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When Christopher Columbus landed in the New World,the North American continent was area of astonishing ethic (1)____________and cultural diversity. North of the Rio Grande, which nowmarks the border among the United States and Mexico, was a (2)____________ population of over 12 million people representing approximately400 distinct cultures, 500 languages, and a remarkableVariety of political and religious institutions and physical andethic types. Compared to the Europeans, the Indian peoples (3)___________were extraordinary heterogeneous, and they often viewedthe Europe as just another tribe. (4)_____________These varied tribal cultures were as diversified as theLand the Indians lived. In the high plains of the (5)___________ Dakotas, the Mandan developed a peaceful communalsociety centered around agriculture. Only a few hundred milesoff, however, in the northwestern Montana, the Blackfeet (6)____________ turned from agriculture and began to use horse, which had beenintroduced by the Spaniards. As skilled riders they became (7)___________ hunters and fighters and developed a fierce and aggressiveculture centered around the buffalo. In the eastern woodlandssurrounding the Great Lakes, the Potawatomis were expertfisherman, canoe builders, and hunters. In the Northeast thesix Iroquois nations were among the most political (8)______________ sophisticated people in the world, formed the famed Iroquois (9)______________ confederation, that included the Senecas and the Mohawks (10)_______________ This confederation, with its systems of checks and balances,Provided a model for the United States constitutions.Democracy is not a new conception. The ancient Athenians (1)_____________ had a democratic system. Their democracy was the same asAmerican democracy in many ways. Furthermore, there are (2)_____________ several important differences between their democracy and ours.The ancient Athenians citizens voted fortheir representatives, and they also voted for certain issues. (3)_____________ Moreover, any qualified citizen could become public official. The (4)_____________ ancient Athenians democratic government also protected thecitizens’ right private property, encouraging private business and (5)_____________ supported public education.A similar system of representative government exists in theUnited States. United States citizens vote for theirrepresentatives, they can impeach representatives, too. (6)________________ American citizens also vote on certain important matters. In theUnited States, like in ancient Athens, any qualified citizen can (7)______________ become a public official. The government of this country alsoprotects private property, encourages private business enterprise,and support public education.The major difference between these two forms ofdemocracy is the definition of citizen. In ancient Athens acitizen was a free man, not a woman and a slave. Women and (8)______________ slaves were largest part of the population; thus, the Athenian (9)_______________ democracy was not broadly representative. In the United States,however, all American men and women, of all races andreligions, are citizens. Slavery is legal in this country. (10)_____________ therefore, American democracy is more broadly representative.In brief, democracy is an old and varied concept. In thePast it meant different things to many different people.Man has woefully misused the earth’s natural resources downthrough the ages. This has been done largely through his ignoring (1)_________of the consequences, but in the process he has succeeded in layingwasteful vast expanses of forests and croplands. If our (2)________ extending population is not to suffer from shortages and pollution (3)________in the future, a great effort must be made to repair some ofthe damages already done and to stop more harm from done. A (4)________ few people throughout the world are becoming less aware of our (5)________ past mistakes and are striving to halt this destruction and to revertto the use of methods from which will give us full use of our (6)______ resources without destroying them. The job may be a long one,require much study and practice. The most important thing that (7)________ those of us who live in towns or cities can do is to take interest in (8)_______ those problems and find out what is going on around us. Becausemuch of the land we see is covered up with sidewalks, streets, andbuildings, and this does not mean we are not directly (9)_______ effected by what happens to the water, and atmosphere of our (10)_______ country.The old-age paternalism of southern Canadians over Eskimoshas died more slowly in the rural villages where Eskimos havebeen more reluctant to voice their opinions aggressively. This hasbeen a frustration in government officials trying to develop local (1)________ leadership among the Eskimos, however a blessing to other de- (2)______ partments whose plans have been received without local obstruction. (3)________in rural areas the obligations of kinship often ran counter (4)_______ the best interests of the village and potential leaders were restrainedfrom making positive contributions to the village council.More recently, therefore, the educated Eskimos have been (5)_______ voicing over the interests of those in the rural areas. They are (6)_______ trying out to persuade the government to recognize the rights of (7)_______ full-time hunters, by protecting their territories from mining andoil prospectors, for example. The efforts of this active minorityis percolating through to the remoter villages whose inhabitants (8)_______ are becoming increasingly vocal.Continuing change is inevitable but future development policymust recognize that most Eskimos retain much of its traditional (9)________ outlook on life. New schemes should focus on resources thatthe Eskimos are used to handling, rather than enterprises such as (10)________ Mining.。