材料科技与工程专业英语部分复习资料
材料科学与工程专业英语06-unit08
翻译: 包埋过程 包埋过程是在较低温度下(约750℃)进行 的. 相关的组分被装进装有混合粉末(一种活性 涂层材料, 含有铝, 催化剂(氯或者氟化物), 和 热压载, 如氧化铝)的箱子里. 高温下气态的氯 化铝或氟化铝可以从超耐热合金内部转移到表 面. 反应过程结束之后, 即得到所谓的“绿色 涂料”, 但这种涂料因其非常薄而且易碎, 所以 不可以直接使用. “绿色涂料”经过随后的扩 散热处理（在1080温度℃热处理几个小时） 后导致其内部发生进一步的扩散，最终形成理 想的涂层。
Discussion
What are superalloys ? For examples. Where have superalloys been used ? Give some applications. Discuss the future of superalloys .
练习题2. Translate the following into Chinese
。
The historical development in superalloy processing have brought about considerable increases in superalloy operating temperatures. 随着高温合金加工技术的发展使得高温合金的操 作温度获得了相当的提升。 Single-crystal superalloys ( SC superalloys ) are formed as a single crystal using a modified version of the directional solidification technique, so there are no grain boundaries in the material. 单晶高温合金（SC高温合金）是利用改进后的 定向凝固技术合成的单晶，因此材料中不存在晶 界。 源自
材料科学与工程基础知识点(打印版)英汉双语版
Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering材料科学与工程基础知识点复习第一章绪论一、学习目的：材料科学家或工程技术人员经常遇到的问题是设计问题，而设计问题主要涉及机械、民用、化学和电。
而这些领域都要涉及到选择材料问题。
如何选择材料是非常重要的，选材包含两方面一个是满足性能要求，另一方面是成本低，即所谓“合理选材”。
材料的性能与其成分和内部的组织结构密切相关，材料的组织结构与加工过程有关。
本课程的目的就在于掌握加工过程和材料的组织结构以及性能之间的关系。
为今后进行材料设计和合理选材打下理论基础。
二、本章主要内容1、简介材料的发展史2、材料科学与工程的含义和内容3、材料的分类4、先进材料5、现代材料的需求三、重要术语和概念metal: 金属ceramic: 陶瓷polymer: 聚合物Composites: 复合材料Semiconductors: 半导体Biomaterials: 生物材料Processing: 加工过程Structure: 组织结构Properties: 性质Performance: 使用性能Mechanical properties: 力学性能Electrical properties: 电性能Thermal behavior: 热性能Magnetic properties: 磁性能Optical properties: 光性能Deteriorative characteristics: 老化特性第二章原子结构与化学键一、学习目的我们在自然界中观察到各种现象，归根结底是物质的不同表现形式，也就是说物质构成了世界。
自然界中所有物体均由化学元素及其化合物所组成，同样，各种固体材料也都是由一种或多种元素的原子结合而成的。
学习物质的原子结构和化学键合，是认识和研究各类材料在结构与性能方面所表现出来的个性和共性的基础，也是正确认识和理解材料的性能的重要依据。
材料科学与工程专业英语
adhesive［胶］allotropic［同素异形的amorphous［无定形的，非晶的anion［负离子］apuy［适当地］austenite［奥氏体］bainte「贝氏体binary isomorphous system［二元匀晶系统］Burgers vector［柏氏矢量］cadmium［镉］canon［正离子］carbide［碳化物Cast Iron［铸铁cementite［渗碳体］ceramic［陶瓷］chloride［氯chromium［铬］composite materials［复合材料cordinate system［坐标系统covalent bond［共价键crystal structure［晶体结构］crystallinity［结晶度ddiy［塑性deteriorative［劣化］dislocation［位错］edge dislocation［刃形位错］equilibrium［平衡］eutectic［共晶的eutectoid［共析的ferrite［铁素体fractional［分数的，部分的，相对的gain［晶粒grain boundary［晶界hase［相hexagonal dose－packed［密排六方的hexagonal［六方的］hypereutectoid［过共析hypoeutectoid［亚共析ion［硅Ionic Dond［离子键］isotherm［等温线lamellae［薄片］lattice［空间点阵，晶格］lever law［杠杆定律liquidus line［液相线martensite［马氏体］martensitic transformation［马氏体相变metallic bond［金属键］microstucture［显微组织monoclinic［单斜的nickel［镍nitride［氮化物］non－crystalline［非晶的］orthorhombic［正交的］parentheses［括孤］pearlite［珠光体periodic table［元素周期表phase diagram［相图］」phase transformation［相交］」point defect［点缺陷］polarize［极化polyethylene［聚乙烯polymerization［聚合］prism［棱镜］proeutectoid［先共析体provoke［诱发］reciprocal［倒数recrystallization［再结晶rhombohedral［菱方的screw dislocation［螺形位错］skew［歪斜］smal－（or low）angle grain boundary［小角度晶界sodium［钠solar cell ［太阳能电池］solid solution strengthening［固溶强化solidus line［固相线solute［溶质solvus line［溶解度曲线spiral［螺旋形的］stifness［刚度］strucure［组织］synthesis［合成tetragonal［四方的tetrahedron［四面体thermoplastics［热塑性塑料］thermosets［热固性塑料tie linc［连接线］tilt boundary［倾侧晶界］translucent［半透明的］triclinic［三斜的troley［石油twin boundary［李晶界unit cell［晶胞vacancy［空位valence electron［价电子］Van de Waals bond［范德华键①材料科学是研究材料的加工、组织、性能和功能之间关系的科学。
材料科学与工程专业英语第三版-翻译以及答案.doc
材料科学与工程专业英语第三版-翻译以及答案UNIT 1一、材料根深蒂固于我们生活的程度可能远远的超过了我们的想象，交通、装修、制衣、通信、娱乐(recreation)和食品生产，事实上(virtually)，我们生活中的方方面面或多或少受到了材料的影响。
历史上，社会的发展和进步和生产材料的能力以及操纵材料来实现他们的需求密切(intimately)相关，事实上，早期的文明就是通过材料发展的能力来命名的(石器时代、青铜时代、铁器时代)。
二、早期的人类仅仅使用(access)了非常有限数量的材料，比如自然的石头、木头、粘土(clay)、兽皮等等。
随着时间的发展，通过使用技术来生产获得的材料比自然的材料具有更加优秀的性能。
这些性材料包括了陶瓷(pottery)以及各种各样的金属，而且他们还发现通过添加其他物质和改变加热温度可以改变材料的性能。
此时，材料的应用(utilization)完全就是一个选择的过程，也就是说，在一系列有限的材料中，根据材料的优点来选择最合适的材料，直到最近的时间内，科学家才理解了材料的基本结构以及它们的性能的关系。
在过去的100年间对这些知识的获得，使对材料性质的研究变得非常时髦起来。
因此，为了满足我们现代而且复杂的社会，成千上万具有不同性质的材料被研发出来，包括了金属、塑料、玻璃和纤维。
三、由于很多新的技术的发展，使我们获得了合适的材料并且使得我们的存在变得更为舒适。
对一种材料性质的理解的进步往往是技术的发展的先兆，例如:如果没有合适并且没有不昂贵的钢材，或者没有其他可以替代(substitute)的东西，汽车就不可能被生产，在现代、复杂的(sophisticated)电子设备依赖于半导体(semiconducting)材料四、有时，将材料科学与工程划分为材料科学和材料工程这两个副学科(subdiscipline)是非常有用的，严格的来说，材料科学是研究材料的性能以及结构的关系，与此相反，材料工程则是基于材料结构和性能的关系，来设计和生产具有预定性能的材料，基于预期的性能。
材料专业英语必背词汇汇总
材料专业英语必背词汇汇总Chapter 1Materials science and engineering is a field that deals with the study of ___ or structure。
Some of the common categories of materials include metallic。
nonmetallic。
composite。
and ___.___ are those that are made up of ___ or more elements。
and they can have different ___.___ materials include ceramics。
glass。
___ structure。
Glass。
on the other hand。
is a ___ are made up of long chains of molecules and can be either ___.Composite materials are made up of two or ___ is an example of a composite material that is made up of glass fibers embedded in a polymer matrix。
This material has high ___.___。
Silicon is an example of a ___ used in the n of microcircuitry.In materials science and engineering。
___ of the design process。
The properties of ___ materials。
such as their ductility。
conductivity。
___.Chapter 7In this chapter。
最新材料科学与工程基础知识点（打印版）英汉双语版
最新材料科学与⼯程基础知识点（打印版）英汉双语版Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering材料科学与⼯程基础知识点复习第⼀章绪论⼀、学习⽬的：材料科学家或⼯程技术⼈员经常遇到的问题是设计问题，⽽设计问题主要涉及机械、民⽤、化学和电。
⽽这些领域都要涉及到选择材料问题。
如何选择材料是⾮常重要的，选材包含两⽅⾯⼀个是满⾜性能要求，另⼀⽅⾯是成本低，即所谓“合理选材”。
材料的性能与其成分和内部的组织结构密切相关，材料的组织结构与加⼯过程有关。
本课程的⽬的就在于掌握加⼯过程和材料的组织结构以及性能之间的关系。
为今后进⾏材料设计和合理选材打下理论基础。
⼆、本章主要内容1、简介材料的发展史2、材料科学与⼯程的含义和内容3、材料的分类4、先进材料5、现代材料的需求三、重要术语和概念metal: ⾦属ceramic: 陶瓷polymer: 聚合物Composites: 复合材料Semiconductors: 半导体Biomaterials: ⽣物材料Processing: 加⼯过程Structure: 组织结构Properties: 性质Performance: 使⽤性能Mechanical properties: ⼒学性能Electrical properties: 电性能Thermal behavior: 热性能Magnetic properties: 磁性能Optical properties: 光性能Deteriorative characteristics: ⽼化特性第⼆章原⼦结构与化学键⼀、学习⽬的我们在⾃然界中观察到各种现象，归根结底是物质的不同表现形式，也就是说物质构成了世界。
⾃然界中所有物体均由化学元素及其化合物所组成，同样，各种固体材料也都是由⼀种或多种元素的原⼦结合⽽成的。
学习物质的原⼦结构和化学键合，是认识和研究各类材料在结构与性能⽅⾯所表现出来的个性和共性的基础，也是正确认识和理解材料的性能的重要依据。
英语学习-《材料科学跟工程专业英语》(DOC 38页)
《材料科学与工程专业英语》Unit1 Materials Science and Metallurgical EngineeringMaterials are properly more deep-seated in our culture than most of us realize. Trans -portation, housing, clothing, communication, recreation and food production--virtually every segment of our everyday lives is influenced to one degree or another by materials. Historically, the development and advancement of societies have been intimately tied to the members' abilities to produce and manipulate materials to fill their needs. In fact, early civilizations have been designated by the level of their materials development (i.e.Stone Age, Bronze Age).The earliest humans has access to only a very limited number of materials, those that occur naturally stone, wood, clay, skins, and so on. With time they discovered techniques for producing materials that had properties superior to those of the natural ones: these new materials included pottery and various metals. Furthermore, it was discovered that the properties of a material could be altered by heat treatments and by the addition of other substances. At this point, materials utilization was totally a selection process, that is, deciding from a given, rather limited set of materials the one that was best suited for an application by virtue of its characteristic. It was not until relatively recent times that scientists came to understand the relationships between the structural elements of materials and their properties. This knowledge, acquired in the past 60 years or so, has empowered them to fashion, to a large degree, the characteristics of materials. Thus, tens of thousands of different materials have evolved with rather specialized characteristics that meet the needs of our modern and complex society.The development of many technologies that make our existence so comfortable has been intimately associated with the accessibility of suitable materials. Advancement in the under--standing of a material type is often the forerunner to the stepwise progression of a technology. For example, automobiles would not have been possible without the availability of inexpensive steel of some other comparable substitutes. In our contemporary era, sophisticated electronic devices rely on components that are made from what are called semiconducting materials.Materials Science EngineeringMaterials science is an interdisciplinary study that combines chemistry, physics, metallurgy, engineering and very recently life sciences. One aspect of materials science involves studying and designing materials to make them useful and reliable in the service of humankind. It strives for basic understanding of how structures and processes on the atomic scale result in the properties and functions familiar at the engineering level. Materials scientists are interested in physical and chemical phenomena acting across large magnitudes of space and time scales. In this regard it differs from physics of chemistry where the emphasis is more on explaining the properties of pure substances. In materials science there is also an emphasis on developing and using knowledge to understand how the properties of materials can be controllably designed by varying the compositions, structures, and the way in which the bulk and surfaces phase materials are processed.In contrast, materials engineering is, on the basis of those structure properties correlations, designing or engineering the structure of a material to produce a predetermined set of properties. In other words, materials engineering mainly deals with the use of materials in design and how materials are manufactured."Structure" is a nebulous term that deserves some explanation. In brief, the structure of a material usually relates to the arrangement of its internal components. Subatomic structure involves electrons within the individual atoms and interactions with their nuclei. On an atomic level, structure encompasses the organization of atoms or molecules relative to one another. The next large structural realm, which contains large groups of atoms that are normally agglomerated together, is termed "microscopic" meaning that which is subject to direct observation using some type of microscope. Finally, structural elements that may be viewed with the naked eye are termed "macroscopic".The notion of "property" deserves elaboration. While in service use, all materials are exposed to external stimuli that evoke some type of response. For example, a specimen subject to forces will experience deformation; or a polished metal surface will reflect light. Property is a material trait in terms of the kind and magnitude of response to a specific imposed stimulus. Generally, definitions of properties are made independent of material shape and size.Virtually all important properties of solid materials may be grouped into six different categories; mechanical, electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical, and deteriorative. For each there is s characteristic type of stimulus capable of provoking different responses. Mechanical properties relate deformation to an applied load or force: examples include elastic modulus and strength. For electrical properties, such as electrical conductivity and dielectric constant, the stimulus is an electric filed. The thermal behavior of solids can be represented in terms of heat capacity and thermal conductivity. Magnetic properties demonstrate the response of a material to the application of a magnetic field. For optical properties, the stimulus is electromagnetic or light radiation: index of refraction and reflectivity are representative optical properties. Finally, deteriorative characteristics indicate the chemical reactivity of materials.In addition to structure and properties, two other important components are involved in the science and engineering of materials, namely "processing" and "performance". With regard to the relationships of these four components, the structure of a material will depend on how it is processed. Furthermore, a material's performance will be a function of its properties. Thus, the interrelationship between processing, structure, properties, and performance is linear as follows:Processing→Structure→Properties→PerformanceWhy Study Materials Science and Engineering?Why do we study materials? Many an applied scientists or engineers, whether mechanical, civil, chemical, or electrical, will be exposed to a design problem involving materials at one time or another. Examples might include a transmission gear, the superstructure for a building, an oil refinery component, or an integrated circuit chip. Of course, materials scientists and engineers are specialists who are totally involved in the investigation and design of materials.Many times, a materials problem is to select the right material from many thousands available ones. There are several criteria on which the final decision is normally based. First of all, the in-service conditions must be characterized. On only rare occasion does a material possess the maximum or ideal combination of properties. Thus, it may be necessary to trade off one characteristic for another. The classic example involves strength and ductility; normally, a material having a high strength will have only a limited ductility. In such cases a reasonable compromise between two or more properties may be necessary.A second selection consideration is any deterioration of material properties that may occur during service operation. For example, significant reductions in mechanical strengthmay result from exposure to elevated temperatures or corrosive environments.Finally, probably the overriding consideration is economics. What will the finished product cost? A material may be found that has the ideal set of properties, but is prohibitively expensive. Here again, some compromise is inevitable. The cost of a finished piece also includes any expense incurred during fabrication.The more familiar an engineer or scientist is with the various characteristics and structure-property relationships, as well as processing techniques of materials, the more proficient and confident he or she will be to make judicious materials choices based on these criteria.(Selected from Materials Science and Engineering: AnIntroduction, by William D Callister,2002)New Words and Expressionspottery n. 陶瓷by virtue of 依靠（……力量），凭借，由于，因为empower vt.授权，准许，使能够empower sb.to do sth. 授权某人做某事forerunner n. 先驱（者），传令官，预兆stepwise a. 逐步地，分阶段地interdisciplinary a. 交叉学科的metallurgy n. 冶金学nebulous a. 星云的，云雾状的，模糊的，朦胧的agglomerate n. 大团，大块；a.成块的，凝聚的elaboration n. 详尽的细节，解释，阐述electrical conductivity 电导性，电导率dielectric constant 介电常数thermal conductivity 热导性，热导率heat capacity 热容refraction n. 衍射reflectivity n. 反射ductility n. 延展性corrosive a. 腐蚀的，蚀坏的，腐蚀性的；n. 腐蚀物，腐蚀剂overriding a. 最重要的；高于一切的prohibitive a. 禁止的，抵制的judicious a. 明智的criterion n. 标准，准则，尺度Notes1. It was not until relatively recent times that scientists came to understand the relationships between the structural elements of materials and their properties.这是一个强调句，强调时间。
材料科学与工程_专业英语_Uni...
材料科学与工程_专业英语_Uni...Unit 3 Structure-Property Relationships of MaterialsToday’s materials can be classified as metals and alloys, as polymers or plastics, as ceramics, or as composites; composites, most of which are man-made, actually are combinations of different materials.译文：当今的材料可以分为金属和合金，聚合物或者塑料，陶瓷或复合材料；复合材料，它们大多数是人造的，实际上是不同材料组合而成。
A pplica tion of these m ateria ls de pe nd on their pr ope rties; theref ore, w e ne ed to know w hat pr operties are re quired by the a pplica tion and to be a ble to re late those s pecifica tion to the m aterial.译文：这些材料的应用取决于它们的性质；因此，根据应用的场合，我们需要知道什么样的性质是必需的，我们需要能够把这些详细说明同材料联系起来。
For exam ple, a la dder m ust w ithsta nd a des ign loa d, the w eight of a pe rs on us ing the la dde r. H ow ever, the m ateria l property that ca n be m easured is s tre ngth, w hich is af f ecte d by the loa d a nd desig n dim ension. S tre ngth values m us t theref ore be applie d to dete rm ine d the la dde r dim ensions to e ns ure saf e us e. Therefore, in ge ne ral, the s truc tures of m etallic m aterials have ef fects on the ir prope rties.译文：比如，一个梯子必须能经受住设计的载荷，也就是使用这个梯子的人的重量。
材料科学与工程专业英语05—unit07
The majority of metals have higher densities than the majority of nonmetals. Nonetheless, there is wide variation in the densities of metals. Lithium is the least dense solid element and osmium is the densest. The metals of groups I A and II A are referred to as the light metals because they are exceptions to this generalization. The high density of most metals is due to the tightly packed crystal lattice of the metallic structure. The strength of metallic bonds for different metals reaches a maximum around the center of the transition metal series, as those elements have large amounts of delocalized electrons in tight binding type metallic bonds. However, other factors (such as atomic radius, nuclear charge, number of bonding orbitals, overlap of orbital energies, and crystal form) are involved as well.
材料科学与工程专业英语 (1)
材料专业英语
Part 1 Introduction to materials science and engineering
• Unit 1 Physical and chemical properties of materials • Unit 2 Mechanical properties of materials
• 其他材料却截然不同，通常远大于真空值。
0 .
材料专业英语
• Materials that cause the lines of flux to move farther apart, resulting in a decrease in magnetic flux density compared with a vacuum, are called diamagnetic. Materials that concentrate magnetic flux by a factor of more than one but less than or equal to ten are called paramagnetic; materials that concentrate the flux by a factor of more than ten are called ferromagnetic. The permeability factors of some substances change with rising or falling temperature, or with the intensity of the applied magnetic field.
材料专业英语
• Mass (m) is a fundamental measure of the amount of matter. Weight (w) is a measure of the force exerted by a mass and this force is produced by the acceleration of gravity. • Therefore, on the surface of earth, the 因此，在地球表面，物体的质量由物体的重量和重力加速度 mass of an object is determined by 所决定。 dividing the weight of an object by 9.8 Since we are typically comparing things on the surface of the earth, the weight of an object is m/s2 (the acceleration of gravity on the commonly used rather than calculating its mass. surface of the earth).
材料科学与工程专业英语词汇
材料科学与工程专业英语词汇材料科学与工程专业英语词汇在现代科学技术中，材料科学是国民经济发展的三大支柱之一。
主要专业方向有金属材料、无机非金属材料、高分子材料、耐磨材料、表面强化、材料加工工程等等。
以下是yjbys为大家推荐的材料科学与工程专业英语词汇，希望大家喜欢。
材料的类型Types of materials, metals, ceramics, polymers, composites, elastomer.部分材料性质复习(Review of selected properties of materials) 电导率和电阻率conductivity and resistivity,热导率thermal conductivity,应力和应变stress and strain,弹性应变elastic strain,塑性应变plastic strain,屈服强度yield strength,最大抗拉强度ultimate tensile strength,最大强度ultimate strength,延展性ductility,伸长率elongation,断面收缩率reduction of area,颈缩necking,断裂强度breaking strength,韧性toughness,硬度hardness,疲劳强度fatigue strength,蜂窝honeycomb,热脆性heat shortness,晶胞中的.原子数atoms per cell,点阵lattice, 阵点lattice point,点阵参数lattice parameter,密排六方hexagonal close-packed,六方晶胞hexagonal unit cell,体心立方body-centered cubic,面心立方face-centered cubic,弥勒指数Miller indices,晶面crystal plane,晶系crystal system,晶向crystal direction,相变机理Phase transformation mechanism: 成核生长相变nucleation–growth transition, 斯宾那多分解spinodal decomposition,有序无序转变disordered-order transition,马氏体相变martensite phase transformation，成核nucleation,成核机理nucleation mechanism,成核势垒nucleation barrier,晶核，结晶中心nucleus of crystal,金属组织的)基体quay,基体，基块，基质，结合剂matrix,子晶，雏晶matted crystal,耔晶，晶种seed crystal,耔晶取向seed orientation,籽晶生长seeded growth,均质核化homogeneous nucleation,异质核化heterogeneous nucleation,均匀化热处理homogenization heat treatment, 熟料grog,自恰场self-consistent field固溶体Solid solution:有序固溶体ordered solid solution,无序固溶体disordered solid solution,有序合金ordered alloy,无序合金disordered alloy.无序点阵disordered lattice,分散，扩散，弥散dispersal,分散剂dispersant,分散剂，添加剂dispersant additive,分散剂，弥散剂dispersant agent缺陷defect, imperfection,点缺陷point defect,线缺陷 line defect, dislocation,面缺陷interface defect, surface defect,体缺陷volume defect,位错排列dislocation arrangement,位错阵列dislocation array,位错气团dislocation atmosphere,位错轴dislocation axis,位错胞dislocation cell,位错爬移dislocation climb,位错滑移dislocation slip, dislocation movement by slip, 位错聚结dislocation coalescence,位错核心能量dislocation core energy,位错裂纹dislocation crack,位错阻尼dislocation damping,位错密度dislocation density,体积膨胀volume dilation,体积收缩volume shrinkage,回火tempering,退火annealing,退火的，软化的softened,软化退火，软化(处理)softening, 淬火quenching,淬火硬化quenching hardening, 正火normalizing, normalization, 退火织构annealing texture,。
材料科学与工程专业英语词汇
材料科学与工程专业英语词汇1. material 材料2. composite material 复合材料3. ceramic material 陶瓷材料4. metallic material 金属材料5. alloy 材料合金6. material properties 材料性质7. mechanical properties 机械性质8. thermal properties 热学性质9. electrical properties 电学性质10. chemical properties 化学性质11. processing technology 加工工艺12. casting process 铸造工艺13. forging process 锻造工艺14. casting alloy 铸造合金15. high-temperature casting 高温铸造16. lost wax casting 失蜡法铸造17. extrusion process 挤压工艺18. rolling process 轧制工艺19. sintering process 烧结工艺20. sintering temperature 烧结温度21. welding technology 焊接工艺22. fusion welding 熔焊23. electron beam welding 电子束焊接24. laser welding 激光焊接25. adhesive bonding 粘接工艺26. adhesive 胶粘剂27. diffusion bonding 扩散焊接28. brazing process 钎焊工艺29. metallurgy 材料科学30. crystal structure 晶体结构31. phase transformation 物相转变32. grain size 晶粒尺寸33. microstructure microstructure 分析显微组织34. texture 织构35. phase 相36. solid solution solid solution 强化的固溶体37. transformation toughening transformation强化韧化38. dislocation 位错39. grain boundary dislocation 晶界位错40. stress state 应力状态41. deformation deformation 变形42. elastic deformation 弹性变形43. plastic deformation 塑性变形44. fracture fracture 断裂45. hardness hardness testing硬度测试46. Vickers hardness tester Vickers硬度计47. Brinell hardness tester 布氏硬度计48. tensile test拉伸试验49. compressive test 压缩试验50. bending test弯曲试验51. fracture test 断口分析52. corrosion resistance耐腐蚀性53. oxidation resistance耐氧化性54. fatigue resistance耐疲劳性55. thermal stability热稳定性56. electrical conductivity电导率57. thermal conductivity热导率58. dielectric constant介电常数59. permeability磁导率60. specific heat capacity比热容61. density密度62. reinforcement reinforcement增强剂/增强纤维63. carbon fiber碳纤维增强塑料(CFRP)等。
材料科学与工程基础大纲(英文)
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3-2 Binary System Phase Diagrams
1、Binary Isomorphous System 2、Binary Eutectic System 3、Binary Peritectic System 4、Binary Equilibrium Diagrams Having Intermediate Phase or Compounds
•
Chapter 1 Crystallography
• 0-0 Introduction
• 0-1、Historical Perspective • 0-2、Materials Science and Engineering
• 0-3、Classification of Materials
• 0-4、Crystallography and Crystal Structures
Chapter 2
1、Vacancy Mechanisms
Diffusion
2-1 Diffusion Mechanisms
2、Interstitial Mechanisms
2-2 Macroscopic Theory of Diffusion
1、Steady-State Diffusion a、Fick`s First Law b、Example Problem 2、Nonsteady-State Diffusion a、Fick`s Second Law b、Example Problem
1-3 Crystallographic Directions
材料科学复习资料(英文版)(doc 6页)
Thermoplastic plastics are generally best for type impactof service conditionsPolycarbonates ( PC ) Provides the substrate for CD-ROMs because they possess excellent optical properties as well as hardness and toughness .Better toughness allow plastics compete strongly with optical glassesAnaerobic adhesives retain their fluid state when exposed to oxygen , but when squeezed into thin joints that block the . oxygen , they set up into hard , strong adhesives.The advantage ( s )of Light weight , load spreading , join sealing would adhesive bonding have over other joining methodsA field that involves the generation and application of knowledge relating to the composition,structure and processing of materials to their properties and use, Materials Science And EngineeringRecycling Plastics is the most effective approach to making plastic more environmentally friendly .Blow molding can be applied to thermoplastics only .Rayon, Polyacrylonitrile are used to Produce carbon fibersAccelerators and activators are (is)used to speed sulfur vulcanizing . Higher stiffness compared with reinforcement is not the requirement for matrix used in composites.The cost in materials selection usually dominates the final choice.Tensile strength is the maximum stress developed in a material during a tensile test._____Toughness________represents the energy per unit volume of a material required to produce fracture under static conditions.A useful tool that is used to study the crystal structures of solids by measuring the angles of electrons glancing off material specimens. XRDTrade name for aramid fiber , which is used for bulletProof vests and advanced composites for aerospace applications . KevlarThe major source of raw materials for synthetic rubber. OilA substance capable of holding materials together by surface attachment Adhesive Diamond is a transparent crystalline carbon.Which is not the advantage of Carbon/Carbon composites ?Easy oxidation at high temperaturePlywood is an example of Laminar composites.The hardness of plastics closely correlates to tensile strength塑料的硬度和抗拉强度密切相关。
材料科学与工程专业英语总结
专业英语总结Stock 原料Extrusion 挤压Reaction injection moulding process 反应注射模型Blow moulding 吹塑模型Thermoforming 热成型Calendering 压延成型Whisker 晶须Eutectic 共晶组织Eutectoid共析的Transportation vehicles 交通工具Propulsion 推进器Vacuum melting 真空熔炼Investment casting 熔铸Catalyst 催化剂Net export 净出口额Turbine disk 涡轮盘Turbine blade 涡轮机叶片Combustor 燃烧室Periphery 外缘Leading edge 前缘V ocabularyMetallic 金属的Polymeric高分子的Ceramic 陶瓷的Composite 复合材料Electronic 电子学Organic 有机物Inorganic 无机的Ferrous 铁素体Nonferrous ？非铁素体Conductor 导体Insulator 绝缘体Furnace 加热炉Wear resistance 耐磨性Brittleness 脆性Fiber 纤维，光纤Intermetallic 金属间化合物Crystalline 晶态，晶粒Ductile 韧性Composition 构成Coordination number 配位数Atomic packing factor 原子堆垛密度FCC BCC HCPEdge/ screw dislocation 韧型、螺型位错Grain boundary 晶界Stacking fault 堆垛层错Impurity 杂质Vacancy 空位Passive-film 钝化膜Pitting corrosion 点蚀Stress-corrosion cracking 应力腐蚀断裂Concentration 浓度Driving force 驱动力，推动力Yield strength 屈服强度Toughness 韧性Dispersion 弥散Austenite 奥氏体Bainite 贝氏体Martensite 马氏体Cementite (iron carbide; Fe3C) 渗碳体Pearlite 珠光体Ferrite 铁素体Artificial ageing 人工时效Heat treatable 可热处理的Extrusion 挤压Drawing 拉拔Anneal 退火Recrystallization 再结晶Grain size 晶粒尺寸Grain refinement 晶粒细化Precipitation 沉淀物？Synthesize 合成Carbide 碳化物Oxide 氧化物Sensor 传感器Sinter 烧结Self-combustion 自燃Hydrothermal 水热？Precursor 前驱体Sol 溶胶Gel 凝胶Sialon 塞隆Extrusion 挤压Injection moulding 注射成型Blow moulding 吹塑成型Whisker 晶须Anisotropy 各向异性Reinforce 加强，强化Eutectic 共晶组织Eutectoid 先共析，共析体1 How types can materials be divided into? What types of metallic materials are there?2 What are the main crystalline defects（晶体缺陷）? Pls give a detailed description.3What are the principle types of heat treatment of steels?（钢的热处理原理）4Which is used to express the magnitude（量）and direction（方向）of dislocation（位错）of lattice distortion（晶体畸变）?答案：柏氏矢量Burgers Vecror5What act as the anode and cathode of a pitting corrosion cell respectively?6Which strengthening method can achieve good strength and ductility? Pls write down the relationship or equation.7What are the principle types of heat treatment of steel? What are the main affecting factors?8By which way the aluminium alloy can be strengthened?9How many ways to strengthen materials? And what are they?10What’s the effect of gr ain refinement on the mechanical properties?11What is PVD and CVD?12Which process or technique can be used to produce powders, monoliths, fibres, coatings and composites?13What is the most important processing and fabricating techniques for thermoplastics?14Which moulding processes are generally used for shaping thermoplastics?15What are the two main ingredient of metal matrix composites?16Pls give three types of metal matrix composite.17What is the remarkable characteristics of fibre-reinforced metals compared to the most metals and alloys?18What is the function of homogeneous or heterogeneous composite nanostructure?。
材料科学与工程专业英语6
材料科学与工程专业英语6Composite materials复合材料Ferroconcrete钢筋混凝土Steel reinforcement钢筋Civil engineering土木工程Polymeric materials聚合物材料Structural properties结构性能Tailor structure performance调整结构 Thermal expansion热膨胀Fatigue resistance耐疲劳Science efforts科研工作Comprehension综合理解Optimization最佳化Structural composite materials结构复合材料 Component部件Economic经济上State of the art技术水平Satisfy specific requite满足特殊需求 Thermoplastic based composite 热塑性塑料基复合材料Composites based on Natural occurring materials天然存在材料为基体的复合材料Resin树脂Cost-efficient合算Biomedical生物医学Concurrent engineering methodology并存的工程方法论Natural tissues天然组织College of material science and engineering材料科学与工程学院Cross-disciplinary strategies交叉学科策略 National institute for advanced interdisciplinary research国家先进跨学科研究院Combining element综合元素Tissue engineering组织工程Trend趋势Quality assurance质量保证Specific functional properties功能特性 The principal requirement最主要的要求 Filler size填料大小Surface chemical nature表面化学特性 Magnetic-elastic磁致弹性Significantly enhance明显提高Elasto-dynamic response弹性动力学响应 Atoms原子Electrons电子Mature manufacturing technology成熟加工技术 Set at design level处于设计水平Expectation期望Sensor传感器Actuators调节器Organ器官Artificial prosthesis人造假肢 Muscle肌肉Cartilage软骨Soft tissue软组织Composite structure复合结构 Biohybrid technology生物杂化技术Culture cells培养细胞Delivery vehicle运载工具 Polymeric biodegradable scaffold可降解的聚合物支架纳米材料Nanostructured materials纳米材料 Categories种类Chemical composition化学组成 The arrangement of the atoms原子排列Atomic structure原子结构 Solid state physics固体物理 Inert gas惰性气体Condensation冷凝Amorphous无固定形状的 Precipitation沉降Crystalline结晶Devices器件装备Multilayer quantum多层量子 Nanometer-sized纳米尺寸 Bulk块状Ion implantation离子植入 Laser beam激光束Supersaturated liquid饱和液体 Atomic structure of solid surface固体表面的原子结构Hardness硬的Modify修改修饰Corrosion resistance抗腐蚀 Wear resistance耐磨损Protective coating保护层 Subgroup分枝Free surface自由表面Pattern模型Lithograph光蚀刻Local probes局部探测Near-field近场Focused聚焦的Beams电流能量Integrated circuit集成电路 Single electron transistor单电子晶体管Building blocks构筑模型 Gels胶体Supersaturated solid solutions过饱和固溶体Nano-length scale纳米尺度 Implanted materials植入材料 Quenching淬火Annealing退火Assembled装配Incoherent非共格Coherent interface共格晶面 Heterogeneous非均质的 Grain boundaries晶界Inherently天生的，固有的 Synonymous同义的Exclusively专有的，表征 Concept概念Industrial society工业社会 Triggered引发Technological revolution科技发展 Steam engine蒸汽机Initiated开创Industrial era工业时代 Silicon technology硅技术 Phase阶段Embryonic胚胎Intergration集成Illustrate说明Chemical systems化学物系 Monomer单体Block模板Backbone主链Organism有机体Life science生命科学Macroscopic design宏观设计 Molecular application of synthetic materials合成材料的结构应用Reshuffle重组Buzz Word术语Phenomena现象Scientific environment科学环境 Microscopy显微技术Determine确定Characterize表征Architecture结构Fullerenes富勒烯Nanotube纳米管Dendritic枝状Hyperbranched超支化 Promising希望Milestone里程碑Dendrimers枝状单体Multifunctional macromolecular多功能大分子Non-covalent非共价Covalent compound共价化合物 Ionic compound离子化合物 Organic compound有机化合物 Supramolecular超分子 Mimicking模拟Potential关键Sustainable民用Modify改变Concept of life生活观念 Thorough彻底Chemical industry化学工业 Merger合并Fusion融合Life cycle生命周期S-curve S曲线Cracker裂化装置Bulk polymer本体聚合物 Synergy协同作用Solution provider决策者 Principal原理Spin-off company派生公司 Pronounced明确的Polymeric materials高分子材料 Co-operation合作Venture capital风险投资 Entrepreneurial spirit企业家精神 Crucial至关重要Capacitor电容器Water purification systems水纯化装置Solid-solubility固熔度 Electronegativity电负性 Chemical formula化学式Stainless steels不锈钢Transition metal过渡金属 Copolymer共聚物Homopolymer均聚物Cells in parallel并联Cells in series串联Inorganic nomatallic material无机非金属Wavelength波长Dielectric constant介电常数 Adverse effect副作用Fatigue resistance抗疲劳性 Defect缺陷Photovoltaic cell光生伏打灯 Biomimetic仿生Uniform均一的Dispersion分散Short circuit短路Battery shot电池短路Open circuit开路Environmental friendly环境友好 Interdisciplinary各学科间的Mechanical机械的、力学的 Magnetic磁力的Optical视觉的Deteriorative变化的Van der waals bonds范德瓦耳斯力TEM电子透射显微镜。
材料科学与工程专业英语12-unit 16-17
Words
• Reinforced concrete:钢筋混凝土 • Fiberglass:纤维玻璃 • Resin：树脂
Questions
• What is the composite? Can you give some examples? • Which two phases do the composite materials have?
Composite Survey: Fiber
Particle-reinforced Fiber-reinforced Structural
• Fibers themselves are very strong
– Provide significant strength improvement to material – Ex: fiber-glass
Unit 17
Properties of composite materials
Mechanics of composite materials
Words
• • • • • • Isotropic:各向同性的 Orthotropic：正交各向异性的 Moment：力矩 Thermoset：热固体 Thermoplastic：热塑体 Orientation：取向
Adapted from Fig. 16.18, Callister 7e. (Fig. 16.18 is from Engineered Materials Handbook, Vol. 1, Composites, ASM International, Materials Park, OH, 1987.) Adapted from Fig. 16.16, Callister 7e.
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五选一：1.“ Materials science ” involves investigating the relationships that exist between the structures and properties of materials. In contrast, “Materials engineering ”is, on the basis of these structure-property correlations ,designing or engineering the structure of a material to produce a predetermined set of properties.材料科学涉及材料到研究材料的结构和性质的关系。
相反，材料工程是根据材料的结构和性质的关系来设计或操纵材料的结构以求制造出一系列可预定的性质。
2. Virtually all important properties of solid materials may be grouped into six different categories: mechanical, electrical, thermal, magnetic ,optical, and deteriorative.实际上，所有固体材料的重要性质可以概括分为六类：机械、电学、热学、磁学、光学和腐蚀性。
3.In addition to structure and properties, two other important components are involved in the science and engineering of materials ,namely ” processing ”and” performance”.除结构与特征外，材料科学与工程还包括另外两项重要的研究内容，即（材料的）加工与性能。
4.The more familiar an engineer or scientist is with the various characteristics and structure-property relationships ,as well as processing techniques of materials, the more proficient and confident he or she will be to make judicious materials choices based on these criteria.工程师与科学家越熟悉材料的各种性质、结构、功能之间的关系以及材料的加工技术，根据以上的几个原则，他或她对材料的明智选择将越来越熟练和精确。
5.On only rare occasion does a material possess the maximum or ideal combination of properties. Thus ,it may be necessary to trade off one characteristic for another.只有在少数情况下材料才具有最优或理想的综合性质，因此，有必要对材料的性质进行平衡。
四选一：1.直到最近，科学家才终于了解材料的结构要素与其特性之间的关系。
It was not until relatively recent times that scientists came to understand the relationship between the structural elements of materials and their properties .2.材料工程学主要解决材料的制造问题和材料的应用问题。
Material engineering mainly to solve the problem and create material application.3.材料的加工过程不但决定了材料的结构，同时决定了材料的特征和性能。
Materials processing process is not only to de structure and decided that the material characteristic and performance.4.材料的力学性能与其所受外力或负荷而导致的形变有关。
Material mechanical properties with the extemal force or in de deformation of the load.四选一：1．金属元素有许多有利电子，金属材料的许多性质可直接归功于这些电子。
Metallic materials have large numbers of nonlocalized electrons，many properties of metals are directly attributable to these electrons.2．许多聚合物材料是有机化合物，并具有大的分子结构。
Many of polymers are organic compounds,and they have very large molecular structures.3．半导体材料的典型特征介于导体材料（如金属、金属合金）与绝缘体（陶瓷材料和聚合体材料）之间。
Semiconductors have electrical properties that are intermediate between the electrical conductors ( viz. metals and metal alloys ) and insulators ( viz. ceramics and polymers ).4．生物材料不能产生毒性，并且不许与人体组织互相兼容。
Biomaterials must not produce toxic substances and must be compatible with body tissues.四选一：1.An object will float in water if its density is less than the density of water and sink if itsdensity is greater that that of water. Similarly , an object with specific gravity less than one will float and those with a specific gravity greater than one will sink. 一个物体的密度比水小时，它会浮在水上，比水大时，它会下沉。
类似的，当一个物体的比重小于一，它就会上浮，比重大于一，它就会下沉。
2.Materials that cause the lines of flux to move farther apart , resulting in a decrease inmagnetic flux density compared with a vacuum , are called diamagnetic . Materials that concentrate magnetic flux by a factor of more than one but less than or equal to ten are called paramagnetic ; materials that concentrate the flux by a factor of more than ten are called ferromagnetic 反磁性体是一类会引起磁力线疏离导致磁通量比真空低的材料。
顺磁性体是会引起磁力线密度成倍增加，倍率系数大于1，小于等于10的材料。
铁磁性体是磁力线密度增加倍率超过10的材料。
.3.Certain ferromagnetic materials , especially powdered or laminated iron , steel , or nickelalloys , have μr that can range up to about 10000000. Diamagnetic materials have μr less than one , but no known substance has relative permeability much less than one.一些铁磁性材料，尤其是粉末状或层压状的铁、不锈钢或镍基合金的相对磁导率μr可达1000000,。
反磁性材料的相对磁导率μr小于1.已知材料中尚未发现相对磁导率比1小很多的。
4.When a paramagnetic or ferromagnetic core is inserted into a coil , the inductance ismultiplied by μr compared with the inductance of the same coil with an air core.当先圈内插入一个顺磁性体或铁磁性体芯，其电感是空气芯的相同线圈电感的μr倍。
四选一：1.化学性质是用来描述一种物质是怎样变成另外一种完全不同的物质的性质。
Physicalproperties are those that can be observed without changing the identity of the substance. 2.相变是一种物理性质，并且物质存在四种相：固相、液相、气相和等离子体。
Phase is a physicalproperty of matter and matter can exist in four phases : solid , liquid , gas and plasma .3.当温度低于熔点时，聚合物的晶体结构破坏，但其分子任然连接在分子链上，从而形成一种柔软和柔顺性材料。
Instead , at some temperature below the melting point , they start to lose their crystalline structure but the molecules remain linked in chains , which results in a soft and pliable material.4.在工程应用中，渗透率通常用相对值而不是绝对值表示。