（convective inertia term）重力（gravity）时间惯性力局地惯性项（local inertia term）压力（pressure ）阻力（friction）D、运动波(Kinematic wave)E、扩散波(Diffusion wave)Part 2（Storage theory & storage equation）A、河槽调节作用和河段水量平衡方程(Storage effects of a river channel and water balanceequation for a reach)蓄满产流(Runoff generation on repletion of storage)超渗产流(Runoff generation in excess of infiltration)B、槽蓄方程(Storage equation)C、洪水波运动的水文学方法(Hydrological method of flood wave movementD 、特征河长(Characteristic river length)F、槽蓄曲线的特性(Nature of Storage-discharge curve)Chapter 10 洪水演算洪水演算(Flood Routing)Part 1 引言(Introduction)具有物理基础的洪水演算法(Physically-based flood routing method)质量守恒（mass conservation）动量守恒（momentum conservation）Part 2 线性扩散波演算法(Linear diffusion waverouting method)定解问题的构成(Composition of solution problems) 基本解(Basic solution) 出流过程的计算(Derivation of outflow hydrograph) 扩散波（Diffusion wave）入流过程(Processing of inflow hydrograph) 稳定流（Steady flow）参数的确定(Determination of parameters) 卷积公式(Convolution formula)上断面洪水过程（inflow hydrograph at upper section)半无限长，自由下边界（semi—infinite long, free lower boundary）简单入流过程(Simple inflow hydrograph) 单位入流过程(Unit Inflow hydrograph) 单位矩形入流过程(Unit Rectangular Pulse Input)单位瞬时脉冲入流(Unit instantaneous Pulse Input)入流过程离散化(Discretizing inflow hydrograph) 汇流曲线(flow concentration curve) Part 3 线性特征河长演算法(Linear characteristic length routing method) 描述洪水波运动的基本微分方程式(Basic differential equations of flood wave movement) 汇流曲线的确定(Determination of flow concentration curve) Part 4 线性运动波演算法(Linear kinematic wave routing method)运动波差分方程的建立(Difference equation of kinematic wave) 数值扩散的概念(Numerical diffusion) 连续演算问题(successive routing) 汇流系数的计算(Calculation of flow concentration coefficient)泰勒公式(Taylor formula) 汇流系数(flow concentration coefficient)Chapter 11 流域产流流域产流:Watershed Runoff Generation/ProductionPart 1 引言(Introduction)径流(Runoff) 径流形成过程(Rainfall-Runoff Process)径流深(Runoff Depth) 径流量的时程分配(Temporal distribution of runoff)Part 2流域产流面积的变化（Variations in runoff producing area）A、现象及原因(Phenomena & Causes)蓄满产流(Runoff generation on repletion of storage)超渗产流(Runoff generation in excess of infiltration)B、蓄满产流条件下总径流的产流面积变化(Variations in the runoff producing area of total runoff under runoff formation on repletion of storage)蓄水容量曲线(Watershed Capacity Curve)流域蓄水容量曲线(Watershed water capacity curve)在降雨空间分布均匀的情况下（Spatial distribution of rainfall is even）C、超渗产流地面径流产流面积变化(Variations in the runoff producing area of surface runoff under runoff formation in excess of infiltration)Part 3 蓄满产流的流域产流量的计算（Computation of total runoff under runoff formation on repletion of storage）总径流量的计算(Computation of total runoff)径流成分的划分(Separation of runoff components)降雨空间分布不均匀情况(Spatial distribution of rainfall being uneven)Part 4超渗产流的流域产流量计算（Computation of total runoff under runoff formation in excess of infiltration）Chapter 12 流域汇流流域汇流:Watershed flow concentrationPart 1 基本概念及数学描述Basic Concepts and mathematical descriptionA、流域汇流的路径Watershed flow paths几何路径(Geometric paths) 状态路径(State paths)B、流域汇流时间Watershed flow time of concentration平均流域汇流时间(Average watershed flow time of concentration)最大流域汇流时间(Maximum Watershed flow time of concentration)C、径流成因公式Formula for computing the discharge at the watershed outletD、流域调蓄作用Watershed storage effectsPart 2流域汇流系统分析Analysis of watershed flow concentration system 基于流域调蓄作用的流域汇流系统的数学表达式(Mathematical description of storage-effect-based watershed flow system)流域瞬时单位线(Watershed Instantaneous Unit Hydrograph) 卷积公式(Convolution formula)流域单位线的识别（Determination of unit hydrograph)Part 3面积—时间曲线Time-area histogram等流时线和等流时面积(Isochrones and Inter-isochrone areas) 等流时线法(Isochrones Method)Part 4概念性流域汇流模型Conceptual watershed flow concentration models 概念性元件(Conceptual components) “渠道”型(Canal type) b. “水库”型(Reservoir type)概念性元件的组合及其瞬时单位线(Combination of conceptual components and the corresponding instantaneous unit hydrograph)。
水文学与水文地质学英文术语
水文学与水文地质学英文术语学习分享 2009-12-06 20:26:59 阅读118 评论0 字号:大中小订阅河流阶地: river terrace 面源: area source 线源: line source 点源: point source 非点源: non-point sourcegroundwater 潜水groundwater artery 地下水干道 groundwater barrier 地下水堡坝groundwater basin 地下水盆地groundwater capture 地下水袭夺 groundwater cascade 地下水小瀑布groundwater cement 潜水泥groundwater dam 地下水坝groundwater discharge 地下水排泄 groundwater divide 地下分水界groundwater flow 地下径流groundwater inventory 地下水总量目录 groundwater level 地下水位groundwater mound 地下水土丘 groundwater province 地下水区groundwater recession 地下水后退groundwater recession curve 地下水后退曲线groundwater reservoir 地下水储集groundwater runoff 地下径流groundwater simulation 地下模拟groundwater spring 潜水泉groundwater table 地下水位group 群exploitable groundwater 地下水可开采量groundwater depression cone 地下水下降漏斗字段名英文名站码 station code站名 station name站别 station category流域名称 basin name水系名称 hydrometric net code河流名称 river name施测项目码 item code of obervation 行政区划码 administration division code 水资源分区码 code of water resources regionalization 设站年份 year of station establishment 设站月份 month of station establishment撤站年份 year of withdrawal of station 撤站月份 month of withdrawal of station 集水面积 drainage area流入何处 flowing-to至河口距离 distance to river mouth基准基面名称 name of fiducial datum领导机关 leading agency (administration agency) 管理单位administration站址 station location东经 longitude北纬 latitude测站等级 grade of hydrometric station 报汛等级 grade of Flood-Reporting Station 备注 note站点码 station point code站点名 station point name测流方法 observation method控水目的 purpose of control water project 控水工程类型 control water project type 控水工程代码 code of control water project 控水工程运行规则operation regulation of control water project推流参数 parameter of discharge computation引水点名 Location name of pumping排水点名 Location name of surface drainage 实际最大灌溉面积 maximum area of practical irrigation 上界站站码 station code of upper boundary station 至上界站河段长 length of reach to upper bound station 下界站站码code of lower bound station至下界站河段长 length of reach to lower bound station 高差基数 base of difference in elevation流域水系码 codes of hydrographic net of a basin 调查资料来源单位office recording investigation data 区码 code of zone区名 zone name区类 zone type水体总容量 total capacity of water bodies灌溉水田面积 area of rice paddy irrigated灌溉面积 irrigation area城市人口 urban population工业总产值 gross industrial output value水库和水闸控制面积 drainage area of reservoir or weir or sluice 调查面积 investigation area量算地图比例尺 scale of measured map连通试验可靠等级 reliability rank of connectivity pair test旁证资料可靠等级 reliability level of data witness面积成果合理性等级 reliability rank of area data 直接上级区名 zone name of prime at first 调查报告编号 investigation report number 地理包含关系 geography contain relation 站点类别 station point category 年 year 相关站码 correlative station code 关系标识 relationship ID关系说明 relationship illustration 主断面迁移号 migration numbers of main cross section断面名称 cross section name断面位置 location of cross section 变动年份 changed Year变动月份 changed month变动日 changed day同系列标志 series marker变动情况 changed conditions水尺名称 gage name水尺型式 gage type水尺质料 material of gage自记台类型 type of stage recorder水尺位置 location of gage使用情况 use condition河段情况 river reach circumstance图类型 graph type图标题 graph title图 graphMIME类型 MIME type水准点编号 benchmark number水准点类型 benchmark type变动日期 date of Setup or change采用基面名称 adoption datum name冻结或测站基面以上高程 elevation above stationary datum 绝对或假定基面以上高程 elevation above absolute or arbitrary datum绝对基面名称 name of absolute or arbitrary datum 水准点型式benchmark style水准点位置 benchmark location引据水准点编号 number of benchmark from which elevation is measured 变动原因 cause of change工程名称 engineering name工程名称代码 engineering name code开始蓄水年份 begin storing water year开始蓄水月份 begining month of storing water校核洪水位 check flood stage校核库容 check storage capacity of reservoir 设计洪水位 design flood stage设计库容 reservoir capacity corresponding to DSFLZ 正常高水位 normal high water level正常库容 Normal reservoir storage死水位 dead pool level死库容 dead reservoir capacity溢洪道号 spillway number竣工年份 completion year竣工月份 completion month溢洪道长度 spillway length溢洪道堰顶高程 elevation of spillway crest 溢洪道堰顶宽 width of spillway crest溢洪道设计最大流量 maximum designed discharge of spillway 闸组号gate group number孔型 type of sluice or hole孔数 count of sluice or hole孔高 sluice or hole height孔宽 sluice or hole width设计最大流量 maximum designed discharge of sluice or tunnel翼墙型式 wing wall type墩头型式 type of pier head of sluice or tunnel 堰顶闸底形状 shape of weir crest or sluice bed设计灌溉面积 design irrigated area due to sluice or tunnel 工程地址location of engineering控制面积 control area总库容 total reservoir capacity最大实灌面积 actually irrigated area due to sluice or tunnel 最大实引排水量 maximum volume of actual diversion or drainage 仪器口径 mouth diameter of rain gauge仪器精度 precision of rain gauge记录模式 recording mode获值模式 sensing mode绝对高程 elevation above absolute datum器口离地面高度 instrument height above ground非汛期观测段制 observation regime in nonflood season 汛期观测段制observation regime in flood season蒸发场位置特征 character of location of evaporation-gauging 仪器型式type of instrument(equipment)附近地势 nearby topography四周障碍物 obstacles around station起时间 beginning time止时间 end time时间 time起始日期 beginning date旬起始日期 beginning date of a period of ten days 月 month日期 date降水量 precipitation降水量注解码 remark code of precipitation 降水日数 number of precipitation days降水日数注解码 remark code of number of precipitation days 最大降水量 maximum precipitation最大降水量时段长 maximum precipitation duration 最大日降水量 maximum daily precipitation最大日降水量注解码 remark code of maximum daily precipitation最大日降水量出现日期 occurring date of maximum daily precipitation 终霜日期 date of frost disappearance初霜日期 date of frost appearance终雪日期 date of snow disappearance初雪日期 date of snow appearance终冰日期 date of ice disappearance初冰日期 date of ice appearance蒸发器型式 type of evaporation equipment 水面蒸发量 surface evaporation水面蒸发量注解码 remark code of evaporation最大日水面蒸发量 maximum daily evaporation最大日水面蒸发量注解码 remark code of maximum daily evaporation 最大日水面蒸发量出现日期 occurring date of maximum daily evaporation 最小日水面蒸发量 minimum daily surface evaporation 最小日水面蒸发量注解码remark code of minimum daily surface evaporation最小日水面蒸发量出现日期 occurring date of minimum daily surface evaporation观测高度 observation height气温 air temperature气温注解码 remark code air temperature平均气温 average air temperature平均气温注解码 remark code of average air temperature 最高气温maximum air temperature最高气温注解码 remark code of maximum air temperature 最高气温日期date of maximum air temperature最低气温 minimum air temperature最低气温注解码 remark code of minimum air temperature 最低气温日期date of minimum air temperature水汽压 vapour pressure水汽压注解码 remark code of vapour pressure平均水汽压 average vapor pressure平均水汽压注解码 remark code of average vapor pressure 水汽压力差difference of vapour pressure 水汽压力差注解码 remark code of difference of vapour pressure 平均水汽压力差 average vapor pressure difference 平均水汽压力差注解码 remark code of average vapor pressure difference 风速 wind velocity风速注解码 remark code of wind velocity平均风速 average wind velocity平均风速注解码 remark code of average wind velocity 闸上水位 stagein Sluice Upstream闸上水位注解码 remark code of upsluice stage 闸下水位 down sluice stage闸下水位注解码 remark code of downsluice stage 坝上水位 stage behind dam坝上水位注解码 remark code of the stage behind dam 水位 stage水位注解码 remark code of stage平均水位 average stage平均水位注解码 remark code of average stage 最高水位 maximum stage 最高水位注解码 remark code of maximum stage 最高水位日期 occurring date of maximum stage最低水位 minimum stage最低水位注解码 remark code of date of minimum stage 最低水位日期date of minimum stage保证率 reliability of stage保证率水位 reliability stage保证率水位注解码 remark code of reliability stage 流量 discharge 平均流量 average discharge平均流量注解码 remark code of average discharge 最大流量 maximum discharge最大流量注解码 remark code of maximum discharge 最大流量日期 date of maximum discharge 最小流量 minimum discharge最小流量注解码 remark code of minimum discharge 最小流量日期 date of minimum discharge 蓄水量 Reservoir Storage径流量 runoff径流量注解码 remark code of runoff径流模数 runoff modulus径流深 runoff in depth最大洪量时段长 duration of maximum flood volume 最大洪量 maximum flood volume泥沙类型 sediment type含沙量 sediment concentration平均含沙量 average sediment concentration平均含沙量注解码 remark code of average sediment concentration 最大含沙量 maximum sediment concentration最大含沙量注解码 remark code of maximum sediment concentration 最大含沙量日期 date of maximum sediment concentration 最小含沙量 minimum sediment concentration最小含沙量注解码 remark code of minimum sediment concentration 最小含沙量日期 date of minimum sediment concentration 平均输沙率 average sediment discharge平均输沙率注解码 remark code of average sediment discharge 最大日平均输沙率 maximum average of daily sediment discharge 最大日平均输沙率注解码 remark code of maximum average of daily sedimentdischarge最大日平均输沙率出现日期 occurring date of maximum average of daily sediment discharge输沙量 sediment runoff输沙量注解码 remark code of sediment runoff输沙模数 sediment runoff modulus采样仪器型号 model number of sampling instrument采样效率系数 efficiency coefficient of sampling上限粒径 upper limit particle size平均沙重百分数 average percent of sediment weight 中数粒径 median particle diameter平均粒径 average particle diameter最大粒径 maximum particle diameter水温 water temperature水温注解码 remark code of water temperature平均水温 average water temperature平均水温注解码 remark code of average water temperature 最高水温maximum water temperature最高水温注解码 remark code of maximum water temperature 最高水温日期occurring date of maximum water temperature 最低水温 minimum water temperature最低水温注解码 remark code of minimum water temperature 最低水温日期date of minimum water temperature 冰情注解码 remark code of icecondition河心冰厚 ice thickness at river center岸边冰厚 Thickness of Border Ice冰上雪深 snow depth on ice岸上气温 air temperature on bank解冻日期 date of ice break up封冻日期 ice freeze up date上半年封冻天数 number of actual freeze up days in first half of year下半年封冻天数 number of actual freeze up days in second half of year 终止流冰日期 end date of ice run开始流冰日期 beginning date of ice run河心最大冰厚 maximum ice thickness at river center河心最大冰厚出现日期 occurring date of the maximum ice thickness at rivercenter岸边最大冰厚 Maximum thickness of border Ice岸边最大冰厚出现日期 occurring date of maximum thickness of border ice最大流冰块长度 maximum length of ice floe最大流冰块宽度 maximum width of ice floe最大流冰块冰速 maximum velocity of ice floe断面平均冰速 average ice flow velocity at cross section 最大冰上雪深maximum snow depth on ice最大冰上雪深出现日期 occurring date of maximum snow depth on ice 春季最大冰流量 maximum ice discharge in spring春季最大冰流量注解码 remark code of maximum ice discharge in spring 春季最大冰流量日期 occurring date of ice discharge in spring 冬季最大冰流量 maximum ice discharge in winter冬季最大冰流量注解码 remark code of occurring data of maximum ice discharge in winter冬季最大冰流量日期 occurring data of maximum ice discharge in winter 春季总冰流量 gross ice discharge in spring春季总冰流量注解码 remark code of gross ice discharge in spring 冬季总冰流量 gross ice discharge in winter 冬季总冰流量注解码 remark code of ice discharge in winter 年总冰流量 yearly total ice discharge 年总冰流量注解码 remark code yearly total ice discharge 平均冰流量average ice discharge平均冰流量注解码 remark code of average ice discharge 总冰流量 total of ice discharge总冰流量注解码 remark code of total of ice discharge 最大冰流量maximum ice discharge最大冰流量注解码 remark code of maximum ice discharge 最大冰流量日期date of maximum ice discharge 潮别 tidal type潮位 tidal level潮位注解码 remark code of tidal level潮差 tidal range历时 duration潮流量 tidal discharge潮量 tidal volume潮输沙率 tidal sediment discharge潮输沙量 tidal sediment runoff平均高潮潮位 average high tidal level平均高潮潮位注解码 remark of average high tidal level stage 最高高潮位 Maximum high tidal stage最高高潮位注解码 remark code of Maximum high tidal stage 最高高潮位出现时间 occurring time of Maximum high tidal stage 最低高潮位 minimum high tidal stage最低高潮位注解码 remark code of minimum high water level 最低高潮位出现时间 occurring time of minimum high tidal stage 平均低潮潮位 average low tidal level平均低潮潮位注解码 remark of average low tidal level 最高低潮位maximum low tidal stage最高低潮位注解码 remark code of maxiumm low tidal stage 最高低潮位出现时间 occurring time of maximum low tidal stage 最低低潮位 minimum low tidal stage最低低潮位注解码 remark code of minimum low tidal stage 最低低潮位出现时间 occurring time of minimum low tidal stage 平均涨潮潮差 average of flood tide range平均涨潮潮差注解码 remark code of average of flood tide range 最大涨潮潮差 maximum flood tidal range最大涨潮潮差注解码 remark code of maximum flood tidal range 最大涨潮潮差(高潮)时间 time of maximum flood tidal range 最小涨潮潮差 minimum flood tidal range最小涨潮潮差注解码 remark code of minimum flood tidal range最小涨潮潮差(高潮)时间 high tidal time of minimum flood tidal range 平均落潮潮差 average ebb tide range平均落潮潮差注解码 remark code of average of ebb tidal range 最大落潮潮差 maximum ebb tidal range最大落潮潮差注解码 remark code of maximum ebb tidal range最大落潮潮差(高潮)时间 high water occurring time of maximum ebb tidalrange最小落潮潮差 minimum ebb tidal range最小落潮潮差注解码 remark code of minimum ebb tidal range 最小落潮潮差(高潮)时间 high water occurring time of minimum ebb tidal range平均涨潮历时 average flood tidal duration平均涨潮历时注解码 remark code of average of flood tidal range 最长涨潮历时 maximum flood tidal duration最长涨潮历时注解码 remark code of maximum flood tide duration 最长涨潮历时(高潮)时间 high water occurring time of maximum flood tidal duration最短涨潮历时 minimum flood tidal duration最短涨潮历时注解码 remark code of minimum flood tidal duration 最短涨潮历时(高潮)时间 high tidal time of minimum flood tidal duration 平均落潮历时 mean ebb tide duration平均落潮历时注解码 remark code of mean ebb tide duration 最长落潮历时 maximum ebb tidal duration最长落潮历时注解码 remark code of maximum ebb tidal duration 最长落潮历时(高潮)时间 high water occurring time of maximum ebb tidal duration最短落潮历时 minimum ebb tidal duration最短落潮历时注解码 remark code of minimum ebb tidal duration 最短落潮历时(高潮)时间 high tidal time of Minimum ebb tidal duration 逐时平均潮位 hourly average tidal stage逐时平均潮位注解码 remark code of hourly average tidal stage 平均潮差 average tide range平均潮差注解码 remark code of yearly average tide range 平均历时average tidal duration平均历时注解码 remark code of average tidal duration 施测日期beginning date of measurement测次号 observation number垂线号 numbers of typical verticals起点距 distance from initial point河底高程 river bed elevation河底高程注解码 remark code of river bed elevation 测时水位 stage during observation测时水位注解码 remark code of stage during observation垂线方位 vertical azimuth断面名称及位置 cross section name and location 测次说明 note引用施测日期 date of quoted observation 引用测次号 number of quoted observation 引用起始起点距 beginning distance from initial point 引用终止起点距 end distance from initial point 岸别符号 bank symbol 痕迹类型 trace type日 day时 hour分 minute点编号 point code点详细位置 point detailed location点东经 point east longitude点北纬 point north latitude点高程 point elevation点参数 point parameter指认人及印象 witness man's impression 目击和旁证可靠等级 reliability rank of witness 痕迹和标志物可靠等级 reliability level of trace or flag 估计误差范围 estimation error range调查日期 investigation date起始年 beginning year起始月 beginning month起始日 beginning day起始时 beginning hour起始分 beginning minute终止年 end year终止月 end month终止日 end day终止时 end hour终止分 end minute雨情描述 description of rainfall information重现期 Recurrence Interval重现期统计截止年 cut-off year of statistics of recurrence interval 目击和水痕可靠等级 reliability rank of witness or trace承雨器障碍物可靠等级 reliability level of rain collector barrier before rainfall 承雨器雨前可靠等级 reliability level of rain collector before rainfall 承雨器漫溢渗漏可靠等级 reliability level of loss quantity of rain collectorseepage or overflow水位可靠等级 reliability level of stage推算流量方法 method of discharge computation水流边界 flow boundary推算流量资料可靠等级 reliability level of data used in discharge computation推算流量方法可靠等级 reliability level of method of discharge computation推算流量成果合理性等级 reliability level of discharge computation 次水量 water volume of one flood水情描述 description of hydrological information 流量施测号数 number of discharge observation 测流起时间 beginning time of flow measurment 测流止时间 end time of flow measurement测流方法 Method of flow measurement基本水尺水位 base gage stage流量注解码 remark code of discharge断面总面积 total of cross section area断面过水面积 wetted cross-section area断面面积注解码 remark code of cross section area 断面平均流速average flow velocity at a cross-section 断面最大流速 maximum flow velocity at a cross-section 水面宽 top width断面平均水深 Average water depth at cross section 断面最大水深maximum water depth水浸冰冰底宽 ice bottom width水浸冰冰底平均水深 ice bottom average depth水浸冰冰底最大水深 ice bottom maximum depth水面比降 surface slope糙率 roughness时段类别 category of interval水量类别 category of water quantity水量 water quantity水量测算方法 estimation method of water quantity年实测水量占比 percent of observation water-quantity in total 水量计算方法可靠等级 reliability level of estimation method of water quantity 水量成果合理性等级 fitness rank of water quantity data起时间闸(坝)上水位 upstream stage of beginning time起时间闸(坝)上水位注解码 remark code of upstream stage at beginning time 起时间闸(坝)下水位 downstream stage at beginning time 起时间闸(坝)下水位注解码 remark code of downstream stage of beginningtime最大流量出现时间 Occurring Time of Maxmum Discharge实测蓄水变量 observed water storage调查蓄水变量 investigation storage实测灌溉还原水量 observed restoring water quantity in irrigation 调查灌溉还原水量 restoring water quantity of investigation in irrigation 水平梯田拦蓄地面径流量 surface water runoff catched by level terraced field 工业生活还原水量 restoring water quantity of industrial water or domesticwater实测工业生活还原水量 observed water quantity of industrial water or domesticwater区内除涝排水量 water quantity of waterlogging control in zone 实测区内除涝排水量 observed water quantity of waterlogging control in zone 跨流域引水量 water quantity of interbasin transfer实测跨流域引水量 observed water quantity of interbasin transfer 跨区回归水量 return flow in cross zone实测跨区回归水量 observed return flow in cross zone跨区回归水量测算方法 estimation method of return flow in cross zone 跨区溃坝水量 water quantity of cross zone dam-break实测跨区溃坝水量 observed water quantity of cross zone dam-break 跨区溃坝水量测算方法 estimation method of water quantity of cross zone dam-break溃坝还原水量 restoring water quantity in dam-break跨区分洪水量 water quantity of cross zone flood diversion 实测跨区分洪水量 observed water quantity of cross zone flood diversion 跨区分洪水量测算方法 estimation method of water quantity of cross zone flood diversion分洪还原水量 restoring water quantity of flood diversion 跨区决口水量 water quantity of cross zone branching实测跨区决口水量 observed water quantity of cross zone branching 跨区决口水量测算方法 estimation method of water quantity of cross zone branching决口还原水量 restoring water quantity of bursting暗河交换水量 exchanged water volume between underground rivers暗河交换水量估算方法 method of estimating exchanged water volume between underground rivers暗河交换水量参证站相似程度 similar level of bench-mark station of exchanged water volume between underground rivers暗河交换水量平衡程度 balance level of exchange water between underground rivers跨区渗漏水量 water quantity of cross zone seepage浅层地下水还原水量 restoring water quantity of shallow groundwater 实测浅层地下水还原水量 observed restoring water quantity of shallow underground water浅层地下水还原水量测算方法 estimation method of restoring water quantity of shallow groundwater深层地下水还原水量 restoring water quantity of deep-layer groundwater实测深层地下水还原水量 observed restoring water quantity of deep layer underground water深层地下水还原水量测算方法 restoring water quantity of deep-layer groundwater泉水出露量 capacity of spring总进水量 total inflow runoff总出水量 total outflow runoff降水总量 precipitation蒸散发总量 total evapotranspiration蓄水水面蒸发增损水量 water quantity extracted by evaporation onwatersurface出口水体起时间水位 stage of overflow water body at beginning time 出口水体起时间蓄水量 storage of overflow water body at beginning time 输沙率施测号数 number of sediment discharge observation测沙起时间 beginning time of sediment concentration measurement 测沙止时间 end time of sediment concentration measurement 测沙断面位置location of cross section for sediment concentration measurement 取样方法 sampling method断面平均含沙量 average sediment concentration at cross-section 断面平均含沙量注解码 remark code of average sediment concentration at cross section单样含沙量 index sediment concentration单样含沙量测验方法 observational method of index sediment concentration 悬移质输沙率 suspended sediment discharge悬移质输沙率注解码 remark code of suspended sediment discharge 推移质输沙率 bed load sediment discharge推移质输沙率注解码 remark code of bed load sediment discharge 单样推移质输沙率 index bed load sediment discharge推移质平均底速 average velocity of bed load推移带宽度 width of bed load sediment discharge断面平均单宽输沙率 average sediment discharge in unit width at cross section垂线最大输沙率 maximum vertical sediment discharge 垂线最大输沙率相应起点距 distance of maximum vertical sediment discharge from initial point单断沙码 code of index or cross sectional sediment 起始施测号 begin observation number终止施测号 end observation number取样起时间 beginning time of sampling取样止时间 end time of sampling沙重百分数 sediment weight percent最大颗粒重量 sediment maximum particle weight最大颗粒起点距 distance from initial point where measuring the maximumparticle平均沉速 mean settling velocity施测水温 water temperature at measurement粒径分析方法 analysis method of particle side注解码 remark code沙量类别 category of silt-quantity沙量 silt-quantity沙量测算方法 estimation method of silt-quantity年实测沙量占比 percent of observation silt-quantity in total 沙量测算方法可靠等级 reliability level of estimation method of silt-quantity 沙量成果合理性等级 reliability level of silt-quantity data 水量资料可靠等级 reliability level of water quantity source冲淤量 sediment quantity of scour-silt实测冲淤量 observed sediment quantity of scour-silt灌溉挟沙量 silt-quantity taked through irrigation实测灌溉挟沙量 observed sediment discharge of irrigation 工业生活挟沙量 sediment discharge of industrial water or domestic water 实测工业生活挟沙量 observed sediment discharge of industrial water or domestic water跨流域引水挟沙量 silt-quantity taked through interbasin transfer 实测跨流域引水挟沙量 observed sediment quantity taked by interbasin transfer 溃坝冲淤量 sediment quantity of scour-silt in dam-break 实测溃坝冲淤量 observed silt-quantity of scour-silt in dam-break 分洪冲淤量 sediment quantity of scour-silt in flood diversion 实测分洪冲淤量 observed silt-quantity of scour or sedimentation in flooddiversion决口冲淤量 degradation or sedimentation in bursting实测决口冲淤量 observed sediment quantity of scour-silt in branching 总进沙量 total inflow silt-quantity总出沙量 total outflow silt-quantity测次起时间 beginning time of observation测次止时间 end time of observation测验断面位置 location of cross section冰流量 ice discharge冰流量注解码 remark code of ice discharge断面平均疏密度 average ice compaction at cross section 断面平均冰厚或冰花厚 average depth of ice or frazil slush at cross section 敞露水面宽 open water width断面平均冰花密度 density of frazil slush at cross section 冰花折算系数 adjustment factor of frazil slush 测流断面位置 location of cross section代表垂线平均流速 average velocity on typical vertical 潮流量注解码remark code of tidal discharge代表垂线号 number of typical velocity vertical 代表垂线流速 velocity of typical vertical潮流期编号 number of duration of tidal current 潮流期起时间beginning time of duration of tidal current 潮流期止时间 end time of duration of tidal current 测流前低潮潮位 low tidal level before flowmeasurement 测流前低潮潮位出现时间 Occuring time of the low tidal level before flowmeasurement高潮潮位 high tidal level高潮潮位出现时间 occurring time of high tidal level 低潮潮位 low tidal level低潮潮位出现时间 occurring time of low tidal level 开始落憩潮位tidal level at beginning of ebb slack tide 涨潮憩流潮位 flood slack tidal stage涨潮憩流潮位出现时间 occurring time of flood slack tide 终止落憩潮位tidal stage at end of ebb slack tide 涨潮潮差 flood tidal range 涨潮最大流速 maximum velocity of flood tide 涨潮潮量 flood tidal volume涨潮潮量注解码 remark code of flood tidal volume 涨潮潮流历时 flood tidal current duration 涨潮平均流量 average discharge of flood tide 涨潮平均流量注解码 remark code of average discharge of flood tide 落潮潮差 ebb tide range落潮最大流速 maximum velocity of ebb tide 落潮潮量 ebb tidal volume 落潮潮量注解码 remark code of ebb tidal volume 落潮潮流历时 ebbtidal current duration落潮平均流量 average discharge of ebb tide 落潮平均流量注解码 remark code of average discharge of ebb tide净泄量 net outflow volume开闸时间 opening gate time关闸时间 closing gate time开闸前稳定水位 stable stage before sluicing 闸上最高水位 Maximum stage in Sluice Upstream 闸上最低水位 Minimum stage in Sluice Upstream 闸下水位 Stage in Sluice Downstream水位差 stage difference有效潮差 effective tidal range一潮总水量 total water volume of single tide 一潮总水量注解码 remark code of total water volume of single tide一潮历时 duration of single tide一潮平均流量 average discharge of single tide 一潮平均流量注解码remark code of average discharge of single tide一潮最大流量 maximum discharge of single tide 一潮最大流量注解码remark code of maximum discharge of single tide自变量名 name of independent variable 自变量值 value of independent variable 调查报告标题 investigation report title 调查项目 investigation item调查年份 investigation year编写年份 redaction year调查单位 investigation office主编单位 Chief editorial unit调查报告内容 investigation report contents 调查报告格式investigation report format 表标识 table ID时间残缺记录编号 number of time deformity record字段标识 field identifier取值 value率定次序号 serial number of rating闸上水头 head in Sluice Upstream闸下水头 Head in Sluice Downstream闸门开启平均高度 operation height of gate opening 闸门开启平均高度注解码 remark code of operation height of gate opening闸门开启孔数 count of operation gate opening 闸门开启总宽 total width of gate-openings 平均堰宽 average width of weir闸孔过水面积 area of wetted cross section of gate openings 实测流量observed discharge实测流量注解码 remark code of observed discharge 流态 flow regime 流量计算公式编号 formula number of discharge calculation 流量系数discharge coefficient流量系数注解码 remark code of discharge coefficient 水闸型式 weir and sluice type翼墙形式 wing wall type平均引水角 average driving angle闸上河宽 upsluice river width闸下河宽 river width in sluice downstream闸门型式 weir gate type闸底高程 elevation of sluice bottom堰顶高程 elevation of weir crest堰顶形状 shape of weir crest总孔数 total number of gate openings 单孔宽 single gate opening width of weir gate 单孔宽注解码 remark code of gate opening width of weir gate平均孔宽 average of gate opening width 总孔宽 total width of gate opening闸门高度 gate height平均开度 average gate opening height闸墩厚 thickness of pier机组号 group number of machines站上水位 upstation stage站下水位 downstation stage站上水头 upstation head开机功率 electric power generated or consumed 开机台数 count of machines in operation 开机叶片角度 vane angle of machines in operation 叶轮直径 impeller diameter实际转速 practical speed of revolution 出水阀过水面积 wetted area of outlet valve效率计算公式编号 formula number of efficiency calculation 效率值efficiency value效率值注解码 remark code of efficiency value机型 machine type装机台数 count of machine出水管路断面面积 wetted area of pipe line cross section 标定转速rated speed of revolution单机额定功率 single rated power单机设计流量 single design discharge设计扬程 design lift驼峰底高 hump bottom elevation起排水位 begining pumping stage关系线类别 relation curve category线号 curve number因变量名 dependent variable定线数据起时间 beginning time of the data for determining a relation curve定线数据止时间 end time of routing location data 定线数据下限自变量值 routing location lower limit independent variable定线数据上限自变量值 routing location upper limit independent variable线参数表达式 curve parameter expression关系图名 chart name适用期起时间 beginning time of application适用期止时间 end time of application定线点据总数 amount of points for determining a relation curve定线方法 method of determining a relation curve 系统误差 systematic error随机不确定度 random error线上采样点编号 curve sample point number。
水文地质术语
36
裂隙率
Fissure ratio (Kr)是指岩石中裂隙体积（Vr）与包含裂隙体积在内的岩石体积（V）的比值，即Kr = Vr/V或Kr = Vr/V×100%。也可用面裂隙率、线裂隙率表示。
2
37
成岩裂隙
Diagenetic fissure是岩石在成岩过程中由于冷凝收缩（岩浆岩）或固结干缩（沉积岩）而产生的裂隙，如玄武岩中的柱状节理。
29
径流模数
Runoff modulus（M）是单位流域面积F上平均产生的流量。常用单位为L/s.km2。计算公式M=Q·103/F，F为流域面积，Q为平均流量。
1
30
径流深度
Runoff depth（Y）是计算时段内的总径流量均匀分布于测站以上整个流域面积上所得到的平均水层厚度。常用单位为mm。计算公式Y= W·10-3/F，F为过水断面面积，W为总径流量。
1
18
降水量
Precipitation是一定时段内，降落在平地上（假定无渗漏、蒸发、流失等）的降水所积成的水层厚度（如为固态降水则须折合成液态水计算），以mm数表示。
1
19
蒸发
Evaporation是指常温下水由液态变为气态进入大气的过程，亦即温度低于沸点时，水分子从液态或固态水的自由面逸出而变成气态的过程或现象。通常用蒸发皿观测，单位mm。
1
27
流量
Discharge（Q）是指单位时间内通过河流（渠管）某一断面的水量（水体积）。常用单位为m3/s。计算公式Q=FV，F为过水断面面积，V为平均流速。
1
28
径流总量
（W）是指某一时段T内通过河渠某一断面的总水量，常用单位为m3；计算公式W= QT，Q为通过过水断面的流量，T为时间段长度。
水文学与水文地质学英文术语
水文学与水文地质学英文术语河流阶地：river terrace面源：area source线源：line source点源：point source非点源：non-point source groundwater潜水groundwater artery地下水干道groundwater barrier地下水堡坝groundwater basin地下水盆地groundwater capture地下水袭夺groundwater cascade地下水小瀑布groundwater cement潜水泥groundwater dam地下水坝groundwater discharge地下水排泄groundwater divide地下分水界groundwater flow地下径流groundwater inventory地下水总量目录groundwater level地下水位groundwater mound地下水土丘groundwater province地下水区groundwater recession地下水后退groundwater recession curve地下水后退曲线groundwater reservoir地下水储集groundwater runoff地下径流groundwater simulation地下模拟groundwater spring潜水泉groundwater table地下水位group群exploitable groundwater地下水可开采量groundwater depression cone地下水下降漏斗字段名英文名站码station code站名station name站别station category流域名称basin name水系名称hydrometric net code河流名称river name施测项目码item code of obervation行政区划码administration division code水资源分区码code of water resources regionalization 设站年份year of station establishment设站月份month of station establishment撤站年份year of withdrawal of station撤站月份month of withdrawal of station集水面积drainage area流入何处flowing-to至河口距离distance to river mouth基准基面名称name of fiducial datum领导机关leading agency(administration agency)管理单位administration站址station location东经longitude北纬latitude测站等级grade of hydrometric station报汛等级grade of Flood-Reporting Station备注note站点码station point code站点名station point name测流方法observation method控水目的purpose of control water project控水工程类型control water project type控水工程代码code of control water project控水工程运行规则operation regulation of control water project 推流参数parameter of discharge computation引水点名Location name of pumping排水点名Location name of surface drainage实际最大灌溉面积maximum area of practical irrigation上界站站码station code of upper boundary station至上界站河段长length of reach to upper bound station下界站站码code of lower bound station至下界站河段长length of reach to lower bound station高差基数base of difference in elevation流域水系码codes of hydrographic net of abasin调查资料来源单位office recording investigation data区码code of zone区名zone name区类zone type水体总容量total capacity of water bodies灌溉水田面积area of rice paddy irrigated灌溉面积irrigation area城市人口urban population工业总产值gross industrial output value水库和水闸控制面积drainage area of reservoir or weir or sluice 调查面积investigation area量算地图比例尺scale of measured map连通试验可靠等级reliability rank of connectivity pair test旁证资料可靠等级reliability level of data witness面积成果合理性等级reliability rank of area data直接上级区名zone name of prime at first调查报告编号investigation report number地理包含关系geography contain relation站点类别station point category年year相关站码correlative station code关系标识relationship ID关系说明relationship illustration主断面迁移号migration numbers of main cross section 断面名称cross section name断面位置location of cross section变动年份changed Year变动月份changed month变动日changed day同系列标志series marker变动情况changed conditions水尺名称gage name水尺型式gage type水尺质料material of gage自记台类型type of stage recorder水尺位置location of gage使用情况use condition河段情况river reach circumsta nce图类型graph type图标题graph title图graph MIME类型MIME type水准点编号benchmark number水准点类型benchmark type变动日期date of Setup or change采用基面名称adoption datum name冻结或测站基面以上高程elevation above stationary datum绝对或假定基面以上高程elevation above absolute or arbitrary datum 绝对基面名称name of absolute or arbitrary datum水准点型式benchmark style水准点位置benchmark location引据水准点编号number of benchmark from which elevation is measured 变动原因cause of change工程名称engineering name工程名称代码engineering name code开始蓄水年份begin storing water year开始蓄水月份begining month of storing water校核洪水位check flood stage校核库容check storage capacity of reservoir设计洪水位design flood stage设计库容reservoir capacity corresponding to DSFLZ正常高水位normal high water level正常库容Normal reservoir storage死水位dead pool level死库容dead reservoir capacity溢洪道号spillway number竣工年份completion year竣工月份completion month溢洪道长度spillway length溢洪道堰顶高程elevation of spillway crest溢洪道堰顶宽width of spillway crest溢洪道设计最大流量maximum designed discharge of spillway 闸组号gate group number孔型type of sluice or hole孔数count of sluice or hole孔高sluice or hole height孔宽sluice or hole width设计最大流量maximum designed discharge of sluice or tunnel 翼墙型式wing wall type墩头型式type of pier head of sluice or tunnel堰顶闸底形状shape of weir crest or sluice bed设计灌溉面积design irrigated area due to sluice or tunnel工程地址location of engineering控制面积control area总库容total reservoir capacity最大实灌面积actually irrigated area due to sluice or tunnel 最大实引排水量maximum volume of actual diversion or drainage 仪器口径mouth diameter of rain gauge仪器精度precision of rain gauge记录模式recording mode获值模式sensing mode绝对高程elevation above absolute datum器口离地面高度instrument height above ground非汛期观测段制observation regime in nonflood season汛期观测段制observation regime in flood season蒸发场位置特征character of location of evaporation-gauging 仪器型式type of instrument(equipment)附近地势nearby topography四周障碍物obstacles around station起时间beginning time止时间end time时间time起始日期beginning date旬起始日期beginning date of aperiod of ten days月month日期dat e降水量precipitation降水量注解码remark code of precipitation降水日数number of precipitation days降水日数注解码remark code of number of precipitation days最大降水量maximum precipitation最大降水量时段长maximum precipitation duration最大日降水量maximum daily precipitation最大日降水量注解码remark code of maximum daily precipitation最大日降水量出现日期occurring date of maximum daily precipitation 终霜日期date of frost disappearance初霜日期date of frost appearance终雪日期date of snow disappearance初雪日期date of snow appearance终冰日期date of ice disappearance初冰日期date of ice appearance蒸发器型式type of evaporation equipment水面蒸发量surface evaporation水面蒸发量注解码remark code of evaporation最大日水面蒸发量maximum daily evaporation最大日水面蒸发量注解码remark code of maximum daily evaporation最大日水面蒸发量出现日期occurring date of maximum daily evaporation最小日水面蒸发量minimum daily surface evaporation最小日水面蒸发量注解码remark code of minimum daily surface evaporation最小日水面蒸发量出现日期occurring date of minimum daily surface evaporation观测高度observation height气温air temperature气温注解码remark code air temperat ure平均气温average air temperature平均气温注解码remark code of average air temperature最高气温maximum air temperature最高气温注解码remark code of maximum air temperature最高气温日期date of maximum air temperature最低气温minimum air temperature最低气温注解码remark code of minimum air temperature最低气温日期date of minimum air temperature水汽压vapour pressure水汽压注解码remark code of vapour pressure平均水汽压average vapor pressure平均水汽压注解码remark code of average vapor pressure水汽压力差difference of vapour pressure水汽压力差注解码remark code of difference of vapour pressure平均水汽压力差average vapor pressure difference平均水汽压力差注解码remark code of average vapor pressure difference 风速wind velocity风速注解码remark code of wind velocity平均风速average wind velocity平均风速注解码remark code of average wind velocity闸上水位stage in Sluice Upstream闸上水位注解码remark code of upsluice stage闸下水位down sluice stage闸下水位注解码remark code of downsluice stage坝上水位stage behind dam坝上水位注解码remark code of the stage behind dam水位stage水位注解码remark code of stage平均水位average stage平均水位注解码rema rk code of average stage最高水位maximum stage最高水位注解码remark code of maximum stage最高水位日期occurring date of maximum stage最低水位minimum stage最低水位注解码remark code of date of minimum stage最低水位日期date of minimum stage保证率reliability of stage保证率水位reliability stage保证率水位注解码remark code of reliability stage 流量discharge平均流量average discharge平均流量注解码remark code of average discharge 最大流量maximum discharge最大流量注解码remark code of maximum discharge 最大流量日期date of maximum discharge最小流量minimum discharge最小流量注解码remark code of minimum discharge 最小流量日期date of minimum discharge蓄水量Reservoir Storage径流量runoff径流量注解码remark code of runoff径流模数runoff modulus径流深runoff in depth最大洪量时段长duration of maximum flood volume 最大洪量maximum flood volume泥沙类型sediment type含沙量sediment concentration平均含沙量average sediment concentration平均含沙量注解码remark code of average sediment concentration最大含沙量maximum sediment concentration最大含沙量注解码remark code of maximum sediment concentration最大含沙量日期date of maximum sediment concentration最小含沙量minimum sediment concentration最小含沙量注解码remark code of minimum sediment concentration最小含沙量日期date of minimum sediment concentration平均输沙率average sediment discharge平均输沙率注解码remark code of average sediment discharge最大日平均输沙率maximum average of daily sediment discharge最大日平均输沙率注解码remark code of maximum average of daily sediment discharge最大日平均输沙率出现日期occurring date of maximum average of daily sediment discharge输沙量sediment runoff输沙量注解码remark code of sediment runoff输沙模数sediment runoff modulus采样仪器型号model number of sampling instrument采样效率系数efficiency coefficient of sampling上限粒径upper limit particle size平均沙重百分数average percent of sediment weight中数粒径median particle diameter平均粒径average particle diameter最大粒径maximum particle diameter水温water temperature水温注解码remark code of water temperature平均水温average water temperature平均水温注解码remark code of average water temperature最高水温maximum water temperature最高水温注解码remark code of maximum water temperature最高水温日期occurring date of maximum water temperat ure最低水温minimum water temperature最低水温注解码remark code of minimum water temperature最低水温日期date of minimum water temperature冰情注解码remark code of ice condition河心冰厚ice thickness at river center岸边冰厚Thickness of Border Ice冰上雪深snow depth on ice岸上气温air temperature on bank解冻日期date of ice break up封冻日期ice freeze up date上半年封冻天数number of actual freeze up days in first half of year 下半年封冻天数number of actual freeze up days in second half of year 终止流冰日期end date of ice run开始流冰日期beginning date of ice run河心最大冰厚maximum ice thickness at river center河心最大冰厚出现日期occurring date of the maximum ice thickness at river center岸边最大冰厚Maximum thickness of border Ice岸边最大冰厚出现日期occurring date of maximum thickness of border ice最大流冰块长度maximum length of ice floe最大流冰块宽度maximum width of ice floe最大流冰块冰速maximum velocity of ice floe断面平均冰速average ice flow velocity at cross section最大冰上雪深maximum snow depth on ice最大冰上雪深出现日期occurring date of maximum snow depth on ice春季最大冰流量maximum ice discharge in spring春季最大冰流量注解码re mark code of maximum ice discharge in spring春季最大冰流量日期occurring date of ice discharge in spring冬季最大冰流量maximum ice discharge in winter冬季最大冰流量注解码remark code of occurring data of maximum ice discharge in winter冬季最大冰流量日期occurring data of maximum ice discharge in winter春季总冰流量gross ice discharge in spring春季总冰流量注解码remark code of gross ice discharge in spring冬季总冰流量gross ice discharge in winter冬季总冰流量注解码remark code of ice discharge in winter年总冰流量yearly total ice discharge年总冰流量注解码remark code yearly total ice discharge平均冰流量average ice discharge平均冰流量注解码remark code of average ice discharge总冰流量total of ice discharge总冰流量注解码remark code of total of ice discharge最大冰流量maximum ice discharge最大冰流量注解码remark code of maximum ice discharge最大冰流量日期date of maximum ice discharge潮别tidal type潮位tidal level潮位注解码remark code of tidal level潮差tidal range历时duration潮流量tidal discharge潮量tidal volume潮输沙率tidal sediment discharge潮输沙量tidal sediment runoff平均高潮潮位average high tidal level平均高潮潮位注解码remark of average high tidal level stage 最高高潮位Maximum high tidal stage最高高潮位注解码remark code of Maximum high tidal stage最高高潮位出现时间occurring time of Maximum high tidal stage最低高潮位minimum high tidal stage最低高潮位注解码remark code of minimum high water level最低高潮位出现时间occurring time of minimum high tidal stage平均低潮潮位average low tidal level平均低潮潮位注解码remark of average low tidal level最高低潮位maximum low tidal stage最高低潮位注解码remark code of maxiumm low tidal stage最高低潮位出现时间occurring time of maximum low tidal stage最低低潮位minimum low tidal stage最低低潮位注解码remark code of minimum low tidal stage最低低潮位出现时间occurring time of minimum low tidal stage平均涨潮潮差average of flood tide range平均涨潮潮差注解码remark code of average of flood tide range最大涨潮潮差maximum flood tidal range最大涨潮潮差注解码remark code of maximum flood tidal range最大涨潮潮差(高潮)时间time of maximum flood tidal range最小涨潮潮差minimum flood tidal range最小涨潮潮差注解码remark code of minimum flood tidal range最小涨潮潮差(高潮)时间high tidal time of minimum flood tidal range 平均落潮潮差average ebb tide range平均落潮潮差注解码remark code of average of ebb tidal range最大落潮潮差maximum ebb tidal range最大落潮潮差注解码remark code of maximum ebb tidal range最大落潮潮差(高潮)时间high water occurring time of maximum ebb tidal range最小落潮潮差minimum ebb tidal range最小落潮潮差注解码remark code of minimum ebb tidal range最小落潮潮差(高潮)时间high water occurring time of minimum ebb tidal range平均涨潮历时average flood tidal duration平均涨潮历时注解码remark code of average of flood tidal range最长涨潮历时maximum flood tidal duration最长涨潮历时注解码remark code of maximum flood tide duration最长涨潮历时(高潮)时间high water occurring time of maximum flood tidal duration最短涨潮历时minimum flood tidal duration最短涨潮历时注解码remark code of minimum flood tidal duration最短涨潮历时(高潮)时间high tidal time of minimum flood tidal duration平均落潮历时mean ebb tide duration平均落潮历时注解码remark code of mean ebb tide duration最长落潮历时maximum ebb tidal duration最长落潮历时注解码remark code of maximum ebb tidal duration最长落潮历时(高潮)时间high water occurring time of maximum ebb tidal duration最短落潮历时minimum ebb tidal duration最短落潮历时注解码r emark code of minimum ebb tidal duration最短落潮历时(高潮)时间high tidal time of Minimum ebb tidal duration 逐时平均潮位hourly average tidal stage逐时平均潮位注解码remark code of hourly average tidal stage平均潮差average tide range平均潮差注解码remark code of yearly average tide range平均历时average tidal duration平均历时注解码remark code of average tidal duration施测日期beginning date of measurement测次号observation number垂线号numbers of typical verticals起点距distance from initial point河底高程river bed elevation河底高程注解码remark code of river bed elevation测时水位stage during observation测时水位注解码remark code of stage during observation垂线方位vertical azimuth断面名称及位置cross section name and location测次说明note引用施测日期date of quoted observation引用测次号number of quoted observation引用起始起点距beginning distance from initial point引用终止起点距end distance from initial point岸别符号bank symbol痕迹类型trace type日day时hour分minute点编号point code点详细位置point detailed location点东经point east longitude点北纬point north latitude点高程point elevation点参数point parameter指认人及印象witness man's impression目击和旁证可靠等级reliability rank of witness痕迹和标志物可靠等级reliability level of trace or flag 估计误差范围estimation error range调查日期investigation date起始年beginning year起始月beginning month起始日beginning day起始时beginning hour起始分beginning minute终止年end year终止月end month终止日end day终止时end hour终止分end minute雨情描述description of rainfall information重现期Recurrence Interval重现期统计截止年cut-off year of statistics of recurrence interval目击和水痕可靠等级reliability rank of witness or trace承雨器障碍物可靠等级reliability level of rain collector barrier before rainfall承雨器雨前可靠等级reliability level of rain collector before rainfall承雨器漫溢渗漏可靠等级reliability level of loss quantity of rain collector seepage or overflow水位可靠等级reliability level of stage推算流量方法method of discharge computation水流边界flow boundary推算流量资料可靠等级reliability level of data used in discharge computation推算流量方法可靠等级reliability level of method of discharge computation推算流量成果合理性等级reliability level of discharge computation次水量water volume of one floo d水情描述description of hydrological information流量施测号数number of discharge observation测流起时间beginning time of flow measurment测流止时间end time of flow measurement测流方法Method of flow measurement基本水尺水位base gage stage流量注解码remark code of discharge断面总面积total of cross section area断面过水面积wetted cross-section area断面面积注解码remark code of cross section area断面平均流速average flow velocity at across-section 断面最大流速maximum flow velocity at across-section 水面宽top width断面平均水深Average water depth at cross section断面最大水深maximum water depth水浸冰冰底宽ice bottom width水浸冰冰底平均水深ice bottom average depth水浸冰冰底最大水深ice bottom maximum depth水面比降surface slope糙率roughness时段类别category of interval水量类别category of water quantity水量water quantity水量测算方法estimation method of water quantity年实测水量占比percent of observation water-quantity in total水量计算方法可靠等级reliability level of estimation method of water quantity水量成果合理性等级fitness rank of water quantity data起时间闸(坝)上水位upstream stage of beginning time起时间闸(坝)上水位注解码remark code of upstream stage at beginning time起时间闸(坝)下水位downstream stage at beginning time起时间闸(坝)下水位注解码remark code of downstream stage of beginning time最大流量出现时间Occurring Time of Maxmum Discharge实测蓄水变量observed water storage调查蓄水变量investigation storage实测灌溉还原水量observed restoring water quantity in irrigation调查灌溉还原水量restoring water quantity of investigation in irrigation水平梯田拦蓄地面径流量surface water runoff catched by level terraced field工业生活还原水量restoring water quantity of industrial water or domestic water实测工业生活还原水量observed water quantity of industrial water or domestic water区内除涝排水量water quantity of waterlogging control in zone实测区内除涝排水量observed water quantity of waterlogging control in zone跨流域引水量water quantity of interbasin transfer实测跨流域引水量observed water quantity of interbasin transfer跨区回归水量return flow in cross zone实测跨区回归水量observed return flow in cross zone跨区回归水量测算方法estimation method of return flow in cross zone跨区溃坝水量water quantity of cross zone dam-break实测跨区溃坝水量observed water quantity of cross zone dam-break跨区溃坝水量测算方法estimation method of water quantity of cross zone dam-break溃坝还原水量restoring water quantity in dam-break跨区分洪水量water quantity of cross zone flood diversion实测跨区分洪水量observed water quantity of cross zone flood diversion跨区分洪水量测算方法estimation method of water quantity of cross zone flood diversion分洪还原水量restoring water quantity of flood diversion跨区决口水量water quantity of cross zone branching实测跨区决口水量observed water quantity of cross zone branching跨区决口水量测算方法estimation method of water quantity of cross zone branching决口还原水量restoring water quantity of bursting暗河交换水量exchanged water volume between underground rivers暗河交换水量估算方法method of estimating exchanged water volume between underground rivers暗河交换水量参证站相似程度similar level of bench-mark station of exchanged water volume between underground rivers暗河交换水量平衡程度balance level of exchange water between underground rivers跨区渗漏水量water quantity of cross zone seepage浅层地下水还原水量restoring water quantity of shallow groundwater实测浅层地下水还原水量observe drestoring water quantity of shallow underground water浅层地下水还原水量测算方法estimation method of restoring water quantity of shallow groundwater深层地下水还原水量restoring water quantity of deep-layer groundwater实测深层地下水还原水量observed restoring water quantity of deep layer underground water深层地下水还原水量测算方法restoring water quantity of deep-layer groundwater泉水出露量capacity of spring总进水量total inflow runoff总出水量total outflow runoff降水总量precipitation蒸散发总量total evapotranspiration蓄水水面蒸发增损水量water quantity extracted by evaporation on water surface出口水体起时间水位stage of overflow water body at beginning time出口水体起时间蓄水量storage of overflow water body at beginning time输沙率施测号数number of sediment discharge observation测沙起时间beginning time of sediment concentration measurement测沙止时间end time of sediment concentration measurement测沙断面位置location of cross section for sediment concentration measurement取样方法sampling method断面平均含沙量average sediment concentration at cross-section断面平均含沙量注解码remark code of average sediment concentration at cross section单样含沙量index sediment concentration单样含沙量测验方法observational method of index sediment concentration悬移质输沙率suspended sediment discharge悬移质输沙率注解码remark code of suspended sediment discharge推移质输沙率bed load sediment discharge推移质输沙率注解码remark code of bed load sediment discharge单样推移质输沙率index bed load sediment discharge推移质平均底速average velocity of bed load推移带宽度width of bed load sediment discharge断面平均单宽输沙率average sediment discharge in unit width at cross section垂线最大输沙率maximum vertical sediment discharge垂线最大输沙率相应起点距distance of maximum vertical sediment discharge from initial point单断沙码code of index or cross sectional sediment起始施测号begin observation number终止施测号end observation number取样起时间beginning time of sampling取样止时间end time of sampling沙重百分数sediment weight percent最大颗粒重量sediment maximum particle weight最大颗粒起点距distance from initial point where measuring the maximum particle平均沉速mean settling velocity施测水温water temperature at measurement粒径分析方法analysis method of particle side注解码remark code沙量类别category of silt-quantity沙量silt-quantity沙量测算方法estimation method of silt-quantity年实测沙量占比percent of observation silt-quantity in total沙量测算方法可靠等级reliability level of estimation method of silt-quantity沙量成果合理性等级reliability level of silt-quantity data水量资料可靠等级reliability level of water quantity source冲淤量sediment quantity of scour-silt实测冲淤量observed sediment quantity of scour-silt灌溉挟沙量silt-quantity taked through irrigation实测灌溉挟沙量observed sediment discharge of irrigation工业生活挟沙量sediment discharge of industrial water or domestic water实测工业生活挟沙量observed sediment discharge of industrial water or domestic water跨流域引水挟沙量silt-quantity taked through interbasin transfer实测跨流域引水挟沙量observed sediment quantity taked by interbasin transfer溃坝冲淤量sediment quantity of scour-silt in dam-break实测溃坝冲淤量observed silt-quantity of scour-silt in dam-break分洪冲淤量sediment quantity of scour-silt in flood diversion实测分洪冲淤量observed silt-quantity of scour or sedimentation in flood diversion决口冲淤量degrada tion or sedimentation in bursting实测决口冲淤量observed sediment quantity of scour-silt in branching总进沙量total inflow silt-quantity总出沙量total outflow silt-quantity测次起时间beginning time of observation测次止时间end time of observation测验断面位置location of cross section冰流量ice discharge冰流量注解码remark code of ice discharge断面平均疏密度average ice compaction at cross section断面平均冰厚或冰花厚average depth of ice or frazil slush at cross section敞露水面宽open water width断面平均冰花密度density of frazil slush at cross section冰花折算系数adjustment factor of frazil slush测流断面位置location of cross section代表垂线平均流速average velocity on typical vertical潮流量注解码remark code of tidal discharge代表垂线号number of typical velocity vertical代表垂线流速velocity of typical vertical潮流期编号number of duration of tidal current潮流期起时间beginning time of duration of tidal current潮流期止时间end time of duration of tidal current测流前低潮潮位low tidal level before flow measurement测流前低潮潮位出现时间Occuring time of the low tidal level before flow measurement高潮潮位high tidal level高潮潮位出现时间occurring time of high tidal level低潮潮位low tidal level低潮潮位出现时间occurring time of low tidal level开始落憩潮位tidal level at beginning of ebb slack tide涨潮憩流潮位flood slack tidal stage涨潮憩流潮位出现时间occurring time of flood slack tide终止落憩潮位tidal stage at end of ebb slack tide涨潮潮差flood tidal range涨潮最大流速maximum velocity of flood tide涨潮潮量flood tidal volume涨潮潮量注解码remark code of flood tidal volume涨潮潮流历时flood tidal current duration涨潮平均流量average discharge of flood tide涨潮平均流量注解码remark code of average discharge of flood tide 落潮潮差ebb tide range落潮最大流速maximum velocity of ebb tide落潮潮量ebb tidal volume落潮潮量注解码remark code of ebb tidal volume落潮潮流历时ebb tidal current duration落潮平均流量average discharge of ebb tide落潮平均流量注解码remark code of average discharge of ebb tide 净泄量net outflow volume开闸时间opening gate time关闸时间closing gate time开闸前稳定水位stable stage before sluicing闸上最高水位Maximum stage in Sluice Upstream闸上最低水位Minimum stage in Sluice Upstream闸下水位Stage in Sluice Downstream水位差stage difference有效潮差effec tive tidal range一潮总水量total water volume of single tide一潮总水量注解码remark code of total water volume of single tide 一潮历时duration of single tide一潮平均流量average discharge of single tide一潮平均流量注解码remark code of average discharge of single tide 一潮最大流量maximum discharge of single tide一潮最大流量注解码remark code of maximum discharge of single tide 自变量名name of independent variable自变量值value of independent variable调查报告标题investigation report title调查项目investigation item调查年份investigation year编写年份redaction year调查单位investigation office主编单位Chief editorial unit调查报告内容investigation report contents调查报告格式investigation report format表标识table ID时间残缺记录编号number of time deformity record字段标识field identifier取值value率定次序号serial number of rating闸上水头head in Sluice Upstream闸下水头Head in Sluice Downstream闸门开启平均高度operation height of gate opening闸门开启平均高度注解码remark code of operation height of gate opening 闸门开启孔数count of operation gate opening闸门开启总宽total width of gate-openings平均堰宽average width of weir闸孔过水面积are aof wetted cross section of gate openings实测流量observed discharge实测流量注解码remark code of observed discharge流态flow regime流量计算公式编号formula number of discharge calculation流量系数discharge coefficient流量系数注解码remark code of discharge coefficient水闸型式weir and sluice type翼墙形式wing wall type平均引水角average driving angle闸上河宽upsluice river width闸下河宽river width in sluice downstream闸门型式weir gate type闸底高程elevation of sluice bottom堰顶高程elevation of weir crest堰顶形状shape of weir crest总孔数total number of gate openings单孔宽single gate opening width of weir gate单孔宽注解码remark code of gate opening width of weir gate 平均孔宽average of gate opening width总孔宽total width of gate opening闸门高度gate height平均开度average gate opening height闸墩厚thickness of pier机组号group number of machines站上水位upstation stage站下水位downstation stage站上水头upstation head开机功率electric power generated or consumed开机台数count of machines in operation开机叶片角度vane angle of machines in operation叶轮直径impeller diameter实际转速practical speed of revo lution出水阀过水面积wetted area of outlet valve效率计算公式编号formula number of efficiency calculation 效率值efficiency value效率值注解码remark code of efficiency value机型machine type装机台数count of machine出水管路断面面积wetted area of pipe line cross section标定转速rated speed of revolution单机额定功率single rated power单机设计流量single design discharge设计扬程design lift驼峰底高hump bottom elevation起排水位begining pumping stage关系线类别relation curve category线号curve number因变量名dependent variable定线数据起时间beginning time of the data for determining arelation curve定线数据止时间end time of routing location data定线数据下限自变量值routing location lower limit independent variable定线数据上限自变量值routing location upper limit independent variable线参数表达式curve parameter expression关系图名chart name适用期起时间beginning time of application适用期止时间end time of application定线点据总数amount of points for determining arelation curve定线方法method of determining arelation curve系统误差systematic error随机不确定度random error线上采样点编号curve sample point number采样点自变量值curve sample point independent variable 采样点因变量值curve sample point dependent variable 计量单位unit name记录定位标识record location identifier原值original value改正值corrected value处理日期date of correction处理情况说明correction explanation入库标识identifier of reservoir inflow注解符号remark symbol ASCII值numeric ASCII Code注解符号类型remark symbol type注解含义meaning of remark表号table number表中文名table name in Chinese表英文名table name in English字段中文名field name in Chinese字段英文名field name in English字段类型及长度field type and field length空值属性attribute of"null"。
水文地质学专业英语单词汇总
专业术语中英文对照表傍河水源地 riverside source field包气带 aeration zone饱和度 degree of saturation饱和流 saturated flow饱水带 saturated zone边界井 boundary well边界条件 boundary condition边界元法 boundary element method标准曲线法（配线法） type-curve method补给区 recharge area补给疏干法 compensation-dewatering method部分排泄型泉 local drainage spring采区充水性图 geologic map of potential flooding in mining area 测压高度 piezometric head层流laminar flow常量元素 common element in groundwater （macroelement ）沉积水（埋藏水） connate water（buried water）成垢作用 boiler scaling成井工艺 well completion technology承压含水层 confined aquifer承压含水层厚度 thickness of confined aquifer承压水 confined water承压水盆地 confined water basin承压水位（头） confining water level持水度 water-holding capacity/ specific retension充水岩层 flooding layer抽水孔 pumping well抽水孔流量 discharge of a pump well抽水孔组 jumping well group抽水量历时曲线图 flow-duration curve抽水试验 pumping test初见（始）水位 initial water level初始条件 initial condition次生盐渍土 secondary salinized soil达西定律Darcy’s law大肠菌群指数 index of coliform organisms大口井 large-diameter wd1大气降水渗入补给量 precipitation infiltration rate单井出水量 yield of single well单孔抽水试验 single well pumping test弹性储存量 elastic storage淡水 fresh groundwater导水系数 transmissivity等降深线 equiodrawdown line等势线 equipotential line等水头面 equipotential surface低频电磁法 very low frequency electromagnetic method 地表疏干 surface draining地表水 surface water地表水补给 surface water recharge地方病 endemic disease地方性氟中毒 endemic fluorosis地面沉降 subsidence地面开裂 land crack地面塌陷 ground surface collapse地下肥水 nutritive groundwater地下集水建筑物 groundwater collecting structure地下径流 underground runoff地下径流模数法 modulus method of groundwater runoff 地下库容 capacity of groundwater reservoir地下卤水 underground brine地下热水 geothermal water地下疏干 underground draining地下水 groundwater地下水补给量 groundwater recharge地下水补给条件 condition of groundwater recharge地下水超采 overdevelopment of groundwater地下水成矿作用 ore-forming process in groundwater地下水储存量（地下水储存资源） groundwater storage地下水的pH值 pH Value of groundwater地下水的碱度 alkalinity of groundwater地下水的酸度 acidity of groundwater地下水的总硬度 total hardness of groundwater地下水等水头线图 map of isopiestic level of confined water地下水等水位线图 groundwater level contour map地下水动力学 groundwater dynamics地下水动态 groundwater regime地下水动态成因类型 genetic types of groundwater regime地下水动态曲线 curve of groundwater regime地下水动态要素 element of groundwater regime地下水分水岭 grot1udwater divide地下水赋存条件 groundwater occurrence地下水化学成分 chemical constituents of groundwater地下水化学类型 chemical type of groundwater地下水环境质量评价groundwater environmental quality assessment 地下水径流量（地下水动储量） groundwater runoff地下水径流流出量 groundwater outflow地下水径流流入量 groundwater inflow地下水均衡 groundwater balance地下水均衡场 experimental field of groundwater balance地下水均衡方程 equation of groundwater balance地下水开采量 groundwater withdrawal地下水开采资源 exploitable groundwater resources地下水可开采量（地下水允许开采量） allowable withdrawal of groundwater 2地下水库 groundwater reservoir地下水埋藏深度 buried depth of groundwater table地下水埋藏深度图 map of buried depth of groundwater地下水模型 groundwater model地下水年龄 age of groundwater地下水年龄测定 dating of groundwater地下水排泄 groundwater discharge地下水盆地 groundwater basin地下水侵蚀性 Corrosiveness of groundwater地下水人工补给 artificial recharge of groundwater地下水人工补给资源 artificial-recharged groundwater resources 地下水设计开采量 designed groundwater withdrawal地下水实际流速 actual velocity of groundwater flow地下水实际流速测定 groundwater actual velocity measurement 地下水数据库 groundwater database地下水数学模型 mathematical model of groundwater地下水水化学图 hydrogeochemical map of groundwater地下水水量模型 groundwater flow model地下水水量评价 evaluation of groundwater quantity地下水水位动态曲线图 hydrograph of groundwater level地下水水质 groundwater quality地下水水质类型 type of groundwater quality地下水水质模型 groundwater quality model地下水天然资源 natural resources of groundwater地下水同位素测定 isotope assaying of groundwater地下水位持续下降 continuously drawndown of groundwater level 地下水污染 groundwater pollution地下水污染评价 groundwater pollution assessment地下水污染物 groundwater pollutants地下水物理模型 physical model of groundwater地下水物理性质 physical properties of groundwater地下水系统 groundwater system地下水预报模型 groundwater prediction model地下水源地 groundwater source field地下水质评价 evaluation of groundwater quality地下水资源 groundwater resources.地下水资源保护 groundwater resources protection地下水资源分布图 map of groundwater resources地下水资源管理区 groundwater resources management地下水资源枯竭 groundwater resources depletion地下水资源评价方法 methods of groundwater resource evaluation地下水总矿化度 total mineralization degree of groundwater地下微咸水 weak mineralized groundwater地下咸水 middle mineralized groundwater地下盐水 salt groundwater地中渗透仪 lysimeter电导率 specific conductance电法测井 electric logging电法勘探 electrical prospecting顶板裂隙带 fissure zone of top wall顶板冒落带 caving zone of top wall定降深抽水试验 constant-drawdown pumping test定解条件 definite condition定流量边界 boundary of fixed flow /constant flow定流量抽水试验 constant-discharge pumping test定水头边界 boundary of fixed water level动水位 dynamic water level断层泉 fault spring断裂带水压导升高度（潜越高度） height of water pressure in fault zone 断面流量 cross-sectional flow对流弥散 convective dispersion多孔抽水试验 multipe wells pumping test多孔介质 porous medium二维流 two-dimensional flow放射性测井 radioactivity logging放射性水文地质图 radio hydrogeological map放射性找水法 radioactive method for groundwater search放水试验 dewatering test非饱和流 unsaturated flow非均匀介质 inhomogeneous medium非均匀流 non-uniform flow非完整井 partially penetrating well非稳定流 unsteady flow非稳定流抽水试验 unsteady-flow pumping test分层抽水试验 separate interval pumping test分层止水 interval plugging分子扩散 molecular diffusion .分子扩散系数 coefficient of molecular diffusion福希海默定律 Forchheimer law辐射井 radial well腐蚀作用 corroding process负均衡 negative balance负硬度 negative hardness富水系数 water content coefficient of mine富水性 water yield property干扰抽水试验 interference-well pumping test干扰井出水量 yield from Interference wells干扰系数（涌水量减少系数） interference coefficient隔水边界 confining boundary隔水层 aquifuge隔水底板 lower confining bed隔水顶板 upper confining bed各向同性介质 isotropic medium各向异性介质 anisotropic medium给水度 specific yield供水水文地质勘查 hydrogeological investigation for water supply 供水水文地质学 water supply hydrogeology拐点法 inflected point method观测孔 observation well管井 tube well灌溉回归系数 irrigation return flow rate灌溉机井 pumping-well for irrigation灌溉系数 irrigation coefficient过水断面 water-carrying section海水入侵 sea-water intrusion3含水层 aquifer含水层储能 energy storage of aquifer含水层弹性释放 elasticity release of aquifers含水层等高线图 contour map of aquifer含水层等厚线图 aquifer impact map含水层等埋深图 isobaths map of aquifer含水层调节能力 regulation capacity of aquifer含水层自净能力 self-purification capability of aquifer含水率 moisture content化学需氧量（COD） chemical oxygen demand环境水文地质勘查 environmental hydrogeological investigation 环境水文地质图 environmental hydyogeologic map环境水文地质学 environmental hydrogeology环境自净作用 environmental self-purification恢复水位 recovering water level回灌井 injection well回灌量 quantity of water recharge回灌水源 recharge water source混合抽水试验 mixed-layer pumping test混合模拟 mixing analog混合作用 mixing hydrochemical action in groundwater激发补给量 induced recharge of groundwater极硬水 hardest water集中供水水源地 well field for concentrated water supply间歇泉 geyser简易抽水试验 simple pumping test降落漏斗 cone of depression降落漏斗法 depression cone method降落曲线 depression curve降水补给 precipitation recharge降水入渗试验 test of precipitation infiltration降水入渗系数 infiltration coefficient of precipitation接触泉 contact spring结构水（化合水） constitutional water （chemical water）结合水 bound water结晶水 crystallization water解逆问题（反演计算） solving of inverse problem解析法 analytic method解正问题（正演计算） solving of direct problem井下供水孔 water supply borehole in mines井中电视（超声成相测井） borehole television（BHTV）径流区 runoff area静止水位（天然水位） static water level （Natural water level）均衡期 balance period均衡区 balance area均匀介质 homogeneous medium均匀流 uniform flow开采模数法 evaluation method of employing groundwater extraction modulus 开采强度法 mining intensity method开采试验法 exploitation pumping test method开采性抽水试验 trail-exploitation pumping test坎儿井 karez空隙 void孔洞 pore space孔隙 pore孔隙比 pore ratio孔隙度（孔隙率） porosity（pore rate）孔隙含水层 porous aquifer孔隙介质 pore medium孔隙水 pore water库尔洛夫式 Kurllov formation矿床充水 flooding of ore deposit矿床充水水源 water source of ore deposit boding矿床充水通道 flooding passage in ore deposit矿床疏干 mine draining矿床疏干深度（疏干水平） dewatering level of mines矿床水文地质 mine hydrogeology矿床水文地质图 mine hydrogeological map矿床水文地质学 mine hydrogeology矿井水文地质调查 survey of mine hydrogeology矿井突水 water bursting in mines矿井涌水 water discharge into mine矿坑水 mine water矿坑突泥 mud gushing in mines矿坑突水量 bursting water quantity of mines矿坑涌砂 sand gushing in mines矿坑涌水量 water yield of mine矿坑正常涌水量 normal water yield of mines矿坑最大涌水量 maximum water yield of mines矿区水文地质勘查 mine hydrogeological investigation 矿泉 mineral spring雷诺数 Reynolds number连通试验 connecting test裂隙 fissure裂隙含水层 fissured aquifer裂隙介质 fissure medium裂隙率 fissure ratio裂隙水 fissure water临界深度 critical depth流量测井 flowmeter logging流量计 flowmeter流网 flow net流线 streamline滤料（填料） gravel pack滤水管（过滤器） screen pipe裸井 barefoot well毛细带 capillary zone毛细管测压水头 capillary piezometric head毛细上升高度 height of capillary rise毛细水 capillary water毛细性 capillarity弥散 dispersion弥散试验 dispersion test钠吸附比（SAR） sodium adsorption ratio拟稳定流 quasi-steady flow凝结水 condensation water凝结水补给 condensation recharge排泄区 discharge area平均布井法 method of well uniform4configuration起泡作用 forming process气体成分分析 gas analysis潜水 phreatic water /unconfined water潜水含水层厚度 thickness of water-table aquifer潜水位 water table潜水溢出量 groundwater overflow onto surface潜水蒸发量 evaporation discharge of phreatic water浅层地震勘探 shallow seismic prospecting强结合水（吸着水） strongly bound water adsorptive water 侵蚀泉 erosional spring侵蚀性二氧化碳 corrosive carbon dioxide裘布依公式 Dupuit formula区域地下水位下降漏斗 regional groundwater depression cone 区域水文地质普查 regional hydrogeological survey区域水文地质学 regional hydrogeology全排泄型泉 complete drainage spring泉 spring泉华 sinter泉流量衰减方程法 method of spring flow attenuation泉水不稳定系数 instability ratio of Spring discharge泉水流量过程曲线 hydrograph of spring discharge泉域 spring area确定性模型 deterministic model扰动土样 disturbed soil sample容积储存量 volumetric storage容水度（饱和含水率） water capacity溶洞 cave cavern溶解他固体总量 total dissolved solids溶解氧（DO） dissolved oxygen溶滤水 lixiviation water溶滤作用 lixiviation软水 soft water弱含水层 aquitard弱结合水（薄膜水） weakly bound water （film water）弱透水边界 weakly-permeable boundary三维流 three-dimensional flow上层滞水 perched water上升泉 ascending spring设汁水位降深 designed drawdown渗流场 seepage field渗流场剖分（单元划分） dissection of seepage field渗流速度 seepage velocity渗入水 infiltration water渗水试验 pit permeability test渗透 seepage渗透率 specific permeability渗透水流（渗流） seepage flow渗透系数（水力传导系数） hydraulic conductivity/ permeability 生化需氧量（BOD） biochemical oxygen demand声波测井 acoustic logging声频大地电场法 audio-frequency telluric method湿地 wet land实井 real well试验抽水 trail pumping手压井 manual-operated pumping well疏干工程排水量 discharge of dewatering excavation疏干巷道 draining tunnel疏干因数 factor of drainage数学模型法 method of mathematical model数学模型检验 verification of mathematical model数学模型识别 calibration d mathematical model数值法 numerical method水文地质勘查报告 report of hydrogeologicai investigation 水动力弥散系数 coefficient of dispersion.水分散晕 water dispersion halo水化学 hydrochemistry水解作用 hydrolytic dissociation水井布局 wafer well arrangement水均衡法 water balance method水均衡方程 equation of water balance水均衡要素 element of water balance水均衡原理 principle of water balance水力坡度 hydraulic gradient水力削减法 hydraulic cut method水流迭加原理 principle of flow superpersitiom水流折射定律 law of seepage flow refraction水圈 hydrosphere水头场 water head field水头场的拟合 fitting of water-head field水头降深场 fieId6f water head drawdown水头降深场的拟合 fitting of water head drawdown field水头损失 water head loss水位计 wellhead water-level gauge水位降深值 drawdown水文地球化学 hydrogeochemistry水文地球化学分带 hydrogeodenml zonality水文地球化学环境 hydrogeochemical environment水文地球化学作用 hydrogeochemical process水文地质比拟法 hydrogeologic analogy method水文地质参数 Hydrogeological parameters水文地质测绘 hydrogeological mapping水文地质单元 hydrogeologic unit水文地质地球物理勘探 hydrogeophysical prospecting水文地质分区 hydrogeological division水文地质概念模型 conceptual hydrogeological model水文地质勘查 hydrogeological investigation水文地质勘查成果 result of hydrogeological investigation 水文地质勘查阶段 hydrogeological investigation stage水文地质勘探孔 hydrogeological exploration borehole水文地质剖面图 hydrogeological profile水文地质试验 hydrogeological test水文地质试验孔 hydrogeological test borehole水文地质条件 hydrogeological condition水文地质学 hydrogeology水文地质学原理 principles of hydrogeology5水文地质钻探 hydrogeological drilling水文水井钻机 hydrogeologic drilling rig水文物探测井 hydrogeological well logging水循环 water cycle水盐均衡 water-salt balance水样 water sample水跃值 hydraulic jump value水质标准 water quality standard水质分析 chemical analysis of water速度水头 velocity head随机模型 stochastic model泰斯公式 Theis formula探采结合孔 exploration-production well同位素水文地质学 isotopic hydrogeology透水边界 permeable boundary透水层 permeable bed透水性 permeability突水水源 source of water bursting突水系数 water bursting coefficient突水预测图 water bursting prediction map土（岩）样 soil （rock）sample土的颗粒分析 grading analysis of soil土壤改良 soil reclamation土壤水 soil water土壤盐渍化 soil salinization脱硫酸作用 desulphidation脱碳酸作用 decarbonation脱硝（氮）作用 denitration完整井 completely penetrating well微量元素 microelement温泉 thermal spring紊流 turbulent flow稳定流 steady flow稳定流抽水试验 steady-flow pumping test稳定水位 steady water level污染通道 pollution channel污染源 pollution source污水资源化 water resources from sewage renewal无压含水层 unconfined aquifer物理模型法 method of physical model细菌总数 bacterial amount下降泉 descending spring咸淡水界面 interface of salt-fresh water相关分析法（回归分析法）correlation analysis method（regression analysis method）硝化作用 nitrification斜井 inclined well虚井 real well悬浮物 suspended solids悬挂泉（季节泉） suspended spring压力传导系数 hydraulic diffusivity压力水头 pressure head雅可布公式 Jacob formula延迟给水（滞后给水） delayed drainage延迟指数 delayed index岩溶含水层 karst aquifer岩溶含水系统 karst water-bring system岩溶介质 karst medium岩溶水 karst water岩石圈 lithosphere岩石渗透性测定 permeability determination of rock盐碱土 saline allkaline soil盐渍土 salinized soil阳离子交替吸附作用cation exchange and adsorption氧化还原电位 oxidation-reduction potential样品采集 sampling遥感技术 remote sensing technology一维流 one-dimensional flow溢流泉 overflow spring影响半径 radius of influence映射法 image method硬水 hard water涌水量方程外推法（试验推断法） discharge equation extrapolation method 游离性二氧化碳 free carbon dioxide有限差分法 finite-difference method有限单元法 finite element method有效降水量 effective precipitation有效孔隙度 effective porosity元素迁移 element migration原生水（初生水） juvenile water（native water）原生盐渍土 primary salinized soil原状土样 undisturbed soil sample越流 leakage越流补给 leakage recharge越流系数 leaky coefficient越流系统 leaky system越流因数（阻越流系数） leaky factor允许水位降深 allowable drawdown蒸发浓缩作用 evaporation-concentration process正均衡 positive balance直线法 linear method重力疏干 gravity drainage重力水 gravity water注水孔 injecting well注水试验 injecting test贮存量变化量 variation of groundwater storage贮水系数（释水系数） storage coefficient专门水文地质学 applied hydrogeology专门性水文地质勘查applied hydrogeclogic investigation专门性水文地质图 special hydrogeological map自流水 artesian water综合水文地质图 synthetic hydrogeoiogical map总水头（渗流水头） total head钻孔流速测 borehole flow-velocity measurement最佳开采量 optimal yield最佳控制水位 optimal controlled water level最佳配水方案 optimal water distribution scheme7.3.2.13斜井 inclined well一般断面尺寸1.8m×2.0 m、倾角20°～40°的倾斜坑道集水工程，适用于开采坚硬岩石、埋深较大的裂隙岩溶水。
水文地质考试题完整版
水文地质考试题HEN system office room 【HEN16H-HENS2AHENS8Q8-HENH1688】一名词解释（10-12个，2分/1个）1.水文地质学：水文地质学是研究地下水的科学，它研究岩石圈，水圈，大气圈，生物圈，以及人类活动相互作用下地下水的形成与演化，即地下水的水量（水位）水温和水质等要素的时空变化及影响因素。
2空隙类型包括孔隙，裂隙，溶穴。
Xue3孔隙度：单位体积岩土中孔隙所占的比例。
n=Vn/V*100%；Vn为岩土中孔隙体积，V为包括孔隙在内的岩土体积。
4孔隙：颗粒与颗粒集合推之间的空隙叫做孔隙。
5空隙中水的存在形式：重力水，毛细水和结合水。
6给水度：地下水位下降单位体积时，释出水的体积和疏干体积的比值。
记为μ，用小数表示。
7有效应力原理：有效应力等于总压力减去孔隙压力。
8含水层：是饱水并能传输与给出相当数量水的岩层。
9隔水层：不能传输与给出相当数量水的岩层。
10潜水：饱水带中第一个具有自由表面且有一定规模的含水层中的重力水。
11潜水等水位图：潜水位相等的各点连线。
12承压水：充满与两个隔水层之间的含水层中的水。
13地下水：地面以下岩石空隙中的水。
14地下水面（位）：地面下岩石中的孔隙被重力水充满形成自由水面，自由水面所处的高程为地下水位。
15包气带：地表到地下水面这一部分。
16饱水带：地下水面以下。
17流网：在渗透场中某一典型剖面或切面上，由一系列等水头线与流线组成的网格。
18流线：渗流场中某一瞬时的一条线，线上各水质点在此瞬时的流向均与此线相切。
19迹线：渗流场中某一时间段内某一水质点的运动轨迹。
20地下水含有气体，离子，胶体，有机质，微生物。
21地下水中的离子成分：Cl-,SO42-,HCO3-重碳酸根离子,Na+,K+,Ca2+,Mg2+22总溶解固体：溶解在水中的无机盐和有机物的总称。
23溶滤作用：与岩土相互作用，使岩土中一部分物质转入地下水中。
24地下水的补给：饱水带获得水量的过程，水量增加的同时，盐量，能量也随之增加。
水利水文术语表中英对照-精选.doc
水圈hydrosphere 小气候microclimate水体water body 副热带（亚热带）subtropic zone水科学water science 比湿specific humidity水文学hydrology 蒲福风级Beaufort wind scale陆地水文学land hydrology 霜点frost point应用水文学applied hydrology 霜冻frostbite工程水文学engineering hydrology 无霜期frost－free period水汽water vapour 流域watershed (basin)水文要素hydrologic elements 闭合流域enclosed basin积雪snow cover 不闭合流域non－enclosed basin 终雪latest snow 闭流区（内流区）bling drainage area融雪snowmelt 分水线（分水岭）divide冰雹hail 流域几何特征basin geometric characteristics 截留interception 河道复流（河道再生）resurgence填洼depression detention 常年河perennial stream地面滞留surface detention 间歇河intermittent stream陆面蒸发evaporation of land 悬河（地上河）elevated stream水面蒸发evaporation of water surface 夺流河（断头河）captured river土壤蒸发evaporation from soil 盈水河gaining stream散发（植物蒸腾）transpiration 亏水河losing stream蒸发能力evaporation capability 暴洪河流flashy stream下渗（入渗）infiltration 界河boundary river稳渗steady infiltration 废河道（古河道）dead river下渗能力infiltration capability 凹岸concave bank河川径流river runoff 凸岸convex bank降雨径流rainfall runoff 岸壁land wall暴雨径流storm runoff 水边线（岸线）water line融雪径流snowmelt runoff 堤防levee枯季径流dry season runoff 河长river length基流base flow 河弯river bend阴塞高压blocking high 弯曲率tortuosity低空急流low－level jet 航道navigable channel低涡vortex 河段reach反气旋（高压）anticyclone 潜洲submerged bar气旋（低压）cyclone 水利学hydraulics热带气旋tropic cyclone 明渠水力学open channel hydraulics热带低压tropic depression 水静力学hydrostatics 热带风暴tropic storm 水动力学hydrodynamics强热带风暴severe tropic storm 明渠水流open channel flow气团air mass 恒定流steady flow锋（锋面）front 非恒定流unsteady flow气象meteorology 均匀流（等速流）uniform flow气候区划climatic regionalization 非均匀流（变速流）non－uniform flow气候带climatic zone 急流supercritical flow缓流subcritical flow 平封flat freeze－up异重流density current 立封upright freeze－up临界流critical flow 冰盖ice cover临界水深critical depth 连底冻grounded ice cover临界流速critical velocity 冰丘ice mound临界流量critical discharge 封冻冰缘ice edge of freeze－up水头head 清沟lead位置水头（位能）elevation head 初生清沟primary lead低强水头（压能）pressure head 再生清沟secondary lead流速水头（动能）velocity head 冰花路毡sludge road felt 雷诺数Reymold number 冰上覆雪snow cover over ice韦伯数Weber number 冰脊ice ridge 水力因素hydraulic factor 冰缝crack湿周wetted perimeter 悬冰suspended ice cover水力半径hydraulic radius 冰堆ice pack宽深比width－depth ratio 冰塞ice jam落差fall 冰上结冰aufeis驻波standing wave 解冻期break－up period移动波translation wave 冰变色color change of ice cover河流动力学river dynamics 冰上有水accumulation of melt water 山洪侵蚀torrential erosion 月中天lunar transit流域产沙量watershed sediment yield 引潮力tidal generation force溶解性总固体total dissolved solids 天文潮astronomic tide离子含量ion concentration 气象潮metorologic tide离子总量total ion concentration 潮汐周期tidal cycle离子流量ion discharge 半日潮semidiurnal tide矿化度mineral content 全日潮diurnal tide盐度salinity 混合潮mixed tide碱度alkalinity 大潮spring tide 酸度acidity 小潮neap tide 电导率electric conductivity 中潮moderate tide 混浊度（浊度）turbidity 太阴月lunar day 总需氧量total oxygen demand 潮期duration of tide溶解氧dissolved oxygen 涨潮历时duration of tidal rise需氧量oxygen demand 落潮历时duration of tidal fall生化需氧量biochemical oxygen demand 潮流tidal current滑雪需氧量chemical oxygen demand 涨潮流flood tidal current硬度hardness 落潮流ebb tidal current非碳酸盐硬度（永久硬度）non－carbonate 憩流slack tidehardness 潮流速tidal velocity浮冰floating ice 往复流reversing current锚冰anchor ice 旋转流rotary current封冻期freeze－up period 潮流期duration of tidal current封冻（封河）freeze－up 涨潮流历时duration of flood current地下水流速velocity of groundwater flow 侧向补给lateral recharge地下水坡度（地下水水面坡度）越流补给leakage rechargehydraulic gradient of groundwater 灌溉补给系数irrigation recharge coefficient 地下水等水位线图water－table contour map of groundwater含水层aquifer 潜水蒸发phreatic water evaporation含水岩系water－content rock series 潜水蒸发临界深度critical depth of phreatic 含水岩组water－content rock formation water evaporation含水岩性water－content rock property 潜水溢出量phreatic water overflow to surface 含水介质water－hearing medium 潜水位phreatic water level均匀介质homogeneous medium 潜水埋深buried depth of phreatic water level 非均匀介质inhomogeneous medium 潜水含水层厚度thickness of phreatic water 含水层边界aquifer boundary aquifer透水边界permeable boundary 内流湖endorheic lake隔水边界confining boundary 淡水湖fresh lake弱透水边界acquitted boundary 咸水湖salt lake透水层permeable bed 盐湖saline lake隔水层confining bed 季节性湖泊seasonal lake弱透水层acquitter 富营养湖泊eutrophic lake水文地质参数hydrogeological parameters 贫营养湖泊poornutrient lake渗透系数permeability coefficient 湖流lake current导水系数(释水系数）梯度流gradient currentcoefficient of transmissivity 漂流current of friction贮水系数storativity 湖泊波漾（假湖）lake seiche水位传导系数（水力扩散系数）湖泊增减水lake wind denivellation coefficient of water table conductivity 湖泊率lake ratio压力传导系数湖泊补给系数recharge coefficient of lake coefficient of pressure conductivity 湖泊换水周期lake residence period持水度water－holding capacity 湖盆lake basin土壤水分常数soil moisture constants 湖面高程elevation of water level in lake土壤吸湿系数absorption coefficient of soil 岛屿率insulositymoisture 湖泊分层lake layering凋萎系数wilting coefficient 正温层direct thermal stratification田间持水量field capacity 逆温层inverse thermal stratification毛管断裂含水量湖泊形态参数morphometric parameter of lake moisture content at capillary rupture 高位沼泽（贫营养沼泽）main level mire最大水分吸水量中位沼泽（中营养沼泽）medium level mire maximum molecular moisture content 沼泽水量平衡water balance of mire零通量面法zero flux plane method 沼泽水mire water潜水phreatic water 沼泽蒸发mire evaporation降水入渗补给precipitation recharge 沼泽径流mire runoff降水入渗补给系数coefficient of precipitation 沼泽表面流surface flow of mirerecharge 沼泽表层流surface layer flow of mire地表水补给surface water recharge 沼泽含水性moisture property of mire凝结水补给condensation recharge 沼泽持水性water retention of mire沼泽透水性perviousness of mire 设站年限station required age沼泽率mire ratio 基面datum冰川glacier 临时水准点temporary benchmark山地冰川（山岳冰川）mountain glacier 测验断面measuring cross－section谷冰川valley glacier 基本水尺断面basic gauge cros－s section宽尾冰川broad－tail glacier流速仪测流断面s section冰斗冰川cirque glacier current－meter measuring cros－悬冰川hanging glacier 浮标测流断面float measuring cross－section 贯通冰川（山麓冰川）penetrating glacier 比降水尺断面slope measuring cros－s section 冰原ice field辅助水尺断面冰川平衡线equilibrium line of glacier secondary gauging cros－s section委托观测entrust gauging临时测流断面s section水文仪器hydrologic instrument temporary measuring cros－直读仪器direct－reading instrument 水文缆道hydrometric cableway 自记仪器automatic－recording instrument 悬索缆道suspended cableway 遥测仪器remote telemetry unit 悬杆缆道suspended rod cableway 固态存贮器solid storage 机动缆道motorized cableway计数器counter 手动缆道hand－operating cableway记录器recorder 循环索loop cable 显示器displayunit 起重索suspension cable 平均无故障工作时间水文缆车hydrometric cable carmean time between failures 吊船过河索cableway for anchoring boat相应水位equivalent stage 缆道测验仪cableway measuring device水文测站hydrometric station 水文测船hydrometric boat 基本站basic station 水文测桥hydrometric bridge 辅助站auxiliarystation 桥测车gauging vehicle on bridge专用站special station水文巡测车水文试验站hydraulic experimental station tour gauging vehicle for hygrometry基准水文站bench mark hydrologic station 雨量器raingauge水文气象站hydrometeorology station 承水器raingauge receiver巡测站tour gauging station 量杯measuring glass水文站gauging station 渠积雨量器accumulative raingauge雨量站网rain gauging network 雨量计rainfall recorder水面蒸发站网虹吸式雨量计siphon rainfall recorderwater surface evaporation network翻斗式雨量计水位站网stage gauging network tipping－bucket rainfall recorder泥沙站网sediment gauging network 长期雨量计long－term rainfall recorder水质站网water quality network 遥测雨量计telemetering rainfall recorder地下水观测井网测雨雷达precipitation－monitoring radar groundwater voservation well network 雪量线snow gauge站网规划hydrologic network planning 雨雪量计rain and snow recorder水文分区hydrologic regionalization 蒸发量evaporation站网布设network layout 蒸发量观测evaporation observation容许最稀站网minimum network蒸发量折算系数reduction coefficient of evaporation 流速梯度velocity gradient遮挡率screen ratio 垂线流速分布vertical velocity distribution蒸发器evaporation pan 断面流速分布cross－section velocity 小型蒸发器（蒸发皿）small evaporation pan distributionE－601型蒸发器水面流速分布surface velocity coefficient evaporation pan of type E－601 顺流downstream flow漂浮蒸发器floating evaporation pan 逆流upstream flow蒸发计evaporimeter 流速脉动velocity pulsation遇测蒸发计telemetering evaporimeter 中泓流速midstream钩形水尺hook gauge 流向测量flow－direction measurement最高水位水尺crest stage gauge 体积法cubature校核水尺check gauge 流速仪current－meter基本水尺断面basic gauge转子式流速仪辅助水尺断面auxiliary gauge rotating－element current－meter比降水尺断面slope gauge 旋杯式流速仪cup－type current－meter 临时水尺temporary gauge 旋桨式流速仪propeller－type current－meter水位计stage gauge 电波流速仪electric wave current－meter自记水位计stage recorder超声波剖面流速仪浮子式水位计float－type stage recorder ultrasonic profile current－meter压力式水位计pressure－type stage recorder 多普勒流速仪Doppler current－meter超声波水位计ultrasonic stage recorder 参证流速仪reference curren－t meter遥测水位计telemetering stage recorder 流量计flow meter接触试水位计contact－type stage recorder 文杜里水流计Venturi flow meter远传水位计telecontrol stage recorder 毕托管Pitot tube自记水位计台stage recorder installation 流速仪检定current－meter calibration静水井stilling well 检定槽calibration tank测得水深measured depth 检定车calibration carriage有效水深effective depth 水面浮标surface float相对水深relative depth 小浮标small float 断面平均水深mean depth at a cros－s section 双浮标double float 干绳改正air line correction 浮杆float－rod湿绳改正wet line correction 堰顶高程elevation of weir crest测点流速velocity measurement 堰顶水头weir head测速垂线surface velocity水工建筑物测流水面流速velocity at a point flow measurement by hydraulic structure测点流速maximum point velocity 闸门开启高度gate opening 最大测点流速velocity－measuring vertical 行近河槽approach channel 垂线平均流速mean velocity at a vertical 行近流速approach velocity部分平均流速mean velocity at a segment 堰流weir flow 断面平均流速cross－section velocity 流态flow regime distribution自由流free flow 浮标流速point velocity coefficient 淹没流submergedflow 中泓流速surface velocity coefficient 半淹没流half－submerged flow 流速分布velocity distribution 孔流sluice flow射流jet flow 中数粒径median particle diameter淹没比submergence ratio 平均粒径mean particle diameter淹没系数submergence coefficient 等容粒径nominal diameter流速系数velocity coefficient 投影粒径projected diameter流量系数discharge coefficient 三轴平均粒径triaxial mean particle diameter 稀释法测流dilution method for discharge几何平均粒径measurement geometric mean particle diameter示踪剂tracer 筛析粒径sieve diameter标准溶液standard solution 沉降粒径settling diameter背景浓度background concentration solution 粒径组fraction of particle size稀释比dilution ratio 颗粒级配grain－size distribution推移质输沙率测验bed load discharge 颗粒级配曲线grain－size distribution curve measurement单样颗粒级配器策法sampling method index sample grain－size distribution坑测法pit method垂线平均颗粒级配沙波法dune tracking method mean grain－size distribution in a vertical床沙测验bed material measurement 对照断面check cross－section照相法photographic method 控制断面control cross－section 打印法stamp pad method 消减断面attenuation cross－section床沙采样器bed material sampler 水样保存water－sample preservation悬移质采样器suspended sediment sampler 检出率detected ratio瞬时式采样器instantaneous sampler 超标率over－limit ratio积时式采样器time－integrating sampler 痕迹量trace瓶式采样器bottled sampler 未检出nonreadout皮囊式采样器collapsible sample 回收率recovery ratio泵式采样器pumping sampler 溶解气体采样器dissolved gases sampler调压式采样器pressure adjustable sampler 冰情观测ice－regime observation同位素测沙仪固定点冰厚测址radioisotope sediment concentration meter fixed－point ice thickness measurement光电测沙仪冰情目测visual observation of ice regime photoelectric sediment concentration meter 冰情符号ice code振动式测沙仪冰情图ice－regime chartavibrational sediment concentration meter 初冰日期first－ice date推移质采样器bed load sampler 封冰日期freeze－update 网式采样器basket－type sampler 解冻日期break－update 吸管pipet 终冰日期end icedate光电颗分仪photoelectric particle size meter 封冻历时freeze－up duration 比重计（密度计）hydrometer 水浸冰厚thickness of immersed ice泥沙沉降sediment settling 敲露水面宽open－water width 沉降速度settling velocity 冰流量ice discharge 平均沉速meansettling velocity等深点流速改正法絮凝flocculation revised isobath－velocity method反凝剂defloeculant流速过程线改正法粒径particle diameter revised velocity－hydrograph method有效潮差significant tidal range 站年station year负波高negative wave height 极值extreme value水库水文测验hygrometry of reservoir 加权平均法weighted mean method入库水量reservoir inflow 断流水位stage of zero flow出库水量reservoir outflow 河干river of zero flow水库供水reservoir water supply 水文过程线hydrograph水库弃水水文综合过程线synthetic hydrograph surplus water released frome reservoir 等值线isopleth水库渗漏量reservoir seepage volume 分布曲线distribution curve水库蓄水变量variation of reservoir storage 水文特征值hydrologiccharacteristic value水库蓄水变率rate of reservoir storage change 径流总量total runoff坝上水位stage behind dam 径流模数runoff modulus库区水位stage in reservoir region 径流系数runoff coefficient水库淤积测量reservoir sedimentation survey 洪峰flood peak 水库淤积量reservoir sedimentation volume 洪水流量peak discharge地形法method of topographic survey 洪水总量flood volume断面法method of cross－section survey 输沙模数modulus ofsediment runoff淤积形态morphology of reservoir deposition 水位流量关系stage－discharge relation淤积三角洲sedimentation delta 连时序法chronologicalmethod淤积物密度dry density of reservoir deposition 绳套曲线loop curve岩溶地区水文调查hydrologic investigation in 流量过程线法discharge hydrograph method karst areas 潮汐要素法tidal factor relation method实际地表集水面积actual surface colleting定潮汐要素法area constant tidal factor relation method水文实验研究合轴相关法coaxial correlation method experimental research in hydrology 一潮推流法method of discharge computation 代表流域representative basin for a single tide实验流域experimental basin 水位流量关系single－valued processing of 相似流域similar basin stage－discharge relation径流实验研究experimental research in runoff 关系曲线延长extension of relation curve径流场runoff plot 流率表rating table人工降雨装置artificial rainfall device 单断沙关系index and cross－section average 蒸发实验研究sediment concentration relationexperimental research in evaporation 单断沙关系曲线法index and cross－section 蒸发池evaporation tank aerage sediment concentration relation curve 土壤蒸发器soil evaporator method蒸散器evapotranspirometer 水位单断沙比关系曲线法stage versus ratio 农田蒸发器evaporator for agricultural land of index and cross－section average sediment 蒸渗仪lysimeter concentration relation curve method地下水均衡场groundwater balance plot 单断沙比过程线法hydrograph method of 合理性检查rational examination index and cross－section average sediment 电算整编processing by computer concentration ratio水文年鉴water year－book 单样过程线法hydrograph method of index 测站考证station examination sediment concentration真值true value 伏汛summer flood测量值（实测值）measured value 汛期flood season最或然值most probable value 防汛flood defence绝对误差absolute error 报汛站flood－reporting station相对误差relative error 报汛站网flook－reporting network插机误差（偶然误差）random error常年水情站允许误差permissible error perennial hydrologic reporting station伪误差（粗差）spurious汛期水情站方差variance hydrologic reporting station inflood season标准差standard deviation辅助水清站网相对标准差relative standard deviation auxiliary hydrologic reporting network离差（偏差）deviation 洪水警报flood warning闭合差closure error 点雨量point rainfall平差adjustment 面雨量areal rainfall精密度precision 泰森多边形Thiessen polygon准确度correctness 等雨量线法isohyetal method垂线抽样误差（M 型误差）measuring vertical 产流runoff yieldsampling error 蓄满产流runoff yield at natural storage分布式数据库distributed type data base 超渗产流runoff yield in excess of infiltration 集中式数据库concentrated type data base 产流面积area of runoff yield网络式数据库network type data base 地表径流（直接径流）direct runoff层次数据库laminarization data base 地面流（坡面流）surface flow of mire层次数据模型laminarization data model 壤中流prompt subsurface flow网状数据模型network data model 前期影响雨量antecedent rainfall数据量data bulk 土壤缺水量soil moisture deficit结点node下渗能力曲线（下渗曲线）水文数据库hydrologic data base infiltration capability curve水文基本数据库hydrologic basic data base 初损initial losses湖泊水文预报hydrologic firecasting of lake 后损（后渗）continuing losses施工水文预报坡面汇流overland flow concentration hydrologic forecasting for construction period河网汇流（河槽汇流）潮汐预报tidal prediction river network flow concentration旱情预报soil moisture forecasting 地下汇流groundwater flow concentration地下水动态预报汇流曲线flow concentration curve groundwater regime forecasting 流域汇流曲线basin flow concentration curve 预见期forecast lead time坡面汇流曲线超长期水文预报overland flow concentration curveextended long－term hydrologic forecasting河网汇流曲线作业预报operational forecasting river network flow concentration curve预报方案forecast scheme地下汇流曲线评定标准accuracy standard groundwater flow concentration curve方案合格率qualified ratio of scheme 流域汇流时间basin flow concentration time 确定性系数deterministic coefficient 洪峰滞时peak time lag 汛seasonal flood 流域滞时basin time lag等流滞时isochrone system单位线unit hydrograph 混合式系统mix system经验单位线empiricat unit hydrograph时分制遥测系统综合单位线synthetic unit hydrograph time－division telemetry system瞬时单位线instantaneous unit hydrograph频分制遥测系统地貌瞬时单位线frequency－division telemetry system geomorphologic instantaneous unit hydrograph 误码率probability of word error坡地单位线slope unit hydrograph 接受率receiving probability河网单位线river network unit hydrograph 设计站design stationS－曲线S－curve 设计流域design watershed无因次单位线dimensionless unit hydrograph 代表站representative station退水曲线recession curve 参证站bench－mark station水文模型hydrologic model 典型年（代表年）typicyear水文物理模型（水文实体模型）水文系列hydrologic serieshydrophysical model 同步系列synchronous series 比尺模型scale model 系列代表性series representativeness比拟模型analogue model 柱状图histogram水文数学模型hydrologic mathematic model 诺谟图monogram水文概念模型physically－based hydrologic输沙量计算（固体径流计算）mathematic model computation of sediment runoff水文数学物理模型水库回水计算deterministic hydrologic model computation of reservoir backwater确定性水文模型stochastic hydrologic model水库淤积计算分散式模型distributed model computation of reservoir sedimentation集总式模型lumped model水库下游河道冲刷计算线性水温模型linear hydrologic model computation of degradation below reservoir非线性水文模型nonlinear hydrologic model 溃坝洪水计算evaluation of dam break flood 时不变水文模型感潮河段水力计算hydraulic calculation for time－invariant hydrologic model tidal reach时变水文模型time－variant hydrologic model 样本容量sample size流域水文数学模型随机变量random variablehydrologic mathematic model of watershed 随机系列random series模型结构model structure 累计频率（频率）cumulative frequency模型参数model parameter 经验频率empirical frequency模型误差model error水文频率分布曲线（水文频率曲线）模型率定model calibration hydrologic frequency distribution curve模型检验model verification 皮尔逊分布Pearson distribution 水文模拟hydrologic simulation 对数正态分布log normal distribution遥测终端机telemetry terminal meter 频率分析frequency analysis 中继机relay meter 随机模拟stochastic simulation 前置通信控制机时间序列time seriespreset communication controller 随机水文分析hydrologic stochastic analysis 自报式系统self－reporting system 趋势项trend term 查询－应答式系统polling －answerback 周期项cycle term随机项stochastic term 可能最大露点probable maximum dew point 调和分析（谐波分析）harmonic analysis 暴雨移置改正storm transposition correction 潜分析spectrum analysis 流域形状改正watershed shape correction回归分析（相关分析）regression analysis 水汽改正moisture correction相关系数correlation coefficient 入流障碍改正inflow obstacle correction自回归分析autoregression analysis 综合改正synthetic correction逐步回归分析stepwise regression analysis暴雨幅合分量设计供水design flood convergence component of storm 溢洪道设计洪水spillway design flood 地形增强因子topographic increasing factor 分期设计洪水stage design flood 等百分数法isopercental method 施工设计洪水可能最大洪水probable maximum flood design flood for construction period 涝surface water logging校核洪水check flood 渍subsurface waterlogging实测洪水observed flood 排涝surface waterlogging control调查洪水investigated flood 排渍subsurface waterlogging control古洪水paleoflood 排涝规划waterlogging control planning坝址洪水dam－site flood 排涝标准standard for waterlogging control入库洪水reservoir inflow flood 排涝计算computation of waterlogging control 分项调查法设计排涝流量item－by－item investigation method design discharge for surface drainage降雨径流模型法设计排渍流量design drainage discharge of rainfall－runoff model method subsurface waterlogging control蒸发差值法evaporation difference method设计排涝水位径流年内分配annual distribution of runoff design water level for surface drainage径流多年变化multiyear variation of runoff 水荒water famine丰水期high－water period 水资源评价water resources assessment平水期normal－water period水资源基础评价枯水期（枯季）low－flow period water resources basic assessment丰水年wet year 水量评价water quantity assessment平水年（中水年）normal year 水质评价water quality assessment枯水年dry year地表水资源评价特枯水年extraordinary dry year surface water resources assessment连续丰水年continuous wet years水资源评价指标连续枯水年continuous dry years indexes of water resources assessment水文年鉴water year 水资源总量total amount of water resources 设计雨型design storm pattern 地表水资源量surface water resources amount 暴雨路径storm track 地下水资源量groundwater resources amount 暴雨时程分配time distribution of storm 可利用量utilizable water 暴雨地区分布special distribution of storm 地下水可开采量groundwater available yield 暴雨参数等值线storm parametric isoline map 可供水量available water supply 点面换算系数径流调节runoff regulationpoint－area conversion coefficient综合利用水库调节（多目标水库调节）定点定面关系reservoir regulation for comprehensive fixed point－fixed area relationship utilization水库调洪reservoir flood routing无机物水污染水库供水调节water pollution by inorganic substances reservoir regulation for water supply有机物水污染水电站径流调节water pollution by organic substancesrunoff regulation of hydropower regulation有毒物质水污染水库反调节reregulating reservoir water pollution by toxic substances水库群调节multi－reservoir regulation 放射性水污染radioactive water pollution径流调节计算热污染thermal pollutioncomputation of runoff regulation 生物水污染water pollution by organism时历法（长系列操作法）chronological series 富营养化eutrophicationmethod 次生水污染secondary water pollution概率法（数理统计法）probability method 地下水污染groundwater pollution随机模拟法stochastic simulation method水污染常规分析指标调节周期regulating period index of routine analysis for water pollution目标函数objective function水污染遥感监测约束方程constraint equation remote－sensing monitoring of water pollution 状态变量state variable 污染物pollutant决策变量decision variable 污染物迁移transport of pollutant数学规划mathematic programming 机械迁移physical transport线性规划linear programming 物理－化学迁移physicochemical transport非线性规划nonlinear programming 人为污染源artificial pollution source水库防洪调度天然污染源natural pollution sourceflood control scheduling of reservoir 污染源调查investigation of pollution sources 水库实时调度real－time reservoir scheduling 污染源控制pollution source control水库群调度multi－reservoir scheduling 水质参数water quality parameters水库预报调度水质模型water quality modelreservoir scheduling based on forecast 水温模型water temperature model抽水蓄能pumped storage水质生物评价水沙调度scheduling of water and sediment biologic assessment of water quality水环境water environment 水环境效益water environmental effect水环境要素（水环境基质）水污染环境效应environmental effect of water water environment elements pollution水环境背景值（水环境本底值）水环境保护water environmental protection water environmental background value 水质规划water quality planning 水生态系统aquatic ecosystem 河流水质规划river water quality planning 化学径流chemical runoff 水库水质规划reservoir water quality planning环境用水environmental water 水污染综合防治规划planning of 环境水文学environmental hydrology comprehensive water pollution control环境水力学environmental hydraulics 水源保护区protection zone of water source 环境水化学environmental hydrochemistry 蒸发evaporation 地下水超量开采groundwater overdraft 水位stage 人工补给（人工回灌）artificial recharge 流速velocity 地下水降落漏斗groundwater depression cone 流量discharge化学水污染chemical water pollution 含沙量sediment concentration输沙率sediment discharge 热带气旋雨rainfall in tropic cyclone水温模型water temperature 卫星云图satellite cloud picture冰凌ice run 气压（大气压强）atmospheric pressure水质water quality 海平面气压sea－level pressure下垫面underlying surface 湿球温度wet－bulb temperature水文情势hydrologic regime 水汽压vapour pressure水文效应hydrologic effect 饱和水汽压saturation vapour pressure水文循环（水循环）hydrologic cycle 绝对湿度absolute humidity水量平衡water balance 相对湿度relative humidity热量平衡heat balance 饱和差saturation deficit盐量平衡salt balance 流域长度basin length大气水汽含量流域平均高程basin elevation mean atmospheric water vapour content 流域平均宽度basin width mean大气水汽输送流域平均坡度basin slope mean atmospheric water vapour transport流域不对称系数水汽输送通量atmospheric water vapour flux coefficient of basin nonsymmetric降雨面积rainfall area 流域面积增长率growth ratio of drainage area 降雨分布rainfall distribution流域自然地理特征暴雨洪水storm flood physiographic characteristics of basin冰凌洪水（凌讯）ice flood 水系（河系）hydrographic net冰雪洪水ice－snow melt flood 人工河网artificial drainage network雨雪混合洪水rain and snowmelt flood 河网密度drainage density山洪flash flood 明渠open channel 溃坝洪水dam－break flood 河源headwaters 大气环流atmospheric circulation冲沟gully行星尺度天气系统溪流brookplanetary scale weather system 分支fork天气尺度天气系统串沟bifurcation channelsynoptic scale weather system 外流河exoreic river中小尺度天气系统内陆河endothecia rivermeso and micro－scale weather 减河relief channel风暴潮storm surge 控制河段control reach 风暴中心storm center 顺流河段straight reach 西风槽westerly trough 弯曲河段bent reach 东风波easterly wave 扩散河段expanding reach 低压槽trough 收缩河段converging reach高压脊ridge 游荡河段wandering reach副热带高压subtropic high 感潮河段tidal reach温带extratropic zone 裁弯河段channel cutoff 寒带frigid zone 稳定河槽stable channel季风monsoon 不稳定河槽（冲淤河槽）unstable channel 梅雨（霉雨）plum rains 主槽main channel阵雨showery rain 单式河槽single channel地形雨aerographic rain 复式河槽compound channel河道横断面river cross－section sediment transport capacity of flow河道纵断面river longitudinal profile 河床演变fluvial process断面特性cross－section characteristics 冲刷scar河床形态channel morphology 淤积sedimentation浅滩thoal 沙量平衡sediment balance急潭cataract 泥沙输移sediment transport河漫滩flood plain 泥沙输移比sediment delivery ratio江心湖channel island 浆河现象clogging of river sediment flow有效水头effective head 揭河底现象tearing of river bed水头损失head loss 天然水质natural water quality沿程水头损失frictional head loss 水化学hydrochemistry局部水头损失local head loss 冰清ice regime能面比降energy slope 结冰河流ice－frozen stream水面比降surface slope 封冻河流freeze－up stream摩阻比降friction slope 稳定封冻河流stable freeze－up stream附加比降（加速比降）add slope 非稳定封冻河流unstable freeze－up stream 河道比降（河床比降）channel slope 结冰期ice－frozen period水面横比降transverse slope of water surface 初生冰initial ice 倒比降inverse slope 冰针ice specula总水头线total head line 冰凇rime ice水面线water surface profile 圆扁冰pan－cake ice糙率roughness 冰花frazil slush谢才系数Chezy coefficient 岸冰border ice谢才公式Chezy formula 初生岸冰initial border ice曼宁公式Manning formula 固定岸冰fixed border ice输水因数（输水率）conveyance factor 冲击岸冰agglomerated border ice水跃hydraulic jump 再生岸冰regenerative border ice水舌nappe 残余岸冰residual border ice回水曲线（壅水曲线）hackwater curve 雪冰slush ice 弗汝德数Froudenumber 水内冰underwater ice悬移质suspended load 冰屑shuga推移质bed load 冰底边ice base boundary床沙bed material 冰礁ice reef床沙质bed material load 冰桥ice bridge冲泻质wash load 流冰花slush ice run河流泥沙运动sediment transport in river 冰上流水water flow over ice泥沙起动incipient motion of sediment层冰层水起动流速competent velocity ice cover with intercalated water layers造床流址dominant discharge 融冰thawing泥沙密度density of sediment 冰层塌陷ice sheet depression高含沙水流冰层浮起floating ice coverflow with hypereoncentration of sediment 冰滑动dislodging of ice cover泥石流debris flow 解冻（开河）break－up 水流挟沙能力文开河tranquil break－up武开河violent break－up机械弥散系数（水力弥散系数）流沙ice run coefficient of mechanical dispersion流沙堆积drifting ice pack水动力弥散系数冰坝ice dam coefficient of hydrodynamic dispersion残冰堆积residual ice accumulation 包气带aeration zone 潮汐tide饱和层saturated zone 潮位（潮水位）tidal level 土壤水soilwater 涨潮flood tide 结合水bound water 落潮ebbtide 吸着水absorbed water 高潮high tide薄膜水pellicular water 低潮low tide 上层滞水perched water平潮dead tide 渗入水infiltration water 涨潮潮差flood tidal range 凝结水condensation water 落潮潮差ebb tidalrange 毛管水capillary water高潮间歇high lunitidal interval 毛管上升高度height of capillary rise低潮间歇low lunitidal interval 毛管压力水头capillary pressure head日潮不等diurnal inequality 土壤含水量soil moisture content落潮流历时duration of ebb current饱和含水量（全持水量）涌潮bore saturated moisture content河口水流estuarine flow 饱和度saturation coefficient河口潮汐estuarine tide 土水势soil water potential河口演变fluvial precesses of estuary 重力水gravity water拦门沙estuarine bar 给水度specific yield河口三角洲estuarine delta 承压水confined water滩涂（海涂）tidal flat 隔水顶板upper confining bed地下水水文学groundwater hydrology 隔水底板lower confining bed水文地质学hydrogeology 承压含水层厚度thickness of confined aquifer 地下水动力学groundwater dynamics 承压水头confined water head地下水系统groundwater system 自流水井artesian well地下水流域drainage basin of groundwater 含水层天窗skylight of upper confining bed地下水分水岭groundwater divide 孔隙水pore water地下水动态groundwater regime 孔隙含水层porous aquifer地下水均衡groundwater balance 孔隙－裂隙含水层pore－fissure aquifer地下水运动（渗流）groundwater movement 有效孔隙度effective porosity地下水模型groundwater model 裂隙水fissure water地下水储量groundwater storage 裂隙含水层fissured aquifer地下水水库groundwater reservoir 裂隙度fissure ratio 越流系数leakage coefficient 岩溶（喀斯特）karst延迟指数delay index 岩溶水karst water 影响半径influence radios 溶洞karst cave 补给带宽度range of recharge zone 岩溶含水层karst aquifer 水位削减值drawdown value interference 温泉thermal spring 分子扩散系数coefficient of molecular 矿泉mineral spring diffusion外流湖exoreic lake。
水文技术标准术语(中英)
水文技术标准术语序号中文名称英文名称1 河流及流域特征Characteristics of river and basin1.1 河流及水系River and river system1.1.1 河流river1.1.2 干流（主河）trunk river (main stream)1.1.3 支流tributary stream (branch river)1.1.4 河源river head (river source, headwater)1.1.5 河口river mouth (estuary)1.1.6 河长river length1.1.7 深泓线thalweg1.1.8 中泓线stream central line1.1.9 落差drp1.1.10 河道比降（纵坡降、坡降）river slope1.1.11 河槽（河床）stream channel1.1.12 水系（河系、河网）hydrographic net (river system)1.1.13 河网密度drainage density1.2 流域特征Characteristics of basin1.2.1 流域watershed (basin, drainage area)1.2.2 流域分水线basin divide1.2.3 流域面积（集水面积）watershed area (drainage area, catchment area)1.2.4 流域长度（流域轴长）length of basin1.2.5 流域植被率（植被度）percentage of vegetations in drainage area 1.2.6 流域湖泊率percentage of lakes in drainage area1.2.7 流域沼泽率percentage of swamps in drainage area2 水文分析计算hydrological analysis and computation2.1 水文计算hydrologic computation2.1.1 水文计算hydrological computation2.1.2 水文统计hydrological statistics2.1.3 累计频率accumulative frequency2.1.4 重现期return period2.1.5 水文频率曲线hydrological frequency curve2.1.6 设计频率design frequency2.1.7 相关分析corelation analysis2.2 暴雨rain storm2.2.1 大暴雨large rain storm2.2.2 特大暴雨extraordinary rainstorm2.2.3 降雨面积（雨区）precipitation area (rain area)2.2.4 暴雨中心rainstorm center2.2.5 暴雨强度rainstorm intensity2.2.6 暴雨历时rainstorm duration2.2.7 点雨量point precipitation (point rainfall)2.2.8 面雨量area precipitation (area rainfall)2.2.9 定点定面关系precipitation relationship between fixed point and fixed area)2.2.10 动点动面关系（暴雨中心点面关系）precipitation relationship between center point and variable area)2.2.11 暴雨时、面、深关系depth-area-duration relationship of storm (DAD)2.2.12 暴雨强度历时曲线duration curve of storm intensity2.2.13 设计暴雨design rainstorm2.2.14 设计雨型design rainfall pattern2.2.15 暴雨等雨量线图isohyet map of rainstorm2.2.16 可降水量probable precipitation2.2.17 可能最大降雨probable maximum precipitation (PMP)2.2.18 暴雨模式rainstorm model2.2.19 典型暴雨typical rainstorm2.2.20 移置暴雨transposition storm2.2.21 组合暴雨synthetic storm2.2.22 露点dewpoint2.2.23 地面露点dewpoint at earth surface2.2.24 代表性露点representative dewpoint2.2.25 可能最大露点probable maximum dewpoint2.3 产流（汇流）runoff yield (concentration of flow)2.3.1 产流runoff yield (runoff formation)2.3.2 蓄满产流runoff yield under saturated storage2.3.3 超渗产流runoff yield under excess infiltration2.3.4 下渗容量线（下渗曲线）infiltration capacity curve 2.3.5 初损initial losses2.3.6 最大初损maximum initial losses2.3.7 后损later losses2.3.8 降雨径流关系图rainfall-runoff relationship2.3.9 设计净雨量design net rainfall2.3.10 基流base flow2.3.11 汇流concentration of flow2.3.12 河槽集流（河网集流）concentration of channel flow 2.3.13 单位线（时段单位线）unithydrograph2.3.14 瞬时单位线instantaneous unithydrograph2.3.15 综合单位线synthetic unithydrograph2.3.16 概化洪水过程线simplified flood dydrograph2.4 径流runoff2.4.1 径流runoff2.4.2 地表径流surface runoff2.4.3 地下径流groundwater runoff2.4.4 径流深runoff depth2.4.5 径流模数runoff modulus2.4.6 径流系数runoff coefficient2.4.7 多年平均年径流量mean annual runoff2.4.8 设计年径流量design anuual runoff2.4.9 设计年径流量年内分配distribution of annual runoff within a year2.5 洪水flood2.5.1 设计洪水design flood2.5.2 设计洪水标准standard of design flood2.5.3 可能最大洪水probable maximum flood (PMF)2.5.4 分期设计洪水stage design flood2.5.5 施工设计洪水design flood of construction period2.5.6 坝址洪水flood at dam site2.5.7 入库洪水flood into reservoir2.5.8 溃坝洪水dambreak flood2.5.9 小流域设计洪水（小面积设计洪水）design flood of small catchment2.6 泥沙sediment2.6.1 固体径流sediment runoff2.6.2 含沙量sediment charge (sediment concentration)2.6.3 输沙量sediment runoff2.6.4 输沙率sediment discharge2.6.5 平均输沙量mean sediment runoff2.6.6 平均输沙率mean sediment discharge3 水文预报hydrological forecast3.1 水文预报hydrolgocial forecast3.1.1 预见期leading time3.1.2 短期水文预报short term hydrological forecasting3.1.3 中、长期水文预报mid and long term hydrological forecast3.1.4 降雨径流的预报rainfall runoff forecast3.1.5 洪水预报（洪水径流预报）flood forecast3.1.6 枯水预报（枯水径流预报）low flow forecast3.1.7 泥沙预报sediment forecast3.1.8 水质预报water quality forecast3.1.9 冰情预报ice regime forecast3.1.10 封冻预报freezing forecast3.1.11 解冻预报ice break forecast3.1.12 水文模型hydrological model3.1.13 确定性水文模型determinate hydrological model3.1.14 随机性水文模型（非确定性水文模型）stochastic hydrological model3.1.15 人类活动水文效应hydrological response due to human activitiesSustainable Development。
水文地质专业英语
1、Translate these words into English水文地质学hydrogeology基流Base flow大气降水Atmospheric precipitation碳酸盐carbonate参数，参量越流，泄漏，渗漏地层formation节理，裂隙均质的，均匀的等势面，等水头面岩浆的数量级水力传导系数，渗透系数非稳定流蒸发蒸腾地势径流储水系数Storage coefficient导水系数Water conductivity有限差分法Finite difference method2、Translate these words into Chineseflowing well 自喷井electrolyte 电解液isotope 同位素electrical conductance 电导率thermal agitation 热骚动capillarity 毛细现象confining boundary 封闭边界solubility溶解度isotropic medium 各向同性介质piezometric head 测压管水头hydraulic gradient 水力梯度laminar flow层流recession n. 衰退；不景气；后退；凹处anisotropic medium 【电工学】各向异性介质inhomogeneous不均匀uniform flow均匀流；等流速storage coefficient 存储系数cation 阳离子critical velocity临界速度moisture content含水率3．Translate these sentences into Chinese（1）Solar energy drives the hydrological cycle, gravity and other forces also play important roles. 太阳能驱动水循环、重力和其他部队也扮演了一个重要的角色。
水文地质、工程地质常用英文词汇
水文地质、工程地质常用英文词汇1地形地貌 geographic and geomorphic工程地质条件 engineeringgeological conditions地形地貌条件 geographicand geomorphic conditions 地形 land form地貌 geomorphology, relief微地貌 microrelief地貌单元 landformunit, geomorphic unit坡度 grade地形图 relief map河谷 river valley河道 river course河床 river bed(channel)冲沟 gully, gulley, erosiongully,stream(brook)河漫滩 floodplain(valley flat)阶地 terrace冲积平原 alluvialplain三角洲 delta古河道 fossil river course, fossilstreamchannel 冲积扇 alluvial fan洪积扇 diluvial fan坡积裙 talus apron分水岭 divide盆地 basin岩溶地貌 karstland feature, karst landform溶洞 solution cave, karst cave落水洞 sinkhole土洞 Karstic earth cave2地层岩性地层 geostrome (stratum, strata)岩性 lithologic character, rockproperty岩体 rock mass岩层 bed stratum岩层 layer, rock stratum母岩 matrix, parent rock相变 facies change硬质岩 strong rock, film软质岩 weak rock硬质的 competent软质的 incompetent基岩 bedrock岩组 petrofabric覆盖层 overburden交错层理 crossbedding层面 bedding plane片理 schistosity层理 bedding板理（叶理） foliation波痕 ripple-mark泥痕 mud crack雨痕 raindrop imprints造岩矿物 rock-formingminerals 粘土矿物 claymineral高岭土 kaolinite蒙脱石 montmorillonite伊利石 illite云母 mica白云母 muscovite黑云母 biotite石英 quartz长石 feldspar正长石 orthoclase斜长石 plagioclase辉石 pyroxene, picrite角闪石 hornblende方解石 calcite构造 structure结构 texture组构 fabric(tissue)矿物组成 mineralcomposition 结晶质 crystalline非晶质 amorphous产状 attitude火成岩 igneous岩浆岩 magmatic rock火山岩（熔岩）lava火山 volcano侵入岩 intrusive(invade) rock 喷出岩 effusive rock深成岩 plutonic rock浅成岩 pypabysal rock酸性岩 acid rock中性岩 inter-mediate rock 基性岩 basic rock超基性岩 ultrabasicrock岩基 rock base (batholith) 岩脉（墙） dike岩株 rock stock岩流 rock flow岩盖 rock laccolith (laccolite) 岩盆 rock lopolith岩墙 rock dike岩床 rock sill岩脉 vein dyke花岗岩 granite斑岩 porphyry玢岩 porphyrite流纹岩 rhyolite正长岩 syenite粗面岩 trachyte闪长岩 diorite安山岩 andesite辉长岩 gabbro玄武岩 basalt细晶岩 aplite伟晶岩 pegmatite煌斑岩 lamprophyre辉绿岩 diabase橄榄岩 dunite黑曜岩 obsidian浮岩 pumice火山角砾岩 vulcanicbreccia火山集块岩 volcanicagglomerate 凝灰岩 tuff沉积岩 sedimentary rock碎屑岩 clastic rock粘土岩 clay rock粉砂质粘土岩 siltyclaystone化学岩 chemical rock生物岩 biolith砾岩 conglomerate角砾岩 breccia砂岩 sandstone石英砂岩 quartzsandstone粉砂岩 siltstone钙质粉砂岩 calcareoussiltstone 泥岩 mudstone页岩 shale盐岩 saline石灰岩 limestone白云岩 dolomite泥灰岩 marl泥钙岩 argillo-calcareous泥砂岩 argillo-arenaceous砂质 arenaceous泥质 argillaceous硅质的 siliceous有机质 organic matter粗粒 coarse grain中粒 medium-grained沉积物 sediment (deposit)漂石、顽石 boulder卵石 cobble砾石 gravel砂 sand粉土 silt粘土 clay粘粒 clay grain砂质粘土 sandyclay粘质砂土 clayeysand壤土、亚粘土 loam砂壤土、亚砂土轻亚粘土 sandy loam浮土、表土 regolith(topsoil)黄土 loess红土 laterite泥灰 peat软泥 ooze淤泥 mire, oozed mud, sludge,warp clay 冲积物（层） alluvion冲积的 alluvial洪积物（层） proluvium,diluvium, diluvion 洪积的 diluvial坡积物（层） deluvium残积物（层） eluvium残积的 eluvial风积物（层） eoliandeposits湖积物（层） lakedeposits海积物（层） marinedeposits冰川沉积物（层）glacier(drift)deposits崩积物（层） colluvialdeposits,colluvium 残积粘土 residualclay变质岩 metamorphic rock板岩 slate千枚岩 phyllite片岩 schist片麻岩 gneiss石英岩 quartzite大理岩 marble糜棱岩 mylonite混合岩 migmatite碎裂岩 cataclasite3地质构造地质构造 geologicstructure结构构造 structuraltexture大地构造 geotectonic构造运动 tectogenesis造山运动 orogeny升降运动 verticalmovement水平运动 horizontalmovement完整性 perfection(integrity)起伏度 waviness尺寸效应 sizeeffect围压效应 confiningpressure effect产状要素 elementsofattitude产状 attitude, orientation走向 strike倾向 dip倾角 dip angle, angle of dip褶皱 fold褶曲 fold单斜 monocline向斜 syncline背斜 anticline穹隆 dome挤压 squeeze上盘 upper section下盘 bottom wall, footwall,lower wall 断距 separation相交 intersect断层 fault正断层 normal fault逆断层 reversed fault平移断层 parallelfault层理 bedding, stratification微层理 light stratification地堑 graben地垒 horst, fault ridge断层泥 gouge, pug, selvage, faultgouge 擦痕 stria, striation断裂 fracture破碎带 fracture zone节理 joint节理组 joint set裂隙 fissure, crack微裂隙 fine fissure, microscopicfissure劈理 cleavage原生裂隙 originaljoint次生裂隙 epigeneticjoint张裂隙 tension joint剪裂隙 shear joint卸荷裂隙 reliefcrack裂隙率 fracture porosity结构类型 structuralpattern岩体结构 rockmass structure岩块 block mass结构体 structural element块度 blockness结构面 structural plane软弱结构面 weakplane临空面 free face碎裂结构 cataclastictexture板状结构 platystructure薄板状 lamellose块状的 lumpy, massive层状的 laminated巨厚层 giant thick-laminated薄层状的 finelylaminated软弱夹层 weakintercalated layer夹层 inter bedding,intercalated bed, interlayer, intermediate layer 夹泥层 clayey intercalation夹泥 inter-clay连通性 connectivity切层 insequent影响带 affecting zone完整性 integrity n.Integrate v. &a.degree ofintegrality破碎 crumble胶结 cement泥化 argillization尖灭 taper-out错动 diastrophism错动层面 faultedbedding plane 断续的 intermittent破碎 crumble共轭节理 conjugatedjoint散状 loose透镜状的 lens-shapeda.岩石碎片 crag岩屑 cuttings, debris薄膜 membrane, film层理 stratification高角度 high dip angle缓倾角 low dip angle反倾 anti-dip互层 interbed v. Interbedding n.起伏的 unplanar波状起伏的 undulate,undulating 粒径 particle size构造层 tectonosphere挤压 compression均一的 homogeneous剪切错动面 shearfaulted, bedding zone切割 dissection切割的 dissected致密 close, compact构造岩 tectonite糜棱岩 mylonite断层角砾岩 faultbreccia方解石脉 calcitevein碎块岩 clastic rock角砾 breccia岩粉 rock powder岩屑 debris, debry固结 consolidation定向排列 orientedspread构造应力 tectonicstress残余应力 residualstress4水文地质条件 hydrogeological conditions 水文循环 hydrologiccycle大气圈 atmosphere水圈 hydrosphere岩石圈 geosphere地表径流 surfacerunoff地下径流 subsurfacerunoff流域 valley, drainage basin流域面积 drainagearea, river basin area汇水面积 catchmentarea地下水 ground water, subsurfacewater地表水 surface water大气水 atmospheric water气态水 aqueous (vapour) water液态水 liquid water固态水 solid water上层滞水 perchedwater潜水 phreatic water承压水 confined water吸着水 hygroscopic (adsorptive)water介质 medium空隙 void孔隙水压力 porewater pressure渗透压力 osmoticpressure, seepage force扬压力 uplift pressure静水压力 hydrostaticpressure外静水压力 externalhydrostatic pressure动水压力 hydrodynamicpressure渗透力 seepage pressure外水压力 externalwater pressure内水压力 internalwater pressure水力联系 hydraulicinterrelation水力折减系数 hydraulicreduction coefficient 水头损失 waterhead loss渗透途径 filtrationpath, seepage path渗透系数 penetrationcoefficient潜水位 water table level水位 water level, stage level水头 water head含水层 aquifer弱含水层（弱透水层） aquitard滞水层 aquiclude透水层 permeable layer, perviouslayer不透水层（隔水层） aquifuge,impervious layer,impermeable layer,aquiclude潜水含水层 phreaticaquifer承压含水层 confinedaquifer, artesian aquifer 承压面 bearing surface潜水面 phreatic surface, watertable浸润线 phreatic curve不透水边界 imperviousboundary地下分水岭 groundwaterridge粘滞性 viscosity富水性 abundance透水性（渗透性）permeability淋滤（溶滤作用）lixiviation,leaching反滤层 inverted gravel filter水锈 incrustation渗滴 seep饱和 saturation, saturated潜水位变化带 zoneof variable phreatic level 气象因素 meteorologicalfactor饱水带 zone of saturation包气带 aerationzone, zone of aeration包气带水 aerationzone water上层滞水 perchedwater孔隙水 pore water裂隙水 fissure water岩溶水 karstic water结合水 bound water, combined water吸着水 hydroscopic water薄膜水 pellicular water毛细水 capillary water重力水 gravitational water凝结水 condensation water地下水埋藏条件condition ofgroundwater occurrence 地下水埋藏深度 depthof groundwater occurrence压水试验 packerpermeability test抽水试验 pumpingtest5物理力学性质物理力学 physicalmechanics n.Physico-mechanicala.屈服准则 yieldcriteria米赛斯屈服准则 VonMises yield criteria朗肯土压力理论Ranking’searth pressur e theory剑桥模型 Cambridgemodel, Cam-model邓肯-张模型 Duncan-changmodel本构方程 constitutiveequation局部剪切破坏 localshear failure整体剪切破坏 generalshear failure岩体完整性指数intactnessindex of rock mass安全系数 factorof safety埋深 embedment depth试件 coupons挠度 deflection里氏震级 Richterscale设计烈度 designintensity基本烈度 basicintensity场地烈度 siteintensity地震烈度 seismicintensity, intensity scale卓越周期 predominantperiod持力层 sustained yield超载 surcharge围岩压力 surroundingrock stress附加压力 superimposedstress应力松弛 stressrelaxation应力路迳 stresspath卸荷 unload渗透率 specific permeability饱和度 degree of saturation含水量 moisture content平均粒径 meandiameter颗粒 grain, granule, particle颗粒级配 distributionof grain-size,grain composition,size distribution级配 graduation,grain-sizedistribution, gradation, grading 粒度 coarseness grainsize,granularity, lump 不均匀系数 coefficientof non-uniformity, variationcoefficient, variation factor颗粒分级 gradation,size grading孔隙水 pore water孔隙比 void ratio (ration)空隙率 air voids孔隙率 porosity裂隙率 crackity溶隙率 karstity密度 density重度 unit weight, bulk weight浮重度 buoyant unit weight折减系数 reductionfactor压力消散 dissipationof pressure抗力系数 coefficientof resistance软化系数 softeningcoefficient含水量 water content稠度 consistency塑限 plastic limit液限 liquid limit塑性指数 plasticityindex液性指数 liquidityindex流变 rheological蠕变 creep塑性 plastic脆性 brittleness(fragility)粘性 stickness刚性 rigidity弹性的 elastic粘弹性 viso-elasticity弹塑性 elasto-plasticity压缩性 compressibility均质性 homogeneity非均质性 nonhomogeneity(heterogeneity) 各向同性 isotropy各向异性 anisotropy总应力 total stress有效应力 effectivestress超孔隙水压力 excesspore pressure孔隙水压力 porewater pressure抗压强度 compressivestrength抗拉强度 tensilestrength抗剪强度 shearstrength不排水抗剪强度undrainedshear strenght 峰值抗剪强度 peakshare strength长期抗剪强度 long-termshear strength残余抗剪强度 residualshear strength负摩擦力 negativeskin friction, dragdown 摩擦角 angle of friction内摩擦角 angleof internal friction外摩擦角 angleof external friction内聚力 cohesion粘聚力 cohesion假凝聚力 pseudo-cohesion粘着力 adhesion摩尔圆Mohr’s circle包络线 envelope休止角 angle of repose,angle offriction(repose, rest), repose angle 峰值 peak模量 modulus弹性模量 modulusof elasticity，Young’s modulus,elastic modulus压缩模量 modulusof compressibility变形模量 modulusof deformation卸荷模量 unloadingmodulus切线模量 tangentmodulus剪切模量 shearmodulus割线模量 secantmodulus旁压模量 pressurmetermodulus泊松比poisson’s ration固结 consolidation固结系数 coefficientof consolidation固结度 degree of consolidation超固结比 overconsolidation ration应变 strain压缩比 compressibility ratio压缩系数 coefficientof compressibility压缩指数 compressionindex初始曲线 virgincurve正常固结土 normallyconsolidated soil欠固结土 under-consolidatedsoil超固结土 over-consolidatedsoil被动土压力 passiveearth pressure主动土压力 activeearth pressure静止土压力 earthpressure at rest覆盖压力 overburdenpressure初始应力 initialstress地应力场 ground(geostatic)stress field 有效应力 effectivestress动应力 dynamic stress动荷载 dynamic load偏心荷载 eccentricloads循环荷载 inclinedloads地应力 ground stress, geostaticstress初始应力 initialstress应力场 stress field纵波 longitudinal wave液化势 liquefaction potential液化指数 liquefactionindex交角 angular岩石抗力系数 coefficientof rockresistance 容许承载力 allowablebearing capacity临塑压力 criticalpressure接触压力 contactpressure6工程地质问题工程地质问题 engineeringgeological problem 定性评价 qualitativeestimate定量评价 quantitativeestimate极限平衡法 limitequilibrium method不良地质现象 unfavorablegeologicalcondition 风化 weathering变形 deformation位移 displacement不均匀位移 differentialmovement相对位移 relativedisplacement沉陷 settlement山崩 avalanche, toppling崩塌 toppling, toppling collapse滑坡、地滑 creep,slide切层滑坡 insequentlandslide深层滑坡 deepslide浅层滑坡 shallowslide顺层滑坡 consequentlandslide滑动面sliding surface,sliding plane, slip surface滑动带 sliding zone滑床 slide bed滑坡体 slide(sliding) mass古滑坡 fossil landslide推移式滑坡 slumpingslide牵引式滑坡 retrogressiveslide管涌 piping, internalerosion渗漏 leakage流砂 quicksand渗流 seepage液化 liquefaction7工程勘察 engineering investigation工程地质勘察 engineeringgeologyinvestigation 岩土工程勘察 geotechnicalinvestigation工程地质条件 engineeringgeologicalcondition 工程地质评价 engineeringgeologicalevaluation 勘测 survey岩芯采取率 corerecovery, core extraction岩芯获得率RQD（岩石质量指标） rock quality designation 程序（步骤） procedure勘察阶段 investigationalstage选点踏勘 reconnaissance初步设计 primarydesign初步规划 preliminaryscheme初步勘探 preliminaryprospecting初步踏勘 groundreconnaissance可行性研究阶段 feasibilitystage初步设计阶段 preliminarystage施工阶段 constructionsage踏勘 reconnaissance, inspection地质测绘 geologicalsurvey工程地质测绘 engineeringgeologicalmapping 钻探 borehole operation, boring物探 geophysical exploration洞探 exploratory adits钎探 rod sounding坑探 exploring mining槽探 trenching天然建材调查natural materialssurveying (examination)岩土工程勘察报告 geotechnicalinvestigationreport 鉴定 identification, appraisal鉴定书 expertise report鉴定人 identifier, surveyor校核 verification总监 chief inspector比例 proportion地形图 geographic map地貌图 geomorphological map地质图 geological map工程地质图 engineeringgeological map实测地质剖面图field-acquiredgeological profile(section)构造地质图 geologicalstructure map第四纪地质图 quarternarygeological map地质详图 detailmap of geology地质柱状图 geologiccolumnar section, geologic log 钻孔柱状图 logsof bore hole纵剖面图 longitudinal section横剖面图 crosssection展示图 reveal detail map节理玫瑰图 roseof joints基岩等高线 bedrock contour层底等高线 contourof stratum bottom岩层界线 strataboundary岩面高程 elevationof bed rock surface坐标 coordinate分层 bed separation地质点 geological observationpoint勘探点 exploratory point (spot)勘探线 exploratory line勘探孔 exploration hole平洞 adit竖井 riser, shaft, verticalshaft探槽 exploratory trench探井 exploratory pit钻孔 borehole, drill hole机钻孔 ordinary drill hole套钻孔 sleeve drill hole管钻孔 pipe drill hole岩芯 core岩芯钻探 coredrilling回转钻探（进）rotarydrilling冲击钻探 churndrilling, percussiondrilling 钢砂钻探 shot drilling铁砂钻进 ironshot drilling跟管钻进 follow-downdrilling振动钻进 vibro-boring,vibro-drilling泥浆钻探 mudflush drilling金刚石钻进 diamonddrilling单动式 single acting双层 double layer空气钻探 airflush drilling钻机 drilling rig钻头 drill bit, drilling bit螺旋钻头 auger勺钻 spoon bit冲击钻头 percussionbit, chopping bit桶式钻头 bucketauger钻杆 drill rod套管 casing岩芯管 core barrel冲洗掖 flush fluid正循环冲洗 directcirculation反循环冲洗 reversecirculation泥浆 mud, slurry泥皮 mud cake护壁 dado止水 seal, water seal扫孔 cleaning bottom of hole钻进 drilling平硐 adit竖井 shaft钻探 drilling boring8工程地质试验击实试验 compactiontest压缩试验 compressiontest固结试验 consolidationtest单轴试验 uniaxialcompression test现场剪切试验 in-situshear test单剪试验 simpleshear test直剪试验 directshear test慢剪试验 slowtest单剪试验 simpleshear test快剪试验 quicktest三轴剪切试验 triaxialshear test三轴压缩试验 triaxialcompression test 动三轴试验 dynamictriaxial test不固结不排水剪试验unconsolidated undrained test(quick test)固结不排水剪试验consolidated undrained test(consolidated quicktest) 固结排水试验 consolidateddrained test(slowtest)原位测试 in-situtest现场监测 on-site(in-site)monitoring现场检测 on-site(in-site) inspection观测孔 observation borehole静力触探试验 conepenetration test,static penetration test, static cone test标贯试验 standardpenetration test十字板剪切试验 vaneshear test, vane test检层法 up-hole method, boreholemethod旁压试验 pressuremetertest动力触探试验dynamicpenetration test, dynamic sounding点荷载试验 pointload test岩石试验 rocktest应力解除法 stressrelief method应力恢复法 stressrecovery method套孔法 over-coring method9岩土体加固掌子面 breast, driving face,heading face,tunnel face顶拱 vault底拱 invert洞室开挖 excavation超挖 overbreak风钻 pneumatic drill开挖断面excavatedsection塌落 slump细骨料混凝土 concretemade with fineaggregate细骨料 fine aggregate, fineadjustment料场 stock ground土料 earth material矿渣 cinder, mineral waterresidue, scoria, slag性能 function, performance,property, nature凝结 coagulate, congeal,congealment, coagulation 合格 qualified, on test, uptostandard初凝 initial set初凝时间 initialsettingtime终凝 final set配合比 mix proportion塌落度 slump水化热 heat of hydration,hydration heat,setting heat水灰比 water-cement ratio粉煤灰 fly ash梅花状 quincuncial pattern喷射 shotcrete浇注 pouring钢筋网 coiremesh加固 reinforce锚杆 anchored bar, rock bolt锚索 anchored cable锚紧端 anchor station锚桩 anchored peg采石场 rock quarry开挖 excavation清基 cleanup foundation明挖 open-cut爆破 explosion光面爆破 smoothblasting预裂法 presplitting10 水工概论坝址 toe of dam坝踵 heel坝段 monolith坝顶 crest坝肩 shoulders左坝肩 left dam abutment副坝 saddle dam三坝址 the third dam site标高 height mark上游水位 headwater正常库水位 normalreservoir level地下洞室 undergroundopening (tunnel) 压力隧洞 pressuretunnel无压隧洞 gravitytunnel交通洞 access tunnel灌浆洞 grouting tunnel明流洞 free-flow tunnel孔板洞 orifice tunnel排砂洞 sediment tunnel尾水洞 tailrace tunnel排水洞 drainage tunnel导流洞 diversion tunnel隧道 tunnel围岩 surrounding rock, ambientrock围岩应力 secondarystress static应力集中 stressconcentrate覆盖层 over burden冒顶 cave in, roof fall底鼓 bottom heave回弹 rebound岩爆 rock burst冻结法 freezing method超载 over break衬砌 lining围堰 cofferdam堤 dike近坝岸坡 abutments施工（收缩）缝 constructionjoint心墙 core截水墙 cutoff wall防渗墙 diaphragm wall排水井 drainage wells排水幕 drainage curtain减压井 relief wells反滤层 filter zone灌浆材料 grout水力劈裂 hydraulicfracturing帷幔线 curtain line上游围堰 upstreamcofferdam混凝土防渗墙 concretecutoff wall截流 interim completion导水墙 channel training wall正常溢洪道渠首工程 servicespillway headwork 消力塘 lined plunge pool隔墙 divider walls混凝土护坦 concreteapron副厂房 auxiliary power house闸门室 gate chamber中闸室 mid gate chamber开关站 switch yard电梯井 elevator shaft尾水渠 tail race非常溢洪道 emergencyspillway11桥梁及基础工程江阴大桥 JiangyinBridge悬索桥 suspension bridge锚碇 anchorage重力式嵌岩锚 gravitysocketed anchorage 北锚碇前（后）锚面front(back) surface of northern anchorage 塔墩 tower墩 pier散索鞍 splay saddle猫道 footbridge主缆 main cable索股 cable strand主鞍 main saddle, tower saddle主跨 main span边跨 side span引桥 approach钢箱梁 steel box main girder埋深 embedment depth北塔墩基础 northtower base基础 foundation, footing浅基础 shallowfoundation深基础 deepfoundation联合基础 combinedfooting筏形基础 raft(mat)foundation钢模 steel form桩 pile基桩 foundationpile群桩 pile groups桩基础 pile foundation桩承台 pile cap高桩承台 high-risepile cap低桩承台 buriedpile cap摩擦桩 friction pile端承桩 end bearing pile嵌岩桩 socketed pile板桩 sheet pile旋喷桩 jet-grouted pile灌注桩 cast-in-place pile沉管灌注桩 drivencast-in-place pile 支护桩 soldier piles, tangentpiles刚性桩 rigid pile柔性桩 flexible pile侧向受荷桩 laterallyloaded pile轴向受荷桩 axiallyloaded pile预制桩 precastconcrete pile振动打桩 vibratorypile driving振动钻进 vibratorydrilling沉箱 caisson沉井（沉箱） (open)caisson地下连续墙 diaphragmwall, slurry wall 支撑 bracing超载 surcharge接触应力 contactpressure井点降水 well-pointdewatering桩极限承载力 ultimatebearing capacity ofpile 承载力 bearing capacity阻力 resistance桩端阻力 endresistance表面摩擦力 skinfriction粘着系数 adhesionfactor负摩擦力 negativeskin friction安全系数 factorof safety压缩层 compressed layer附加应力 additionalstress, superimposed stress 持力层 bearing layer, sustaininglayer地基土 foundation soil, subsoil临塑压力 criticalpressure剪切破坏 shearfailure地基失效 foundationfailure冲剪破坏 punchingfailure渐进破坏 progressivefailure容许荷载 allowableload极限承载力 ultimatebearing capacity沉降 settlement沉降差 differential settlement尾部倾斜 angulardistortion倾斜 tilting坑底隆起 bottomheave静止土压力 earthpressure at rest稳定数 stability number路堤 embankment地基处理 groundtreatment soil improvement 垫层 cushion加固 stabilization注浆 injection灌浆 guniting帷幕 curtain挡土墙 retaining wall锚固 anchoring喷浆 guniting锚杆 earth anchor盲沟 French drain振冲法 vibro jet12监测仪器观测孔 observation bore/hole仪器观测 instrumentation读数装置 readoutdevice传感器 transducer探头 probe压力盒 pressure cell振弦式应变计 vibratingwire strain gauge伸长计、变位计 extensionmeter板式沉降仪 foundationbase/pate测斜仪 inclinometer测压计，渗压计 piezometer垂线 plumb垂直度 plumbness13安全监控可靠性检查 reliabilitychecking监控模型 monitoringand prediction model 监测 monitoring资料 datum, data可靠性 reliability稳定性 stability安全 safety评估 evaluation, appraise评定 assessment, assess, rate评价准则 criterion灾害 hazard, calamity确定性方法论 Deterministicmethodology 应急行动计划 EAP(emergencyaction plan) 事故 accident紧急状态 emergency紧急检查 emergencyinspection灾情等级 hazardclassification灾害评价 hazardevaluation风险评估 riskassessment。
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秋风清，秋月明，落叶聚还散，寒鸦栖复惊。
水文地质术语Hydrogeologic terminology1993-02-12 发布1993-11-01 实施国家技术监督局发布目次1主题内容与适川范围 2 2引用标准 2 3水文地质学原理 2 4 地卞水动力学 95 水文地球化学 216 水文地质勘查方法 287 地下水资源评价及开发利用37 8 矿床水文地质49 9 环境水文地质54 10 矿水及地下热水 58 11土壤改良水文地质 60中华人民共和国国家标准 GB/T 14157—93水文地质术语Hydrogeologic terminology1主题内容与适用范围本标准包括水文地质学原理、地下水动力学、水文地球化学、水文地质勘查方法、地下水资 源评价及开发利用、矿床水文地质、环境水文地质、矿水及地下热水、土壤改良水文地质常 用的术语。
UDC 556 中华人民共和国国家标准 GBD 10 GB/T 14157—93木标准适用于水文地质的勘杳、设计、成果报告、规程规范、管理、科研、教学及国际交流等方面。
2引用标准GB 9151钻探工程名词术语GB12329岩溶地质术语3水文地质学原理3.1水文地质学科分类3.1. 1 水文地质学hydrogeology研究地下水的形成和分布、物理及化学性质、运动规律、开发利用和保护的科学。
3.1. 2水文地质学原理(普通水文地质学)principles of hydrogeology (general hydrogeology)研究水文地质学的基础理论和基木概念的学科。
3.1. 3 地卜水动力学groundwater dynamics研究地下水在岩土中运动规律的学科。
3.1. 4 水文地球化学hydrogeochemistry研究地下水化学成分的形成和变化规律以及地下水地球化学作用的学科。
3.1. 5 专门水文地质学applied hydrogeology为各种应用而进行的地下水调查、勘探、评价及开发利用的学科。
3.1. 5. 1 供水水文地质学water supply hydrogeology为各种目的供水，研究地下水的形成条件、赋存规律、勘查方法、水质、水量评价以及合理开发利用和管理的学科。
3.1. 5. 2 矿床水文地质学mine hydrogeology研究矿床水文地质学理论、勘探方法及开采中冇关水文地质问题的学科。
3.1. 5. 3 土壤改良水文地质学reclamation hydrogeology研究土壤盐渍化及沼泽化等水文地质问题的学科。
3.1. 5. 4 环境水文地质学environmental hydrogeology研究白然环境中地下水与环境及人类活动的相互关系及其作用结果，并对地下水与环境进行保护、控制和改造的学科。
3.1. 5. 5 同位索水文地质学isotopic hydrogeology应用同位素方法解决水文地质问题的学科。
3.1. 6 区域水文地质学regional hydrogeology研究地下水埋藏、分布、形成条件及含水层的区域性规律的学科。
3.1. 7 古水文地质学paleohydrogeology研究地质历史时期中地卜•水的形成、分布和演变的学科。
3.2自然界的水循环3.2. 1 水循环water cycle地球上各种形式的水体相互转换的循环过程。
3.2.2大气圈aerosphere包围地球表壳的气层。
3.2.3水圈hydrosphere连续包围地球表层的水体和地壳岩石屮的水的总称。
3.2.4岩石圈lithosphere地球第一个软流层以上的部分。
3.2.4. 1 包气带aeration zone地表面与地下水面之间与大气相通的，含有气体的地带。
3.2.4. 2 毛细带capi 1 lary zone由于岩层毛细管力的作用，在潜水面以上形成的一个与饱水带有直接水力联系的接近饱和的地带。
3.3.2 2.4. 3 饱水带saturated zone地下水面以下，岩层的空隙全部（或几乎全部）被水充满的地帯。
3.2.4. 4 地下水动力垂直分带dynamical vertical zoning of groundwater在岩石圈的垂直剖面上，地卜•水交替循环强度的分带。
口上而下可分为积极水交替带、缓慢水交替带和水交替停滞带。
3.2. 5 大气降水atmospheric precipitation从大气中呈液态或固态降落的水。
3.2. 6 地表水surface water地球表面的各种形式犬然水的总称。
3.2. 7 土壤水soil water包气带表层土壤层屮的各种形式的水。
3.地下水groundwater埋藏于地表以下的各种形式的重力水。
3.3岩石空隙类型及表示方法3. 1 空隙void岩石屮孔隙、（洞）和裂隙的总称。
3.孔隙pore-般指松散岩土颗粒间的空间。
4.裂隙fissure岩石屮（-•般指结晶岩、石灰岩）各种成因的裂缝。
3.3. 4 孑杠同pore space一燉指玄武岩成岩过程中原生和次生的，直径较大的空间。
3.4.4 3. 5 溶洞cave cavern岩溶作用所形成的空洞的通称。
3.3. 6 孔隙度（孑L隙率）porosity （Pore rate）土和岩石中所有孔隙体积与土和岩石总体积之比。
3.3. 7 冇效孔隙度effective porosity相互连通的孔隙体积与土或岩石总体积之比。
3.3. 8 孔隙比pore ratio土和岩石的孔隙体积与土或岩石骨架的体积Z比。
3.3. 9 裂隙率fissure ratio一定体积或面积、宽度的裂隙岩层，裂隙体积或面积、宽度与所测岩层总体积或面积、宽度Z比，分別称为体积裂隙率、面裂隙率和线裂隙率。
3.4地下水存在形态3.4. 1 结合水bound water被岩土颗粒的分子引力和静电引力吸附在颗粒表而的水。
3.4.2强结合水（吸着水）strongly bound water （adsorptive water）紧附于岩土颗粒表面结合最牢固的一层水。
其所受吸引力可相当于一万个大气压。
3.4. 3 弱结合水（薄膜水）weakly bound water （film water）结合水的外层，由于分子力而粘附在岩土颗粒上的水。
在饱水带屮，能传递静水压力，静水压力大于结合水的抗剪强度时能够运移。
3.重力水gravity water岩土屮在重力作用下能自由运动的地下水。
3.4. 5 结构水（化合水）constitutional water （chemi cal water）化学结合水。
以H z fllOH-离子的形式存在于矿物结晶格架某一位置上的水。
3.4. 6 结品水crystal lization water结晶构造中的水，以H20分子形式存在于矿物结晶格架固定位置上的水。
3.4. 7 毛细水capillary water由于毛细管力作用，保持在岩层空隙中的地下水。
3.5地下水成因类型3.5. 1 渗入水infi ltration water大气降水和地表水通过土层和岩石的空隙渗入地卜形成的地F水。
3.5. 2 凝结水condensation water一般指水气在浅部岩层空隙屮凝结而形成的地下水。
3.6.4 5. 3 沉积水（埋藏水）connate water （buried water）在沉积过程中保存在成岩沉积物空隙中的水。
3.5. 4 原牛.水（初牛.水）juvenile water （native water）来口地球内部，在岩浆冷却等地质作用下形成的地下水。
3.5. 5 人陆盐化潜水continental salinized phreatic water气候干旱地区因蒸发强烈，所形成的盐分聚集的潜水。
3.5. 6 溶滤水lixiviation water在降雨渗入过程中淋滤土壤和岩石中的盐分,形成与土壤成壤作用和岩石风化作川相适应的地下水。
3.6岩石的水理性质3.6.8 6. 1 容水度（饱和含水率）water capacity岩石中所能容纳的最人的水体积与岩石体积之比，以小数或百分数表示。
3.6. 2 持水度water—holding capacity饱水岩石在重力释水后仍能保持的水的体积与岩石体积之比。
3.7.2 6. 3 给水度specific yield饱水岩石在重力等作用下释出水的体积与岩石体积Z比。
3.12.4透水性permeability岩石允许重力水透过的能力，其定量指标是渗透系数。
4.9.3 6. 5 富水性water yield property以一定降深、一定口径下的单井出水量来表征的含水层富水程度。
4.12.4 6. 6 饱和度degree of saturation岩石孔隙中水的体积与孔隙体积Z比，以百分数表示。
反映岩石中孔隙的充水程度。
4.14.2 6. 7 饱和差（土壤饱和差）saturation deficit （soi 1 moi sture deficiency）土层或岩层的容水度与犬然湿度之差。
数值上在粗颗粒及宽裂隙岩石屮接近于土或岩石的给水度。
4.14.4毛细性capillanity水通过岩土的毛细管，受毛细作用向各方向运动的性能。
4.6. 9 毛细上升高度height of capillary rise 水从地卜水面沿岩层毛细管上升的最大高度。
3.7含水层的类型3.7. 1 含水层aquifer能导水的饱水岩层。
5.1.8隔水层aquifuge一燉指透水性极弱的岩层。
3. 7. 3 弱含水层aquitard弱导水的饱水岩层。
3. 7. 4 透水层permeable bed透水而不饱水的岩层。
3. 7. 5 孔隙含水层porous aquifer以孔隙为储水空间的含水层。
3. 7. 6 裂隙含水层fissured aquifer以裂隙为储水空间的含水层。
3. 7. 7 岩溶含水层karst aquifer含地下水的岩溶化岩层。
3. 7. 8 孔隙一裂隙含水层pore—fissure aquifer具有孔隙和裂隙的岩石所构成的含水层。
3. 7. 9 裂隙一岩溶含水层fissure—karst aquifer具有溶蚀裂隙和溶融孔洞的可溶性岩层所构成的含水层。
3. 7. 10 孔洞含水层pore space aquifer主要以玄武岩孔洞为储水空间的含水层。
3. 7. 11 承压含水层confined aquifer具冇承压水的含水层，其上界和下界是不透水层或弱透水层。
3. 7. 12 无压含水层unconfined aquifer具有自由水而的含水层。
3. 7. 13 含水带water一bearing zone岩石屮由于构造断裂、岩脉或不同岩性接触带等富水而形成的带状含水岩体。