2003年考研英语真题及答案

2003年考研英语真题及答案【篇一：2003年考研英语完形填空真题解析】
lass=txt>teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes
2. that young adults experience.
3. and they also need to
4. give serious 21 thought to
5. how they can be best 22 accommodate such changes.
6. growing bodies need movement and 23exercise ,
7. but not just in ways that emphasize competition. 但是不能只注重比赛
8. 24 because they are adjusting to their new bodies
9. and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, 一大堆
10. teenagers are especially self-conscious
11. and need the 25 confidence
12. that comes from achieving success
13. and knowing that their accomplishments
14. are 26 admired by others.
15. however, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition
16. that it would be 27 to plan activities
17. in which there are more winners than losers, 因此安排一些赢者多，输者少的活动是很明智的
18. 28 for example ,
19. publishing newsletters出版时事通讯刊印业务通讯
20. with many student-written book reviews,
21. 29 displaying student artwork, and
22. sponsoring book discussion clubs. 赞助
23. a variety of small clubs
24. can provide 30 multiple opportunities for leadership, 为培养领导才能提供多
种机会
25. multiple多种的，倍数，
26. leadership 领导能力，领导层
27. as well as for practice in successful 31 group dynamics. 为成功的群体动力提供
练习
28. dynamics 力学，动力学
29. making friends is extremely important to teenagers,
30. and many shy students
31. need the 32 security of some kind of organization 需要加入某个组织以获得安
全感
32. with a supportive adult 33 barely visible in the background
a) 需要有一位成人在只有后台看到见的地方提供
支持
in these activities,
33. it is important to remember that the young teens
34. have 34 short attention spans. 注意力持续时间很短
35. a variety of activities should be organized
36. 35 so that participants can remain active as long as they want 这样参加活动的人就能想活动多久就活动多久
37. and then go on to 36something else然后就可以做一些其它的事情
38. without feeling guilty
39. and without letting the other participants 37 down . 也不会让其它参与者失望
40. this does not mean that 这并不是说 41. adults must accept irresponsibility.大人必须接受不负责任的
做法
42. 38 on the contrary
43. they can help students acquire a sense of commitment 获得一种责任感
44. by 39planning for roles
45. that are within their 40 capability他们力所能及
46. and their attention spans 又在他们注意力时间范
围
47. and by having clearly stated rules.通过制定清楚的活动规则 teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes that young adults experience. and they also need to give serious 21 to how they can be best 22 such
changes. growing bodies need movement and 23 , but not just in ways that emphasize competition. 24 they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially self-conscious and need the 25 that comes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments are 26 by others. however, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be 27 to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers, 28 , publishing newsletters with many student-written book reviews, 29 student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs. a variety of small clubs can provide 30 opportunities for leadership, as well as for practice in successful 31 dynamics. making friends is extremely important to teenagers, and many shy students need the 32 of some kind of organization with a supportive adult 33 visible in the background.
in these activities, it is important to remember that the young teens have 34 attention spans.
a variety of activities should be organized 35 participants can remain active as long as they want
and then go on to 36 else without feeling guilty and without letting the other participants 37 . this does not mean that
adults must accept irresponsibility. 38 they can help students acquire a sense of commitment by 39 for roles that are within their 40 and their attention spans and by having clearly stated rules.
21.[a] thought[b]idea[c] opinion[d] advice
22.[a] strengthen[b] accommodate[c] stimulate[d] enhance
23.[a] care[b] nutrition[c] exercise[d] leisure
24.[a] if[b] although[c] whereas[d] because
25.[a] assistance[b] guidance[c] confidence[d] tolerance
26.[a] claimed[b] admired[c] ignored[d] surpassed
27.[a] improper[b] risky[c] fair[d] wise
28.[a] in effect[b] as a result[c] for example[d] in a sense
29.[a] displaying[b] describing[c] creating[d] exchanging
30.[a] durable[b] excessive[c] surplus[d] multiple
31.[a] group[b] individual[c] personnel[d] corporation
32.[a] consent[b] insurance[c] admission[d] security
33.[a] particularly[b] barely[c] definitely[d] rarely
34.[a] similar[b] long[c] different[d] short
35.[a] if only[b] now that[c] so that[d] even if
36.[a] everything[b] anything[c] nothing[d] something
37.[a] off[b] down[c] out[d] alone
38.[a] on the contrary[c] on the whole[b] on the average[d] on the other hand
39.[a] making[b] standing[c] planning[d] taking
40.[a] capability[b] responsibility[c] proficiency[d] efficiency
文章背景
这是一篇讲述关于如何帮助青少年适应变化的社科类议论文。

主要
介绍了老师需要了解青少年经历的情感、智力和身体上的变化。

他
们还需要认真思考他们如何才能够最好地适应这些变化。

成长中的
身体需要运动和锻炼，但并不只是通过强调竞争的方法来锻炼。

因
为他们正在适应他们身体的新变化和许多新的智力和情感挑战，青
少年特别敏感，他们需要信心，这种信心来自于取得成功并知道别
人羡慕他们的成就。

答案详解
21. 【解析】[a] 语义辨析/ 固定搭配题。

第二句中的and说明该句
是对上句的补充，be aware of 意识到，想到与a项thought思考，思想意思一致，而与b项idea 主意，观点，想法，c项opinion意
见和d项advice 建议不相照应; 四个词都可以和give连用，但是idea 和opinion是可数名词，前面需要不定冠词an, 而give an
idea to和give an opinion to的对象都应是人。

d干扰性最大，容
易选错，但是give advice to 的对象也应该是人，而要想与后面的how从句衔接则必须使用介词on,故不正确。

22.【解析】[b] 语义辨析题。

根据原文的含义，教师应该关注的是
如何能够使他们(young adults)很好地适应这些变化。

此题的难点在于对accommodate一词词义的理解，可能很多考生只了解它的第
一个意思提供住宿，而不熟悉另外两个重要的意思是使满意;使适应。

此题的选择还有一个重要的线索，就是紧接着下文中的adjust to(适应)，二者语义相近。

23.【解析】[c] 语义辨析题。

本题目选择名词，在句子中充当宾语。

growing bodies need movement and, but not just in ways that emphasize competition. 并列连词and确定空格处的词汇与movement相似或者属于同类事物;转折词but not指示方向，but not just in ways that emphasize competition.确定要选择的名词
是一种运动竞技项目。

不难发现，四个选项中只有
c. exercise 表示练习，锻炼，是一种竞技运动。

因此，正确答案是
b. exercise 练习。

24.【解析】[d] 逻辑关系题。

they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially self?conscious and … 从句they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges,… 青少年正在适应新的身体状况、心智和情感方面的诸多挑战;主句teenagers are especially self?conscious… 他们的自我意识强……。

不难发现，两个句子是因果关系。

因此，正确答案为d. because。

句子becauce they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially self?conscious and …因为青少年正在适应新的身体状况、心智和情感方面的诸多挑战,所以他们的自我意识强并且……。

25.【解析】[c] 语义衔接题。

本题目选择名词，后面的定语从句提供信息选择答案。

顺着上一题的线索：句子叙述到because they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially self?conscious and need thethat comes from achieving success and knowing。

并列连词and确定供选的词汇与
self?conscious并列，表示一种性格特征;定语从句that comes from achieving success 取得成功所需要的……，限定该词汇的性质。

他们所需要的是来自于取得成功被别人钦佩的信心。

因此，正确答案为c。

26.【解析】[b] 语义衔接题。

本题目选择动词的过去分词形式，在句子中构成被动语态，充当谓语动词。

句子叙述到because they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially self?conscious and need the confidence that comes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments areby others.因为他们正在调整自己以适应身体的变化和许多新的智力上和情感上的挑战，所以他们自我意识很强并且需要信心，这种信心来自于他们所取得的成功以及他们的成就被别
人……。

句子中的主语提供信息决定答案。

顺着上一题的线索，此处关键在于accomplishments和什么动词搭配。

从上文已经推定此处动词的意思应为钦佩，崇拜，所以选b.admired.
以选d.wise。

28.【解析】[c] 逻辑关系题。

本题目选择逻辑关系词，体现前后的
逻辑关系。

句子叙述到however, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be wise to plan activities in which there are more winners than
losers,publishing newsletters with many student?written book
r eviews, ….空格后面列举了几个并列结构，不难发现该逻辑关系为
举例列举。

选项前后是例证关系，后面列举的行为均属于用来具体
说明前面的activities, 形成照应关系。

选项a. in effect 事实上;b.
as a result 结果是;c. for example 例如;d. in a sense 从某种意义
上说。

因此，正确答案为c. for example 例如。

然而，典型的青少
年生活方式已经充满了如此众多的竞争，以至于组织一些胜者多败
者少的活动是明智的，例如出版学生书写的读书笔记……。

29.【解析】[a] 逻辑关系/ 语义衔接题。

本题目选择动词的动名词形式，在句子中充当谓语动词。

句子叙述到 however, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be wise to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers, for example, publishing newsletters with many student?written book reviews,student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs. 解题时需看清句中平列的逻
辑关系，出版包括许多学生所作的书评的简报，(展示)学生创作的艺
术品，举办读书座谈俱乐部等。

不难发现，选项a. displaying 展示，展出，展出学生的艺术作品，符合语句含义，同时与出版学生书写
的读书笔记构成并列关系。

因此，正确答案为a。

30.【解析】[d] 词汇辨析题。

该题目选择形容词，在句子中充当定语。

句子叙述到a variety of small clubs can provideopportunities for leadership,… 各种各样的小型俱乐部能
够提供……的机会锻炼孩子们的领导力。

选择形容词，被修饰的名
词提供信息。

选项a. durable 耐用的;持久的;与opportunities不搭配;b. excessive 过度的;c. surplus 过剩的;都有过分之义，含有否
定的意思，与文意不符。

正确选项d.multiple多样的与句子主语中
的variety相照应。

31.【解析】[a] 逻辑关系/ 语义衔接题。

与上文相连，
opportunities后面两个for说明提供的是什么样的机会;由as well
as连接的介词短语与前一个for引导介词短语是并列关系，译为不
仅提供……机会而且提供……机会，前者leadership是个体能力，后者则是指在成功的集体活动中得到锻炼的机会，所以选a。

32.【解析】[d] 语义衔接题。

本题存在一个意思上的相应关系，即the of organization与the support of adult对应，可以判断d正确。

本题目选择名词，在句子中充当宾语。

句子叙述到making friends is extremely important to teenagers, and many shy students need theof some kind of organization… 交朋友对于年轻人极其重要，并且许多腼腆的学生需要……的某种组织给予的……，而且需要有一个成年人在幕后给予支持。

选项a. consent 内容，含量;满意，满足b. insurance 保险，安全保障;c. admission 承认，允许进入;d. security 安全，安全感。

33.【解析】[b] 语义衔接题。

with引导一个介词复合结构作定语，修饰organization，其中支持他们的成人只能在背后出现，这与b.barely仅仅，刚好的意思一致。

making
【篇二：2003年考研英语翻译真题解析】furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies.
句子分析：
第一、句子可以拆分为两段：furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, / thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies.
第二、句子的结构是：
1)这是个主句+分词短语表示伴随状态的结构：humans have the ability to modify... thus subjecting ...
2) the environment in which they live是先行词+定语从句。

第三、词的处理：
modify the environment in which they live 改变他们的生存环境 subjecting all other life forms to 让所有其它形态的生命服从……完整的译文：
61)而且，人类还有能力改变自己的生存环境，从而使所有其它形态的生命服从人类自己独特的想法和想像。

考点总结：1)不定式短语做定语；2)介词+定语从句；3)分词短语表示伴随状态。

62) social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.
句子分析：
第一、句子可以拆分为四段：social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry / which seeks to study humans and their endeavors / in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner / that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.第二、句子的主干结构是：
主句+ which引导的定语从句+方式状语(in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner)+定语从句。

第三、词的处理：
social science 社会科学
intellectual enquiry 知识探究
humans and their endeavors 人类及其行为
reasoned 理性的
orderly 有序的
systematic 系统的
dispassioned 冷静的
natural phenomena 自然现象
完整的译文：
62)社会科学是知识探索的一个分支，它力图像自然科学家研究自然现象那样，用理性的、有序的、系统的和冷静的方式研究人类及其行为。

考点总结：1)定语从句；2)方式状语；3)多重并列定语。

63) the emphasis on data gathered first-hand, combined with a cross-cultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.
句子分析：
第一、句子可以拆分为四段：the emphasis on data gathered first-hand, / combined with a cross?cultural perspective / brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, / makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.
第二、句子的结构是：
1)主干结构是一个简单句：the emphasis..., combined with..., makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.
2)主语后面带有on data gathered first-hand是主语的定语，combined with相当于and的意思，是对主语内容的补充，perspective可以理解成主语的并列成分，brought to the analysis of cultures past and present是perspective的定语。

其中past and present是cultures的定语。

第三、词的处理：
the emphasis翻译时词性转换成动词
data gathered first-hand搜集的第一手资料
combined with加上，(这个短语不影响主语的数的变化)
a cross-cultural perspective跨文化视角
this study这一研究
完整的译文：
63)强调搜集第一手资料，加上在分析过去和现在的文化形态时采用
跨文化视角，使这一研究成为一门独特并且非常重要的社会科学。

考点总结：1)带有多重修饰成分的简单句；2)过去分词短语做定语；
3)复合宾语结构4)词性转换。

64) tylor defined culture as ... that complex whole which includes belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.
句子分析：
第一、句子可以拆分为三段：tylor defined culture as ... that complex whole / which includes belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits / acquired by man as a member of society.第二、句子的结构是：
1)主干结构是：tylor defined culture as ...that complex whole...
其中whole是“整体”的意思。

后面是一个很长的定语从句，翻译时
可以和先行词拆开。

2)which引导的定语从句中有多重并列宾语，acquired by man as
a member of society是宾语的定语。

第三、词的处理：
tylor人名，按照音译
defined culture as 将文化定义为
that complex whole 一个复合体
belief 信仰
morals 道德
man as a member of society 人作为社会成员
完整的译文：
64)泰勒把文化定义为“一个复合体”，它包括人作为社会成员所获得的信仰、艺术、道德、法律、风俗以及其它能力和习惯。

考点总结：1)定语从句；2)过去分词短语做定语；3)多重并列宾语。

65) thus, the anthropological concept of culture, like the concept of set in mathematics, is an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding.
句子分析：
第一、句子可以拆分为四段：thus, the anthropological concept of culture, like the concept of set in mathematics, / is an abstract concept / which makes possible / immense amounts of concrete research and understanding.
第二、句子的结构是：
1)主干结构是：主语+插入语(like the concept of) +系表结构(is an abstract concept) + which引导的定语从句
2) immense amounts of concrete research and understanding 是动词makes的宾语，possible是状语前置。

第三、词的处理：
the anthropological concept of culture,人类学的“文化”概念
the concept of set in mathematics数学中“集”的概念
an abstract concept抽象概念
immense amounts of concrete research大量的具体研究
完整的译文：
65)因此，人类学中“文化”的概念就像数学中“集”的概念一样，是一个抽象概念。

它使大量的具体研究和认识成为可能。

考点总结：1)表示比较的插入语；2)定语从句；3)复合宾语；4)状语前置。

【篇三：考研英语阅读真题及详细解析2003】
loved the internet. the american spymaster who built the office of strategic services in the world war Ⅱ and later laid the roots for the cia was fascinated with information. donovan believed in using whatever tools came to hand in the great game of espionage — spying as a profession. these days the net, which
has already re-made such everyday pastimes as buying books and sending mail, is reshaping donovans vocation as well.
the latest revolution isnt simply a matter of gentlemen reading other gentlemens e-mail. that kind of electronic spying has been going on for decades. in the past three or four years, the world wide web has given birth to a whole industry of point-and-click spying. the spooks call it open-source intelligence, and as the net grows, it is becoming increasingly influential. in 1995 the cia held a contest to see who could compile the most data about burundi. the winner, by a large margin, was a tiny virginia company called open source solutions, whose clear advantage was its mastery of the electronic world.
straiford president george friedman says he sees the online world as a kind of mutually reinforcing tool for both information collection and distribution, a spymasters dream. last week his firm was busy vacuuming up data bits from the far corners of the world and predicting a crisis in ukraine. as soon as that report runs, well suddenly get 500 new internet sign-ups from ukraine, says friedman, a former political science professor. and well hear back from some of them. open-source spying does have its risks, of course, since it can be difficult to tell good information from bad. thats where straitford earns its keep.
friedman relies on a lean staff of 20 in austin. several of his staff members have military-intelligence backgrounds. he sees the firms outsider status as the key to its success. straitfords briefs dont sound like the usual washington back-and-forthing, whereby agencies avoid dramatic declarations on the chance they might be wrong. straitford, says friedman, takes pride in its independent voice. 41. the emergence of the net has
________.[a] received support from fans like donovan [b] remolded the intelligence services [c] restored many common pastimes [d] revived spying as a profession
42. donovans story is mentioned in the text to ________. [a] introduce the topic of online spying [b] show how he fought for the us [c] give an episode of the information war
[d] honor his unique services to the cia
43. the phrase making the biggest splash (line 1, paragraph 3) most probably means ________.[a] causing the biggest trouble
[b] exerting the greatest effort [c] achieving the greatest success [d] enjoying the widest popularity
44. it can be learned from paragraph 4 that ________.[a] straitfords prediction about ukraine has proved true [b] straitford guarantees the truthfulness of its information [c] straitfords business is characterized by unpredictability [d] straitford is able to provide fairly reliable information 45. straitford is most proud of its ________.[a] official status [b] nonconformist image [c] efficient staff [d] military background 重点词汇：
更多地为贯彻落实而非战略本身操心——这样做更难。

spymaster ???????????? 即spy+master，间谍大王、间谍组织首脑。

lay the roots for 扎根于。

strategic ????????????? （战略的；对全局起关键作用的）为strategy（战略，策略）的形容词形式，-ic为形容词后缀。

strategy and tactics 战略与战术；a global strategy 全球战略。

worry more about implementation than strategy — its harder to do.
fascinate ?????????? （使着迷，强烈地吸引），去e加名词后缀-ion即为fascination（入迷；诱惑力），去e加形容词后缀-ing 即为fascinating（迷人的），另可记fascism（法西斯主义），fascist（法西斯主义的；法西斯主义者）。

he was fascinated with her beauty.他被她的美貌迷住了。

fascism is a
religion; the twentieth century will be known in history as the century of fascism.法西斯主义是一种宗教；
madly round sexual questions.种种宗教都围绕着两性问题疯狂地打转。

二十世纪将作为法西斯主义世纪而载入史册。

←据说这句话是墨索里尼说的。

espionage ??????????????????????give birth to 分娩；产生；造成。

he gave birth to a brilliant idea.他想到一个绝妙的主意。

（间谍活动）即esp(i)+ion+age，espi即espy（窥
探←e-=ex-出来+spy窥探），-ion与-age皆名词后
缀，表“活动”。

revolution ????????????? （革命；旋转）是revolve（使旋转）的名词形式，“旋转”入“革命”的漩涡。

revolve即re+volve，re-反复，volve词根
“卷”，于是“反复卷”→旋转。

the heart makes a
revolution, the head a reformation.感情造就革命，理
智形成改革。

（←the head a reformation省略了
makes。

另如培根的名句：reading makes a full man;
conference a ready man; and writing an exact man.阅
读使人充实，讨论使人机敏，写作使人精确。

）folds used to be willing to wait patiently for a slow-moving stage coach, but
now they kick like the dickens if they miss one revolution of a revolving door.过去人们一
向乐于耐心等待慢吞吞的公共马车，可现在若错过
旋转门的一次旋转，他们就乱踢一气。

revolution —①an
injustice that serves to replace as soon as possible
the injustice of yesterday by the injustice of tomorrow ②the setting-up of a new order contradictory to the traditional one 革命——①能够促进尽快用明天的非正义取代昨天的非正义的一种非
正义②建立一种与传统秩序相反的新秩序。

religions revolve
spook ?????? （幽灵；间谍）可看作
sp(y)+o(o)+ok→“幽灵”级的“间谍”窥探(spy)只用
两只眼睛(oo)就ok了。

spook — something everyone
is afraid of and no one believes in 幽灵——人人害怕，却没人相
信的东西。

intelligence ????????????? （智力；情报）
即intel+lig+ence，intel-即inter-（前缀，意为“在……
之间”=between，因后接l，故r变形为l），lig词根
意为“选择”=lect（i与e元音可替换，ct=g←g就
是由一个大c与一个小t组成的），-ence名词后
缀，故“从中挑选出所需之物的能力”→智力；“从
中挑选出来的东西”→情报。

intelligent（聪明的）←intel+lig+ent
形容词后缀；intelligible（可理解的，易懂的）←intel+lig+ible形
容词后缀。

intelligence —
perhaps only an instinct that is mistaken 智力——也
许仅仅是一种被弄错的本能。

intelligence is quickness in seeing things as they are.智慧就是迅速看出事物本来面目的能力。

the
test of a first-rate intelligence is the ability to hold two opposed ideas in
mind at the same time and still retain the ability to
function.检验一流智力的标准，就是在头脑中同时存在两种相反的
想法但仍保持行动能力。

influential ????????????? （有影响的；有权势的）即
in+flu+ential，in-前缀意为“到里面”=into，flu词根意为“流”=flow （flu作单词时意
为“流感”，即“流行性感冒”），-ential形容词后缀，故“能流到心里面的”→有影响的。

名词与动词形式都是influence←in+flu+ence后缀。

that man is admired above all men, who is not influenced
by money.不为金钱所动的人是最受崇敬的。

there is a boundary
to mens passions when they act from feelings; but none when they are under the influence of imagination.当人们凭感觉行动时，与激情尚隔一条界线，而受想象力驱动时则无此界线。

compile ????????? 即com+pile，com-前缀“一起”，pile堆，
故“把文字堆在一起”→编辑；“把资料堆在一起”→搜集。

compiler←compil(e)+er表“人”；compilation（编纂）
←compil(e)+ation名词后缀表“行为”。

splash ?????? （n.v.溅）为拟声词。

make a splash 炫耀财富；diplomacy — the art of jumping into trouble without making a splash.外交——纵身跃入
麻烦而不溅起水花的艺术。

prediction ??????????? （预言，预测）即
pre+dict+ion，pre-前缀表“在前”，dict词根意为“说”，
-ion名词后缀，故“在事情发生前就说的”→预言，动词为
predict←pre+dict。

available ?????????? （可用的，可得到的）。

opportunity is available for everyone, but many of them didnt know they had met with it.人人都能得到机会，但是许多人不知道自己遇到过它。

mutually
?????????????????????
（相互地）可看作mut(e)+ual+ly，mute（哑的），
-ual形容词后缀，-ly副词后缀，哑巴之间说话只能靠“相互地”交换
手势，形容词为mutual（相互的）。

the proper basis for
marriage is a mutual misunderstandings.婚姻固有的基础是相互误解。

reinforce ???????????? （增援，加强）即
re+inforce，re-前缀“再”=again，inforce即enforce（加强），
故“再次加强”→加强。

reinforced concrete 钢筋混凝土。

distribution ???????????????? （分发）
即dis+tribut+ion，dis-前缀“分离”=apart，tribut词根
“给”，-ion名词后缀，故“给出去”→分发。

of great riches there is no real use, except it be in the distribution.巨大的财富除了散布，没有真正的用途。

dramatic ?????????? （戏剧性的；引人注目
的；剧烈的）即drama+tic，drama戏剧、剧本，-tic
形容词后缀，表“具……性质”。

has anyone ever seen a dramatic critic in the daytime? of course not. they come out after dark, up to no good.有谁在白天见过
戏剧批评家吗？当然没有。

他们天黑才露面，不做什么好事情。

take pride in 以……为骄傲。

emergence ??????????? （显现）为emerge的名词形式，emerge即e+merge，e-=ex-，表“出来”，merge意为“结合，兼并”，故“从兼并状态中出来”→显现。

emergency（紧急情况，突然事件）←e+merg(e)+ency名词后缀。

truth emerges more readily from error than from confusion.在错误中比在
混乱中更容易出真理。

coward is one who in a
perilous emergency thinks with his legs.懦夫就是在
危急时刻用两条腿思考的人。

revive ???????? （v.恢复；复苏）即re+vive，re-前缀“回”，vive词根“活的”，故“回到活的状态”→复苏。

any great work of art is great because it creates a special world of its own. it revives and readapts time and space.任何伟大的艺术品之所以伟大，是由于它创造了自己特有的世界。

它再现并重新改写了时空。

nonconformist ??????????????? （不合传统规范的；不合传统规范的人）即non-（前缀，“不”）+conform（遵守）+ist（“……的”或“……的人”）。

难句解析：
①the american spymaster who built the office of
roots for the cia was fascinated with information. ▲本句的主干结构是the american spymaster was fascinated with
information。

spymaster的后边是一个定语从句，定语从句里包含
由and连接的两个并列句。

△本句一共出现了三个动词，分别是built、laid和was fascinated。

应该注意体会它们的逻辑关系。

本
句的谓语动词是was fascinated，应该首先把它找出
来。

built和laid处于并列关系，它们的主语是
spymaster。

②these days the net, which has already re-made such everyday pastimes as buying books and sending mail, is reshaping donovans vocation as well.
▲句子的主干是the net is reshaping donovans vocation。

两个
逗号之间是一个非限定性定语从句，用来补充说明the net。

△本句应该重点体会逗号在阅读当中的一个用法。

两个逗号之间是
补充说明成分时，在阅读过程中可。