定语从句中关系代词的省略与保留

定语从句中关系代词的省略与保留
定语从句中关系代词的省略与保留

定语从句中关系代词的省略与保留

定语从句中关系代词的省略与保留的几种情况

我们知道,关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时可以省略,但也有几种特殊情况,关系代词不用作宾语也可以省略,同学们学习和使用时请注意。

在下列情况下,引导宾语从句的关联词可以省略。

一、that在定语从句中作表语时。例如:

She is all (that) a teacher should be. 她具备一个老师应该具备的所有条件。

二、that在从句中作补语时。例如:

I'm not the fool(that) you thought me. 我不是你以前所认为的那个傻子了。

He is the nicest teacher (that) the students consider him in their school. 他就是学生认为学校中最好的那个老师。

三、作状语时的省略。

1. 当先行词是reason,且在定语从句中作原因状语时,可以用关系副词why或关系代词that,也可以省略。例如:

The reason (why/that) he failed was his laziness. 他失败的原因是因为他懒惰。

That is the reason I did it. 那就是我做那件事的原因。

2. 当先行词是way,且在定语从句中作方式状语时,关联词可用in which或that,也可以省略。例如:

The way(in which/ that) these comrades look at problems is wrong.这些同志看待问题的方式是错误的。

That was the way(in which / that) she worked the problem out. 她就是用那种办法解决问题的。

3. 当先行词是time时,关联词可用when, that或省略。例如:

The second time (that) I saw him was in 2000. 我第二次见到他是在2000年。

I don't know the exact time (when/ that) the sports meeting will take place. 我不知道运动会举办的确切时间。

4.当先行词是place时,关联词可用where,that或省略。例如:

The place(where/ that) we will have our picnic is not decided yet. 我们举行野餐的地点还没定下来。

This is the right place he was born.这儿就是他的出生地。(注意:句末不可用介词in)

同学们往往认为关系代词作宾语时就一定可以省略,其实不然.在下列四种情况下,关系代词虽作宾语,却不能省略。

一、在介词+whom /which结构中, whom, which不能省略。例如:

Do you know any shops nearby in which I can buy flowers?你知道附近有可以买到花的商店吗?

That is the headmaster with whom my father was talking just now.刚才和我爸爸交谈的那个人

是校长。

二、在非限制性定语从句中,作宾语的关系代词也不能省略。例如:

Mr Green, whom you know, is the tallest in our school. 格林先生是我们学校里最高的,你也认

识他。

The elephant is like a spear, as anyone can see. 大象像长矛,任何人都知道。

三、在the same ... as, such ... as, as ... as, the same... that结构中, as, that 即使作宾语,也不能省略。例如:

I have bought the same bike as you (have). (指同类用as)我买了一辆和你的一样的自行车。

This is the same book that I read the day before yesterday. 这就是我前天读过的那本书。(关系代词that如要换成as, 则指与我读的书一样,而不是同一本。)

四、当and, but, or等连词连接两个或两个以上的定语从句修饰一个先行词时,关系代词第一个可省略,第二、第三个等不可省略。例如:

This is the book (which) I read yesterday and which I found very interesting. 这就是我昨

天读的那本书,它很有趣。

You have many people around you (whom) you always turn to and whom you will never forget.你身边有很多人,你经常向他们求助,你永远不要忘记他们。

定语从句中介词加关系代词的用法

“介词+关系词”的用法 1、关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语时,介词常可以提前,但介词提前时,关系代词只能用which 或whom。 如:The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous. →The school in which he once studied is very famous. Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine (that/which) you asked for. →Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for which you asked. We'll go to hear the famous singer (whom/that/who) we have often talked about. →We'll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked. 2、关系副词when, where, why 和介词+which之间的关系。 关系副词when, where, why可以用适当的介词+which来替代。介词的位置非常灵活,有时放在关系代词之前,有时放在动词之后。如:when=in/on/at…+which, where=in/on/at…+which, why=for+which 如:I won’t forget the date when( on which) I was born. This is the room where (in which) I lived. = This is the room which I lived in. I don’t know the reason why (for which) he hasn’t come today. Tom still remembers the days when (in which) they lived in Tianjin. 注意: 1). 含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用,如:look for, look after, take care of等 如:This is the watch which/that I am looking for. (√)This is the watch for which I am looking. (F) 2). 若介词放在关系代词前,关系代词指人时用whom,不可用who或者that;指物时用which,不能用that;关系代词是所有格时用whose 如:The man with whom you talked is my friend. (√)The man who/that you talked with is my friend. (F) The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable. (√) The plane in that we flew in to Canada is very comfortable. (F) 3).“介词+关系代词”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代词或者数词如:He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him. In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad. There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities. 4). 把握“介词+关系代词”结构中介词的选用 介词的选择与主句中先行词的搭配密切相关。

that关系代词用法-定语从句

that常用作关系代词,可指代某人,也可指代某物,指物时有的时候可用which替换that,指人时可用who替换。但在下列情况下,一般用that。 一、that指代某物事时 1.先行词为all, few, little, much, the one, something, anything, everything, nothing等时。如: 2. 先行词被all, every, no, some, any, (a)few, (a)little, much等限定词修饰时。如: 3. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。如: 4. 先行词被the only, the very, the right, the last 等修饰时。如: 5. 先行词是并列结构,既有人又有物时。如: 6. 先行词前有the same 修饰,表示和先行词是同一物时。如: 注:如果表示的是与先行词同一类或相似的某物,则用the same…as….如: 7. 先行词为数词时。

8. 如果which引导的定语从句中又含有一个定语从句,为避免重复,第二个定语从句用that。如: 9. 以which作主语开头的特殊问句,为了避免重复,定语从句用that。如。 10. 关系代词在定语从句中作表语时,而且通常省略。如: 11. 关系代词在there be 句型中作主语时,而且常可以省略。如: 二、that 指代某人时。 1. 泛指某人时。如: 2. 主句是以作主语的who开头的特殊问句,为了避免重复时。如: 3. 先行词前有the same时。如: 4. 关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。如: 另外,that也可用作关系副词,表示时间、地点、原因和方式,在口语中可以用来代替when, where, why 引导的定语从句。在以下名词day, year, time, moment, reason, place等作先行词时,可用that作关系副词引导定语从句。如:

定语从句之关系代词

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that)。如: That was the year (that) I first went abroad. 就是那一年我第一次出国了。 I’ll never forget the day (that) we met. 我永远也忘不了我们见面的那一天。 五、关系副词where的省略 用作地点状语的关系副词where通常不能省略,但有一种特殊情况,即用于place, somewhere, anywhere, everywhere, nowhere少数几个词后时可以省略(也可换成that)。如: This is the place (where) they met yesterday. 这就是他们昨天碰头的地方。 Have you somewhere (that) I can lie down for an hour? 你有没有一个什么地方可以让我躺一个小时? 六、关系副词why的省略 关系副词why通常只用于the reason后引导定语从句,且通常可换成that或for which,均可省略。如: That’s the reason (why, for which, that) he came. 这就是他来的原因。 Give me one reason (why) we should help you. 给我举出一个我们应当帮助你的理由

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初中英语定语从句关系代词和关系副词精讲精练

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具体使用时还要注意下列问题:,只能使用,不用的情况: () 先行词是, , , , , 等不定代词时。例如:. (2)先行词被, , , ,等词修饰时。例如:. (3)先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。例如:() . (4)先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词。() . (5)先行词既包括人又包括物时。例如:. ,只用不用的情况: () 非限制性定语从句中,不能用关系代词,作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。 例如:. . 非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明,通常是引导词和先行词之间用逗号隔开,将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立 , , . 查理·史密斯去年退休了,他曾经是我的老师。(非限) 这里有人要和你说话(限制性) () 还有一种特殊用法,它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句,代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中,可以作主语,也可以作宾语或表语,多数情况下意思是与相似,并可以指人。例如: , . () 如果作先作词的集体名词着眼于集体的整体,关系代词用;若是指集体中的各个成员,则用。 . 通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语 () . () . 指物时,常用以下结构来代替

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表三:只用that不用which的情况(先行词是物) 表四:关于as引导的定语从句 2.有时候当先行词是表示时间、地点的词时,却不用when/where而用that/which引导。这时要根据从句的谓语动词是及物的还是不及物的。如果是及物的就可用that(which),否则可用where。 例如:I will remember the days that/which we spent together. 我会永远记住我们一起度过的日子。

This is the factory that/which you visited yesterday. 这就足你昨天参观的工厂。 3.way作先行词时,关系代词的使用: I don’t like the way(that/in which)he treats his parents. 我不喜欢他对待父母的方式。 4. that引导定语从句与名词性从句的不同: The news that he told us is true.(定语从句) 他告诉我们的新闻是真的。 The news that our team has won is encouraging.(同位语从句) 我们队胜利的消息真令人振奋。 That he has won the first prize surprised everybody.(主语从句) 他获得一等奖的消息令每一个人都惊奇了。 My idea is that you shut the factory.(表语从句) 我的观点就是你应该关闭这家工厂。 He said that he was going to leave.(宾语从句) 他说他打算离开这里。

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英语语法:定语从句六个关系代词 关系代词有六个,听我逐一来说破; 六个关系代词是:that/which/ who/ whom/ whose/ as ,注意关系代词在定语从句中做主宾表定语。 which表物人用who,人物都有that顾; 先行词是物,关系代词用which,也能够用that;先行词是人,关系代词用who,也能够用that;先行词中既有人,又有物,关系代词只能用that。 例句 1) This is the mountain village (which/ that ) I visited last year. 这就是我去年参观的那个山村。 解析:先行词mountain village是物,可用which或that, 因为定语从句中visit后缺宾语,说明which或that应该在定从中做宾语,所以还能够省略。 例句 2)The man(that/whom / who ) you met just now is my friend. 你刚刚见到的那个人是我的朋友。 解析:先行词man表人,关系词能够用who/that/whom,因为定语从句中缺宾语,关系代词应该在定语从句中做宾语,所以能够省略;另外,whom是专门用来做宾语用的,而who则仅仅在口语中才用。 例句 3)This magazine belongs to the teacher who(that) teaches us history. 这本杂志是我们历史老师的。

解析:先行词teacher是人,关系代词用who或that, 因为在定语从句中做主语,所以不能省略。 例句 4)He talked about the teachers and schools (that) he had visited. 他谈到了他所见到的老师和学校。 解析:先行词 the teachers and schools 中既有人又有物,关系代 词只能用 that, 又因为that在定语从句中做宾语,所以又能够省略。 which用在逗号后,意表前句你要know; 这是which用在非限制性定语从句中的一个用法。 例句1)He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思,这使我心烦。 解析:which是关系代词,指代前面的一句话:他似乎没抓住我的意思。 例句2)Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽,这就叫做蒸发。 解析:which是关系代词,指代前面的一句话:液态水变为蒸汽。 who做主语很称职,whom用到宾语里; 先行词是表示人的词,定语从句中如果缺主语,要用who做关系代词,如果缺宾语,正规场合下用whom, 口语中也能够用who。 例句 1)He is the boy who often goes to school late. 他就是那个经常上学迟到的男生。

定语从句之关系代词讲解(一)

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定语从句关系代词的具体用法

锐思教育学科教师辅导教案 辅导科目: 英语学员姓名:年级: 学科教师:韩海霞课时数:第次课 授课主题定语从句中关系代词的具体用法 1,复习定语从句的基本结构和关系词的用法 教学目标 2,掌握定语从句中关系代词的具体用法 授课日期及时段 教学内容 一,导入 复习上节课的学习的定语从句的基本内容,关系词的选择以及做题方法。 1,定语从句的基本结构:先行词+关系词+定语从句(关系代词一般位于定语从句的句首) 2,关系词可以分为关系副词和关系代词: 关系副词共有三个,在定语从句中作状语。when 表示时间,在定语从句作时间状语;where 表示地点,在从句中作地点状语;why 表示原因,在定语从句中作原因状语,其先行词只有表示原因的reason 一词。 关系代词that 、which 、who 、whom 、whose 、as 的具体用法 人物主语宾语that √√√√ which ×√√√ who √×√√ whom √××√ whose 只能在从句中作定语,可以指人也可以指物。As 用在一些特定的结构中,as you know 3,选用关系词的做题方法,一“找”,二“还”,三“替换”。 一“找”:就是先把句子分为主句和从句两部分,再找出先行词和关系词。 二“还”:根据先行词提示的意思,大胆地把定语从句还原为完整的一句话。(可以添词) 三“替换”:用关系词替换定语从句中还原后添加的部分,作主语和宾语用关系代词,作状语用

关系副词。(时间状语用when ,地点状语用where, 原因状语用why ) 练习: 1,【2014 湖南】I am looking forward to the day C my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her. A. as B. why C. when D. where 2,【2011 陕西】I walked up to the top of the hill with my friend, B we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake. A. which B. where C. who D. that 3,【2013 山东】Finally he reached a lonely island C was completely cut off from the outside world. A. when B. where C. which D. whom 二,关系词只能有that 的情况(关系副词不受以下规则影响) 考点一:先行词是anything, something, nothing, everything 等不定代词时 1,He never reads anything is not worth reading. A. which B. as C. who D. that 2【,2010 全国2】I refuse to accept the blame for something was someone else ’s fault. A. who B. that C. as D. what 考点二:先行词是all, much ,l ittle, none 或先行词被all, much, little, no, any 修饰时 3,【2014 陕西】Please send us all the information you have about the candidate for the position. A. that B. which C. as D. what 4,You can take any seat is free. A. that B. / C. which D. it 考点三:先行词被序数词的最高级以及the first, the last, the very, the only, the same 修饰时5,The most important thing D we should pay attention to is the first thing I have said. A. which; that B. that; which C. which; which D. that; that 6,It’s the third time C late this month.

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