顺丰优选生鲜冷链物流库存优化分析

摘要

随着我国经济的快速发展，我国国民生活质量和水平都得到了有效的提高，对于衣食住行的要求也随之提高，特别是“食”，由于现在地沟油、过量化肥等造成的一些食品卫生健康安全问题，人们对于吃的东西投放的关注度越来越高，对于吃的要求也越来越高。近几年，冷链物流的出现解决了部分食品安全问题，能够有效的延长食品的保质期，并且能够给生鲜产品提供很好的储藏空间。但是冷链物流对我国来说还是处于探索发展完善阶段，冷链物流的相关理论知识和科学技术并不是十分成熟，依旧需要不断的探索发现和学习。不仅如此，由于冷链物流的热度高涨，许多企业都开始踏入了冷链物流这一行业，能够促进冷流物流产业的欣欣向荣。但是行业发展的越大，就越是存在许多的问题，尤其是在我国不成熟的冷链物流环境下，所以，冷链物流的发展完善是重中之重。

随着人们对食品需求的不断增加，农产品在消费市场上的流通量越来越大。目前我国有80% 的农产品采用常温物流，粮食在流通存储环节的损失率占其总产量的12% —15% 、果蔬损失率达25% —32% 、鸡蛋腐蚀率达5% 、肉干等变质率达3% ，农产品货损导致的直接经济损失达750 亿元。为了降低农产品的成本损耗，不少企业对变质食品重新加工，继续流向消费者市场，导致不少消费者在食用后出现中毒症状。消费者对农产品企业的信任度持续下降，对食品安全可靠度的呼声日益强烈，因此将安全可靠度引入到冷链物流库存管理中具有重要意义。目前国内外学者对冷链物流库存管理进行了较深入的研究。Net M 在冷链库存过程中不同温度对食品的影响进行了研究; Yogesh Gupta 研究了季节性需求的易腐品库存订货策略，针对实际情况分别讨论了最终订货的经济批量; Mari ja Bogataj 等研究了冷链物流中易腐产品的稳定性，主要研究在低温库存环境下易腐食品的腐败轨迹。国内也对冷链物流库存管理进行了一定的研究。张曙红、彭代武和冷凯君通过对湖北省中百集团等大型零售企业的调研，提出了基于农产品质量安全的冷链物流供应商管理库存模式( VMI); 张歆祺

、何静认为，优化库存成本是优化冷链物流成本的重中之重，并提出相应的优化方法;

许彤、蒋明霞依据冷链物流库存管理的现实情况，以进出货动态为参照，分别构建了进出货速率固定和随机的两种进出货库存模型，并与传统EOQ 模型进行了比较分析。但这些研究没有在安全可靠度的基础上分析冷链物流的库存策略。本文将安全可靠度引入冷链物流库存管理中，在此基础上提出相应的优化策略，有效提高库存运作效率，充分保证安全可靠度。

库存管理是冷链物流中极其重要的一个部分，如果库存管理不到位，那么将会影响整个冷链物流的发展，甚至还会对顾客造成无法挽回的损失。本文主要要求顺丰优选生鲜冷链物流的库存优化，致力于找出冷链物流中库存存在的问题并提出建议和解决方法，希望能够为冷链物流的发展出一份力。

关键词：冷链库存食品安全

Abstract

With the rapid development of our economy, our national life quality and level are improved, the requirements for basic necessities of life are also increased, especially the "food", because some food hygiene health and safety issues now, drainage oil caused by excessive fertilizer, people to eat more and put attention to eat more high, are increasingly high requirements. In recent years, the emergence of cold chain logistics has solved some food safety problems, effectively extended the shelf life of food, and provided a good storage space for fresh products. But cold chain logistics is still at the stage of exploration and development in China. Cold chain logistics theory and technology are not very mature, and still need continuous exploration, discovery and learning. Moreover, because of the high fever of cold chain logistics, many enterprises are stepping into the cold chain logistics industry, which can promote the prosperity of the cold logistics industry. But the bigger the industry is, the more there are many problems, especially in the immature cold chain logistics environment. Therefore, the development and perfection of cold chain logistics is the top priority.

With the increasing demand for food, the circulation of agricultural products in the consumer market is becoming more and more large. At present, China has 80% of the agricultural products logistics in the circulation by ambient temperature, grain storage link loss rate accounted for 12% - 15%, the total loss of fruits and vegetables yield rate of 25% - 32%, egg corrosion rate was 5%, and the deterioration rate reached 3% jerky, causing direct economic losses and damage of agricultural products amounted to 75 billion yuan. In order to reduce the cost loss of agricultural products, many enterprises re processed the deteriorated food and continued to flow to the consumer market, resulting in many consumers' symptoms of poisoning after eating. Consumers' trust in agricultural products continues to decline, and the voice of food safety and reliability is increasingly strong. Therefore, it is very important to introduce safety and reliability into cold chain logistics inventory management. At present, the