专四必考词义辨析

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1、even if(=even though即便)

请比较下面两个例句:

You must go tomorrow if you are ready.

如果你准备好了,明天你必须走。

You must go tomorrow even if you aren’t ready.

哪怕你没有准备好,明天你也得走。

2、whether…or(=if…or是否)

You must go tomorrow whether you are ready or not.

无论你明天是否准备好了,你都必须走。

3、unless+肯定动词(=if+否定动词除非)

Unless you start at once you’ll be late.相当于:

If you don’t start at once you’ll be late.

除非你立即动身,否则你就会迟到。

Unless you had a permit you couldn’t get a job.相当于:

If you hadn’t a permit you couldn’t get a job.

除非你有执照,否则你就找不到工作。

注意下面两个例句间的区别:

(a)Don’t call ′me if you need help.

如果你需要帮助的话,别打电话找我。

(b)Don’t call me unless you need help.

除非你需要帮助否则别打电话找我。

在例句(a)中,即使在对方需要帮助的时候,说话人也不愿意去帮助对方。在例句(b)中,在对方需要帮助的时候,说话人愿意帮助对方,但说话人不愿意对方在不要紧的时候打电话找自己。

unless+he’d/you’d like/prefer等通常可用来代替if he/you wouldn’t like 等:

I’ll ask Tom,unless you’d prefer me to ask/unless you’d rather I asked Bill.我去问汤姆,除非你宁愿叫我去问比尔。

4、but for(=if it were not for/if it hadn’t been for不然)

My father pays me fees.But for that I wouldn’t be here.

我父亲给我一笔补贴费。不然我就不会在这里了。

The car broke down.But for that we would have been in time.

汽车出毛病了。要不是那个我们会及时赶到的。

5、otherwise(=if this doesn’t happen/didn’t happen/hadn’t happened 否则)

We must be back before midnight;otherwise we’ll be locked out.

我们必须在午夜之前赶回去,否则我们就会被锁在门外。相当于:

If we are not back by midnight we’ll be locked out.

如果我们不在午夜之前赶回去,我们就会被锁在门外。

Her father pays her fees;otherwise she wouldn’t be here.

她的费用是她的父亲付的,否则她就不会在这里。相当于:

If her father didn’t pay her fees she wouldn’t be here.

要是她的父亲不付她的费用,她就不会在这里了。

I used my calculator;otherwise I’d have taken longer.

我用了计算器,不然我花的时间就会更多。相当于:

If I hadn’t used my calculator I’d have taken longer.

要是我没用计算器,我花的时间就会更多。

6、在日常英语中or(+else)可以代替otherwise:

We must be early or(else)we won’t get a seat.

我们必须早去,否则就不会有座位了。

7、存在强烈的限制或约束的意思时,provided(that)可以代替if。它主要用来表示允许:

You can camp here provided you leave no mess.

你们如果保持整洁的话,可以在这里宿营。

H suppose/supposing…?(=what if…?假如)

Suppose the plane is late?相当于:

What if/What will happen if the plane is late?

假如飞机误点的话,将会出现什么情况?

Suppose no one had been there?相当于:

What if no one had been there?

假如没有人去过那里的话,会怎么样?

suppose也可以引出建议:

Suppose you ask him?/Why don’t you ask him?

假如你问一问他呢?/你为什么不问一问他呢?

worth、worthy、worthwhile的用法区别

这三个词都是形容词,都有“值得的”的意思,但用法或搭配关系不同。

1. worth是一个只能作表语的形容词,意思为“值……的”、“相当于……的价值的”、“有……价值的”、“值得……的”。后接名词、接动名词的主动形式。例如:

This second-hand car is worth $2000 at the most.

The exhibition is worth a visit/visiting.

It’s not worth getting angry with him.

The question is not worth discussing again and again.

2. worthy可作表语,也可作定语。作定语时意思为“有价值的”、“值得尊敬的”、“应受到赏识的”;用作表语时意思为“值得……的”、“应得到……的”,其后接of sth.,也可以后接to do sth.,例如:

①That is worthy of note. 那件事值得注意。

②This phenomenon is worthy of being studied. 这种现象值得研究。

③This problem is worthy to be considered. 这个问题值得考虑。

④The film is worthy to be seen again. 这部电影值得再看一遍。

⑤This is a worthy English-Chinese dictionary. 这是一本有价值的英汉词典。

⑥This is a worthy article. 这是一篇值得一看的文章。

⑦He said he was not worthy to accept such honour

⑧The school has educated many worthy young people.

⑨The question is not worthy to be discussed again and again.

作后置定语时,必须用“worthy of +名词”结构。例如:

⑩There is nothing worthy of mention. 没有值得一提的事情。

②This is behavior worthy of praise. 这是值得称赞的行为。

③Something find and rare --- something worthy of the honor of being owned by Jim.

(S3 Unit 10 P84)

注:“worthy of+动名词”与“worth+动名词”在形式上完全不同:worthy of后面接被动式的动名词;而worth后面接主动式的动名词,虽然在形式上是主动的,但其意义仍然是被动的。试比较:

The second-hand house is worthy of being bought. = The second-hand house is worth buying.

3. worthwhile与worthy一样,既可作表语,又可作定语。表示某事因重要、有趣或受益大而值得花时间、金钱或努力去做,一般做“值得的”、“值得做的”、“有意义的”解。用作表语时,可接动名词或动词不定式。例如:

The Summer Palace is worthwhile going / to go to have a visit.

Helping old people is a worthwhile activity.

Thank you for your worthwhile suggestion.

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