高级英语第二册第八课课后题

高级英语第三版第二册张汉熙1-6-8课课后paraphrase

⾼级英语第三版第⼆册张汉熙1-6-8课课后paraphraseUnit1it is an activity only of humans.And conversation is an activity found only among human beings.is not for making a point.Conversation is not for persuading others to accept our ideas or points of views. fact, the best conversationalists are those who are prepared to lose.In fact , people who are good at conversation will not argue to win or force others to accept his ideas.friends are not deeply involved in each other’s lives.）People who meet each other for a drink in a pub are not close friends for they are not deeply absorbed in each other’s private lives.5.....it could still go ignorantly on ...The conversation could go on without anybody knowing who was right or wrong.are cattle in the fields ,but we sit down to beef.These animals are called cattle when they are alive and feed in the fields , but when we sit down at the table to eat, we call their meet beef.new ruling class had built a cultural barrier against him by building their French against his own language.The new ruling class by using French instead of English made it hard for the English to accept or absorb the culture of the rulers.had come royally into its own.(English received proper recognition and was used by the King once more.phrase has always been used a little pejoratively and even facetiously by the lower classes.The phrase , the King’s English ,has always been used disrespectfully and jokingly by the lower classes.(The working people often mock the proper and formal language of the educated people.)rebellion against a cultural dominance is still there.As the early Saxon peasants , the working people still have a spirit of opposition to the cultural authority of the ruling class. is always a great danger that “ words will harden into things for us. ”There is always a great danger , as Carlyle put it , that we might forget that words are only symbols and take them for things they are supposed to represent.，Unit21.The burying-ground is merely a huge waste of hummocky earth, like a derelictbuilding-lot.The buring-ground is nothing more than a huge piece of wasteland full of mounds of earth looking like a deserted and abandoned piece of land on which a building was going to be put up.2. All colonial empires are in reality founded upon that fact.All the imperialists build up their empires by treating the people in the colonies like animals (by not treating the people in the colonies as human beings).3. They rise out of the earth, they sweat and starve for a few years, and then they sink back into the nameless mounds of the graveyard.They are born. Then for a few years they work, toil and starve. Finally they die and are buried in graves without a name.4. A carpenter sits cross-legged at a prehistoric lathe, turning chair-legs at lightning speed.Sitting with his legs crossed and using a very old-fashioned lathe, a carpenter quickly gives a round shape to the chair-legs he is making.5. Instantly, from the dark holes all round, there was a frenzied rush of Jews . Immediately from their dark hole-like cells everywhere a great number of Jews rushed out wildly excited.6. every one of them looks on a cigarette as a more or less impossible luxury Every one of these poor Jews looked on the cigarette as a piece of luxury which they could not possibly afford.7. Still, a white skin is always fairly conspicuous.@However, a white-skinned European is always quite noticeable.8. In a tropical landscape one's eye takes in everything except the human beings. If you take a look at the natural scenery ina tropical region, you see everything but the human beings.9. No one would think of running cheap trips to the Distressed Areas.No one would think of organizing cheap trips for the tourists to visit the poor slum areas10. for nine-tenths of the people the reality of life is an endless, backbreaking struggle to wring a little food out of an eroded soil.Life is very hard for ninety percent of the people．With hard backbreaking toil they can produce a little food on the poor soil．11. She accepted her status as an old woman, that is to say as a beast of burden. She took it for granted that as an old woman she was the lowest in the community，that。

高级英语第三版第二册张汉熙16,8课课后标准答案

Lesson One1.And it is an activity only of humans.And conversation is an activity found only among human beings.2.Conversation is not for making a point.Conversation is not for persuading others to accept our ideas or points of views.3.In fact, the best conversationalists are those who are prepared to lose.In fact , people who are good at conversation will not argue to win or force others to accept his ideas.4.Bar friends are not deeply involved in each other’s lives.People who meet each other for a drink in the bar of a pub are not close friends for they are not deeply absorbed in each other’s private lives.5.....it could still go ignorantly on ...The conversation could go on without anybody knowing who was right or wrong.6.There are cattle in the fields ,but we sit down to beef.These animals are called cattle when they are alive and feed in the fields , but when we sit down at the table to eat, we call their meet beef.7.The new ruling class had built a cultural barrier against him by building their French against his ownlanguage.The new ruling class by using French instead of English made it hard for the English to accept or absorb the culture of the rulers.8.English had come royally into its own.English received proper recognition and was used by the King once more.9.The phrase has always been used a little pejoratively and even facetiously by the lower classes.The phrase , the King’s English ,has always been used disrespectfully and jokingly by the lower classes.(The working people often mock the proper and formal language of the educated people.)10.The rebellion against a cultural dominance is still there.As the early Saxon peasants , the working people still have a spirit of opposition to the cultural authority of the ruling class.11.There is always a great danger that “ words will harden into things for us. “There is always a great danger , as Carlyle put it , that we might forget that words are only symbols and take them for things they are supposed to represent.a.However intricate the ways in which animals communicate with each other, they do not indulge in anythingthat deserves the name of conversation.不管动物之间的交流方式多么复杂，它们不能参与到称得上是交谈的任何活动中。

Unit-8 高级英语第2册

QUESTION
Section 3: Detailed Reading
2 Today the combat takes a different shape; instead of wishing to put man in a prison, woman endeavors to escape from one; she no longer seeks to drag him into the realms of immanence but to emerge, herself, into the light of transcendence. Now the attitude of the males creates a new conflict: it is with a bad grace that the man lets her go. He is very well pleased to remain the sovereign subject, the absolute superior, the essential being; he refuses to accept his companion as an equal in any concrete way. She replies to his lack of confidence in her by assuming an aggressive attitude.
In Paragraphs 1-2, the author introduces the changes in the history of feministic movement, reaching the conclusion that the reason why it has failed to reach a more meaningful result lies in the weak point of its mentality.

大学英语第二册第8课课文及课后答案

⼤学英语第⼆册第8课课⽂及课后答案UNIT 8诚实：它将离开时尚？-以往考虑过考试中的做弊吗？当然没有。

但⼀些学⽣并不那么诚实......作者：斯泰茜娅·罗宾斯按照最近的⼀次民意测验，61%的美国⾼中学⽣承认在考试时⾄少做弊⼀次。

它被争论如此⼀个反馈并不意味着多少。

毕竟，最多的学⽣已经⾯对窥视邻近考试卷的诱惑。

并且学⽣⼏乎不能⾃主地判断如此的⾏为。

不管怎样，有其他的显⽰⾼中做弊⾏为可能是在上升。

越来越多的州要求学⽣通过能⼒测试为了接收他们的⾼中⽂凭。

许多教育者担⼼在州测试的习惯中的⼀个增长将导致做弊⾏为的相应增长。

⼀个适合的例⼦是纽约州的学⽣受到犯有轻罪的指控，即拥⽤并出售州董事考试的⾼级拷贝。

做弊现在被认为是⼤专院校的主要问题。

⼏名教授说他们已经放弃了传统的答题纸的需求因为许多学⽣购买事先写好的答题纸，并且他们不能搜寻到更多的做弊者。

这个国家的⼤专院校已经决定不只是光谈论学⽣做弊的上升还要采取⾏动。

例如，迈阿密⼤学的⼼理学系发动了⼀场停⽌做弊形成的运动。

当409名学⽣列队离开他们的考场时，他们发现除了⼀个以外所有的出⼝都被锁住了。

监考⼈要求每个学⽣出⽰⼀张附有照⽚的ID卡。

那些说将ID卡留在宿舍或家⾥的学⽣被拍了⾯部照⽚。

这个运动的⽬的是要抓那些来为别⼈考试的"替考⼈"学⽣。

迈阿密⼤学的⼤多数学⽣赞成这个运动。

这所⼤学的报纸社论说，"像警察逮捕违法超速驾驶者⼀样，这个⽬的不是要抓每⼀个⼈⽽是能够概括这个词的⼈。

"我们经常听到"过去的好时代"的话，那⾥美国⼈更好，更幸福，更诚实。

但是他们更诚实吗？也许是吧，长时间以前⽣活是很不同于今天的样⼦的。

学校的孩⼦习惯于知道亚伯拉罕·林肯怎样⾛了5公⾥返还⼀便⼠因为他对⼀位顾客要价⾼了些。

这是我们知道的像神话⼀样好的故事。

但在林肯的情形中，这个故事是真实的......不像乔治·华盛顿与樱桃树的故事那样。

高级英语第三版第二册张汉熙1-6-8课课后答案

Lesson One1.And it is an activity only of humans.And conversation is an activity found only among human beings.2.Conversation is not for making a point.Conversation is not for persuading others to accept our ideas or points of views.3.In fact, the best conversationalists are those who are prepared to lose.In fact , people who are good at conversation will not argue to win or force others to accept his ideas.4.Bar friends are not deeply involved in each other’s lives.}People who meet each other for a drink in the bar of a pub are not close friends for they are not deeply absorbed in each other’s private lives.5.....it could still go ignorantly on ...The conversation could go on without anybody knowing who was right or wrong.6.There are cattle in the fields ,but we sit down to beef.These animals are called cattle when they are alive and feed in the fields , but when we sit down at the table to eat, we call their meet beef.7.The new ruling class had built a cultural barrier against him by building their French against his ownlanguage.The new ruling class by using French instead of English made it hard for the English to accept or absorb the culture of the rulers.8.English had come royally into its own.(English received proper recognition and was used by the King once more.9.The phrase has always been used a little pejoratively and even facetiously by the lower classes.The phrase , the King’s English ,has always been used disrespectfully and jokingly by the lower classes.(The working people often mock the proper and formal language of the educated people.)10.The rebellion against a cultural dominance is still there.As the early Saxon peasants , the working people still have a spirit of opposition to the cultural authority of the ruling class.11.There is always a great danger that “ words will harden into things for us. “There is always a great danger , as Carlyle put it , that we might forget that words are only symbols and take them for things they are supposed to represent.a.《b.However intricate the ways in which animals communicate with each other, they do not indulge in anythingthat deserves the name of conversation.不管动物之间的交流方式多么复杂，它们不能参与到称得上是交谈的任何活动中。

新编英语教程第二册答案unit8dictationandtranslation

新编英语教程第二册答案unit8dictationandtranslationI. dictationA.Imagine sitting on the smooth floor of a dark room. There are no windows or doors. The walls are so thick that no noise from outside can reach you. At first, you might enjoy the restfulness There would be nothing for you to do. If you were tired, you might fall asleep after a while. But how would you feel when you woke up?If you couldn’t see or hear or smell anything, you wouldn’t know where you were. You wouldn’t know what time it was. Soon you might start see things which are not there. You might see flashing lights, hear dog barking, or smell a cake baking. You might imagine that the floor or the walls were moving. You might feel very warm or very cold. You might even shout to the people outside the room, asking them to let you out.What had been happening? The human mind is deprived of external stimuli it’s used to. It manufactures its own.B.Most people rarely think about how or why they sleep. We need sleep to rest our bodies and our minds. Both are important in order for us to be healthy. It seems there are two purposes of sleep: physical rest and emotional rest.Each night we alternate between two kinds of sleep: active sleep and passive sleep. Passive sleep gives our body the rest that is needed, and prepares us for active sleep, in which occurs. In passive sleep, the body is at rest, and the brain becomes very inactive. If we continue to sleep, we will enter a more active stage, in which the brain goes from being very inactive to being activeand the eyes begin to move rapidly. The eye movement signals that the person is dreaming. This alternating cycle is repeated several times throughout the night. During eight hours of sleep, we dream for a total of one and a half hours, on the average.Many people say that they do not dream , or that they rarely dream. This is not what actually happens, because everyone dreams and in fact, everyone needs to dream in order to stay healthy. The truth is we need both kinds of sleep: We need passive sleep to rest our bodies , and active sleep in order to dream. Dreaming helps us to rest our minds.Translation:A.1.The boy is so obstinate that he won’t listen to anybody’s advice, not even h is parents’.2.After the invention of the new model, the old one, by contrast, seemed very clumsy and slow.3.Since time was very pressing, they had to travel by night as well as by day.4.The consumption of domestic fuel oil varies from 150 gallons a month in winter to practically nothing in July and August.5.Did you have much trouble getting tickets for the exhibition?6.He survived the accident miraculously, but no one else did.7.I was struck by the resemblance between the two men.8.At the conference the general manager winked at me several times, but I still couldn’t figure out what he was hinting at.B.Jim:How’s your toothache?Andrew:It’s gone, thanks. I went to the dentist last night.Jim:Teeth keep causing trouble, and nobody really does anything about toothache. I can’t understand why.Andrew: They can put men on the moon, but they can’t keep people from having trouble with teeth.Jim: Why can’t they transplant teeth the way they transplant hearts?Andrew: I’ve heard they’re working on that. My d entist says they’re working on tooth transplants right now.Jim:On second thoughts, I’m not sure I’d want to eat with some other person’s teeth.Andrew:That’s not how it works. The idea is to develop a plastic tooth that can be put into the hole where your own tooth came out.Jim: Well, that sounds like a good idea.Guided writing:Reference version:Dreams reflect what people are thinking about during the day. There is an old story in China that bears this out. In those days, scholars all had one aspiration: to be a high official, which would bring glory, splendor and great wealth. They studied hard to pass the different levels of examination held by the government. In the Tang Dynasty, there was a scholar named Lu. On his way to the capital to take part in a high level examination, he stopped for the night at an inn. After a long day’s journey, he was both tired and hungry. He dropped down on a stool and the innkeeper started to cook a meal for him. His eyelids dropped and he dozed off. In his sleep, he was awarded the highest honor in the examination, thus becoming one of the high officials, subsequent to which he was showered with money, preciousthings, high tributes and beautiful women. He led a powerful and luxurious life before he fell out of favor with the emperor and was deprived of everything overnight. The shock brought him back to the dilapidated little inn and he found the meal was not yet done. The next morning, after a sleepless night, Scholar Lu started his journey home instead of going to the capital to take part in the examination.。

高级英语第三版第二册张汉熙1-6-8课课后答案

Lesson One1.And it is an activity only of humans.And conversation is an activity found only among human beings.2.Conversation is not for making a point.Conversation is not for persuading others to accept our ideas or points of views.3.In fact, the best conversationalists are those who are prepared to lose.In fact , people who are good at conversation will not argue to win or force others to accept his ideas.4.Bar friends are not deeply involved in each other’s lives.People who meet each other for a drink in the bar of a pub are not close friends for they are not deeply absorbed in each other’s private lives.5.....it could still go ignorantly on ...The conversation could go on without anybody knowing who was right or wrong.6.There are cattle in the fields ,but we sit down to beef.These animals are called cattle when they are alive and feed in the fields , but when we sit down at the table to eat, we call their meet beef.7.The new ruling class had built a cultural barrier against him by building their French against his ownlanguage.The new ruling class by using French instead of English made it hard for the English to accept or absorb the culture of the rulers.8.English had come royally into its own.English received proper recognition and was used by the King once more.9.The phrase has always been used a little pejoratively and even facetiously by the lower classes.The phrase , the King’s English ,has always been used disrespectfully and jokingly by the lower classes.(The working people often mock the proper and formal language of the educated people.)10.The rebellion against a cultural dominance is still there.As the early Saxon peasants , the working people still have a spirit of opposition to the cultural authority of the ruling class.11.There is always a great danger that “ words will harden into things for us. “There is always a great danger , as Carlyle put it , that we might forget that words are only symbols and take them for things they are supposed to represent.a.However intricate the ways in which animals communicate with each other, they do not indulge in anythingthat deserves the name of conversation.不管动物之间的交流方式多么复杂，它们不能参与到称得上是交谈的任何活动中。

高级英语第二册第八课课后题

Lesson 8ExercisesI.Write a short note on Peter F.Dructer.[SRB]1.Who’s who (1972)2.The International Who’s who (1976-1979)II. Questions on content:1.Why is man defined as “ the animal that produces”?2.How does work liberate man from nature and make him a social andindependent being?3.Why, according to Fromm, was work meaningful in the thirteenth andfourteenth centuries in the Western countries?4.How did the meaning of work change after the collapse of the medieval socialstructure? How did people’s sense of insecurity influence their work? What part did religion play?5.What two views of work were common during the first centuries of the modernera? How did different classes view work differently? How, according to Fromm, did these views emerge?6.How has the industrial worker’s role changed? What is his relationship to themachine?7.What, according to Peter Drucker, is the meaning of a job in the automobileindustry? Why is this meaning inadequate for the worker?8.What has most concerned researchers in industrial psychology? How has thecomparision of worker to a machine influenced these investigations?9.What two reactions has the alienated nature of work today resulted in,according to Fromm?III. Questions on appreciation:1.How do the ideas presented in paragraph 1 prepare the reader for paragraph 2?2.How does paragraph 2 provide the definition of an ideal kind of work?3.Are the first two paragraphs important? What role do they play in the wholeessay?4.How do the quotations from C.W. MILLS and P.Drucker support and developFromm’s point? Are quotations more effective than a paraphrase or a summary?5.Why are industrial psychologists concerned with “human relations,” accordingto Fromm? What are Fromm’s reactions to their endeavors? How does he make his reactions clear to his readers?6.Review the ways in which Fromm demonstrates that work “has becomealienated” from people. When did this alienation begin? What caused it? What have been its effects?7.The method of causal analysis is used in the writing of this essay. Explain howFromm’s survey of the history of people’s attitude toward work is essential to the development of his causal analysis.8.Do you have any comments or criticism to make on some of the points or viewsput forward by Fromm? Give your reas ons/IV. Paraphrase:1.…by the very fact of production, he has risen above the animalkingdom…(para1)2.Work is also his liberator from nature, his creator as a social and independentbeing.(para1)3.…all are expressions of the creative transformation of nature by man’s reasonand skill.(para 1)4.There is no split of work and play, or work and culture.(para2)5.Work becomes the chief factor in a system of “innerworldly ascetcism,”ananswer to man’s sense of aloneness and isolation. (para3)6.Work has become alienated from the working person.（para5）7.Work is a means of getting money, not in itself a meaningful humanactivity.(para7)8.…a pay check is not enough to base one’s self respect on. (para7)9.…most industrial psychologists are mainly concerned with the manipulation ofworker’s psyche. （para9）10.It is going to pay off in cold dollars and cents to management, … (para9)11.But this usefulness often serves only as a rationalization for the appeal tocomplete passivity and receptivity. (para11)12.…he has a feeling of fraudulency about his product and a secret contempt for it.(para13)V. Translate paragraph 9 into Chinese.VI.Look up the dictionary and explain the meaning of the italicized words:1.he has risen above the animal kingdom (para1)2.as a social and independent being (para1)3.develop his capacities and skills in its prosecution (para2)4.he was among the “chosen” ones (para4)5.Work has become alienated from the working person. (para5)6.the whole product in its physical aspects (para6)7.rather than its master as an active agent (para6)8.this puts a premium on slovenly work (para7)9.how he can made to work with less friction (para9)10.with the manipulation of the worker’s psyche (para9)11.It is going to pay off in cold dollars and cents to management … (para9)12.There are, of course, many useful and labor saving gadgets. (para11)VII. Give ten synonymous and/or related words of the word creator (meaning producer). Give words of the same part of speech.VIII. Give corresponding nouns for the following adjectives or verbs:1.appropriate 11. English2.precise 12. ambiguous3.subtle 13. amass4.prefer 14. disappoint5.accept 15. disallow6.assemble 16. physiological7.absent-minded 17. provoke8.sincere 18. judge9.carry 19. understand10.inherit 20. extendIX. Add the suffix-ship or –dom or –hood to the following words:1.false 11. guardian2.official 12. seaman3.bachelor 13. knight4.woman 14. duke5.lord 15. marksman6.dean 16. prince7.priest 17. town8.king 18. censor9.brother 19. serf10.trustee 20.citizenX.Explain how the meaning of the following sentences is affected when the italicized words are replaced with the words in brackets. Pay attention to the shades of meaning of the words:1. However primitive and simple his method of work may be, by the very fact ofproduction, he has risen above the animal kingdom; rightly has he been defined as “the animal that produces.” (backward) (correctly)2. The more his work develops, the more his individuality develops. (individualism)3. Work was not only a useful activity, but one which carried with it a profoundsatisfaction. (action)4. There is no split of work and play, or work and culture. (difference between)5. The outcome of this activity, success or failure, decided his salvation, indicatingwhether he was among the saved or the lost souls. (consequence)6. The first centuries of the modern era find the meaning or work divided into thatof duty among the middle class and that of forced labor among those without property. (wealth)7. P.Drucker, observing workers in the automobile industry, expresses this idea verysuccinctly. (briefly)8. Most investigations in the field of industrial psychology are concerned with thequestion of how the productivity of the individual worker can be increased (products)9. most industrial psychologists are mainly concerned with the manipulation of theworker’s psyche (psychology)10. One speaks of “human relation”and one means the most inhuman relations(humane)Ⅺ.For each of the following, give another word or expression with similar meaning found in the text:1. be detached from 6. act2. mode 7. gadget3. duty 8. riches4. role 9. passivity5. feature 10. longingXII.Read the following paragraphs and prepare to discuss: 1) What is the central idea of the paragraph? 2) What method is used in developing the central idea? 1.I love my lawyer. My lawyer is not an ordinary person. My lawyer is a rebel, arevolutionary who is alienated fundamental from the status quo, probably with as great an intensity, conviction, and irretrievability as I am alienated from it - and probably with more intelligence, compassion, and humanity. If you read the papers, you are no doubt aware of my lawyer’s incessant involvement in agitation against all intervention in the internal affairs of the Vietnamese people or the invasion of the Dominican Republic by U.S. Marines. And my lawyer defends civil rights demonstrators, sit –inners, and the Free Speech students who rebelled against the Kerr – Strong machine at the University of California.My love for my lawyer is due, in part, to these activities and involvements, because we are always on the same side of the issues.2.Of all the forces which have temted us to lose our sense of history, none hasbeen more potent than television. While, of course, television levels distance –puts us closer and more vividly present in Washington than we are in our state capital and takes us all instantly to the moon – it has had a less noticeable but equally potent effect on our sense of time. Because television enables us to b there, anywhere, instantly, precisely because it fills the instant present moment with experience so engrossing and overwhelming, it dulls our sense of the past.If it had not been possible for us all to accompany Scott and Irwin on their voyage of exploration on the moon, we would have had to wait to be engrossed in retrospect by the vivid chronicle of some Francis Parkman or Samuel Eliot Morison, and there would then have been no possible doubt that the moon journey was part of the stream of our history. But with television we saw that historic event –as we now see more and more of whatever goes on in our country – as only another vivid item in the present.XIII. Topics for oral work:1.Do you agree with all the views of the writer? What criticisms have you tomake?2.Do we have any problems in the management of our industry? How shouldwe solve them?XIV. Write a short expository composition on：Workers in Socialist China.。

新概念英语二册Lessons 8课后练习答案

新概念英语二册Lessons 8课后练习答案新概念英语第二册第8课词汇学习 Word studyenter(1)vt.,vi. 进入：Joe entered the room quietly.乔悄悄地走进了房间。

Always knock on the door before you enter.进入前要先敲门。

(2)vt.,vi. 参加，加入：We've entered into an agreement.我们已达成一项协议。

He soon entered their conversation.他很快便加入了他们的谈话。

(3)enter for是"报名参加"的意思：She entered (her name/ herself) for the mathematics competition.她报名参加数学竞赛。

He entered his son for the English examination.他让儿子参加英语考试。

every 构成的合成词every和one, body, thing能够构成复合不定代词everyone, everybody和everything。

它们一般都写成一个词。

everyone和everybody一般能够替换使用，后面的代词既能够用单数，也能够用复数，但它们本身均被视为单数：Everyone/ Everybody knows what he has to do.每一个人都知道自己必须做什么。

Everyone/ Everybody knows what they have to do.每个人都知道自己必须做什么。

Everything is going well.一切都很顺利。

与every一样能够构成这类合成词的单词还有some, any和no。

新概念英语第二册第8课练习答案 Key to written exercises1.关键句型练习答案A 1 Mary's handwriting is worse than Jane's.2 Caroline's handwriting is worse than Mary's and Jane's.3 Caroline's dress is/ was more expensive than Jane's.4 Mary's dress is/ was more expensive than Jane's and Caroline's.B …has the most beautiful garden in our town…'The Nicest Garden Competition'…garden is larger thanJoe's…works harder than Joe and grows more flowers and vegetables…garden is more interesting…for the worst garden in the town!D 1 in 2 of 3 of 4 in2.难点练习答案A 1 believes 2 was 3 triesB Sentences 2, 3 and 53.多项选择题答案1 d2 b3 b4 a5 c6 c7 b 8 b 9 a 10 d 11b 12 b。

高级英语unit8词汇,翻译,课后习题

Unit 8 An Interactive Lifecathedral ( n.) :any large，imposing church主教座堂，主教大堂；大教堂peak ( n.) :the highest or utmost point of anything；height；maximum最高点，顶点；最高值lucid (adj.) :clear to the mind；readily understood易懂的；明白的ulterior (adj.) :beyond what is exprssed，implied，or evident；undisclosed隐蔽的；秘而不宣的prosecution ( n.) :act of prosecuting彻底进行；执行；实行infuse ( v．) :．put(quality，idea，etc．)into，as if by pouring；instill；impart逐渐灌输(思想品德等)；把…传授给protestant (adj.) :of any of the Christian churches as a result of the Reformation新教(徒)的；基督教(徒)的obsess (v．) :haunt or trouble in mind，esp. to an abnormal degree；preoccupy deeply 使分心；使心神困扰(尤指精神反常，着迷)subdue ( v．) :bring into subjection；conquer；vanquish使屈服，征服asceticism ( n.) :the practice or way of life of an ascetic苦行(主义)；禁欲(主义) succinct ( adj.) :clearly and briefly stated；terse简明的；简短的stultify (v．) :make seem foolish，stupid，inconsistent，etc．；make absurd or ridiculous 使显得愚蠢(可笑)devoid (adj.) :completely not having；empty or destitute完全没有的；无(或缺乏的) premium ( n.) :a reward or prize，esp. one offered free or at a special。

高级英语第二册8-12课paraphrase

第八课1….by the very fact of production, he has risen above the animal kingdom.Because of the fact itself that man produces, he has developed far beyond all other animals.2. Work is also his liberator from nature, his creator as a social and independent of nature.Work also frees man from nature and makes him into a social being independent of nature.3. …all are expressions of the creative transformation of nature by man’s reason and skill.All the above-mentioned work shows how man has transformed nature through his reason and skill.4. There is no split of work and play, or work and culture.Therefore pleasure and work went together; so did the cultural development of the worker go hand in hand with the work he was doing.5. Work became the chief factor in a system of “inner worldly asceticism”, an answer to man’s sense of aloneness and isolation.Work became the chief element in a system that preached an austere and self-denying way of life. Work was the only thing that brought relief to those who felt alone and isolated leading this kind of ascetic life.6. Work has became alienated from the working person.In capitalist society the worker feels estranged from or hostile to the work he is doing.7. Work is a means of getting money, not in itself a meaning human activity.Work helps the worker to earn some money; and earning money only is an activity without much significance or purpose.8. …a pay check is not enough to base one’s self-respect on.Just earning some money is not enough to make a worker have a proper respect of himself.9. …most industrial psychologists are mainly concerned with the manipulation of the worker’s psyche.Most industrial psychologists are mainly trying to manage and control the mind of the worker.10. It is going to pay off in cold dollars and cents to management.Better relations with the public will yield larger profits to management. The management will earn larger profits if it has better relations with the public.11. But this usefulness often serves only as a rationalization for the appeal to complete passivity and receptivity.The fact that many gadgets are indeed useful is often used by advertisers as a more "high-minded" cover for what is reallya vulgar, base appeal to idleness and willingness to accept things.12. He has a feeling of fraudulency about his product and a secret contempt for it.The businessman knows the quality or usefulness of his product is not what it should be. He despises the goods he produces, conscious of the deception involved.第九课1. With a clamor of bells that set the swallows soaring, the Festival of Summer came to the city Omelas.The loud ringing of the bells, which sent the frightened swallows flying high, marked the beginning of the Festival of Summer in Omelas.2. Their high calls rising like the swallows’ crossing flights over the music and singsing.The shouting of the children could be heard clearly above the music and singing like the calls of the swallows flying by overhead.3. Exercised their restive horses before the race.The riders were putting the horses through some exercises because the horses were eager to start and stubbornly resisting the control of the riders.4. Given a description such as this one tends to make certain assumptions.After reading the above description the reader is likely to assume certain things.5. These were not simple folk, not dulcet shepherds, noble savages, bland utopians.The citizens of Omelas were not simple people, not kind and gentle shepherds, not savages of high birth, nor mild idealists dreaming of a perfect society.6. This is the treason of artist: a refusal to admit the banality of evil and the terrible boredom of pain.An artist betrays his trust when he does not admit that evil is nothing fresh nor novel and pain is very dull and uninteresting.7. They were nature, intelligent, passionate adults whose lives were not wretched.They were fully developed and intelligent grown-up people full of intense feelings and they were not miserable people.8. Perhaps it would be best if you imagined it as your own fancy bids, assuming it will rise to the occasion.Perhaps it would be best if the reader pictures Omelas to himself as his imagination tells him, assuming his imagination willbe equal to the task.9. The faint insistent sweetness of drooz may perfume the way of the city.The faint but compelling sweet scent of the drug drooz may fill the streets of the city.10. Perhaps it was born defective, or perhaps it has become imbecile through fear, malnutrition and neglect.Perhaps the child was mentally retarded because it was born so or perhaps it has become very foolish and stupid because of fear, poor nourishment and neglect.11. Its habits are too uncouth for it to respond to humane treatment.The habits of the child are so crude and uncultured that it will show no sign of improvement even if it is treated kindly and tenderly.12. Their tears at the bitter injustice dry when they begin to perceive the terrible justice of reality, and to accept it.They shed tears when they see how terribly unjust they have been to the child, but these tears dry up when they realize how just and fair though terrible reality was.第十课1. The slightest mention of the decade brings nostalgic recollections to the middle-aged.At the very mention of this post-war period, middle-aged people begin to think about it longingly.2. The rejection of Victorian gentility was, in any case, inevitable.In any case, an American could not avoid casting aside its middle-class respectability and affected refinement.3. The war acted merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of the Victorian social structure.The war only helped to speed up the breakdown of the Victorian social structure.4. It was tempted, in America at least, to escape its responsibilities and retreat behind an air of naughty alcoholic sophistication.In America at least, the young people were strongly inclined to shirk their responsibilities. They pretended to be worldly-wise, drinking and behaving naughtily.5. Prohibition afforded the young the additional opportunity of making their pleasures illicit.The young people found greater pleasure in their drinking because Prohibition, by making drinking unlawful added a sense of adventure.6. Our young men began to enlist under foreign flags.Our young men joined the armies of foreign countries to fight in the war.7. They “wanted to get into the fun before the whole thing turned belly up”.The young people wanted to take part in the glorious ad-venture before the whole war ended.8. They had outgrown towns and families.These young people could no longer adapt themselves to lives in their home towns or their families.9. The returning veteran also had to face the sodden, Napoleonic cynicism of Versailles, the hypocritical do-goodism of Prohibition.The returning veteran also had to face Prohibition which the lawmakers hypocritically assumed would do good to the people.10. Something in tension-ridden youth of America had to “give”.(Under all this force and pressure) something in the youth of America, who were already very tense, had to break down. 11. It was only natural that hopeful young writers, their minds and pens inflamed against war, Babbittry, and “Puritanical”gentility, should flock to the traditional artistic center.It was only natural that hopeful young Writers whose minds and writings were filled with violent anger against war, Babbitry, and "Puritanical" gentility, should come in great numbers to live in Greenwich Village, the traditional artistic centre.12. Each town had its “fast” set which prided itself on its unconventionality.Each town was proud that it had a group of wild, reckless people, who lived unconventional lives.第十一课1. Below the noisy arguments, the abuse and the quarrels, there is a reservoir of instinctive fellow-feeling.The English people may hotly argue and abuse and quarrel with each other but there still exists a lot of natural sympathetic feeling for each other.2. At heart they would like to take a whip to the whole idle troublesome mob of them.What the wealthy employers would really like to do is to whip all the workers whom they consider to be lazy and troublesome people.3. There are not many of these man, either on the board or the shop floor.There are not many snarling shop stewards in the work-shop, nor are there many cruel wealthy employers on the board of managers (or governing board of a factory).4. It demands bigness, and they are suspicious of bigness.The contemporary world demands that everything be done on a big scale and the English do not like or trust bigness.5. Against this, at least superficially, Englishness seems a poor shadowy show.At least on the surface, when Englishness is put against the power and success of Admass, Englishness seems to put up a rather poor weak performance.6. While Englishness is not hostile to change, it is deeply suspicious of change for change’s sake.Englishness is not against change, but it believes that changing just for changing and for no other useful purpose to be very wrong and harmful.7. To put cars and motorways before houses seems to Englishness a communal change’s sake.To regard cars and motorways as more important than houses seems to Englishness a public stupidity~8. I must add that while English can still fight on, Admass could be winning.I must further say that while Englishness can go on fighting, there is a great possibility of Admass winning.9. It must have some moral capital to draw upon, and soon it may be asking for an overdraft.Englishness draws its strength from a reservoir of strong moral and ethical principles, and soon it may be asking for strength which this reservoir of principles cannot supply.10. They probably believe, as I do, that the Admass “Good Life” is a fraud on all counts.These people probably believe, as I do, that the 'Good Life' promised by Admass is false and dishonest in all respects. 11. They can be found, too —though not in large numbers because the breed is dying out —among crusty High T ories who avoid the City and directors’ fees.They can be found too though there are not many of them now because these kind of people are dying out -- among the curt, bad-tempered, extremely conservative politicians who refuse to accept high posts in big commercial enterprises. 12. They are inept, shiftless, slovenly, messy.They are incompetent, lazy and inefficient, careless and untidy.13. He will not even find much satisfaction in this scrounging messy existence, which does nothing for a man’s self-respect. He will not even find much satisfaction in his untidy and disordered life where he manages to live as a parasite by sponging on people. This kind of life does not help a person to build up any self-respect.14. To them the House of Commons is a remote squabbling-shop.These people think of the House of Commons as a place rather far away where some people are always quarreling and arguing over some small matter.15. Heavy hands can fall on the shoulders that have been shrugging away politics.If a dictator comes to power, these people then will soon learn in the worst way that they were very wrong to ignore politics for they can now suddenly and for no reason be arrested and thrown into prison.第十二课1. It is a complex fate to be an American.The fate of an American is complicated and hard to understand.2. They were no more at home in Europe than I was.They were uneasy and uncomfortable in Europe as I was.3. We were both searching for our separate identities.They were all trying to find their own special individualities.4. I do not think that could have made this reconciliation here.I don't think I could have accepted in America my Negro status without feeling ashamed.5. Europe can be very crippling too.Europe can also have a very frustrating or disabling effect.6. It is easier to cut across social and occupational lines there than it is here.It is easier in Europe for people of different social groups and occupations to intermingle and have social intercourse.7. A man can be as proud of being a good waiter as of being a good actor, and in neither case feel threatened.In Europe a good waiter and a good actor are equally proud of their social status and position. They are not jealous of each other and do not live in fear of losing their position.8. I was born in New York, but have lived only in pockets of it.I was born in New York but have lived only in some small areas of the city.9. This reassessment, which can be very painful, is also very valuable.The reconsideration of the significance and importance of many things that one had taken for granted in the past can be very painful, though very valuable.10. On this acceptance, literally, the life of a writer depends.The life of a writer really depends on his accepting the fact that no matter where he goes or what he does he will always carry the marks of his origins.11. American writers do not have a fixed society to describe.American writers live in a mobile society where nothing is fixed, so they do not have a fixed society to describe.12. Every society is really governed by hidden laws, by unspoken but profound assumptions on the part of the people. Every society is influenced and directed by hidden laws, and by many things deeply felt and taken for granted by the people, though not openly spoken about.。

高级英语第三版第二册张汉熙1-6,8课课后paraphrase资料

Unit11.And it is an activity only of humans.And conversation is an activity found only among human beings.2.Conversation is not for making a point.Conversation is not for persuading others to accept our ideas or points of views.3.In fact, the best conversationalists are those who are prepared to lose. In fact , people who are good at conversation will not argue to win or force others to accept his ideas.4.Bar friends are not deeply involved in each other’s lives.People who meet each other for a drink in a pub are not close friends for they are not deeply absorbed in each other’s private lives.5.....it could still go ignorantly on ...The conversation could go on without anybody knowing who was right or wrong.6.There are cattle in the fields ,but we sit down to beef.These animals are called cattle when they are alive and feed in the fields , but when we sit down at the table to eat, we call their meet beef.7.The new ruling class had built a cultural barrier against him by building their French against his own language.The new ruling class by using French instead of English made it hard for the English to accept or absorb the culture of the rulers.8.English had come royally into its own.English received proper recognition and was used by the King once more.9.The phrase has always been used a little pejoratively and even facetiously by the lower classes.The phrase , the King’s English ,has always been used disrespectfully and jokingly by the lower classes.(The working people often mock the proper and formal language of the educated people.)10.The rebellion against a cultural dominance is still there.As the early Saxon peasants , the working people still have a spirit of opposition to the cultural authority of the ruling class.11.There is alway s a great danger that “ words will harden into things for us. ”There is always a great danger , as Carlyle put it , that we might forget that words are only symbols and take them for things they are supposed to represent.Unit21. The burying-ground is merely a huge waste of hummocky earth, like aderelict building-lot.The buring-ground is nothing more than a huge piece of wasteland full of mounds of earth looking like a deserted and abandoned piece of land on whicha building was going to be put up.2. All colonial empires are in reality founded upon that fact.All the imperialists build up their empires by treating the people in the colonies like animals (by not treating the people in the colonies as human beings).3. They rise out of the earth, they sweat and starve for a few years, and then they sink back into the nameless mounds of the graveyard.They are born. Then for a few years they work, toil and starve. Finally they die and are buried in graves without a name.4. A carpenter sits cross-legged at a prehistoric lathe, turning chair-legs at lightning speed.Sitting with his legs crossed and using a very old-fashioned lathe, a carpenter quickly gives a round shape to the chair-legs he is making.5. Instantly, from the dark holes all round, there was a frenzied rush of Jews .Immediately from their dark hole-like cells everywhere a great number of Jews rushed out wildly excited.6. every one of them looks on a cigarette as a more or less impossible luxuryEvery one of these poor Jews looked on the cigarette as a piece of luxury which they could not possibly afford.7. Still, a white skin is always fairly conspicuous.However, a white-skinned European is always quite noticeable.8. In a tropical landscape one's eye takes in everything except the human beings.If you take a look at the natural scenery in a tropical region, you see everything but the human beings.9. No one would think of running cheap trips to the Distressed Areas.No one would think of organizing cheap trips for the tourists to visit the poor slum areas10. for nine-tenths of the people the reality of life is an endless, backbreaking struggle to wring a little food out of an eroded soil.Life is very hard for ninety percent of the people．With hard backbreaking toil they can produce a little food on the poor soil．11. She accepted her status as an old woman, that is to say as a beast of burden.She took it for granted that as an old woman she was the lowest in the community，that。

张汉熙《高级英语》第二册paraphrase答案

4. We will not allow any enemy country to subvert this peaceful revolution which brings hope of progress to all our countries.
9． The phrase，the King’s English，has always been used disrespectfully and jokingly by the lower classes． The working people very often make fun of the proper and formal language of the educated people．
7. However, a white-skinned European is always quite noticeable.
8. If you take a look at the natural scenery in a tropical region, you see everything but the human beings.
6. The electrical systems in the car had been put out by water.
7. As John watched the water inch its way up the steps, he felt a strong sense of guilt because he blamed himself for endangering the whole family by deciding not to flee inland.
11．She took it for granted that as an old woman she was the lowest in the community，that。she was only fit for doing heavy work like an animal．

全新版大学英语综合教程第二册第八单元课后练习答案unit8

Unit8 Protecting Our EnvironmentPart II Reading TaskComprehensionContent QuestionPair Work1.In the midst of prosperous farms and beautiful fields in the central part ofAmerica.2.Foxes, deer, wild flowers and trees, migrant birds, trout and other fishes, etc.3.The roadsides were beautiful even in winter. Berries and seed heads of driedweeds rose above the snow, and birds came to feed on them.4.The migrant birds, and fish in the streams and pools.5.It was clear and cold.6.They built their houses, sank their wells, built their barns, and lived inperfect harmony with the wild life. The town remained beautiful and full of life for many years.7.She refers to the shadow of death. Chickens, cattle and sheep began to die ofmysterious maladies, people were stricken with strange sickness and some of them died.8.Spring should be throbbing with life, full of birdsong. “A silent spring” isa lifeless spring.9.The roadsides are now lined with withered vegetation as though swept by fire.10.Probably it is the remains of pesticides or other deadly chemicals.11.Man. All these changes are the result of man’s own work.12.No. The author is pointing to a real danger. The disasters befalling thisimagined town have actually happened here and there, though no single town has experienced all of them. If nothing is done to protect the environment, all American towns will suffer the same fate sooner or later.Text OrganizationWorking On Your Own1.Part Two: The description of the same town which was now stricken with all kinds of maladiesPart Three: The cause of the maladiesPart Four: Though imagined, the tragedy may well become a reality and the author tells about her purpose in writing the book.2.3. A strange blight crept over the area5. Animals stopped breeding and trees bore no fruitLanguage Sense Enhancement1.(1)heart(2)in harmony with(3)in the midst(4)prosperous (5)orchards(6)drifted(7)blaze(8)flickered(9)barked(10)mistsVocabulary I1.1)barking2)evil3)brooding;hatched 4)migrant 5)tragedies6)counterpart7)arecomplaining/co-mplain8)grim9)flocks; fed on10)vegetation11)patches12)Scores of2.1)was lined with people who came to welcome the distinguished foreign guests.2)the boss silenced all lively conversation in the office.3)wearing a pair of sun glasses, the famous movie star passed the crowedunnoticed.4)looked deserted.5)were stricken by it.3.1)patches; came into full bloom; were puzzled; mysterious2)throbbed with; sickened; migrant; a chorus3)had crept into; flickered; the starkII.Word Formation1.Compound words age-oldair force daughter-in-law first-rate greenhousehalf brother ice-cream lifelikelight year salespersonself-centered threefold overusestone-still worldwide Chinese meaning古老的空军儿媳妇一流的温室同母异父兄弟；同父异母兄弟冰淇淋逼真的光年售货员；推销员以自己为中心的，自私的三倍过度使用石头似的一动不动全世界范围的；在世界范围内2.1)poverty-stricken people2)heart-breaking news3)newly-built database4)well-fed kids 5)successful spacewalk6)peace-loving people7)need-based scholarships8)color-blind peopleIII.Confusable Words1.lyingidyin5.liey7.lieyy10.liesComprehensive Exercises I.cloze1.(1)spell(2)stricken(3)misfortunes(4)surroundings(5)blossom/bloom(6)migrant (7)deserted(8)silence(9)sickened(10)hatch(11)puzzled(12)in harmony with2.(1)rate(2)publication(3)dangerous(4)banned (5)export(6)profit(7)accept(8)comprehend(9)boundaries(10)ultimatelyII.Translation1.1)This is a prosperous town, but there is still poverty in the midst of wealthand abundance.2)The Brown family was stricken with one misfortune after another, but theirchildren never complained.3)The museum is designed in such a way that it stands in perfect harmony withits surroundings.4)It was a miracle that these flowers did not wither at all in the blazingsun.5)Flocks of sheep feed on the patches of vegetation that rise above the wintersnow.2.This village was once famous for its beautiful natural surroundings. All the year round, the trees were green and the flowers in bloom. Clear streams flowed out of the hills through a checkerboard of rice fields. Birds sang all day, and deer came and went in a leisurely manner. However, with the coming of DDT and other pesticides, an evil spell seemed to have settled over the village. Misfortunes came one after another. Chicken died suddenly, cattle and sheep were stricken by mysterious maladies, and farmers complained about a sickening feeling that puzzled the village doctor. The village square, once throbbing with life, was now deserted.。

高级英语第三版第二册张汉熙1-6-8课课后paraphrase1

Unit11.And it is an activity only of humans.And conversation is an activity found only among human beings.2.Conversation is not for making a point.Conversation is not for persuading others to accept our ideas or points of views.3.In fact, the best conversationalists are those who are prepared to lose. In fact , people who are good at conversation will not argue to win or force others to accept his ideas.4.Bar friends are not deeply involved in each other’s lives.People who meet each other for a drink in a pub are not close friends for they are not deeply absorbed in each other’s private lives.5.....it could still go ignorantly on ...The conversation could go on without anybody knowing who was right or wrong.6.There are cattle in the fields ,but we sit down to beef.These animals are called cattle when they are alive and feed in the fields , but when we sit down at the table to eat, we call their meet beef.7.The new ruling class had built a cultural barrier against him by building their French against his own language.The new ruling class by using French instead of English made it hard for the English to accept or absorb the culture of the rulers.8.English had come royally into its own.English received proper recognition and was used by the King once more.9.The phrase has always been used a little pejoratively and even facetiously by the lower classes.The phrase , the King’s English ,has always been used disrespectfully and jokingly by the lower classes.(The working people often mock the proper and formal language of the educated people.)10.The rebellion against a cultural dominance is still there.As the early Saxon peasants , the working people still have a spirit of opposition to the cultural authority of the ruling class.11.There is alway s a great danger that “ words will harden into things for us. ”There is always a great danger , as Carlyle put it , that we might forget that words are only symbols and take them for things they are supposed to represent.Unit21. The burying-ground is merely a huge waste of hummocky earth, like aderelict building-lot.The buring-ground is nothing more than a huge piece of wasteland full of mounds of earth looking like a deserted and abandoned piece of land on whicha building was going to be put up.2. All colonial empires are in reality founded upon that fact.All the imperialists build up their empires by treating the people in the colonies like animals (by not treating the people in the colonies as human beings).3. They rise out of the earth, they sweat and starve for a few years, and then they sink back into the nameless mounds of the graveyard.They are born. Then for a few years they work, toil and starve. Finally they die and are buried in graves without a name.4. A carpenter sits cross-legged at a prehistoric lathe, turning chair-legs at lightning speed.Sitting with his legs crossed and using a very old-fashioned lathe, a carpenter quickly gives a round shape to the chair-legs he is making.5. Instantly, from the dark holes all round, there was a frenzied rush of Jews .Immediately from their dark hole-like cells everywhere a great number of Jews rushed out wildly excited.6. every one of them looks on a cigarette as a more or less impossible luxuryEvery one of these poor Jews looked on the cigarette as a piece of luxury which they could not possibly afford.7. Still, a white skin is always fairly conspicuous.However, a white-skinned European is always quite noticeable.8. In a tropical landscape one's eye takes in everything except the human beings.If you take a look at the natural scenery in a tropical region, you see everything but the human beings.9. No one would think of running cheap trips to the Distressed Areas.No one would think of organizing cheap trips for the tourists to visit the poor slum areas10. for nine-tenths of the people the reality of life is an endless, backbreaking struggle to wring a little food out of an eroded soil.Life is very hard for ninety percent of the people．With hard backbreaking toil they can produce a little food on the poor soil．11. She accepted her status as an old woman, that is to say as a beast of burden.She took it for granted that as an old woman she was the lowest in the community，that。

高级英语第三版第二册张汉熙1-6,8课课后答案

Lesson One1.And it is an activity only of humans.And conversation is an activity found only among human beings.2.Conversation is not for making a point.Conversation is not for persuading others to accept our ideas or points of views.3.In fact, the best conversationalists are those who are prepared to lose.In fact , people who are good at conversation will not argue to win or force others to accept his ideas.4.Bar friends are not deeply involved in each other’s lives.People who meet each other for a drink in the bar of a pub are not close friends for they are not deeply absorbed in each other’s private lives.5.....it could still go ignorantly on ...The conversation could go on without anybody knowing who was right or wrong.6.There are cattle in the fields ,but we sit down to beef.These animals are called cattle when they are alive and feed in the fields , but when we sit down at the table to eat, we call their meet beef.7.The new ruling class had built a cultural barrier against him by building their French against his ownlanguage.The new ruling class by using French instead of English made it hard for the English to accept or absorb the culture of the rulers.8.English had come royally into its own.English received proper recognition and was used by the King once more.9.The phrase has always been used a little pejoratively and even facetiously by the lower classes.The phrase , the King’s English ,has always been used disrespectfully and jokingly by the lower classes.(The working people often mock the proper and formal language of the educated people.)10.The rebellion against a cultural dominance is still there.As the early Saxon peasants , the working people still have a spirit of opposition to the cultural authority of the ruling class.11.There is always a great danger that “ words will harden into things for us. “There is always a great danger , as Carlyle put it , that we might forget that words are only symbols and take them for things they are supposed to represent.a.However intricate the ways in which animals communicate with each other, they do not indulge in anythingthat deserves the name of conversation.不管动物之间的交流方式多么复杂，它们不能参与到称得上是交谈的任何活动中。

高级英语练习题含答案(第二册) (8)

Lesson EightThe Worker as Creator or MachineI. Word explanation1. cathedralA. religionB. churchC. templeD. warehouse2. moldA. formB. deformC. handleD. ascend3. lucidlyA. cleverlyB. reliablyC. obscurelyD. clearly4. feverishA. cruelB. savageC. excitedD. rash5. alienateA. allyB. separateC. uniteD. oppose6. devoidA. lackingB. preventingC. avoidingD. damaging7. premiumA. positionB. functionC. resultD. value8. slovenlyA. clean and tidyB. careful and cleanC. careless and untidyD. slow and neat9. frictionA. divisionB. conflictC. connectionD. section10. amassA. spoilB. putrefyC. accumulateD. collapse11. intoxicationA. exhilarationB. extricationC. extinctionD. extraction12. fraudulentA. confusingB. worryingC. trustfulD. deceitful13. cravingA. craftB. desireC. statueD. design14. gadgetA. applianceB. figureC. planD. handtool15. spontaneousA. compulsiveB. forcedC. instinctiveD. submissive16. infuseA. fillB. confuseC. containD. misuse17. asceticismA. aestheticsB. self-denialC. self-criticismD. ascent18. obligationA. responsibilityB. dutyC. burdenD. all the above19. stultifyingA. stupidB. amazingC. not stimulatingD. not dull20. succinctlyA. clearlyB. successfullyC. obviouslyD. continuously21. ornamentA. oral speechB. embellishmentC. algebraic expressionD. irregularity22. templeA. buildingB. religionC. ceremony D worship23. inescapableA. impossibleB. incapableC. inevitableD. ineligible24. emergeA. disappearB. become evidentC. turn awayD. sink down25. cultivationA. tighteningB. close constructionC. compressionD. culture.26. transformationA. a marked changeB. a means of transportationC. a trolley busD. a prominent character27. prosecuteA. turn onB. carry onC. climb onD. take on28. livelihoodA. subsistenceB. habitationC. operationD. liveliness29. modeA. s erviceB. changeC. agencyD. form30. fraudulencyA. frenzyB. deceptionC. excitementD. craze31. momentaryA. transientB. transparentC. transmissiveD. transactional32. substituteA. discomfortB. offendC. replacementD. measurement33. indicateA. intrudeB. opposeC. adviseD. signify34. formulationA. ceremonyB. clear statementC. procedureD. conventional notions35. sufficientA. adequate enoughB. not qualifiedC. unbearably painfulD. tolerable enoughII. Determine the word according to the explanation. The first letter of the word is given:1.extreme happiness; ecstasy b liss2.a grass such as wheat, oats, or corn, the starchy grains of which are used as food. c ereal3.a self-operating machine or mechanism, especially a robot a utomaton4.to come face to face with, especially with defiance or hostility c onfront5.a physician who specializes in the branch of medicine that deals with mental and emotional disorders. p sychiatrist6.a person or group having administrative or managerial authority in an organization e xecutive7.preservation or deliverance from destruction, difficulty, or evil. salvation8.tedious, menial, or unpleasant work d rudgery9.lying beyond what is evident, revealed, or avowed, especially being concealed intentionally so as to deceive u lterior10.situated at, extending to, or coming from a great depth; deep p rofound11.not to one's liking; unpleasant or offensive d isagreeablepulsive preoccupation with a fixed idea or an unwanted feeling or emotion, often accompanied by symptoms of anxiety o bsession13.widely or commonly occurring, existing, accepted, or practiced. P revalent14.ability to perform or produce c apacity15.relating or belonging to the Middle Ages m edieval16.a means by which something is done or caused a gent17.of or relating to an earliest or original stage or state p rimitive18.a three-dimensional form or likeness sculpted, modeled, carved, or cast in material such as stone, clay, wood, or bronze. s tatue19.arising from a natural inclination or impulse and not from external incitement or constraint. s pontaneous20.a prescribed, detailed course of action to be followed regularly; a standard procedure r outineIII. Fill in the blanks with words given below:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- obligation, manipulation, passivity, hostility, spontaneous, receptivity, underlying, formulation, transformation, prosecution, rationalization----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1. In the Chinese history, there were many spontaneous peasant rebellions.2. Their friendship is regarded with suspicion and hostility ___ .3. The ideals of womanhood have been produced by men who desire women to be of _ passivity .4. He has been promoted, for he is a man with ready receptivity to new ideas.5. In the western world, many women resent the reality of male manipulation So they go in for the Women Liberation Movement.6. Deng Xiaoping's formulation on the problem of Hong Kong, Taiwan and Macao is "one country, two systems".7. The underlying theme of the story is very serious and meaningful.8. Belgium replied that she had always been faithful to her international obligation.9. A policeman was injured in the prosecution of his duties.10. The Cultural Revolution caused a transformation in her character.11. He lent an open ear to all those rationalization proposals.IV. True or False:1.According to Fromm, the breakdown of the chains of the feudal societymakes people confident and free; so they feel safe and secure in their profession.F2.According to Mills craftsmanship involves the control of the work processby the individual worker. T3.Work, besides its intrinsic positive aspects, becomes purely and simply amethod to achieve wealth and success. F4.According to Fromm work as duty and as a means for saving one's soulonly existed for those who had only their physical energy to sell.F5.The central theme of this exposition is that in capitalist society the workerfeels estranged from or hostile to the work he is doing.T6.Fromm agrees to the activities of those industrial psychologists, whoseconcerns and the objectives are to increase the productivity of workers. F 7.The businessman hates his competitors, his customers and even himself.He feels excited over his success only for a short time.T8.Fromm thinks bourgeois advertising now appeals more to sexual appeal ofwomen in order to sell their goods than to laziness and passivity.F9.Fromm is attacking the capitalist's increasing attention paid to thepsychology of the worker and to the "human problem of industry." T10.In the capitalist society, worker is simply a machine. Machines can doanything which can't be performed by human being.F11.The task of ‘human engineering’ is to have a better relation with the public.F12.The work the craftsman did in order to make a living did not shape orcharacterize his life as a whole. F13.As medieval society collapsed and capitalism began to develop, the socialpurpose of work underwent a basic change. T14.Fromm’s psychoanalytical approach is not quite clear here in this essay. Infact, Fromm doesn’t sympathize equally with the worker and the capitalist.F15.The relationship of the worker to his work is decided by the whole socialorganization. TV. Translation:1. 社会主义现代化应该有.繁荣的经济，也应该有繁荣的文化。

高英第二册8课

II. Introduction to the Passage
Para 2. Work, instead of being an activity satisfying in itself and pleasurable, became a duty and an obsession.
II. Introduction to the Passage
I.
Background Knowledge
As you can imagine, this news hit the 12 year old Erich hard, and he found himself asking what many of us might ask: why? Later, he began finding some answers -partial ones, admittedly -- in Freud.
Psychoanalysis --- evaluating the psychological reaction of the worker to the working conditions and environment…
II. Introduction to the Passage
Positive view: --- In the process of work man molds and changes himself. --- He emerges from nature by mastering her. --- A profound satisfaction
I. Background Knowledge
1. Background Knowledge
In his autobiography, Beyond the Chains of Illusion, Fromm talks about two events in his early adolescence that started him along his path.

二册第八课

第二册第八课cathedral所选答案：[未给定]正确答案： B. churchmold所选答案：[未给定]正确答案： A. shapelucidly所选答案：[未给定]正确答案： D. clearlyfeverish所选答案：[未给定]正确答案： C. excitedalienate所选答案：[未给定]正确答案： B. separatedevoid所选答案：[未给定]正确答案： A. lackingpremium所选答案：[未给定] 正确答案： D. valueslovenly所选答案：[未给定]正确答案： C. careless and untidyfriction所选答案：[未给定]正确答案： B. conflictamass所选答案：[未给定]正确答案： C. accumulateintoxicatio所选答案：[未给定]正确答案： A. exhilarationfraudulent所选答案：[未给定]正确答案： D. deceitfulcraving所选答案： C. statue正确答案： B. desiregadget所选答案：[未给定]正确答案： A. appliance问题15得0 分，满分1 分spontaneous所选答案：[未给定]正确答案： C. instinctive问题16得0 分，满分1 分 infuse所选答案：[未给定]正确答案： A. fill问题17得0 分，满分1 分asceticism所选答案：[未给定]正确答案： B. self-denialobligation所选答案：[未给定]正确答案： D. all the abovestultifying所选答案：[未给定]正确答案： C. not stimulatingsuccinctly所选答案：[未给定]正确答案： A. clearlyornament所选答案：[未给定]正确答案： B. embellishmenttemple所选答案：[未给定]正确答案： A. buildinginescapable所选答案：[未给定]正确答案： C. inevitableemerge所选答案：[未给定]正确答案： B. become evident问题25得0 分，满分1 分cultivation所选答案：[未给定]正确答案： D. culture问题26得0 分，满分1 分transformation所选答案：[未给定]正确答案： A. a marked change问题27得0 分，满分1 分prosecute所选答案：[未给定]正确答案： B. carry onlivelihood所选答案：[未给定]正确答案： A. subsistencemode所选答案：[未给定]正确答案： D. wayfraudulency所选答案：[未给定]正确答案： B.deception momentary所选答案：[未给定]正确答案： C. transientsubstitute所选答案：[未给定]正确答案： C. replacementindicate所选答案：[未给定]正确答案： D. signifyformulation正确答案： B. clear statementsufficient所选答案：[未给定]正确答案： A. adequate enoughFill in the blanks with words given below:--------------------------------------------------------------------------------obligation, manipulation, passivity, hostility, spontaneous, receptivity, underlying, formulation, transformation, prosecution--------------------------------------------------------------------------------1. In the Chinese history, there were many[01]peasant rebellions.2. Their friendship is regarded with suspicion and[02]3. The ideals of womanhood have been produced by men who desire women to beof[03].4. He has been promoted, for he is a man with ready[04]to new ideas.5. In the western world, many women resent the reality of male [05]So they go in for the Women Liberation Movement.6. Deng Xiaoping's[06]on the problem of Hong Kong, Taiwan and Macao is "one country, two systems".7. The [07]theme of the story is very serious and meaningful.8. Belgium replied that she had always been faithful to her international[08]9. A policeman was injured in the [09]of his duties.10. The Cultural Revolution caused a[10]in her character.01 的指定答案： [未给定]02 的指定答案： [未给定]03 的指定答案： [未给定]04 的指定答案： [未给定]05 的指定答案： [未给定]06 的指定答案： [未给定]07 的指定答案： [未给定]08 的指定答案： [未给定]09 的指定答案： [未给定]01 的正确答案： spontaneous02 的正确答案： hostility03 的正确答案： passivity04 的正确答案： receptivity05 的正确答案： manipulation06 的正确答案： formulation07 的正确答案： underlying08 的正确答案： obligation09 的正确答案： prosecution10 的正确答案： transformationextreme happiness; ecstasy b___所选答案：[未给定]正确答案：blissa grass such as wheat, oats, or corn, the starchy grains of which aree used as food c___所选答案：[未给定]正确答案：cereala self-operating machine or mechanism, especially a robot a_______所选答案：[未给定]正确答案：automatonto come face to face with, especially with defiance or hostility c_____所选答案：[未给定]正确答案：confronta person or group having administrative or managerial authority in an organization e______所选答案：[未给定] 正确答案：executivepreservation or deliverance from destruction, difficulty, or evil. s____所选答案：[未给定]正确答案：salvationa physician who specializes in the branch of medicine that deals with mental andemotional disorders. p______所选答案：[未给定]正确答案：psychiatrist问题44得0 分，满分1 分tedious, menial, or unpleasant work d____所选答案：[未给定]正确答案：drudgerylying beyond what is evident, revealed, or avowed, especially being concealedintentionally so as to deceive u______所选答案：[未给定]正确答案：ulteriorsituated at, extending to, or coming from a great depth; deep p____所选答案：[未给定]正确答案：profound问题47得0 分，满分1 分not to one's liking; unpleasant or offensive d_____所选答案：[未给定]正确答案：disagreeablecompulsive preoccupation with a fixed idea or an unwanted feeling or emotion, oftenaccompanied by symptoms of anxiety o____所选答案：[未给定] 正确答案：obsessionwidely or commonly occurring, existing, accepted, or practiced. p_______所选答案：[未给定]正确答案：prevalentability to perform or produce c_____所选答案：[未给定]正确答案：capacityrelating or belonging to the Middle Ages m_____所选答案：[未给定]正确答案：medievala means by which something is done or caused a____所选答案：[未给定]正确答案：agentof or relating to an earliest or original stage or state p_____所选答案：[未给定]正确答案：primitivea three-dimensional form or likeness sculpted, modeled, carved, or cast in material such as stone, clay, wood, or bronze. s_______所选答案：[未给定]正确答案：statuea prescribed, detailed course of action to be followed regularly; a standard procedure r ___所选答案：[未给定] 正确答案：routinearising from a natural inclination or impulse and not from external incitement or constraint. s____所选答案：[未给定]正确答案：spontaneousAccording to Fromm, the breakdown of the chains of the feudal society makes people confident and free; so they feel safe and secure in their profession.所选答案：[未给定]正确答案：错According to Mills craftsmanship involves the control of the work process by the individual worker.所选答案：[未给定]正确答案：对Work, besides its intrinsic positive aspects, becomes purely and simply a method to achieve wealth and success.所选答案：[未给定]正确答案：错According to Fromm work as duty and as a means for saving one's soul only existed for those who had only their physical energy to sell.所选答案：[未给定]正确答案：错The central theme of this exposition is that in capitalist society the worker feels estranged from or hostile to the work he is doing.所选答案：[未给定] 正确答案：对Fromm agrees to the activities of those industrial psychologists, whose concerns and the objectives are to increase the productivity of workers.所选答案：[未给定]正确答案：错The task of "human engineering" is to have a better relation with the public.所选答案：[未给定]正确答案：错The businessman hates his competitors, his customers and even himself. He feels excited over his success only for a short time.所选答案：[未给定]正确答案：对Fromm thinks bourgeois advertising now appeals more to sexual appeal of women in order to sell their goods than to laziness and passivity.所选答案：[未给定]正确答案：错Fromm is attacking the capitalist's increasing attention paid to the psychology of the worker and to the 'human problem of industry.'所选答案：[未给定]正确答案：对In the capitalist society, worker is simply a machine. Machines can do anything which can't be performed by human being.所选答案：[未给定]正确答案：错The work the craftsman did in order to make a living did not shape or characterize his life as whole.所选答案：[未给定]正确答案：错As medieval society collapsed and capitalism began to develop, the social purpose of work underwent a basic change.所选答案：[未给定]正确答案：对Fromm's psychoanalytical approach is not quite clear here this essay. In fact, Fromm doesnot sympathize equally with the worker and the capitalist.所选答案：[未给定]正确答案：错The relationship of the worker to his work is decided by the whole social organization.所选答案：[未给定]正确答案：对。