英语主谓一致讲解与练习(附答案)
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主谓一致讲解与练习
主谓一致是初中阶段的重要语法项目之一,从近年来中考的试题来看,对主谓一致的考查主要集中在以下内容:
1、以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语做主语时,谓语动词要用单数;主语为复数时,谓语用复数。
2、由and或both……and连接的并列成分做主语时,谓语动词用复数。
但并列主语如果指的是同一人、同一事物或同一概念,谓语动词用单数。例如:
The poet and writer has come.
3、由and连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由each, every, no修饰时,其谓语动词要用单数形式。(用and连接的并列主语被each, every 或no修饰时,谓语动词用单数.)例如:
In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.
4、主语是单数时,尽管后面跟有but ,except, besides, with ,as well as(也还有),together with,along with,like 等引导的介词短语时,谓语动词与前面的主语一致。(就远)例如:The woman with two children is my aunt .
注意:主语和谓语之间插入了分词短语,谓语要与主语保持一致。
Mr. Smith, followed by his wife and three children, has just arrived.
5、一些只有复数形式的名词,如people, police(警察), cattle(牛),
clothes等做主语时,谓语动词要用复数。
6、集体名词family, class, team, group 等看作整体时,谓语动词用单数;看作每一个成员时,谓语动词用复数。
7、当表示国家,城市,人名,书名,报纸,杂志,及组织机构等的专有名词做主语时,作为整体,谓语动词用单数形式。
The New York Times is reading all over the United States .
8、news ,maths,physics ,politics等词貌似复数,实为单数,
其谓语动词用单数.
9 名词如:news,以ics 结尾的学科名称。如:
physics,mathematics,economics; 国名如theUnited States: 报纸名如the New Times 书名如Arabian Nights; 以及The United Nations等作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
Physics is difficult for many people.
9、“the +形容词”(如the poor ,the rich ,the young,the old ,the dead ,the sick,the brave 等)做主语,谓语动词用复数
10、由each, any, no, every 构成的复合代词做主语时,谓语动词都用单数。(each of + 复数代词, 谓语动词用单数。复数代词+each, 谓语动词用单数。)
11、有两部分构成的物体的名词,如glasses, shoes, trousers, chopsticks, scissors 等做主语时,谓语动词用复数。
注意:如果这类名词前用了a pair of等,则谓语动词的单复数形式往往取决于pair的单复数形式。例如:Here are some new pairs of
shoes.
My new pair of socks is on the bed.
12、表时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的名词做主语时,谓语动词通常用单数。
13、不定代词由all, most, more, some, any, none做主语时,也要依这些代词表示的意义来决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如果代词代表复数可数名词,谓语动词用复数;如果代词代表单数可数名词或不可数名词,谓语动词用单数。
All of the work has been finished.
All of the people have gone.
14、疑问代词做主语时,其谓语动词也有两种情况:主语表示复数意义,谓语动词用复数;主语表示单数意义,则谓语动词用单数。
Who is your brother?
Who are League members?
15、分数(百分数)+of +名词做主语时,谓语动词的单复数取决于of后面的名词的数。但要注意population 一词,用作整体时,谓语动词用单数,用其部分做主语时,谓语动词形式用复数。
Part of the work has been done by us .
Ten percent of the apples were bad .
The population of China is 13.6 billion and 70%of the population are peasants .
16、half, the rest等表示不定数量的名词做主语时,如果所指为
复数意义,动词用复数;如果所指为单数意义,动词用单数。
17、由what 引出的从句做主语时,通常谓语动词用单数形式。但如果所指内容为复数意义时,谓语动词用复数形式。
18、由连词not……but……, or, either……or, neither……nor, not only…but also,等连接的并列主语,如果一个是单数,一个是复数,则谓语动词按就近一致原则,与最靠近它的主语一致。
19、There be句型、以here开头的句子谓语动词和靠近的主语一致。
20、a number of后面加复数名词或代词,其动词用复数形式;但the number of后面加复数名词或代词时,其谓语用单数。
21、“one or two +复数名词”做主语,谓语动词用复数。
One or two days are enough to see thecity(一、两天的时间就够了)
22、many a +单数名词(许多……) ;more than one +单数名词(不止一……)做主语,尽管意思是复数,但谓语动词还是用单数。注意:“more than +基数词+复数名词”结构或“more +复数名词+than one做主语时,谓语用复数。
Many a ship has been damaged in the storm.
More than twenty students are playing football on the playground.
More members than one are against your plan.
23、this kind of book=a book of this kind(这种书),做主语,谓语用单数;this kind of men=men of this kind=these kind of men(这类人,口语中用),但this kind of men的谓语用单数,men of this kind=these