第八章_英语语篇的连贯与翻译

3. 常识 or 共有知识 common sense 从上面的例子可以看出，表面衔接的语 篇并不一定连贯。但是，表面没有明显 衔接标记的语篇却可以是连贯的。 —Can you tell me the time? —Well, the milkman has come. 请看下面一则广告： Act II Microwave Popcorn Cinema Sweet
对于心里似乎总是想着大祸临头的人们来说，这一 切令人欢欣鼓舞的好事显然是太好了。在1988年人 们对环境的担忧比以往任何时候都更为加剧的一年 里，那种令人欢欣鼓舞的事也没有缺掉。海洋污染 似乎已经触及各个大陆，废弃的医药垃圾已冲到美 国大西洋沿岸的沙滩上，奄奄一息的海豹也漂浮到 北海的海滩…… Improved version 对人的本性而言，好消息显然是过多了，因为人似 乎总是希望听到那些厄运即将临头的消息。1988年 倒也不乏这样的坏消息，人们对环境的问题比以往 任何时候都更加忧心忡忡。海洋污染似乎已经殃及 各个大陆，废弃的医药垃圾被冲到美国大西洋沿岸 的沙滩上，奄奄一息的海豹也漂浮到北海的海滩 上……
股票和证券是你在一家公司里投资的凭据， 如果是“金边债券”，就证明你通过购买政 府债券，把钱借给了政府。这些证券是重要 的凭据，应该妥善保存，但是这些凭据并不 像粮食或工业原料那样“拿来就能用”。
2. 句法层面上的连贯调整 Bluewater is a symbol of retail excellence, achieved through a unique combination of design, retail mix, leisure, catering and hospitality. The center, surrounded by parkland, is situated in the country’s most affluent region. Eleven million people, with a combined spending power predicted to exceed a record ￡5.5 bn, live within 60 minutes of the center.
Improved version 对人的本性而言，好消息显然是过多了， 因为人似乎总是希望听到那些厄运即将 临头的消息。1988年倒也不乏这样的坏 消息，人们对环境的问题比以往任何时 候都更加忧心忡忡。海洋污染似乎已经 殃及各个大陆，废弃的医药垃圾被冲到 美国大西洋沿岸的沙滩上，奄奄一息的 海豹也漂浮到北海的海滩上……
霍纳斯百货连锁是英国商业大街上一个 家喻户晓的名字，它拥有32家百货上电， 均位于市中心的重要地段或郊外的零售 园区。虽然有些竞争对手成功地拓展了 业务，进而销售各类美味即食食品或提 供各种金融服务，但是霍纳斯百货连锁 则专门瞄准服装、饰品以及家庭用品市 场。霍纳斯通过向顾客提供各种质高价 优的商品，已经成为英国最受欢迎的百 货公司之一。
第八章 英语语篇的连贯与翻 译
An economic perspective
一、语篇的连贯及其决定因素
（一）连贯： 语篇的连贯指的是语篇中语义上的相互关 联。连贯存在于语篇的深层，体现了语篇 中各个成分之间的逻辑关系，也体现了语 篇作者的交际意图和预期的语篇功能。

Horners is a familiar name on the UK’s high streets, operating from 32 department stores situated either in prime city center location or out of town retail parks. Although some competitors have successfully branched out into gourmet ready-to-eat foods or experimented with financial services, Horners has chosen to specialize in the clothing, accessories and home product markets. By offering a range of competitively-priced merchandise of a high standard to its customers, Horners has become one of the country’s favourite department stores.
布鲁沃特购物中心是零售业的卓越象征，集非凡 的店面设计、零售组合、休闲、餐饮以及交际休 闲为一体。该中心绿地环绕，位于国内最富足的 地区。有1,100万人口，预计综合购买力超过前 所未有的55亿英镑，居住在离该中心只有60分钟 的路程内。 Improved version 布鲁沃特购物中心集非凡的设计、零售组合、休 闲、餐饮以及交际休闲为一体，成为零售业的卓 越象征。该中心位于国内最富足的地区，公共绿 地环绕四周。1,100万人口居住在离该中心只有 60分钟的路程内，预计综合购买力超过前所未有 的55亿英镑。
（二）译文连贯的重构 1. 词语层面上的连贯调整 Stock and share certificates are evidence of your stake in a company, or in case of “Gilts”, that you have lent money to the government by buying government stock. They are important documents that should be kept carefully, but they are not “useful” in the senses the foodstuffs or raw materials for industry are.
高处不胜寒。只要请问国际商业机器公司。一 群小小的竞争对手通过销售IBM个人电脑的衍 生品蚕食IBM的利润，较大规模的竞争对手正 在联合起来，试图在利润丰硕的软件及办公室 网络业务上击败这家电脑大公司。 Improved version 高处不胜寒，个中滋味，可以请问国际商业机 器公司（IBM）。如今一群小公司正通过销售 IBM个人电脑的衍生品，渐渐蚕食着IBM的利 润。与此同时，较大规模的竞争对手也正在联 合起来，试图在利润丰硕的软件及办公室网络 等业务上，击败这家电脑界的巨擎。
下面看一例误译，以了解连贯的重要性。 All this good cheer was plainly too much for human nature, which seems to crave a regular dose of impending doom. That was not missing in ’88, when fears about the environment loomed larger than ever before. Ocean pollution seemed to touch every continent; medical wastes washed up on America’s Atlantic beaches, and dying seals on the shores of the North Sea….
衔接与连贯有着紧密的对应关系，连贯良好 的语篇往往有着很好的衔接机制。在翻译过 程中，辨清原文的衔接关系，对于译文连贯 的重建有着十分重要的意义。但值得注意的 是，衔接只是体现语篇的表层结构关系，并 不能保证语篇各个成分之间互有意义。如： My car is black. Black English was a controversial subject in the seventies. At seventy most people have retired. To retire means “to put new tires on a vehicle”. Some vehicles such as a hovercraft, have no wheels. Wheels go round.
There are two types of bank account. The first type is known as current account; the second as deposit account. With a current account a customer can issue personal checks which give the bearer the right to receive the money specified. There is no interest paid on this type of account. With a deposit account, however, the customer is willing to leave this money in the bank for a period of time. There is interest paid on this money.
Topic sentence—scope of business— characteristics of the store 衔接手段的应用：照应、连接词although、 Horners 和department store 重复出现、 同义词 Horners, department store, high streets 和city centre locations, retail parks以及town等 所以，原文通过信息的有序排列和衔接这 张有形的网，使语篇的语意连贯、文意清 晰。
二、译者的语篇意识与译文的连贯重构
（一）译者的连贯意识 It’s lonely at the top. Just ask IBM. While a crowd of Lilliputian competitors is nibbling away at profits by selling “clones” of IBM’s personal computers, larger rivals are teaming up in an attempt to beat the computer colossus in the profitable software and office-network business.