英语修辞2
英语中常见的几种修辞手法2
Hyperbole (exaggeration)
Hyperbole（exaggeration）夸张:
• It is the deliberate use of overstatement or exaggeration to achieve emphasis. • For instance, • I ‘ ve seen all kinds of dishonesty in my day, but this little display takes the cake.(6—43) • 我一生中见过各种各样的骗术，但这种骗术可以
smile. •
• "It is a fitting irony that under Richard Nixon, launder became a dirty word." • 清洗是个很肮脏的词。
For examples:
• It’ s like talking to a dead phone. (5—99)
这好像是对牛弹琴。
Courage is to life what broth is to soup.(8—18) • 勇气之于生活就好比肉汁之于羹汤。 • He’s as slippery as an eel.
Oxymoron
• Oxymoron矛盾修饰法: • It is a compressed paradox, formed by the conjoining of two contrasting, contradictory or incongruous terms as in bitter-sweet memories, orderly chaos and proud humility. • For example, She read the long-awaited letter with a tearful
高级英语2修辞总结
高级英语2修辞总结Lesson 1: XXXPub Talk has a Charm of its OwnGrowing up in English pubs。
I have come to XXX。
It maybe due to my upbringing that I find it XXX meanders。
leaps。
sparkles。
and glows。
No one knows where it will go。
Suddenly。
XXX。
and the XXX.XXXXXX。
we often make ns to history。
We reference the musketeers of Dumas。
the descendants of convicts。
Saxon churls。
and XXX.XXXXXX for effect。
For example。
getting out of bed on the wrong side is not a XXX。
we may say it to add humor or emphasize a point.XXXXXX。
They help us express complex ideas in a simple way。
For instance。
we ought to think ourselves back into the shoes ofthe XXX and way of life。
Another example is the XXX ideas spread like seeds。
XXX.Avoiding Slip-XXXWhile pub talk has its charm。
it is XXX in our language。
Itis essential to XXX.5.The n een ns can e n and mistrust。
大学英语修辞学第二章
The book Rhetoric falls in three parts treating respectively (1) the nature of rhetoric, (2) invention, and (3) arrangement and style. two categories of arguments based on the kinds of proof: artistic and inartistic. Inartistic proofs external evidence such as witnesses, contracts, evidence based on torture. Artistic proofs three means of persuasion:
about education: Education is the savior of the world. The teacher should explain principles and provide examples as models; The teacher should guide his students to the acquisition of practical wisdom. Contribution: His trained a large amount of political figures, and statesmen, promoted the practical use of rhetorical arts.
Pathos--emotional appeal The effects of emotional appeal include moral anger, ambition, excitement, fear, happiness, pity, jealousy, etc. Emotional appeal depends on the skillful and witty handling of language.
英语修辞学Ss' handouts2
English Rhetoric Chapter 2Reading 3I am more than angry. I did not give birth to my one and onlyson to have him snatched away from me 18 years later. My child has been loved and cared for and taught right from wrong and will not be fed into any egomaniac’s war machine.Our 18-to 25-year-olds have not brought this world to its present sorry state. Men over the age of 35, down through the centuries, have brought us here, and we women have been in silent accord.Well, this is one woman, one mother, who says No. I did not go through the magnificent agony of childbirth to have that glorious young life snuffed out.Until the presidents, premiers, supreme rulers, politburos, senators and congressmen of the world are ready to physically, as opposed to verbally, lead the world into combat, they can bloody well forget my child.Unite mothers！Don’t throw your sons and daughters away.Sometime, somewhere, women must say No.No. No. No. No. No. Never my child.(Louise M. Saylor, Washington Post, Jan.28, 1980)Reading 4In informal situations, we often overgeneralize from the facts: “She’s never on time”; “Advertising is only a pack of lies.”A little consideration shows us that in reality all-or-none, black-or-white situations are rare; reality is more accurately described in terms of finer shadings and degrees. Most readers are aware of this, and although they will accept and make statements like the above uncritically enough in conversations, they are suspicious of them in writing.Be especially cautious in using terms like “all”, “always”, “everybody”, “nobody”, “never”, “none”, “only”and “most”. Before making such all-inclusive statements, make sure that they are justified. If there are any exceptions to some assertion you make, modify your language to make it more accurate. Don’t say that all young people have such and such a disadvantage: “some” or “many” might be more accurate. Before you say that almost all the schools in that area have very poor educational facilities,ascertain from some reliable source whether more than 80 percent actually do;otherwise you are not really justified in saying it. Keep in mind that the English vocabulary provides you with a wealth of qualifying terms (some, few, often, to name only a few) and choose those that most accurately describe the number, extent, and frequency of the facts you are asserting.Exercise twoⅠ. Identify the reasoning pattern used in each of the following passages.1.There seems to be a general assumption that brilliant people cannotstand routine, and that they need a varied, exciting life in order to dotheir best. It is also assumed that dull people are particularly suited fordull work. We are told that the reason present-day young people protestso loudly against the dullness of factory jobs is that they are bettereducated and brighter than the youth of the past. (Eric Hoffer, “DullWork”)2.The cases of Adolf Beck, of Oscar, of the unhappy Brooklyn bank tellerwho vaguely resembled a forger and spent eight years in Sing Sing[State Prison in New Y ork] only to “emerge”a broken, friendless,useless, “compenstated” man—all these, if the dignity of the individualhas any meaning, had better have been dead before the prison door everopened for them. This is what counsel always says to the jury in thecourse of a murder trial and counsel is right: far better to hang this manthan “give him life.”(Jacques Barzun, “In Favor of Capital Punishment”)Ⅱ. Fill in each blank with an appropriate preposition.Emotional fallacies appeal directly (1)_______ the human frailties(2)_______ the audience: some (3)________their prejudices, some (4)________ their vanity, some (5)________their national pride, others(6)_______their desire to emulate people they admire. Because(7)______this, they exert great persuasive force. These fallacies should beavoided (8)______writing (9)______essentially the same reason that you shun slanting: they deceive your readers. Remember how often you have felt cheated because an advertiser convinced you to buy an expensive, ineffective product (10)______ playing (11)______your desire to be attractive (12)______the opposite sex. Using such tactics(13)_______argument can only have short-range effectiveness; yourcommitment should be to make a lasting impression (14)______your readers.(Michael E. Adelstein and Jean G..Pival: The Writing Commitment, 2nd ed. 1980, pp. 328-329)III. An elementary acquaintance with the general patterns of inference can help writers in two ways.,1.It can make them aware of the premises that underlie an argument.Analyze the following example and provide its major premise:“There is a school ahead. Here we come across a traffic sign onwhich there are school children.”2.It can also help a writer check the validity of his line of reasoning.Examine the following example, point out its fallacy and provide possible remedies:Some elected officials are bribe-takers.Smith is an elected official.Therefore, Smith is a bribe-taker.IV. Identify the fallacies of pathos in each of the following paragraphs as “Ad Hominen”, “Name calling”, or “Bandwagon Appeal”with the help of a dictionary.1.Many advertising slogans urge readers to buy something so that they becomeassociated with the majority of people or with a particular prestigious group: “Beer belongs,”“Camels aren’t for everybody (but then, they don’t try to be),”“John the Pepsi generation,”“The car for the people who think,”“长龙，只为少数派的宣言”.2.When challenged by an opponent to discuss military spending, a politicianaccuses the opponent of alcoholism.3.He (the male) is a half dead, unresponsive lump, incapable of giving orreceiving pleasure or happiness; consequently he is at best an utter bore, an inoffensive blob, since only those capable of absorption in others can be charming.。
高级英语2修辞手法汇总
Rhetorical Devicessimile 明喻metaphor 暗喻hyperbole 夸张metonymy 转喻synecdoche 借喻mixed metaphor 混合暗喻personification 拟人antithesis 对仗parallelism 排比transferred epithet 转移修饰alliteration 押头韵onomatopoeia 拟声词1.The charm of conversation is that it does not really start from anywhere,and no one has any idea where it will go as it meanders or leaps and sparkles or just glows. (mixed metaphor)2.Perhaps it is because of my upbringing in English pubs that I think barconversation has a charm of its own. (hyperbole)3.The fact that their marriages may be on the rocks, or that their love affairshave broken or even that they got out of bed on the wrong side is simply not a concern. (metaphor)4.They are like the musketeers of Dumas who, although they lived side byside with each other, did not delve into each other's lives.(simile & metaphor)5.The glow of the conversation burst into flames. (metaphor)6.The conversation was on wings. (metaphor)7.Is the phrase in Shakespeare? (synecdoche)8.…that suddenly the alchemy of conversation took place, and all at oncethere was a focus.（metaphor）9.The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion clock.（simile）10.The King's English slips and slides in conversation.（alliteration）11.the sinister corridor of our age（metaphor）我们的时代罪恶的走廊12.Other people may celebrate the lofty conversations in which the greatminds are supposed to have indulged in the great salons of 18th century.（synecdoche）13. I have an unending love affair with dictionaries.（metaphor）14. Otherwise one will bind the conversation. （metaphor）15. We would never have gone to Australia, or leaped back in time to theNorman Conquest. （metaphor）16.The burying-ground is merely a huge waste of hummocky earth, like aderelict building-lot.（simile）17.…and fling over it a little of the dried-up, lumpy earth, which is like brokenbrick.（simile）18. Are they really the same flesh as your self ?（synecdoche）19.They sweat and starve for a few years.（alliteration）20.…and sore-eyed children cluster everywhere in unbelievable numbers, likeclouds of flies. （simile）21. …turning chair-legs at lightning speed. (hyperbole)22.There was a frenzied rush of Jews.（transferred epithet）23.…are working in dark fly-infested booths that look like caves. （simile）24.A white skin is always fairly conspicuous.（synecdoche）25.The soil is exactly like broken-up brick .（simile）26.…winding up the road with a clumping of boots and a clatter of ironwheels.（onomatopoeia）27.Their feet squashed into boots that looked like blocks of wood.（simile）28.And really it was like watching a flock of cattle to see the long column.（simile）29.…while the great white birds drifted ov er them in the opposite direction，glittering like scraps of paper.（simile）30.friend and foe（alliteration）31.（metonymy）32.We shall pay any price, bear any burden…（alliteration）33.United，there is little we cannot do in a host of co-operative ventures.Divided，there is little we can do，for we dare not meet a powerful challenge at odds and split asunder.（antithesis）只要我们团结一致，我们将无所不能，完成众多的合作事业；一旦我们分歧对立，我们将一事无成，因为我们不敢遇见一个与我们意见相左的强大挑战，最后导致四分五裂。
《英语修辞学》第二章
English Rhetoric
Chapter Two Brief History of Western Rhetoric
By Song Pingfeng
Page 9
/NewInfor/html/30370.htm • 拉斐尔最著名的壁画是为梵蒂冈宫绘制的《雅典学院》。这幅巨型壁画把古希腊以来
的５０多个著名的哲学家和思想家聚于一堂，包括柏拉图、亚里士多德、苏格拉底、 毕达哥拉斯等，以此歌颂人类对智慧和真理的追求，赞美人类的创造力。
• 然而，柏拉图对修辞的看法并非一成不变。海德格尔在1924-1925年讲授 《智者篇》时提出，柏拉图的修辞观念有一个演变的过程，其轨迹可以通过 比较三篇对话勾勒出来（Brogan：3-15）。《高尔吉亚篇》代表了早期柏拉 图全盘否定修辞的态度；海德格尔认为，在《智者篇》中，柏拉图的态度有 了重大变化，转而相信修辞对“不在”（non-being）或者说“存在”之外的 领域的关注应当在哲学中占据一席之地，辩证（dialectic）能够克服修辞的 欺骗倾向，使之为哲学服务；《斐德若篇》(Phaedrus)则是发生这一转变的 关 键 场 所 。 在 这 篇 对 话 中 ， 柏 拉 图 着 重 探 讨 了 真 理 （ aletheia ） 与 语 言 （logos）的关系。
Page 6
1.4 Some Ancient Greek Rhetoricians and their theory
(1). Corax (科拉克斯)
Corax of Syracuse and his students Tisias(蒂西亚斯，有名的捉刀人，专 门为诉讼者撰写诉状) were the first rhetoricians in history. His theory: the first is a theory of how arguments should be developed from probabilities; the second is their first concept of organization of a message. According to Corax, legal arguments should consist of four parts: introductory, explanation, argumentation and conclusion. (Corax 将法律演说分成四个部分：前言，解释，论辩和结论。)
英语修辞学第二版课后答案
英语修辞学第二版课后答案1、Becky is having a great time ______ her aunt in Shanghai. （）[单选题] *A. to visitB. visitedC. visitsD. visiting(正确答案)2、5．Shanghais is known ________ “the Oriental Pearl”, so many foreigners come to visit Shanghai very year. [单选题] *A．forB．as (正确答案)C．withD．about3、27．My father is a professor and he works in__________ university. [单选题] *A．a (正确答案)B．anC．/D．the4、69．Online shopping is easy, but ________ in the supermarket usually ________ a lot of time. [单选题] *A．shop; takesB．shopping; takeC．shop; takeD．shopping; takes(正确答案)5、--All of you have passed the test!--_______ pleasant news you have told us! [单选题] *A. HowB. How aC. What(正确答案)D. What a6、It’s usually windy in spring, ______ you can see lots of people flying kites.（）[单选题] *A. so(正确答案)B. orC. butD. for7、I usually read English _______ six o’clock _______ six thirty in the morning. [单选题] *A. from;?atB. from; to(正确答案)C. at; atD. at; to8、On Mother’s Day, Cathy made a beautiful card as a ______ for her mother. [单选题] *A. taskB. secretC. gift(正确答案)D. work9、—Whose book is it? Is it yours?—No, ask John. Maybe it’s ______.（）[单选题] *A. hersB. his(正确答案)C. he’sD. her10、Will you be able to finish your homework _______? [单选题] *A. by the timeB. in time(正确答案)C. once upon a timeD. out of time11、—______? —Half a kilo.（）[单选题] *A. How much are theyB. How much is itC. How much would you like(正确答案)D. How many would you like12、( ) It tells what is going on ___the county and all____the world. [单选题] *A. across; over(正确答案)B. all; acrossC. in; inD.to; for13、The work will be finished _______ this month. [单选题] *A. at the endB. in the endC. by the endD. at the end of(正确答案)14、You wouldn' t have caught such ____ bad cold if you hadn' t been caught in ____?rain. [单选题] *A. a, /B. a, aC. a,the(正确答案)D. /, /15、—What can I do for you? —I ______ a pair of new shoes.（）[单选题] *A. likeB. would lookC. would like(正确答案)D. take16、73．The moonlight goes ____ the window and makes the room bright. [单选题] *A．acrossB．through(正确答案)C．overD．in17、The notice put _______ on the wall says “No Smoking”. [单选题] *A. up(正确答案)B. offC. awayD. out18、____ China is ____ old country with ____ long history. [单选题] *A. /, an, a(正确答案)B. The, an, aC. /, an, /D. /, the, a19、_______ win the competition, he practiced a lot. [单选题] *A. BecauseB. In order to(正确答案)C. Thanks toD. In addition to20、I used to take ____ long way to take the bus that went by ____ tunnel under the water. [单选题] *A. a, aB. a. theC. a, /(正确答案)D. the, a21、He often comes to work early and he is _______ late for work. [单选题] *A. usuallyB. never(正确答案)C. oftenD. sometimes22、--Don’t _______ too late, or you will feel tired in class.--I won’t, Mum. [单选题] *A. call upB. wake upC. stay up(正确答案)D. get up23、The early Americans wanted the King to respect their rights. [单选题] *A. 统治B. 满足C. 尊重(正确答案)D. 知道24、You should take the medicine after you read the _______. [单选题] *A. linesB. wordsC. instructions(正确答案)D. suggestions25、In winter, animals have a hard time_____anything to eat. [单选题] *A.to findB.finding(正确答案)C.foundD.to finding26、It was difficult to guess what her_____to the news would be. [单选题] *A.impressionmentC.reaction(正确答案)D.opinion27、--Is that the correct spelling?--I don’t know. You can _______ in a dictionary [单选题] *A. look up itB. look it forC. look it up(正确答案)D. look for it28、I usually do some ____ on Sundays. [单选题] *A. cleaningsB. cleaning(正确答案)C. cleansD. clean29、Nick has always been good _______ finding cheap flights. [单选题] *A. at(正确答案)B. forC. withD. to30、I don't know the man _____ you are talking about. [单选题] *A. who'sB. whose(正确答案)C. whomD. which。
高考英语读后续写之修辞手法第2讲
树上的小鸟在树上唱着美妙的歌曲。
• 3. The frogs are giving a concert---mixed chorus.(景物描写) • 青蛙在举办音乐会---混声大合唱。
• 4.Fireflies patrol the grass with small lanterns (景物描写) • 萤火虫提着小灯笼在草丛中巡逻。
参考答案：1. 拟人 2. 拟人 3. 夸张
高考英语读后续写之修辞手法第2讲
高考英语读后续写之修辞手法第2讲
找出下面句子里面的修辞 1. The loud music almost drove me up a wall. 2. The night gently lays her hand at our feverd heads. 3. The volcano spit out lava from its mouth.
高考英语读后续写之修辞手法第2讲
高考英语读后续写之修辞手法第2讲
Part 4：使用介词短语
• 1. She went home in a flood of tears.（情感描写） • 她泪如泉涌地回家去了。 • 类似表达：She shed floods of tears. • 2. When they told the news, I was over the moon/ on the top of the world.
高考英语读后续写之修辞手法第2讲
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
高考英语读后续写之修辞手法第2讲
Part 2：使用动词
• 1. The young girl brought the house down with her perfomance. • 这位年轻姑娘的表演博得了满堂喝彩。 • 2. It made me jump out of my skin. （情感描写） • 吓得我魂不附体。 • 3.I almost laughed my head off.（情感描写） • 我都快笑死了。 • 4. My blood froze.（情感描写） • 我的血液都凝固了。 • 5. She cried her eyes out. （情感描写） • 她痛哭涕流。 • 6. It brought her heart into her mouth.（情感描写） 让她的心悬到了嗓子眼。
高级英语2修辞附答案版
1.We can batten down and ride it out. Metaphor2.Strips of clothing festooned the standing trees, and blown down power lines coiled like black spaghetti over roads. Simile3.Read the following essay, which undertakes to demonstate that logic, far from a dry ,pedantic discipline, is a living ,breathing thing, full of beauty, passion and trauma. hyperbole/ meaphor4.The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion clock,and its seeds multiplied, and floated to the ends of the earth. Simile5. Even with the m ost educated and the most literate,the King’s English slips and slides in conversation. Alliteration6. When E.M.Forster writes of “the sinister corridor of our age,”we sit up at the vividness of the phrase,the force and even terror in the image metaphor7. For man holds in his mortal hands the power to abolish all forms of human poverty and all forms of human life. repetition8. United, there is little we cannot do in a host of cooperative ventures. Divided, there is little we can do….antithesis9.Both sides overburdened by the cost of modern weapons, both rightly alarmed by the steady spread of the deadly atom alliteration10. Together let us explore the stars, conquer the deserts, eradicate disease, tap the ocean depth and encourage the arts and commerce. parallelism11.….and bring the absolute to destroy other nations under the absolute control of all nations. repetition12.…in the past,those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside. metaphor13.Let every nation know,whether it wishes us well or ill,that we shall pay any price,bear any burden,meet any hardship,support any friend,oppose any foe to assure the survival and the success of liberty. parallelism14.Back and forth, his head swiveled, desire waxing, resolution waning. .antithesis15.Maybe somewhere in the extinct crater of her mind,a few embers still smoldered.Maybe somehow I could fan them into flame. metaphor.16.There is a limit to what flesh and blood can bear.synecdoche17.It happened that I, as a law student, was taking a course in logic myself, so I had all the facts atmy finger tips metonymy18.You are the whole world to me, and the moon and the stars and the constellations of outerspace. hyperbole19.It is, after all, easy to make a beautiful dumb girl smart than to make an ugly smart girlbeautiful..antithesis20.Here was the very heart of industrial America,the center of its most lucrative and characteristic activity,the boast and pride of the richest and grandest nation ever seen on earth—and here was a scene so dreadfully hideous,so intolerably bleak and forlorn that it reduced the whole aspiration of man to a macabre and depressing joke. metaphor.21.Here was wealth beyond computation,almost beyond imagination—and here were humanhabitations so abominable that they would have disgraced a race of alley cats.hyperbole22Obviously, if there were architects of any professional sense or dignity in the region,they would have perfected a chalet to hug the hillsides—a chalet with a highpitched roof, to throw off the heavy winter snows,but still essentially a low and clinging building,wider than it was tall. sarcasm 23.I award this championship only after laborious research and incessant prayer. irony24.The slightest mention of the decade brings nostalgic recollections to the middle-aged andcurious questionings by the young: memories of the deliciously illicit thrill of the first visit to aspeakeasy,of the brave denunciationg of Puritan morality, and of the fashionable experimentationsin amour in the parked sedan on a country road; transferred epithet25.The prolonged stalemate of 1915-1916,the increasing insolence of Germany toward the UnitedStates,and our official reluctance to declare our status as a belligerent were intolerable to many ofour idealistic citizens,and with typical American adventurousness enhanced somewhat by thestrenuous jingoism of Theodore Roosevelt,our young men began to enlist under foreign flags.metonymy26.These defects would disappear if only creative art were allowed to show the way to betterthings,but since the country was blind and deaf to everything save the glint and ring of thedollar,there was little remedy for the sensitive mind but to emigrate to Europe where”they dothings better.”personification27.Once I was able to accept my role--as distinguished, i must say, from my place--in theextraordinary drama which is America, I was release from the illusion that I hate America.metaphor28. Whatever the Europeans may actually think of artists, they have killed enough of them offby now to know that they are as real ---and as persistent--as rain, snow, taxes or businessmen. simile29.It is not meant,of course, to imply that it happens to them all,for Europe can be very crippling too;and,anyway,a writer,when he has made his first breakthrough,has simply won a crucial skirmish in a dangerous,unending and unpredictable battle. metaphor30.How and why he had come to Princeton, New Jersey is a story of struggle, success, and sadness. alliteration31A word and a stone let go cannot be recalled. simile32He is not a grave man until he is a grave man. pun33.I love these long purposeless days in which I shed all that I have ever been.. Transferred epithet34.The young moon lies on her back tonight as her habits in the tropics. personification35.When he came back we found him in an armchair, peacefully gone to sleep-but forever.euphemism36.An ambassador is an honest man who lies abroad for the good of his country. Pun。
99077-大学英语-英语修辞(二)
1. Irony 反语Its intended meaning is the opposite of that expressed by the words usedMy last writing teacher was generous in helping me fossilize poor wirting habits.我最后一位写作老师很慷慨地帮助我养成了坏的写作习惯。
2. Antithesis 对偶It’s the deliberate arrangement of contrasting words or ideas in balanced structural forms to achieve force and emphasis. Achievement is founded on diligence and wasted upon recklessness.业精于勤，荒于嬉。
3. Paradox:悖论,似非而是Paradox is a Greek word meaning incredible, contradicting with expectation. It’s a figure of speech consisting of a statement or proposition which on the surface of it seems self-contradictory, absurd or contrary to established fact or practice, but which on further thinking and study may prove to be true, well-founded, and even to contain a succinct point. In brief, it is the use of apparently contradictory ideas to point out some underlying truth. It is also used to describe situations that are ironic.Examples:1)In this world there are only two tragedies. One is not getting what one wants, and the other is getting it.The last is muchthe worst, the last is a real tragedy! --Oscar Wilde在这个世界上只有两种悲剧。
高考英语作文修辞手法(2篇)
高考英语作文修辞手法（2篇）高考英语作文修辞手法 11.比喻(metaphor)比喻就是打比方。
可分为明喻和暗喻：明喻(simile)：用like, as, as.as, as if(though)或用其他词语指出两个不同事物的相似之处。
例如：O my love’s like a red, red rose.我的爱人像一朵红红的玫瑰花。
The man can’t be trusted. He is as slippery as an eel.那个人不可信赖。
他像鳗鱼一样狡猾。
He jumped as if he had been stung.他像被蜇了似的跳了起来。
Childhood is like a swiftly passing dream.童年就像一场疾逝的梦。
暗喻(metaphor)：用一个词来指代与该词所指事物有相似特点的另外一个事物。
例如：He has a heart of stone.他有一颗铁石心肠。
The world is a stage.世界是一个大舞台。
2.换喻(metonymy)用某一事物的名称代替另外一个与它关系密切的事物的名称，只要一提到其中一种事物，就会使人联想到另一种。
比如用the White House代替__或者总统，用the bottle来代替wine或者alcohol，用the bar来代替the legal profession，用crown代替king等。
例如：His purse would not allow him that luxury.他的经济条件不允许他享受那种奢华。
The mother did her best to take care of the cradle.母亲尽最大努力照看孩子。
He succeeded to the crown in 1848.他在1848年继承了王位。
3.提喻(synecdoche)指用部分__整体或者用整体__部分，以特殊__一般或者用一般__特殊。
高级英语第二册修辞全集优选稿
高级英语第二册修辞全集集团文件版本号：（M928-T898-M248-WU2669-I2896-DQ586-M1988）L e s s o n2 1.Are they really the same flesh as youself—rhetorical question2.They rise out of the earth,they sweat and starve for a few yers,and then they sink back into the nameless mounds of the graveyard.—alliteration ,metaphor3.Sore-eyed children cluster everywhere in unbelievable numbers,like clouds of flies.—simile4.Thanks to a lifetime of sitting in this position his left leg is warped out of shape.—irony5.There was a frenzied rush of Jews.—transferred epithet6.A white skin is always fairly conspicuous.—synecdoche7.What government service.—rhetorical question8.Long lines of women,bent double like inverted capital Ls,work their way slowly across the fields.—simile9.This kind of thing makes one’s blod boil.——metonymy10.I am not commenting,merely pointing to a fact.——understatement11.This wretched boy,who is a French citizen and has therefore been dragged from the forest to scrub floors and catch syphilis in garrison towns,actually has feelings of reverence before a white skin.——synecdoche12. And really it was like watching a flock of cattle to see the long column,a mile or two miles of armed men.—simile13.while the great white birds drifted over them in the opposite direction, glittering like scraps of paper.——metaphorLesson31.no one has any idea where it will go as it meanders or leapsand sprkles or just glows.——metaphor2.they got out of bed on the wrong side is simply not aconcern.They are like the musketeers of Dumas—simile3.suddenly the alchemy of conversation took place—metaphor4.the glow of the conversation burst into flames——metaphor5.The conversation was on wings.——metaphor6.We ought to think ourselves back into the shoes of the Saxonpeasant.——metaphor7.The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion clock,and itsseeds multiplied, and floated to the ends of the earth.—simile8.I have an unending love affair with dictionaries.——metaphor,alliteration9.t he King’s English slips and slides in conversation.——metaphor,alliteration10.Otherwise one will bind the conversation,one will not let itflow freely here and there.——metaphor11.We would never have gone to Australia,or leaped back in timeto the Norman Conquest.——metaphor.Lesson51.Charles Lamb,as merry and enterprising a fellow as you willmeet in a month of Sundays,unfettered the informal essay with his memorable Old China and Dream’s Children.—metaphor2.There follows an informal essay that entures even beyondLamb’s frontier.——metaphor3.the following essay which undertakes to demonstrate thatlogic,far from being a dry,pedantic discipline,is aliving,breathing thing,full of beauty,passion,and trauma.—metaphor,hyperbole4.My brain was as powerful as a dynamo,as precise as achemist’s scales.——hyperbole,simile5.My brain ,that precision instrument,slipped into high gear.——mixed metaphor6.I was out one to let my heart rule my head.——metonymy7.if you were out of the picture,the field woud be open.——metaphor8.I said with a mysterious wink and closed my bag and left.——transferred epithet9.“Polly” he said in a horrified whisper.——transferredepithet10.Back and forth his head swiveled,desire waxing,resolutionwaning.—antithesis11. This loomed as a project of no small dimensions.——understatement,litotes12.You are guilty of Post Hoc if you blame Eula Becker.——metonymy13.I might as well waste another.Who knew——rhetorical question14.Maybe somewhere in the extinct crater of her mind,a fewembers still smoldered.——metaphor15.There is a limit to what flesh and blood can bear.——synecdoche,metonymy16.He has hamstrung his opponent before he could even start.——metaphor17.It was like digging a tunnel.——simile18.I will wander the face of the earth,a shambling,hollow-eyedhulk.——hyperboleLesson 71.Here was the very heart of industrial America.——metaphor2.here was a scene so dreadfully hideous,so intolerably bleakand forlorn that it reduced the whole aspiration of man to a macabre and depressing joke.——hyperbole, antithetical,contrast.3.here were human habitations so abominable that they wouldhave disgraced a race of alley cats.——hyperbole4.what I allude to is the unbroken and agonizing ugliness,thesheer revolting monstrousness,of every house in sight.——hyperbole5.one blinks before a man with his face shot away.——simile6. a steel stadium like a huge rat-trap somehere further downthe line.——simile7.The country itself is not uncomely.——litotes,understatement8.Obviously, if there were architects of any professional senseor dignity in the region,they would have perfected a chalet to hug the hillsides.——sarcasm9.on theire low sides they bury themselves swinishly in themud.——metaphor10.When it has taken on the patina of the mills it is the colorof a fried egg.——ridicule,irony11.they have the most loathsome towns and villages ever seen bymortal eye.——hyperbole12.I award this championship only after laborious research andinvessant prayer.——sarcasm,irony13.Pullman ,I have whirled through the gloomy,Godforsakenvillages of Iowa and Kansas,and the malarious tidewaterhamlets of Georgia.——metaphor14.It is as if some titanic and aberrantgenius ,uncompromisingly inimical to man.——hyperbole,irony 15.Are they so frightful because the valley is full offoreigners——dull,insensate brutes,with no love of beauty in them——metorical question16.It is incredible that mereignorance should have achieved suchmasterpieces of horror.——sarcasm,irony17.On certain levels of the American race,indeed,there seems tobe a positive libido for the ugly,as on other and lessChristian levels there is a libido for the beautiful.——antithesis18.Beside it, the Parthenon would no doubt offend them.——sarcasm19.The effect is that of a fat woman with a black eye.——metaphorLesson101.The slightest mention of the decade brings nostalgicrecollections to the middle-aged and curious questionings by the young—transferred epithet2.we had reached an international stature that would foreverprevent us from retreating behind the artificial walls of a provincial morality or the geographical protection of our two bordering oceans.—metaphor3.War or no war,as the generations passed,it becameincreasingly difficult for our young people to acceptstandards of behavior that bore no relationship to thebustling business medium in which they were expected tobattle for success.—metaphor4.The war acted merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdownof the Victorian social structure—metaphor5.Greenwich Village set thee pattern.——metonymy6.it was only natural that hopeful young writers,their mindsand pens inflamed against war,Babbittry,and“Puritanical”gentility.——metaphor7.the conventions and to add their own little matchsticks toconflagration of “flaming youth”,it was Greenwich Village that fanned the flames.——metaphor8.Before long the movement had become officially recognized bythe pulpit.——metaphor9.who had suffered no real disillusionment or sense of loss,nowbegan to imitate the manners of their elders and play with the toys of vulgar rebellion.——metaphor10.An important book rather grandiosely entitled Civilization inthe United States,written by”thirty intellectuals”under the editorship of J.Harold Stearns,was the rallying point ofsensitive persons disgusted with America.——metaphor11.the country was blind and deaf to everything save the glintand ring of the dollar.——personification,metonymy ,synecdoche。
英语修辞学(2)
从词汇学的角度论英语新词田海鹰【摘要】：语言随着社会生活的变化而变化。
词汇作为语言中最为积极的因素对社会生活的变化尤为敏感。
二十世纪九十年代以来,社会经济、政治、科学、技术和教育领域发生了巨大的变化。
新的词语和表达方式也随着社会生活中出现的新事物、新观念而产生。
英语语言中涌现了大量反映新事物的词汇和表达手法。
本文拟从词汇学的角度,采用构词法理论及FU DGE衡量准则研究英语新词这一语言现象。
所谓新词是指新创造的词语或表达方式,或是在原有的意思上衍生新意的词语。
随着语言的发展,新词会被接纳为已有词汇的一部分,否则就会被淘汰而消失。
新词能否成为已有词汇的一部分取决于很多因素。
英语中几乎每天都会有新词产生,但却只有少数新词可能被收录到词典中成为我们日常词汇的一部分。
为什么只有这少数新词被收录?我们有没有可能判断一个新词能否得到社会的广泛认可成为既有词汇的一部分?又是哪些因素决定了新词的去留?有关新词研究的书籍和文章很多,但是大部分的研究主要针对新词构词结构,只有少数讨论新词能否被社会语言接受最终收录到词典。
本文作者通过对大量新词及其产生背景的研究论述了上述几个问题。
对于语言的学习者我们不仅仅要教授语言中已有的词汇,同样还要教给学生方法帮助他们理解英语中出现的新词新语。
水平较好的学生还应该掌握被收录到词汇中的这些新词的产生方法和构词的规则。
对于构词规则的了解有助于学生增加现有的词汇量。
为此本文拟从五个章节深入研究英语新词。
论文简介部分主要介绍了英语新词研究的目的和意义。
接下来第一章是英语新词研究的理论阐述,包括词语的定义、新词的定义以及研究的背景。
论文第二章,系统全面地介绍了英语新词产生的原因、形式及分类。
论文第三章,全面阐述了英语新词产生的途径方法;在第四章,作者用大量的文字论述了英语新词能否被社会接受并最终收录到字典中去的几个决定因素,提出了FUDGE衡量准则。
然后作者通过应用FUDGE衡量准则详细的分析了大量的最新英语词汇。
英语修辞鉴赏2
• What happens to a dream deferred? • Does it dry up Like a raisin葡萄干 in the sun? Or fester化脓 like a sore --- And then run --Does it stink like rotten meat? • Or crust 结成硬壳and sugar结成颗粒状 over -• Like a syrupy sweet? • Maybe it just sags 下垂 • Like a heavy load. • Or does it explode? • (Langston Hughes: A dream deferred)
• I learned a great many new words that day. I do not remember what they all were; but I do know that 'mother, father, sister, teacher' were among them ---words that were to make the world blossom for me 'like Aaron's rod, with flowers‘. (Helen Keller) • 那天我学了非常多的字。我不记得究竟是哪些， 其中的母亲、父亲、妹妹和老师我倒是记得； 这些字让我的世界变成花样美好，就像摩西的 兄长亚伦，拥有的那根长满花叶和果实的神杖 （Aaron‘s rod)。
• ...there was a secret meanness that clung to him almost like a smell. • (Carson McCullers) • (The suggestion of an all-prevailing meanness in the man.) • He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow. • (George Eliot) • 他傲得像只公鸡，以为太阳升起便是为了听它 打鸣。 • (The suggestion of overwhelming conceit 自 负 in the man.)
高级英语2修辞总结归纳
高级英语2修辞总结归纳Lessonl1 We can batten down and ride it out.--metaphor2 Everybody out the back door to the cars!--elliptical sentence3 Telephone poles and 20-inch-thick pines cracked like guns as the winds snapped them.-simile4 Several vacationers at the luxurious Richelie u Apartments there held a hurricaneparty to watch the storm from their spectacular vantage point--transferred epithet5 Strips of clothing festooned the standing trees, and blown down power lines coiledlike black spaghetti over the roads-metaphor, simileLesson21 The little crowd of mourners —all men and boys, no women——threaded their wayacross the market place between the piles of pomegranates and the taxis and the camels,wailing a short chant over and over again.——elliptical sentence2 A carpenter sitscross-legged at a prehistoric lathe, turning chair-legs at lightning speed.—— historical present , transferred epithet3 Still,a white skin is always fairly conspicuous.——syncdoche4 As the storks flew northward the Negroes were marching southward——a long, dusty column, infantry, screw-gun batteries, adnthen more infantry, four or five thousandmen in all, winding up the road with a clumping of boots and a clatter of iron wheels.——onomatopoetic words symbolism5 Not hostile, not contemptuous, not sullen, not even inquisitive.——ellipticalsentence6 And really it was like watching a flock of cattle to see the long column,a mile ortwo miles of armed men, flowing peacefully up the road, while the great white birdsdrifted over them in the opposite direction, glittering like scraps of paper.——simileLesson31 The fact that their marriages may be on the rocks, or that their love affairs havebeen broken or even that they got out of bed on the wrong side is simply not a concern.——metaphor2 They are like the musketeers of Dumas who, although they lived side by side witheach other, did not delve into, each other's lives or the recesses of their thoughtsand feelings.——simile3 It was on such an occasion te other evening, as the conversation moved desultorilyhere and there, from the most commonplace to thoughts of Jupiter, without and focusand with no need for one that suddenly the alchemy of conversation took place, andall at once the r was a focus.—— metaphor4 The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion clock, and its seeds multiplied, andfloated to the ends of the earth.—simile5 Even with the most educated and the most literate, the King's English slips andslides in conversation.——metaphor, alliteration6 When E. M. Fo rster writes of“the sinister corridor of our age,”we sit up at the vividness of the phrase, the force and even terror in the image.——metaphorLesson41 Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike, that thetorch has been passed to a new generation of Americans, born in this century, temperedby war, disciplined by ahard and bitter peace, proud of our ancient heritage, and unwilling to witness or permit the slow undoing of these human rights to which this nation has always been committed, and to which we are committed today at home and around the world.——alliteration2 Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, suppor any friend, oppose any foe to assure the survival and the success of liberty.——parataxis consonance5 Let us never negotiate out of fear, but let us never fear to negotiate.——regression6 All this will not be finished in the first one hundred days.——historical allusion, climax7 And so, my fellow Americans ask not what your country can do for you;ask what you can do for your country.———contrast,windingLesson71 Here was the very heart of industrial America, the center of its most lucrative and characteristic activity, the boast and pride of the richest and grandest nation ever seen on earth —— and here was a scene so dreadfully hideous, so intolerably bleak and forlorn that it reduced the whole aspiration of man to a mac abre and depressing joke.——metaphor,hyperbole,antithetical contrast2 Here was wealth beyond computation, almost beyond imagination ——and here were human habitations so abominable that they would have disgraced a race of alley cats.—— hyperbole, antithetical contrast3 The country itself is not uncomely, despite the grime of the endless mills.—— litotes,understatement4 Obviously, if the r were architects of any professional sense or dignity in the region, they would have perfected a chalet to hug the hillsides ——a chalet with a highpitched roof, to throw off the heavy winter snows, but still essentially a low and clinging building, wider than it was tall.—— sarcasm5 And one and all they are streaked in grime, with dead and eczematous patches of paint peeping through the streaks.——metaphor6 When it has taken on the patina of the mills it is the color of an egg long pastall hope or caring.——ridicule , irony, metaphor7 I award this championship only after laborious research and incessant prayer.——irony10 They like it as it is:beside it, the Parthenon would no doubt offend them.——irony 11 It is that of a Presbyterian grinning.——metaphor 3 United, there is little we cannot do in a host of co-operative ventures. Divided, there is little we can do, for we dare not meet a power ful challenge at odds and split asunder.——antithesis 4 …in the past, those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside.——metaphor8 Safe in a Pullman, Ihave whirled through the gloomy, God-forsaken villages of Iowa and Lansas, and the malarious tidewater hamlets of Georgia.——antonomasia9 It is as if some titanic and aberrant genius, uncompromisingly inimical to man, haddevoted all the ingenuity of Hell to the making of them.——hyperbole, ironyLesson 91. Their high calls rising like the swallows' crossing flights over the music and the singing (Para1). Simile2. The faces of small children are amiable sticky; in the benign grey beard of a man a coupltof crumbs of rich pastry are entangled. Para 4. Transferred epithet.3. The crowds along the racecourse are like a field of grass and flowers in the wind. Para 6.Simile4. In the streets between houses with red roofs and painted walls, between old mossgrowngardens and under avenues of trees, past great parks and public buildings, processions.——periodic sentence5. The air of morning was so clear that the snow stil crowning the Eighteen Peaks burned withwhite-gold fire across the miles of sunlit air, under the dark blue of the sky.——metaphor6. In the silence of the broad green meadows one could hear the music wind ing through thecity streets, farther and nearer and ever approaching,a cheerful faint sweetness of the airthat from time to time trembled and gathered together and broke out into the great joyousclanging of the bells.—— periodic sentence7. Some of them understand why, and some do not, but they all understand that their happiness,the beauty of their city, the tenderness of their friendships, the health of their children,the wisdom of their scholars, the skill of their makers, even the abundance of their harvestand the kindly weathers of their skies, depend wholly on this child’ s abominable misery.—parallelism/parallel structure8. Indeed, after so long it would probably be wretched without walls about it to protect it ,and darkness for its eyes, and its own excrement to sit in.——parallelism/parallel structure。
高级英语2修辞总结
Lesson 1 Pub Talk and the King’s English1. Alliterationthe King’s English slips and slides (Para. 18)2. Allusions 暗指，引喻--musketeers of Dumas (Para. 3)--descendants of convicts (Para. 7)--Saxon churls (Para. 8)--Norman conquerors (Para. 8)3. ExaggerationPerhaps it is because of my upbringing in English pubs that I think bar conversation has a charm of its own. (Para. 3)4. Metaphor1. No one has any idea where it will go as it meanders or leaps and sparkles or just glows. (Para. 2)2. They got out of bed on the wrong side is simply not a concern. (Para. 3)3. Suddenly the alchemy of conversation took place (Para. 4)4. The glow of the conversation burst into flames. (Para. 6)5. The conversation was on wings. (Para. 8)6. We ought to think ourselves back into the shoes of the Saxon peasant. (Para. 11)7. The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion clock, and its seeds multiplied, and floated to the ends of the earth. (Para. 14)8. I have an unending love affair with dictionaries. (Para. 17)9. Even with the most educated and the most literate, the King’s English slips and slides in conversation. (Para. 18)10. “the sinister corridor of our age…” (Para. 18)11. Otherwise one will bind the conversation, one will not let it flow freely here and there. (Para.20)12. We would never have gone to Australia, or leaped back in time to the Norman Conquest. (Para. 20)5. Simile1. They are like the musketeers of Dumas who, although they lived side by side with each other, did not delve into each other’s… (Para. 3)2. The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion clock,…(Para. 14)Lesson 2 MarrakechSimile1. The burying-ground is merely a huge waste of hummocky earth, like a derelict building-lot. (Para. 2)2. ,…sore-eyed children cluster everywhere in unbelievable numbers, like clouds of flies. (Para. 8)3. …where the soil is exactly like broken-up brick. (Para. 18)4. Long lines of women, bent double like inverted capital Ls (Para. 18)5. …their feet squashed into boots that looked like blocks of wood… (Para. 23)6. ,…glittering like scraps of paper. (Para. 26)Metaphor1. They rise out of the earth, …(Para. 3)2. Down the center of the street there is generally running a little river of urine. (Para. 8) Alliterationsweat and starve (Para. 3)Transferred Epithet--there was a frenzied rush of Jews (Para. 10)Onomatopoeia, winding up the road with a clumping of boots and a clatter of iron wheels (Para. 22) Synecdoche1. a white skin is always fairly conspicuous (Para. 16)2. , actually has feelings of reverence before a white skin. (Para. 24)Rhetorical Question1. Are they really the same flesh as your self Do they even have names Or are they merely a kind of differentiated brown stuff, about as individual as bees or coral insects (Para. 3)2. How much longer can we go one kidding these people How long before they turn their guns in the other direction (Para. 25)UnderstatementI am not commenting, merely pointing to a fact. (Para. 21)Lesson 3 Inaugural Address (January 20, 1961)Parallelism…, symbolizing an end as well as a beginning, signifying renewal as well as change. (Para. 1) Paras. 6, 7, 8, 10, 11Alliteration1. …friend and foe alike… (Para. 3)2. to assure the survival and the success of liberty. (Para. 4)3. steady spread (Para. 13)4. …bear the burden… (Para. 22)5. …strength and sacrifice…Metaphor1.…those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside. (Para. 7)2. But this peaceful revolution of hope cannot become the prey of hostile powers. (Para. 9)3. this hemisphere intends to remain the master of its own house. (Para. 9)4. to strengthen its shield of the new and the weak… (Para. 10)5. And if a beachhead of cooperation may push back the jungle of suspicion… (Para. 19)6. The energy, the faith, the devotion which we bring to this endeavor will light our country and all who serve it, and the glow from that fire can truly light the world. (Para. 24)Consonance…, whether it wishes us well or ill,… (Para. 4)Synecdoche…both rightly alarmed by the steady spread of the deadly atom….(Para. 13)Antithesis1. United, there is little we cannot do in a host of cooperative ventures. Divided, there is little we can do, for we dare not meet a powerful challenge at odds and split asunder. (Para. 6)2. If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich. (Para. 8)3. And so, my fellow Americans, ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country. (Para. 25)Repetitionall forms of (Para. 2)the belief (Para. 2)Regression1. Let us never negotiate out of fear, but let us never fear to negotiate. (Para. 14)2. And so, my fellow Americans, ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country. (Para. 25)Allusionone hundred days (Para. 20)ClimaxAll this will not be finished in the first one hundred days. Nor will it be finished in the first one thousand days, nor in the life of this Administration, nor even perhaps in our lifetime on this planet. (Para. 20)Hyperbolehour of maximum danger (Para. 24)Lesson 4 Love is a FallacyMetaphor1. Charles Lamb, unfettered the informal essay with.... “Dream’s Children”. (Author’s Note)2. There follows an informal essay....frontier. (Author’s Note)3. Logic, far from being a dry, pedantic discipline, is a living, breathing thing, full of beauty, passion, and trauma. (Author’s Note)4. My brain, that precision instrument, slipped into high gear. (Para. 17)5. In other words, if you were out of the picture, the field would be open. (Para. 31)6. I fought off a wave of despair. (Para. 76)7. Maybe somewhere in the extinct crater of her mind, a few embers still smoldered. Maybe somehow I could fan them into flame. (Para. 95)8. The next fallacy is called Poisoning the Well. (Para. 112)9.”The first man has poisoned the well before anybody could drink from it. He has hamstrung his opponent before he could even start.” (Para. 116)10. The rat! (Para. 148)Simile1. My brain was as powerful as a dynamo, as precise as a chemist’s scale, as penetrating as a scalpel. (Para. 1)2. Same age, same background, but dumb as an ox. (Para. 2)3. First he looked at the coat with the expression of a waif at a bakery window. (Para. 47)4. He looked like a mound of dead raccoons. (Para. 54)5. ...the raccoon coat huddled like a great hairy beast at his feet. (Para. 94)6. It was like digging a tunnel. (Para. 120)7. I leaped to my feet, bellowing like a bull. (Para. 144)Antithesis1. “It is, after all, easier to make a beautiful dumb girl smart than to make an ugly smart girl beautiful.” (Para. 24)2. “Back and forth his head swiveled，desire waxing, resolution waning.” (Para. 47)3. If there is an irresistible force, there can be no immovable object. If there is an immovable object, there can be no irresistible force. (Para. 91)4. “Look at me--a brilliant student..ing from.” (Para. 150)Hyperbole1. Logic, far from being a dry, pedantic discipline, is a living, breathing thing, full of beauty, passion, and trauma. (Author’s Note)2. My brain was as powerful as a dynamo, as precise as a chemist’s scale, as penetrating as a scalpel. (Para. 1)3. It’s not often that one so young has such a giant intellect. (Para. 2)4. Finally he didn’t turn away at all; he just stood and stared with mad lust at the coat. (Para. 47)5. You are the whole world…of outer space (Para. 132)6. “I will wander the face of the earth, a shambling, hollow-eyed hulk.” (Para. 132)Metonymy1. But I was not one to let my heart rule my head. (Para. 20)2. Otherwise you have committed a Dicto Simpliciter. (Para. 70)3. You are guilty of Post Hoc if you blame Eula Becker. (Para. 79)LitotesThis loomed as a project of no small dimensions. (Para. 58)SynecdocheThere is a limit to what flesh and blood can bear. (Para. 112)AnalogyJust as Pygmalion loved the perfect woman he had fashioned, so I loved mine. (Para. 122) Transferred EpithetI said with a mysterious wink and closed my bag and left. (Para. 37)Rhetorical QuestionCould Carlyle do more Could Ruskin (Authors’ Note)“Really” said Polly, amazed. “Nobody” (Para. 73)Who knew (Para. 95)Lesson 5 The Sad Young MenMetaphor:1. …we had reached an international stature that would forever prevent us from retreating behind the artificial walls of a provincial morality… (Para. 2)2. battle for success (Para. 3)3. And like most escapist sprees, this one lasted until the money ran out, until the crash of the world economic structure at the end of the decade called the party to a halt and forced the revelers to sober up and face the problems of the new age. (Para. 4)4. …once the young men had received a good taste of twentieth-century warfare. (Para. 6)5. …they had outgrown town and families (Para. 6)6. …in sleepy Gopher Prairies all over the country (Para. 6)7. …to add their own little matchsticks to the conflagration of “flaming youth” (Para. 8)8. …now began to imitate the manners of their elders and play with the toys of vulgar rebellion. (Para. 8)9. …was the rallying point of sensitive persons disgusted with America. (Para. 9)10. …but since the country w as blind and deaf to everything save the glint and ring of the dollar,…(Para. 9)Personification:…the country was blind and deaf to everything…dollar…. (Para. 9)Metonymy:1. …our young men began to enlist under foreign flags. (Para. 5)2. Greenwich Village set the pattern. (Para. 7)3. …their minds and pens inflamed against war,…(Para. 7)4. …to add their own little matchsticks to the conflagration of “flaming youth” (Para. 8)5. Before long the movement had become officially recognized by the pulpit…(Pa ra. 8)6. …but since the country was blind and deaf to everything save the glint and ring of the dollar,…(Para. 9)Transferred epithet:The slightest mention of the decade brings nostalgic recollections to the middle-aged and curious questionings by the yo ung…(Para. 11)Simile:The war acted merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of the Victorian social structure… (Para. 3)。
英语修辞学Lecture 2
The diamond department was the heart and center of the store.
以下为英语Metaphor的常见运用格式： 1. 名词型 E.g All the world’s a stage, and all the men and women merely players. Money is a bottomless sea, in which honour, conscience, and truth may be drowned.
（三）、用as if或as though表示比喻关系 seem 虚拟句型, 最常见的是as if/though Eg: He was a beautiful horse that looked as though he had come out of a painting by Vealsquez.
(3)用remind…of表示比喻关系 本体与喻体之间以“remind…of”作桥梁，把二者 联系起 来，触景生情。 1．She reminds me of a tigress 2．His nose was particularly white and his large nostrils，correspondingly dark，reminds me of an oboe when they dilated. 3．These red roses remind him of his lovely and dear wife ten years ago．
英语Metaphor的运用格式灵活多样，它可以体现在任何句 子成分上，如主语、谓语、表语、定语、宾语或状语。在表 达上它可以是一个单词、一个词组或一个句子，甚至是一个 段落。 E.g Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper. Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. German guns and German planes rained down bombs, shells and bullets...
高级英语2 修辞练习 及 答案
高级英语第2册修辞练习第1课Point the rhetorical devices used in the following sentences1.We can batten down and ride it out。
（Metaphor ）2。
Wind and rain now whipped the house。
（Metaphor ）3。
Stay away from the windows. （Elliptical sentence )4.-—— the rain seemingly driven right through the walls. ( Simile）5.At 8:30, power failed。
（Metaphor ）6。
Everybody out the back door to the cars. （Elliptical sentence ）7.The children went from adult to adult like buckets in a fire brigade. ( Simile ) 8…the electrical systems had been killed by water。
( metaphor ）9.Everybody on the stairs. （elliptical sentence)10。
The wind sounded like the roar of a train passing a few yards away。
( simile ）11。
A moment later, the hurricane，in one mighty swipe，lifted the entire roof off the house and skimmed it 40 feet though the air。
( personification )12…it seized a 600,000-gallon Gulfport oil tank and dumped it 3.5 miles away。
英语修辞方法2
修辞方法Rhetorical Devices (2)PersonificationIt is to treat a thing or an idea as if it were human or had human qualities.1. Youth is hot and bold; Age is weak and cold. Youth is wild, and Age is tame. -----William Shakespeare2. The match will soon be over and defeat is staring us in the face.3. This time fate was smiling to him.4. Thunder roared and a pouring rain started.5. Dusk came stealthily.6. The storm was raging and angry sea was continuously tossing their boat.7. The sun kissed the green fields.8. The thirsty desert drank up the water.9. The youth were singing, laughing and playing the music instruments.10. The trees and flowers around them danced heartily as if touched by merry mood.11. The night, like some great loving mother, gently lays her hand at our fevered head.12. Ill-gotten wealth is but an evil friend.13. The leaves are trembling in the cold wind.14. The storm was so angry that it wanted to destroy everything in the cold wind.15. The thirsty soil drank in the rain.1.The waves were dimpling in the sunshine. (泛起笑窝)2.The green mountains were dancing, and the rivers and lakes smiling.3.The rose blushes in the morning breeze.4.Time will tell.5.On the table lay some dog-eared books.6.The wind sighed in the tree tops.7.The moon is riding in the sky.8.The lamb nodded as I came home.9.Pride goes before a fall.10.Success, health, and happiness are beckoning to you.11.Poetry is the queen of arts.12.Truth never grows old.ZoosemyOpposite to personification, it is to treat a human as an object, like an animal, a plant, an inanimate thing, or an abstract idea.1. “A lucky dog you are!” exclaimed Jim.2. Terribly hungry, the man wolfed down all the cakes.3. Children are flowers of our country.4. She found in him model and admiration.5. His spoilt children are rotten goods that will never prosper.6. Like a lion he rushed to meet his foe.7. He slept like a dog.8. The prostitutes are nothing but paper toys, played, ruined, torn, and thrown into the garbage can.9. She is shedding crocodile tears.10. Children are always eager to ape others.11. He is a bookworm.EuphemismIt is the substitution of a mild or vague expression for a harsh or unpleasant one, for example:to die to pass away, to leave us, one’s heart has stopped beating, to fall asleepold people senior citizens, gray hairmad emotionally disturbedmadhouse mental hospitalwhore working girl/call girl/business girl/pavement princessdustman sanitation workerprostitutes entertainerlavatory bathroom, men’s/women’s room, dressing room, restroom, water closet Invasion, raid military actionDriving inhabitants away or controlling them pacificationconcentration camps strategic hamletsgraveyard Memorial park; memory parkFirst Class (飞机上的豪华舱) Deluxe class/ Premium ClassSecond Class The First ClassThird Class Business Class/Economic Class/Tourist Classmake love with/ have sex with go to bed with/sleep withto be pregnant to be expectingsecondhand store resale storegarbage collector sanitation engineermaid/housekeeper domestic help/day-help/live-in help1.He is a bit slow for his age. (他反应较慢)2.He/She is a stout/plump man/woman.3.I have to pay a call./ I’d like to be excused./ I have to retire for a moment./ whereis the restroom?/ may I wash hands?4.His father passed away last week and is going to be laid to rest next Sunday.5.“What do you think of the roast duck?”“Not bad.”6.Your grammar is not particularly good.7.They parted after two years of marriage.8.Sometimes I think she sticks too much to her principles.9.I am afraid he has misrepresented the facts.10.He used poor judgment wherever he went.11.He worked and worked until he breathed his last.12.They laid down their lives for their country.13.And, in being low water, he went out with the tide.It is obvious that those euphemisms used by the ordinary people are meant to soften harsh reality, but those used by politicians may aim at deceiving the public. Alliterationwith might and main 尽全力neck and nothing 铤而走险地rough and ready粗糙但尚能用的，卤莽但还有能力的as blind as a bat 有眼无珠as large as life 与原物一般大小；千真万确bite the bullet 死撑硬挺，啃硬骨头put into practice 实行，实施1.His writing is clear and clean. trade policy is often viewed as inconsistent, incoherent and incomprehensibleto other countries.3.Time and tide wait for no man.4.He proved to be a slow, sleepy, sluggish-brained sloth.5.They got the work through with dash and daring regardless of the cost orconsequences.6.He is huge and humorous.7.She is both small and stupid.8.My father is always healthy and happy.Overstatement and understatementIn overstatement, the diction exaggerates the subject, and in understatement, the words play down the magnitude or value of the subject. Overstatement is also called hyperbole. Both overstatement and understatement aim at the same effect: to make the statement or description impressive or interesting.1.She is dying to know what job has been assigned her.2.On hearing that he had passed the CET 6, he whispered to himself, “I am theluckiest man in the world.”3.The millionaire spent a few dollars to build this indoor pool.4.The funny stories made all the audience laugh off their head.5.His parents praised his performance to the skies.More about HyperboleThank you Thanks a millionThey laughed heartily. They almost died laughing.I am hungry. I am starving.1. From his mouth flowed speech sweeter than honey.2. So great is he that the sun’s brilliance seemed dim by comparison.3. The two sisters are different in a thousand and one ways.4. In the spring I have counted one hundred and thirty-six kinds of weather inside offour-and-twenty hours. (Mark Twain)More about Understatement1. That is no laughing matter. (That’s a serious matter.)2. She was not without ambition. (She was quite ambitious.)3. This piece of work is nothing to be proud of. (It is disgraceful.)4. Sorry, this is in fact more than I can promise. (I cannot promise.)Transferred EpithetAn epithet is an adjective or descriptive phrase that serves to characterize somebody or something. A transferred epithet is one that is shifted from the noun it logically modifies to a word associated with that noun. When one says that he has had a busy day, one is using a figure of speech. For it is the person, not the day, that is busy.“移就修饰”/“转移修饰”/“移就”。
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