现在进行时知识点讲解及相关习题
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现在进行时:
一.定义
表示现在正在进行的动作. They are playing football now.
二.结构: 主语+(am, is, are ) + 动词的ing+其他
We are watching TV.
三.时间状语
now, right now, at the moment等时间状语连用。会与look,listen连用,表示正在进行的动作。
At the moment he is reading an interesting book.
Listen! Someone is singing in the next room.
现在进行时除表示正在进行的动作之外还可以表示即将发生的动作或在最后按计划或安排打算要进行的动作,这时一般带一个表示将来时间的状语,但有时上下文较明确的情况下无需指出时间。能用现在进行时表示将来时的动词仅限于少量主要表示方位移动的动词。如:come, go, leave, die, start, arrive, get, stay, travel, do, work, give, reach, return, play, have, meet, take, get to, see off 等。
如:They are playing some folk music next. 他们下面将演奏一些民间乐曲。
We are having an English party tonight. 今晚我们要开英语晚会。
A foreign teacher is arriving at 6:00. Is anyone meeting him at the airport?
外教六点到,有人去接他么?
某些表示感觉或状态的动词,如:l ove, like, prefer, hate, see, know等一般不用现在进行时。
如:Lucy prefers art to science.
定义:现在进行时一般表示现在或现阶段正在进行或发生的动作,简称动词ing形式,由be(am/is/are)+动词ing(也叫现在分词)构成谓语,be是助动词,帮助构成时态、语态及语气、否定句和疑问句。
句型结构:
1)肯定句:主+be+动词ing+……
2)否定句:主+be+not+动词ing+……
3)一般疑问句:Be+主+动词ing+……?Yes, 主+be. No, 主+be not.
4)特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+ 相应be动词+ 主语+ 动词ing ……?eg. What are you d oing? 你正在干什么?Who is singing a song? 谁在唱歌呢?Why are they cleaning their room?他们为什么在打扫房间?
现在进行时特殊疑问句的答语
回答特殊疑问时,根据不同的疑问词的情况来决定回答方式。回答what提问时,答语是现在进行时的肯定形式;回答who提问时,只需说明主语是谁,再加相应的be动词即可。
eg. What is he d oing? He is writing a letter.他正在干什么?他正在写信。Who is swimming in the lake? Jim is. 谁正在湖里游泳?吉姆正在游泳。
句型变化见下例:They are reading an English book.(肯)
→They are not reading an English book. (否)
→Are they reading an English book? (一般)
Yes, they are. No,they aren’t.(肯定,否定回答)
→They are reading an English book. (提问)
→What are they d oing?
Lisa and Tim are waiting for a bus.(肯)
→Lisa and Tim are not waiting for a bus.(否)
→Are Lisa and Tim waiting for a bus? (一般)
Yes, they are. No, they aren’t.
→Lisa and Tim are waiting for a bus.(提问)
→What are Lisa and Tim waiting for?
→Lisa and Tim are waiting for a bus.(提问)
Who are waiting for a bus?
动词ing(也叫动词现在分词)的变化规则
1.一般在动词后直接加上-ing。例如:work→working, do→doing, talk→talking,drink→drinking,watch→watching, draw→drawing eat→eating
2. 以不发音e结尾的动词应先去掉e然后加-ing。例如:write→writing, skate→skating have→having dance→dancing take→taking make→making
3.以ie结尾的动词,变ie为y加-ing。例如:lie→lying, die→dying
4.以重读闭音节结尾的动词,如果该单词末尾只有一个辅音字母,则应先双写该辅音字母,再加-ing。例如:begin→beginning, run→running,swim→swimming,shop→shopping,get→getting,put→putting,forget→frogetting,sit→sitting要双写的动词一般满足下面三个条件:①单词末尾的字母结构是“辅+元+辅”;②上述结构中的元音字母发短元音;③单词末尾的音节重读。例如:run→running, begin→beginning
要点综述:现在进行时的基本用法
1)表示此时此刻现在进行的动作。与之连用的时间状语有“now”“at the/this moment”(现在、正在),“look (看),listen(听),”:
Now, the students are having an English class. 同学们现在上英语课。
The teacher is teaching them English at the moment. 老师正在教他们英语。
2)表示现阶段正在进行的动作,但说话的此刻不一定正在进行。与之连用的时间状语有“these days”(最近/这些天)this week(这个星期), this month(这个月):
I’m studying English these days. 最近我一直在学英语。
3)现在always,等副词连用,表示说话人带有赞赏或抱怨感***彩:be always d oing sth 总是做……He is always talking at class.他上课时总是说话。