高级书面表达指导之一

高级英语书面表达指导之一------------------------------------------------一、熟练掌握英语基本句型和常用句型句子是文章的基本单位，只有熟练地掌握了基本句型及常用句型，你才能灵活自如地进行书面表达，因此，高三复习阶段，基本句型及常用句型的训练仍是写作训练的重点，学生尤其应多做些一句多译的练习。

基本句型有五种：（1）主语十系动词十表语（2）主语十谓语（十状语）（3）主语十谓语十宾语（4）主语十谓语十间接宾语十直接宾语（5）主语十谓语十宾语十宾语补足语。

现将基本句型及常用句型分述如下：句型一：主语十系动词十表语表语可以用名词、形容词、介词短语、－ing形式、不定式、过去分词、副词和从句等充当。

例：1.The meeting is very successful．会议很成功。

2.The meeting is quite a success．会议很成功。

3.Mary is afraid of snakes．玛丽怕蛇。

4.I am sure that he will succeed in the future．我相信将来他会成功。

5.The film is interesting．这电影很有趣。

6.What’s on the weekend？这周末上映什么？7.The reason why he came late was that he didn’t catch the early bus．他来晚的原因是他没赶上早班车。

8.My dream came true at last．我的梦想终于实现了。

句型二：主语十谓语十状语在这个句型中，谓语由不及物动词和相当于不及物动词的短语来充当。

状语可由副词、形容词、名词、介词短语、不定式、－ing形式、过去分词或with的复合结构来充当。

例：1.She dances beautifully．她舞姿很美。

2.Peter lay in bed ,deep in thought . 彼得躺在床上，陷入沉思。

3.He returned to collect money．他回来取钱。

4.He sat by the fire，reading a novel．他坐在炉火旁，读着一本小说。

5.He came into the room with a book in his hand . 他手中拿着一本书，走进房间。

6.Here must be something wrong with the machine . 机器一定出毛病了。

7.There stands a tower on the top of the hill . 在山顶上耸立着一座塔。

句型三：主语+谓语+宾语此句型中谓语用及物动词或相当于及物动词的动词短语来充当。

宾语可由名词、代词、-ing 形式、不定式或从句担当。

1.He plays basketball very well . 他打篮球非常棒。

2.Have you heard from her lately ? 最近你收到她的来信了吗？3.I am looking forward to the day when Taiwan returns to China .我一直盼望着台湾回归的那一天。

4.I don’t mind your opening the window . 你打开窗户我不介意。

5.I didn’t mean to hurt you . 我无意伤害你。

6.Please find out when the meeting will begin . 请弄清会议什么时候开始。

句型四：主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语间接宾语由名词或代词担当，直接宾语可以由名词、从句、疑问词+不定式来充当。

例：1.Remember to write us a note when you get there . 到那里时，记住给我们写封短信来。

2.I’ll ask him why he didn’t attend the meeting . 我问他为什么没来参加会议。

3.Would you teach us how to drive a car？你愿意教我们如何开车吗？4.Please tell me what to do next . 请告诉我下一步做什么。

句型五：主语十谓语十宾语十宾语补足语宾话由名词或代词充当。

宾语补足语由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、－ing形式、过去分词或不定式来充当。

例：l.We made him captain of the ship . 我们选他当船长。

2.We must keep the room clean . 我们必须保持房间的清洁。

3.We all expect you back early . 我们都盼着你早点回来。

4.We found everything there in good order．我们发现那儿的一切井然有序。

5.I saw a girl crying in the corner．我看见有个女孩在角落里哭。

6.What makes you think so？什么使你这样想？常用句型：1.be worth doing 值得做……2.be busy doing忙着做……3.too---to do 太……而不能徽…··4.so＋adj./ ad. as to do 如此……以致于做5 It takes sb. some time to do sth. 花某人……时间做某事6. sb. spends some time doing sth．某人花……时间做某事7. It is＋adj．＋for sb.to do sth．某人做某事是……8. It’s up to sb. to do sth．应由某人做某事9. sb.have some difficulty／trouble in doing sth．某人做某事很费劲10.The more ---the more…越……越……11.It’s no good／use doing sth．做某事没好处／用处。

12.sb.can do nothing but do sth.=have no choice but to do 别无他法，只能做某事13.There be / lie stand / live--- 有------ 14.be about to do sth. when--- 正要做某事这时---- 15.It was not long before --- 不久就------It will not be long before--- 要不了多久就------16.It is +一段时间+ since --- 自从------以来，有------时间了17.It is said that --- 据说------ 18.not ---until / till --- 直到------才19.祈使句+and / or +分句（将来时）20.主语+find / consider /think +it +形容词或名词+不定式21.so +adj./ adv.+that --- 如此------以致于such +n. +that ---22. Why not do sth. ? 为什么不做……呢？Why do sth. ？为何做-------？23.主语十hit／strike／beat／touch／grasp／seize／catch…＋sb．十介词十the十表示身体部位的名词。

24.It’s time to do sth. / It’s time +sb. did sth. 到做某事的时间了25.sb.devote oneself／one’s life to sth.／doing．致力于做某事26.It happened that…／sb. happened to do sth．碰巧------27. It is／was十被强调部分十that／who…28.I don’t think／believe／suppose／expect that 从句（否定前移）29.would like to do 愿做某事/ feel like doing 想做某事had better（not）do sth. 最好（不）做某事/ would rather do 宁愿做……30.There is no need to do sth．没必要做……31.主语十have no idea十从句不知道……32.I doubt whether十从句我怀疑……I don’t doubt that十从句我不怀疑……33. no matter when／where／what／who／whether／how十从句十主句无论……34.what／who／where／when．．do you think…你认为什么／谁/ 哪里……35 used to do 过去常做某事/ be used to doing 习惯于做某事/ be used to do sth.as soon as…36．the moment--- 一------就--------immediately---37. no sooner…than ／hardly…when —……就……38．It is possible / probable／likely that…可能……39. Do you mind if I do？／Would you mind if I did？我做某事你介意吗？40. wish sb．＋n. ／adj．祝愿某人------二、注意以下过渡词的用法1．表示时间的af first（起初）next（接下来）then（然后）later（后来）soon（不久）soon／shortly after（……之后不久）finally（最后）in the end（最后）eventually（最终）at last（终于）lately（近来）recently（最近）since then（自从那时起）after that（从那以后）in no time（不一会儿）after a while（一会儿）afterward（后来）to begin／start with=in the first place（首先，第一点）immediately（立即、马上）meanwhile=in the meantime＝at the same time （当其时）until now（直到现在）suddenly=all of a sudden（突然）as a young man（当……是个年轻人的时候）at the age of…（在------岁的时候）as early as（早在……的时候）as soon as（—……就……）before，the other day（几天前）early in the morning （大清早）after／before dark（天黑后／前）one day（有一天）one afternoon（一天下午）one morning （一天早晨）2表示空间的to the right／left（朝右／左）on the right／left（在右／左边）in the middle of（在中间）in front of（在前面）in the front of（在前面）at the back of（在后面）at the bottom of（在底部）on the edge of（在……的边上）on top of（在……的顶部）opposite to（与----相对）close to（靠近）near to（在……附近）next to（与……相邻）under（垂直在下）over（垂直在上）below（在下方）above（在上方）across（在……的另一边）around（在周围）behind（在后）before（在前）against（靠着、抵着）further on（再往前）3.表示列举和时序first ，second , third , ----finally firstly，secondly，thirdly …finallyfirst of all , next ,and then , lastly for one thing… for another…at the same time at first at last4.表示列举for example（例如…）namely（即…·）for instance（例如：……）that is (to say) （也就是说）such as（如…·）take…for example （拿……来说）like（像……）5表示比较或对比like（像）unlike（不像）similarly（同样地）in the same way（以相同的方式）compared to （与…··相比）while（而）still =nevertheless（然而）on the contrary（正相反）different from（与……不同）on（the）one hand…on the other hand（一方面……另一方面）in contrast with与……成对比）6.表示增补and（而且）both---and（不但……而且）not only---but also （不但……而且）as well as（不但……而且）also=besides=furthermore=more over（此外、而且、再者）in addition（并且）apart from（除了—…·之外）what’s more （而且、加之、更重要的）for another（另一方面）worse still=what’s worse=to make matter worse（更糟糕的是）including ( 包括）7.表示因果because（因为）since（既然）as（由于）now that（既然）therefore（因此）thus （这样）so（所以）as a result (of) （结果）because of =on account of （因为）= thanks to（多亏、由于）for this reason（由于这个原因）if so （如果这样）if not（如果不是这样）8.表示目的for this purpose in order to do so as to do so that…in order that．、．9．表示让步though／although no matter十疑问词in spite of whatever／however／whoever even if／even though10．表示强调besides（况且）what’s more（更重要地是）thus（这样）above all （首先）indeed（的确）in fact =as a matter of fact （事实上）in other words（换句话说）in that case (那样的话) or rather (更确切地说）particularly（特别地）11．表示转折but（但是）still （然而）however（然而）while (而）12．表示总结in a / one word（简言之、一句话、总之）generally speaking（一般说来）in short=in brief =in a few words (简言之) in conclusion =lastly (最后地）on the whole=taking everything into consideration (从总体来看、大体上）so（所以）therefore（因此）thus （这样）as has been mentioned （正如所提到的）it is quite clear that （很显然）there is no doubt that（毫无疑问）it is well-known that (大家都知道）as we all know＝as is known to us all（大家都知道）as / so far as I know (据我所知）to sum up=to summarize=in summary (总之）13．表示转换话题by the way（顺便说）I am afraid （我恐怕）in my opinion （依我看来）to tell the truth（说实话）to be honest（诚实地说）in fact （事实上）。