机械毕业设计716高空作业车的转台结构设计及有限元分析设计

高空作业车转台的结构设计及分析

摘要

本课题针对GKZ系列车型转台部分的要求工作装置，对GKZ型高空作业车回转机构进行设计及分析。高空作业车由液压马达、回转减速器及回转小齿轮、回转支承等组成。进行回转时，液压马达输出动力，通过回转减速器减速后带动输出轴上的小齿轮旋转，小齿轮与回转支承的齿圈啮合，由于回转支承的齿圈与车架刚性连接，因而回转减速器带动与之相连的转台回转。

本课题确定了高空作业车回转机构的传动方案，采用的单排四点接触球式回转支承，此类支承的主要优点是同时承受轴向、径向力和复合力矩。适用子中小型起重机。转台的结构设计采用的是倒π型结构，前后两个高强板，左右各一个支承板，再加两个加强筋形成。对转台采用PRO/E进行建模，将建好的模型通过转化放入ANSYS中进行有限元分析，分析出变形最大和受应力最大的接触面，对分析的结果的提出改进方案，对改进后的方案进行有限元分析比较, 确定最佳方案。本方案的设计为同类转台的结构设计提供了理论依据和分析方法。

在课题设计的过程中使用的方法有：（1）在结构设计过程中主要对转台的的受力情况进行分析，计算出转台的受力大小和转台的自重，对传动齿轮的设计及强度校核，运用绘图软件PRO/E进行建模。（2）将模型导入ANSYS中，对转台的受力情况进行分析查看其分析的结果，确保转台的变形和所受的应力均能符合设计要求。

[关键词]：高空作业车；转台结构设计；有限元分析；ANSYS

Constructional design and analysis for turn-table of aerial work platforms

Abstract

According to the requirement of working devices of turn-tables in the machine series type GKZ, this paper presented the constructional design and analysis for slewing mechanism of aerial work platforms. The aerial work platforms comprised hydraulic motors, rotary speed reducers, revolving pinions, slewing bearings and so on. When the turn-table slewed, the hydraulic motor transmitted power output which enabled pinions on the output shaft to revolve. Pinions were meshed with ring gear on slewing bearings. Due to rigid connection between the ring gear on slewing bearings and the chassis, turn-tables were rotated by rotary speed reducers. Gear plan for slewing mechanism of aerial work platforms and constructional design for turn-table were presented.

Gear plans transmission for slewing mechanism of aerial work platforms was provided in which single-row four-point contact ball slewing bearings were adopted. The advantage of this type of bearing, which suited small and medium crane, was that it can bear axial force, radial force and compound moment at the same time. Configurations of anti type π were adopted in constructional design for turn-table, in which there were two high strength plates in tandem, two eudipleural supporting plates and two stiffened panels. Modeling and simulation of turn tables were obtained using PRO/E. The obtained modeling was transformation and analyzed by ANSYS Finite Element Analysis software. Consequently, contact area in the maximum of deformation and stress were analyzed. According to the results, improved schemes were presented, which were further analyzed and compared by finite element analysis. Finally, the best scheme was founded. This project provided the approaches of constructional design for the similar type of turn-table in theory.

The following methods were used in this project: 1) Force situation of turn tables were analyzed in constructional design, and force variation and mass of turn-tables were calculated. The design and intensity of transmission gear were checked. Modeling and simulation were obtained using drawing software PRO/E; 2) The modeling were imputed into ANSYS and bearing force of turn-tables were analyzed. The results ensured that the deformation of turn-tables and their bearing force would meet the design requirements.

[Keywords]: Aerial work platform; Turn-tables; Constructional design; Finite element analysis;

ANSYS