限制性和非限制性定语从句的区别
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3.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别
1)形式上:有无“,”逗号
The The
food which wasn’t in the fridge all went bad. food, which wasn’t in the fridge, all went bad.
2)功能不同
翻译的方法:
限定性定语从句一般翻译成 “……的”
非限定性定语从句往往另起一句来翻译。
The food which wasn’t in the fridge all went bad.
没有放在冰箱里的食物都坏了。
The food, which wasn’t in the fridge, all went bad.
限定性定语从句用于对先行词的意义进行修饰、限制和识
别,如果去掉,就会造成句意不完整或概念不清;而非限 定性定语从句用于对先行词起补充说明作用,如果省略, 句意仍然清楚、完整。如:
People
who take physical exercise live longer. 进行体育锻炼的人 活得长些。(若把从句去掉句子就失去意义) 修饰限制
He He
gave me some suggestions (which) are quite useful for me. made such rapid progress, which surprised us all.
Exercise
6)关系词不同
关系词that和why可用于限制性定语从句中
, 通常不用于非限
制性定语从句;
另外,在限制性定语从句中,关系词有时可以省略( 宾 语 ) ,
而在非限制性定语从句中关系词一律不省略。
她收到了老板的邀请,这是她意想不到的。 误:She received an invitation from her boss, that came as a surprise. 正:She received an invitation from her boss, which came as a surprise. 他失去工作的主要原因是他喝酒。
误:The main reason, why he lost his job, was that he drank.
正:The main reason why he lost his job was that he drank.
另外,在限制性定语从句中,关系代词which用作宾语时,如
果不是紧跟在介词之后,通常可以省略;但在非限制性定语 从句中,不管在什么情况下均不可省略关系代词which。
知道那里堵车的计程车司机换了另一条道。
The
cab drivers, who knew about the traffic jam, took another road.
计程车司机因为知道那里塞车了,他们都换了另一条道。
4)含义不同
比较下面的两个句子:
I I
பைடு நூலகம்
have a sister who is a doctor. 我有一个医生的姐姐。(姐姐 不止一个) have a sister, who is a doctor. 我有一个姐姐,她是当医生 的。(只有一个姐姐)
食物都坏了,因为没有放在冰箱里。 He is the man whose car was stolen. 他就是汽车被窃的那个人。
I’ve invited Jim, who lives in the next flat. 我邀请了吉姆,他就住 在隔壁。
The
cab drivers who knew about the traffic jam took another road.
daughter, who is in Boston now, is coming home next week. 他女儿现在在波士顿,下星期回来。(若把从句去句子意义仍然 完整) 补充说明
His
3)翻译的方法
在翻译定语从句时,一般把限定性定语从句翻译在它所修
饰的先行词之前,而把非限定性定语从句与主句分开。
定语从句 Relative Clause (三) 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别
Review
1.定语从句相关概念(先行词、关系词或引导词)
2. 关系词的选择(关系代词:主宾表定;关系副词:状语)
3.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别
两者的区别:
1)形式上;
2)功能上; 3)翻译方法; 4)含义; 5)先行词; 6)关系词;
Peter
He
drove too fast, which was dangerous. 彼得开车很快, 这是很危险的。(which指drive too fast)
changed his mind, which made me very angry. 他改变了 主意,这使我很生气。(which指整个主句)
5)先行词不同
限定性定语从句的先行词只能是名词或代词,
而非限定性定语从句的先行词则可以是名词或代词,也可
以是短语或句子;如:
The
area along the Yellow River is the place which needs to be protected.(which指 the place)