上海高考英语语法复习5非谓语作定语
非谓语动词做定语举例
非谓语动词做定语举例一.非谓语动词的概念:指在句子中不充当谓语动词的其他动词。
二.非谓语动词的形式:动词不定式、动名词、分词(现在分词、过去分词)。
三.非谓语动词在句中充当定语(定语:常把用来修饰名词的成分称为定语。
)四:例子分析1.非谓语动词——《不定式》在句子中充当定语。
I have a meeting to attend.我有个会要参加。
(该句的主语为I;have为谓语动词;a meeting为宾语。
to attend为后置定语,用以修饰前面的名词a meeting.说明这个会议是我要参加的那个会议。
)He is the first to get to school.他是第一个到校的。
(该句中的动词不定式to get to school“到达学校”用以修饰其前面的名词the first,作其定语成分,说明“他”是第一个到校的。
)2.非谓语动词——《动名词》在句子中充当定语。
例如:There is a swimming pool.有一个池塘。
(该句中的短语a swimming pool“一个池塘”。
swimming用来修饰名词pool,说明pool“池塘”是用来“游泳的”。
)3.非谓语动词——《现在分词》在句子中充当定语。
例如:Look at the falling leaves.看那落叶。
(该句中的现在分词falling“(正在)落下的”修饰名词leaves“叶子”,说明其叶子的状态是正在掉落。
同学们注意区分现在分词与动动名词的区别,不明白这个知识点的小伙伴可以搜索冉老师历史发文哟。
)There were millions of people watching the opening ceremony live on TV.成千上万的人正在电视上观看开幕式直播。
(该句中的watching为现在分词,用以修饰名词people,说明“人们”正在观看的状态。
opening也为现在分词,用以修饰名词ceremony“开幕式”,说明开幕式是正在举办的,是一种现在进行时。
非谓语动词作定语
二、非谓语动词作定语非谓语动词做定语有以下几种形式;doing 1、作动名词讲时做定语表示用途。
比如、living room, swimming pool.2、作现在分词讲时,所修饰名词或代词与其是一种主谓(主动)关系,有时还表进行。
如; falling leaves, the rising sun, boiling water, a developing country, the boy standing on the ground, the man introducing modern technology into China.done(过去分词)表示被动(与所修饰的词是动宾关系)或完成。
如;fallen leaves, the risen sun, boiled water, a developed country, the players selected fromthe whole country.being done 现在分词的被动结构,表是正在被……只做后置定语,即放在所修饰名词之后。
如;the bridge being built, the meeting being held.to do (to be done)动词不定式做定语常表示将来,有主动与被动两种形式。
1、所修饰的词与不定式动作是一种被动关系(也可以说动词不定式与所修饰的词是一种动宾关系,即所修饰的词是不定式动作的对象,)这时注意选择是用to do ,还是to be done.1、I have a lot of readings to complete before the end of this term.2、His first book to be published next month is based on a true story.2、所修饰的词与不定式是是一种主谓(主动)关系,这些词前面常常有 thefirst ,the second, the last, the next, the only等修饰。
非谓语动词作定语和宾语补足语总结归纳
非谓语动词作定语和宾语补足语总结归纳非谓语动词是指不具备人称和数的特征,在句中充当其他成分的动词形式。
在英语中,非谓语动词可以用作定语和宾语补足语。
本文将对非谓语动词作定语和宾语补足语的使用进行总结和归纳。
一、非谓语动词作定语1. 作定语的非谓语动词形式:动词的ing形式和过去分词形式。
2. 非谓语动词作定语的位置:通常放在被修饰名词之前,起修饰作用。
3. 非谓语动词作定语的作用:表示被修饰名词的性质、用途、来源、材料、状态等。
4. 非谓语动词作定语的例句:a) The running water in the river is very clear.(河中流动的水非常清澈。
)b) The damaged car has been towed away.(那辆受损的汽车已经被拖走了。
)二、非谓语动词作宾语补足语1. 作宾语补足语的非谓语动词形式:动词的不定式形式和现在分词形式。
2. 非谓语动词作宾语补足语的位置:通常放在及物动词、系动词、感官动词、使役动词等动词后面,起补充说明作用。
3. 非谓语动词作宾语补足语的作用:用来补充说明宾语的性质、特征、目的、结果等。
4. 非谓语动词作宾语补足语的例句:a) She wants to buy a new car.(她想买一辆新车。
)b) I found the children playing happily in the garden.(我发现孩子们在花园里快乐地玩耍。
)综上所述,非谓语动词作为定语和宾语补足语在英语中的应用较为广泛。
了解和掌握非谓语动词的用法对于提高语言表达能力至关重要。
通过灵活运用非谓语动词,可以使语言表达更加准确、生动,增加文章的表现力和吸引力。
因此,在英语学习中,我们要注重对非谓语动词作定语和宾语补足语的学习和应用,提高自己的语言能力。
非谓语动词作定语讲解及练习(附答案)
非谓语动词作定语一.不定式作定语1.不定式作定语常用于不定代词或被the first/next/only/last等修饰的名词和其他一些名词、代词之后。
其中,不定式的一般式通常表示的动作,完成式则表示该动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作。
例如:She is always the first (one) to come and the last to leave.2.如果作定语的不定式与被修饰的名词有动宾关系,在不及物动词后通常要加上适当的介词。
例如:Let's first find a room to live in / to put the things in.We have nothing to worry about. (=There is nothing for us to worry about.)3.不定式作定语修饰一个在逻辑上是其宾语名词时,若在句子中能找到该不定式的逻辑主语, 则该不定式多用主动表被动,否则,用被动式。
(本结构是高考常考点)例如:I have a lot of things to do today. ( I ... do ... things)Have you got anything to say at the meeting? ( you... say ... anything)Here is a letter to be taken to Mr. Li.在there be句型中,有时用主动式或被动式意思不同。
1.2.our 1.分He is a student loved by all the teachers.The building being built will be the third Teaching Building of our school.2.像定语从句一样,分词作定语也有非限制性的,其作用相当于一个非限制性定语从句。
例如:The students, wearing their school uniforms, marched into the playground.The substance, discovered almost by accident,has greatly changed the world.非谓语动词做定语1.Many buildings in the city need repairing, but the one ______first is the library.A. repairedB. being repairedC. repairingD. to be repaired2.I'm calling to enquire about the position ________ in yesterday's China Daily.A. advertisedB. to be advertisedC. advertisingD. having advertised3.After she completes the project, she’ll have ________.A. nothing to worry aboutB. nothing to worryC. nothing to be worried aboutD. nothing worrying about4.His first book ______ next month is based on a true story.A. publishedB. to be publishedC. to publishD. being published5.The rare fish, _____ from the cooking pot, has been returned to the sea.A. savedB. savingC. to be savedD. having saved6. A great number of students ______ said they were forced to practise the piano.A. to questionB. to be questionedC. questionedD. questioning7.They built a house _____.A. of the things to put inB. of the things to be put inC. for the things to put inD. for the things to be put in8.That is the only way we can imagine __ the overuse of water in students'bathrooms.A. reducingB. to reduceC. reducedD. reduce9.There is a great deal of evidence ______that music activities engage different partsof the brain.A. indicateB. indicatingC. to indicateD. to be indicating10.We are invited to a party ______in our club next Friday.A. to be heldB. heldC. being heldD. holding11.The trees ________ in the storm have been moved off the road.A. being blown downB. blown downC. blowing downD. to blow down12.I have a lot of readings _____ before the end of this term.A. completingB. to completeC. completedD. being completed13.With the world changing fast, we have something new ______with all by ourselvesevery day.A. dealB. dealtC. to dealD. dealing14.The next thing he saw was smoke ______ from behind the house.A. roseB. risingC. to riseD. risen15.The government plans to bring in new laws _____ parents to take moreresponsibility for the education of their children.A. forcedB. forcingC. to be forcedD. having forced16.On receiving a phone call from his wife _____ she had a fall, Mr Gordonimmediately rushed home from office.A. saysB. saidC. sayingD. to say17.The players ____ from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in thissummer game .A. selectingB. to selectC. selectedD. having selected18.Simon made a big bamboo box _______ the little sick bird till it could fly.A. keepB. keptC. keepingD. to keep19.Peter received a letter just now ________ his grandma would come to see him soon.A.said B.says C.saying D.to say20.The island, ____ to the mainland by a bridge, is easy to go to.A. joiningB. to joinC. joinedD. having joined21.The rare fish, _____ from the cooking pot, has been returned to the sea.A. savedB. savingC. to be savedD. having saved22.Look over there—there’s a very long, winding path ______ up to the house.A. leadingB. leadsC. ledD. to lead23.Recently a survey _____ prices of the same goods in two different supermarketshas caused heated debate among citizens.A. comparedB. comparingC. comparesD. being compared24.The ability _____an idea is as important as the idea itself.A. expressingB. expressedC. to expressD. to be expressed25.Tsinghua University, ____ in 1911,is home to a great number of outstandingfigures.A. foundB. foundingC. foundedD. to be founded26.We’re having a meeting in half an hour. The decision ______at the meeting willinfluence the future of our company.A. to be madeB. being madeC. madeD. having been made27.After completing and signing it, please return the form to us in the envelope _____.A. providingB. providedC. having providedD. provide28.Time, ______ correctly, is money in the bank.A. to useB. usedC. usingD. use29.The lecture, _____ at 7:00 pm last night, was followed by an observation of themoon with telescopes.A. startingB. being startingC. to startD. to be started30.John has really got the job because he showed me the official letter _____ him it.A. offeredB. offeringC. to offerD. to be offered31.“It’s such a nice place,” Mother said as she s at at the table _____ for customers.A. to be reservedB. having reservedC. reservingD. reserved32. Now that we’ve discussed our problem, are people happy with the decisions __ ?A. takingB. takeC. taken D .to take33.The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and ____ less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat.A. being weighedB. to weighC. weighedD. weighing34. So far nobody has claimed the money ____ in the library.A. discoveredB. to be discoveredC. discoveringD. having discovered35. Mrs.White showed her students some old maps ______ from the library.A. to borrowB. to be borrowedC. borrowedD. borrowing答案1-5 DAABA 6-10 CDBBA 11-15 BBCBB 16-20 CCDCC21-25 AABCC 26-30 ABBAB 31-35 DCDAC。
高中英语知识点归纳非谓语动词作定语
高中英语知识点归纳非谓语动词作定语高中英语知识点归纳:非谓语动词作定语一、什么是非谓语动词作定语?非谓语动词是指动词的非谓语形式,包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。
当它们作为定语时,修饰名词或代词。
二、不定式作定语不定式作定语通常放在被修饰的名词或代词之后,用来修饰、限定该名词或代词的含义。
1. 不定式作定语的用法(1)表示将来的动作或状态:We have a lot of work to do tomorrow.(我们明天有很多工作要做。
)(2)表示目的或用途:I need a pen to write the letter.(我需要一支笔来写信。
)(3)表示结果或后果:We need a bigger table to put all the books on.(我们需要一张更大的桌子来放所有的书。
)2. 不定式作定语的注意事项(1)不定式与被修饰的名词之间可以有修饰成分:a book to read in my spare time(一本在我空闲时间读的书)。
(2)不定式可以有自己的宾语:a movie to watch(一部可以看的电影)。
三、动名词作定语动名词作定语通常放在被修饰名词之前,用来修饰、限定该名词的含义。
1. 动名词作定语的用法(1)表示被修饰名词的用途或用途:a writing desk(写字台)(2)表示被修饰名词的特征、特点:a running horse(奔跑的马)2. 动名词作定语的注意事项(1)有时动名词前面会加定冠词the:the rising sun(升起的太阳)(2)动名词可以有自己的宾语:a painting depicting nature(描绘自然的画作)四、现在分词作定语现在分词作定语通常放在被修饰名词之前,用来修饰、限定该名词的含义。
1. 现在分词作定语的用法(1)表示被修饰名词的原因:a crying baby(哭泣的婴儿)(2)表示被修饰名词的特征、状态:a falling star(坠落的星星)2. 现在分词作定语的注意事项(1)有时现在分词前面会加定冠词the:the shining moon(闪耀的月亮)(2)现在分词可以有自己的宾语:a smiling girl(微笑的女孩)五、对比不同非谓语动词作定语不定式、动名词和现在分词都可以作为定语,但它们的用法和表达的含义有所不同。
非谓语动词做定语
非谓语动词做定语非谓语动词做定语是指在句子中使用的不带有谓语动词功能的动词形式,用来修饰名词、代词或整个句子。
这类动词形式包括动名词、不定式和分词,作定语时,它们也可以表达与谓语动词相同的信息或者与之不同的信息,但其本身不表达动作的起始点或终点,也不发出一种完整的意思。
一般情况下,非谓语动词做定语都会在定语后置,只有当它们前面是一个非限定性定语时,才会放在定语前面,而限定性定语一般会放在它们前面。
另外,非谓语动词做定语时,它们的逻辑主语一般要与它们所修饰的名词保持一致。
1. 动名词做定语动名词做定语是指动名词放在它所修饰的名词之前,作为定语来修饰名词。
动名词作定语时,其后通常不加任何内容,但也可以加上“of”短语,表示把动作当做名词来看待,如:A: The announcement of the news shocked everyone. B: The news' announcing shocked everyone.此外,动名词作定语时,其逻辑主语一般与它所修饰的名词保持一致,如:The man's coming surprised us.2. 不定式做定语不定式做定语是指不定式放在它所修饰的名词之前,作为定语来修饰名词。
不定式作定语时,其后通常不加任何内容,但也可以加上“for”短语,表示不定式本身也是一种具体的动作,如:A: He was chosen to be the leader. B: He was chosen for leading the group.此外,不定式作定语时,其逻辑主语一般与它所修饰的名词保持一致,如:The dog's barking annoyed me.3. 分词做定语分词做定语是指分词放在它所修饰的名词之前,作为定语来修饰名词,这类分词包括现在分词和过去分词。
分词作定语时,其后可加上“-ing”、“-ed”或“-en”短语,表示分词本身也是一种具体的动作,如:A: The broken vase was thrown away. B: The vase broken was thrown away.此外,分词作定语时,其逻辑主语一般与它所修饰的名词保持一致,如:The girl singing on stage attracted manypeople's attention.总的来说,非谓语动词做定语时,可以用来表达与谓语动词相同的信息或者与之不同的信息,但其本身不表达动作的起始点或终点,也不发出一种完整的意思。
非谓语动词作定语和宾语补足语
非谓语动词作定语一、-ing形式作定语-ing 形式在句中做定语时有两种情况。
1. -ing 形式和所修饰的名词在逻辑上有主谓关系,表示这个名词(人或物)的动作或状态,相当于一个定语从句。
如:These dancing girls (= these girls who are dancing) are from my class.We should show respect for the working people (= the people who work).①表示现在(或当时)的状态,变为定语从句时常用一般时态。
The temple standing (=which/that stands) on the top of the hill was built in the Ming Dynasty.坐落在山顶上的那个寺庙建于明朝。
②表示正在进展的动作,变为定语从句时要用进展时态。
The woman talking to (=who/that is talking to) the secretary is our boss.3 .被动且正在发生,其构造为being done。
The question being discussed now is important.现在正在讨论的问题很重要John has really got the job because he showed me the official letter _____ him it.A. offeredB. offeringC. to offerD. to be offered1.The lecture, _____ at 7:00 pm last night, was followed by an observation of the moonwith telescopes.A. startingB. being startingC. to startD. to be started2.Peter received a letter just now ________ his grandma would e to see him soon.A.saidB.says C.saying D.to say3.The government plans to bring in new laws _____ parents to take more responsibilityfor the education of their children.A. forcedB. forcingC. to be forcedD. having forced5. Do you know the name of the play ______ in the hall now"A. to be put onB. being put onC. put onD. putting on二、过去分词作定语1.过去分词所表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生,并且表被动。
非谓语做定语精讲及练习
非谓语动词做定语:1.用不定式作定语的几种情况:(1)不定式表将来。
①The car to be bought is for his sister.②For 25 days,she never left her baby,not even to find something to eat!(2)用来修饰被序数词、形容词最高级或no,all,any等限定的中心词,且与中心词为逻辑上的主谓关系。
①He was the best man to do the job.②She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games.(3)有些与名词同形的动词常跟不定式,因而它们用作名词时也常跟不定式作定语,常见的有:promise,plan,attempt,offer等。
①I don't trust his promise to come for a visit.②He said he had no plans to go there.③He made an attempt to stand up.注意:作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词,或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等,不定式后面需有相应的介词。
The Browns have a comfortable house to live in.但是,不定式所修饰的名词如果是time,place或way时,不定式后面的介词习惯上会省去。
He had no place to live.(二)分词作定语1.作定语的及物动词的分词形式为:doingbeing donedone①The houses being built are for the teachers.②To return to the problem of water pollution,I'd like you to look at a study conducted in Australia in 2012.2.作定语的不及物动词的分词形式为:v.ing和过去分词。
非谓语动词作定语和宾语补足语归纳
非谓语动词作定语和宾语补足语归纳非谓语动词是指动词在句中不担任谓语的成分,它可以作定语(修饰名词或代词)或宾语补足语(用来补充说明宾语的性质或状态)。
非谓语动词分为动词不定式、动名词和分词三种形式。
本文将对非谓语动词作定语和宾语补足语的用法进行归纳,以帮助读者更好地理解和运用这一语法现象。
一、非谓语动词作定语非谓语动词作定语,通常用来修饰名词或代词,对被修饰成分进行补充说明。
以下是常见的非谓语动词作定语的用法:1. 动词不定式作定语动词不定式作定语时,常用于名词前,表示目的、原因、结果等。
例:- 一个好老师应该有耐心教学生。
(目的)- 他买了本教他们学英语的书。
(原因)- 她有一堆要做的作业。
(结果)2. 动名词作定语动名词作定语时,常用于名词前,表示动作或状态。
例:- 我喜欢吃巧克力冰淇淋。
(动作)- 我们正在进行一场环保活动。
(状态)- 这是一种减压的方法。
(状态)3. 分词作定语分词作定语时,通常有现在分词和过去分词两种形式,用于形容名词的特定状态或特征。
例:- 她穿着一件红色的连衣裙。
(现在分词形容名词的状态)- 这个破旧的建筑物即将被拆除。
(过去分词形容名词的特征)- 孩子们对教室里展示的画作非常感兴趣。
(过去分词形容名词的状态)二、非谓语动词作宾语补足语非谓语动词作宾语补足语,用来补充说明宾语的性质或状态。
以下是常见的非谓语动词作宾语补足语的用法:1. 动词不定式作宾语补足语动词不定式作宾语补足语时,通常用在宾语之后,表示目的、结果等。
例:- 她让儿子吃苹果,以增强他的免疫力。
(目的)- 我听到他打开了门。
(结果)- 他把座位调整得更适合工作。
(结果)2. 动名词作宾语补足语动名词作宾语补足语时,通常用在宾语之后,表示动作或状态。
例:- 我喜欢看电影。
(动作)- 她懂得如何解决这个问题。
(动作)- 我不能忍受他对我说谎。
(状态)3. 分词作宾语补足语分词作宾语补足语时,通常有现在分词和过去分词两种形式,用于形容宾语的特定状态或特征。
非谓语动词作定语讲解
非谓语动词作定语讲解非谓语动词是指不具备谓语功能的动词形式,可以在句子中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等成分。
其中,非谓语动词作定语是一种常见的用法。
非谓语动词作定语可以修饰名词或代词,起到进一步限定或说明的作用。
本文将详细介绍非谓语动词作定语的主要形式及用法。
一、不定式作定语不定式作定语通常放在被修饰词的后面,用来修饰名词或代词。
不定式作定语的形式为“to + 动词原形”。
例如:1. a place to visit(一个值得参观的地方):不定式to visit修饰名词place。
2. a book to read(一本值得阅读的书):不定式to read修饰名词book。
二、动名词作定语动名词作定语通常放在被修饰词的前面,用来修饰名词或代词。
动名词作定语的形式为“动词-ing形式”。
例如:1. a swimming pool(一个游泳池):动名词swimming修饰名词pool。
2. a running track(一条跑道):动名词running修饰名词track。
三、过去分词作定语过去分词作定语通常放在被修饰词的前面或后面,用来修饰名词或代词。
过去分词作定语的形式为“动词过去分词形式”。
例如:1. a broken window(一扇破碎的窗户):过去分词broken修饰名词window。
2. a written report(一份书面报告):过去分词written修饰名词report。
四、形容词作定语形容词作定语通常放在被修饰词的前面,用来修饰名词或代词。
形容词作定语的形式为形容词本身。
例如:1. a blue sky(一个蓝天):形容词blue修饰名词sky。
2. a tall building(一座高楼):形容词tall修饰名词building。
五、现在分词作定语现在分词作定语通常放在被修饰词的前面或后面,用来修饰名词或代词。
现在分词作定语的形式为“动词-ing形式”。
例如:1. a singing bird(一只唱歌的鸟):现在分词singing修饰名词bird。
非谓语动词作定语的用法总结
非谓语动词作定语的用法总结
非谓语动词是指不具有主谓结构的动词形式,包括不定式、动名词和分词。
在英语中,非谓语动词也可以用作定语,用来修饰名词或代词。
以下是非谓语动词作定语的用法总结:
1. 不定式作定语:
- 不定式作定语通常放在被修饰的名词之后。
例如:"an easy book to read"(一本容易阅读的书)。
- 不定式作定语可以用来表示目的、用途或结果。
例如:"a tool to fix the bike"(修理自行车的工具)。
2. 动名词作定语:
- 动名词作定语通常放在被修饰的名词之前。
例如:"the swimming pool"(游泳池)。
- 动名词作定语可以用来表示被修饰名词的用途、原因或特征。
例如:"a writing desk"(写字台)。
3. 分词作定语:
- 分词作定语可以是现在分词(-ing形式)或过去分词(-ed形式)。
- 现在分词作定语通常表示正在进行的动作或者被修饰名词的特征。
例如:"a smiling child"(笑着的孩子)。
- 过去分词作定语通常表示被修饰名词的状态或者受到的动作。
例如:"a broken window"(破碎的窗户)。
非谓语动词作定语的用法可以丰富句子,使其更加具体和生动。
熟练掌握这些用法可以帮助我们更好地表达和理解英语。
2023年上海市英语高考一轮复习精讲精练专题05:状语从句用法梳理梳理带讲解
though, although, even if/even though(即使) , as,
as 在让步状语从句中常用倒装形式;
让步 状语
whether… or(无论...还是...)while(尽管) whatever, whoever, whichever, whenever, however, no matter+ what/ who/ how/ when
题的根源。 If you miss this chance,it may be years before you get another one. 如果你错过了这次机会,可能需要很多年你才能再获得一次。 (2)since 意为“自从……以来”,常用句式:It is/ has been+一段时间+since 从句(常用过去时)。since 从句的时态若是一般过去时,主句的时态常用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。 As is reported,it is over 100 years since Qinghua University was founded. 正如所报道的,清华大学自建立以来已有一百多年了。 4.till/until 引导的时间状语从句 until/till 用于肯定句表示“直到……为止”,其主句谓语动词必须为延续性动词;not...until/till...表示“直 到……才……”,not 所在的主句的谓语动词必须为非延续性动词。until 可用于句首,而 till 不能。
so that, so…that, such…that
so + 形容词或副词+ that such + 名词+ that
比较 状语
than, (just) as; as…as, not so/as…as, the more…the more
高中英语2024届高考考点讲解与练习(非谓语动词作定语+非谓语动词作状语+非谓语动词作宾语补足语)
高考英语语法考点讲解与练习一、非谓语动词作定语【知识要点】1、非谓语动词包括四种:-to do不定式,-ing分词,-ed分词和动名词。
(重点为前三种)2、非谓语动词的词性及句法功能①-to do不定式相当于名词、形容词和副词,可以在句子中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语;②-ing分词相当于形容词和副词,可以在句子中充当表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语;③-ed分词相当于形容词和副词,可以在句子中充当表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语;④动名词相当于名词,可以在句子中充当主语、宾语、表语和定语。
3、前三种非谓语动词的形式与意义① -ing分词的基本意义为:主动或进行,变形有:进行式:doing被动式:being done完成式:having done完成被动式:having been done②-to do不定式的基本意义为:主动将来,变形有:进行式:to be doing被动式:to be done完成式:to have done完成被动式:to have been done③-ed分词表示被动或完成。
4、非谓语动词作定语由于三种非谓语动词都具有形容词的性质,所以它们都可以在句子中充当定语,并根据其在被修饰的名词中心词的前后位置,分为前置定语和后置定语两种。
the falling leaves (-ing分词作前置定语,“正在下落的叶子”)the leaves falling in the sky (-ing分词短语作后置定语,“正在空中下落的叶子”)the coming/following day (-ing分词作前置定语,“第二天”)the day to come (-to do分词短语作后置定语,“第二天”)the fallen leaves (-ed分词作前置定语,“已经落地的叶子/落叶”)the house burnt to the ground (-ed分词短语作后置定语,“被烧成废墟的房子”)【练习】单句语法填空1.Looking at the ______ (fall) leaves in the sky, he knows the fall is coming.2.Seeing the ______ (fall) leaves on the ground, he decided to do some sweeping first before sitting down to have a rest.3.It is said that the building ______ (build) here next year will be completed within one year.4.It is said that the building ______ (build) here now will be completed within one year.5.It is said that the building ______ (build) here last year will be rebuilt soon.6.The gentleman ______ (seat) next to Tom is his best friend.7.The gentleman ______ (sit) next to Tom is his best friend.8.The room was in a mass, with those ______ (break) furniture.9.The purely white snow looks like a beautiful blanket ______ (cover) the land.10.The police have got enough evidence ______ (prove) that he is guilty.11.Turn to the right and you will see a wide road ______ (lead) up to the building.12.If you get the first place, you will win an all expenses ______ (pay) journey.13.All the ______ (question) people supported the government’s latest policy.14.You should keep well the books ______ (borrow) from the library.15.Can those people ______ (seat) at the back hear me?二、非谓语动词作状语【知识要点】非谓语动词作状语由于三种非谓语动词都具有副词的性质,所以它们都可以在句子中充当状语。
高考英语语法专项-非谓语作定语和状语(详解与真题)
近5年高考全国卷真题语法专项-非谓语作定语和状语(详解与真题)本考点是近几年高考全国卷中考查的重点也是难点,主要是考查非谓语的三种形式即doing; done; to do在句中的用法;考查形式:语法填空和短文改错;其次就是阅读理解和完型填空中长难句以及书面表达等。
1考点聚焦1.作定语功能:相当于形容词,修饰名词,在句中作定语位置:一般位于名词之后,没有逗号隔开例如:She is the girl living in China.(作定语)2. 作状语功能:在句中作为插入语,表示伴随;位置:一般也是位于名词或某个句子后,有逗号隔开;例如:She is the girl , living in China.(作状语)2考点精讲1. doing: 表示主动,进行,性质;2. done:表示被动,完成,状态;3. to do: 表示目的,将来;1)作定语例如:(1)There is the man standing under the tree.(这里the man与stand之间构成的是主动关系,所以用doing形式即standing)(2) That is the bike repaired by Tom.(这里the bike与repair之间构成是被动关系,所以用done的形式即repaired)(3) There is a party to be held next week.( 这里有next week表示将来,所以用to do 形式)2) 作状语(1)在句中或句尾用逗号隔开的例如:Tom, living in China, invented the bike.(作插入语)There is the man,standing under the tree.That is the bike,repaired by Tom.注意:用done或是doing还是依据句中的某个名词或是整个句子与动词间的关系(2) 在句子的开头,用逗号隔开例如:Knowing that he is a student, we try our best to help him.(这里we与know之间是主动关系,所以是doing形式)Absorbed in painting, John didn’t notice evening approaching.(这里John与absorb之间构成被动关系,所以是done形式)To complete the job in time, the staffs were working on weekends.(这里表示目的关系,用to do形式)(3)with +sth+doing/done/to do的结构,表示伴随(看sth与动词间关系)例如:With the society developing rapidly, +句子。
非谓语作定语
非谓语作定语非谓语作定语是汉语中一种常见的用法,它是一种让句子有更复杂和多元的表达方式。
非谓语作定语是指非谓语动词、非谓语形容词或非谓语副词作定语,修饰名词或代词。
它可以用来描述名词所表达的事物或者某个特定的动作或特定的属性。
首先要明确的是,非谓语作定语的用法往往不同于谓语作定语的用法,它们有自身的语法特征,必须深入理解才能正确使用。
非谓语作定语可以分为非谓语动词作定语、非谓语形容词作定语和非谓语副词作定语三种形式。
非谓语动词作定语是非谓语作定语中最常见的一种形式,它以动词不定式、动名词、分词的形式出现。
这种类型的非谓语作定语可以用来描述动作的状态,也可以描述动作的结果。
例如:一本待读的书(read)一个正在修建的房子(building)一辆待驾驶的车(drive)非谓语形容词作定语是一种比较特殊的非谓语形式,它涉及到形容词不定式、形容词分词、形容词短语,它们可以用来修饰表示形容词意义的名词。
例如:一只漂亮的小鸟(beautiful)一个可爱的孩子(lovely)一件帅气的衣服(smart)最后是非谓语副词作定语,它们可以表示一个事件或一个动作的时间、地点、程度或条件。
它们可以用来对某个动作或事件作出更具体的说明。
例如:一件入夜前的衣服(before dark)一只上山时的梅花(while climbing)一件在雨中湿透的衣服(in the rain)非谓语作定语具有许多使用形式,但是不论是何种形式,它们都能增强句子的表达力,增加句子的复杂性,使句子更具有仪式感。
在实际的语言使用中,我们应该注意非谓语作定语的语意差异。
非谓语动词作定语表示动作,非谓语形容词作定语表示属性,而非谓语副词作定语表示时间、地点、程度或条件。
另外,在使用非谓语作定语时,应当注意语序的正确,以保证句子的准确表达。
总之,非谓语作定语是汉语中一种常见的用法,它丰富了表达方式,让语言更有表现力和有趣,在语言使用中要注意非谓语定义词作定语的语意差异和正确的语序,以保证语言的准确表达。
高中英语 语法填空之非谓语动词作定语
语法填空之非谓语动词作定语解题思路提示词是动词,且句中已有谓语,根据非谓语动词与主语的逻辑关系确定用何种形式作定语。
①若表将来的动作,用不定式to do;如表将来的被动的动作,用to be done。
②若与逻辑主语是主动关系,用现在分词(v.-ing);若与逻辑主语是被动关系,用过去分词(v.-ed)。
③若表被动且为正在发生的动作用being done。
④看见first、second等序数词,last、next、only等以及形容词最高级(+名词),用不定式作定语。
该结构中主语与不定式应是逻辑上的主谓关系。
⑤抽象名词ability、chance、opportunity、patience、plan、promise、right 等后常用不定式作后置定语。
注:一些抽象名词如plan、ability、chance、right、desire、hope、wish、fact、excuse、way等,常用动词不定式作后置定语;另外,当中心词为序数词、最高级、the last、the only等或中心词被这类词所修饰时,多用不定式作后置定语。
语法详解一. 不定式作定语,要放在它所修饰的名词之后,表示一个将来的动作。
如:They have three tickets to spare. 他们多三张票。
She has plenty of clothes to wear. 她有足够的衣服穿。
1). 做定语的不定式如果是不及物动词,或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等,不定式后面须有相应的介词。
如:The Browns have a comfortable house to live in.布朗一家有一所舒适的房子住。
I’ve always dreamt of a pair of wings to fly with.我一直梦想有一对翅膀可以飞翔。
但是:不定式所修饰的名词如果是time, place或way时,不定式后面的介词习惯上可以省略。
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分词形容词性化
escaped 逃犯 an _____________ prisoner promising 有前途的年轻人 a ______________ youth heated 热烈的讨论 a ___________ discussion sunken 沉船 a __________ ship unexpected 出人意料的结局 an _______________ result remaining 剩下的20美元 _______________ 20 dollars
3. 由情感动词转化而来的非谓语,“-ing”分 词表示“令人感到…”;“-ed”分词表示“自 己感到…”。如:
令人吃惊 a surprising result ____________ 的结果 感到惊讶 a surprised teacher ____________ 的教师 令人信服 a convincing excuse _____________ 的理由
充满信念 a convinced supporter ____________ 的支持者
注意:
如下结构我们也用“-ed”形式前置作定语,但表 示情绪: a surprised/worried look = a look which shows surprise/worry ___________________ a satisfied smile = a smile which shows _________________ satisfaction a puzzled expression = an expression which shows puzzle/puzzlement _____________________ an excited voice = a voice which shows excitement __________________
动词不定式作定语的情况
2. 有些名词的同词根动词常跟不定式,因而它也常 跟不定式作定语。如:
The spokesman said that the government has no plan ______________ to increase (increase) the taxes. to get His ability _______________ (get) on well with people has made his career quite successful. 这样的名词有: ability, ambition, anxiety, attempt, courage, decision, eagerness, effort, failure, offer, plan, promise, refusal, readiness, right, willingness, wish
注意:
The scientist who won the Nobel Prize last year will give the college students a lecture tomorrow.
不可以 (可以/不可以)用非谓语来取 _________ 代定语从句。
没有 (有/没有)完成式。 非谓语作定语______
devoted 忠实的朋友 a ____________ friend missing boy 失踪的男孩 a _________ borrowed 外来语 ___________words dying 奄奄一息的老人 a ________old man lighted 点燃的蜡烛 a _________candle brightly-lit 灯火通明的房间 a ____________room
非谓语作前置定语
1. 动名词和现在分词的区别: a swimming pool/a swimming fish a sleeping room/a sleeping boy 功能,作用 1)动名词表示_________ 动作 2)分词表示______
2. 现在分词和过去分词的区别: a walking dictionary/a borrowed dictionary freezing weather/frozen food the rising sun/the risen sun falling leaves/fallen leaves a developing country/a developed country 主动,进行 1)现在分词表示________________ 被动,完成 2)过去分词表示________________
过去分词前置与后置意思不同的情况
关切 的眼神 a concerned look ______ 相关 的问题 the problem concerned _______ 旧 a used machine ______ 的机器 所采用 的机器 the machine used ________
将下列定语从句转换为非谓语形式
4. The Nhomakorabeaproblems which are being discussed now are of great importance. The problems ________________ being discussed now are of great importance. 5. The lecture which will be given includes the French Revolution. The lecture ________________ to be given includes the French Revolution. 6. The next train which arrives is from New York. The next train _________________ is from New York. to arrive
分词作定语形式
主动 现在分词 过去分词 不定式 被动
doing / to do
being done done to be done
doing和to do作后置定语的区别
The man _______________ (deliver) a delivering speech now is our headmaster.
*常见错误
错误1:The farmer used wood to build a house which to store grains in. 错误2:The farmer used wood to build a house to store grains. 错误3:The farmer used wood to build a house where to store grains.
动词不定式作定语的情况
3. 介词+关系代词+动词不定式的结构: The farmer used wood to build a house which he stored grains in. The farmer used wood to build a house to store grains in. The farmer used wood to build a house in which he stored grains. The farmer used wood to build a house in which to store grains.
非谓语作定语
高三英语语法复习五
将下列定语从句转换为非谓语形式
1. The man who brings China daily has been quite familiar with me. The man ___________________ China daily has been bringing quite familiar with me. 2. The man who is standing at the gate is my English teacher. standing The man ___________________ at the gate is my English teacher. 3. The writer who is respected by others writes a lot of best sellers. respected The writer __________________ by others writes a lot of best sellers.
动词不定式作定语的情况
1. 由序数词(the first/second/last等),
最高级(the best,the earliest等), the only,the next等修饰的名词后面常 用不定式作定语。如:
to come He is always the first __________ (come) to leave (leave). to the office and the last ________
The man _______________ (deliver) a to deliver speech tomorrow will be our headmaster.
being done,done和to be done 作后置定语的区别
built The bridge ________________ (build) 100 years ago is still in good condition. being built The bridge ________________ (build) now will be completed next week. to be built The bridge ________________ (build) next week will be the longest one in the world.