高三复习 定语从句详解

定语从句

第一部分：基础知识

（一）．定语从句概述

如果是一个句子担任定语，那么这个句子就叫做定语从句，又可称为形容词性从句。

定语从句通常修饰某一名词或代词，被定语从句修饰的这一名词或代词叫先行词。定语从句的作用即在于对先行词进行限定说明或补充说明。

（二）．定语从句的引导词

定语从句的引导词分为两类

关系代词（that, which, who, whom, whose ）

关系副词（ when, where, why ）

引导词在先行词和定语从句之间，既起连接作用，即连接先行词和定语从句，更重要的是，它又在定语从句中作一个成分。那么，关系代词和关系副词有什么区别呢？下面我们来具体讲解：

（3）．关系代词

关系代词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语

1. that 指人，物

eg: This is the photo （that I took in the country）.

He is the singer （that I met yesterday）.

2. which 指物

eg: The expert offered us another piece of advice, which is of great help to our program.

eg: Julie was good at German, French and Russian, all of ______ she spoke fluently.

A. which

B.what c.that D.these

如要选D，题目应该怎么改？

3. who 指人，在从句中作主语，宾语。

whom 指人，在从句中作宾语；如先行词前有介词，则用whom而不用who。

eg: The lady (who /whom we met in the elevator this morning )is said to be the promoted.（作宾语即可用who也可用whom）

That is the professor (who /whom you want to know).

eg: The girl (at whom her classmates often laughed) was in fact very clever.

5. whose 指人，物，相当于先行词+ ’s, 后接一名词；可等于the + 名词 + of。

eg: I know the boy (whose parents/the parents of whom are dead).

I don’t like those cities (whose roads/the roads of which are dirty).

whose用于从句主句成分完整，但主语残缺的情况：

eg: Last week, we watched Beijing Opera, ______ style was unfamiliar to mos of us.

A. which

B. whose

C. that

D. as

选B。先行词是Beijing Opera，带入到从句应该是Beijing Opera’s style was unfamiliar to mos of us.

eg: She showed the visitors around the museum, ______ construction had taken more than 3 years.

A. of which

B. which

C. whose

D.what

如要选A，题目应该怎么改？

【注】：关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略。

（四）．关系副词

关系副词在从句中作状语，有时相当于介词+which，其中which指代先行词,不可以指示整个句子。

1. when 指时间，在从句中作时间状语，相当于at/ on/ in/ during which. eg: I’ll never forget the day (when /on which I reached the top of the Huangshan Mountain).

eg: Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, ______ the audience can buy ice-cream.

A when

B where

C that

D which

选A。Interval意为间隔，休息时间。是表示时间的名词，作先行词，它的含义在从句中作状语，即：the audience can buy ice-cream( in the interval).。所以选择A when。

eg: I shall never forget those days _______ I lived in the city with the workers, ______has had a great effect on my life.

A. which; that

B. which; which

C. when; which

D. when; who

选C。第一空用when引导定语从句，在句中作状语，先行词为those days；第二空用which引导非限制性定语从句，指代those days when I lived ... workers。

2. where 指地点，在从句中作地点状语，相当于at/ in / to/ which.

eg: This is the school (where/at which I studied).

eg: A man with a bleeding hand hurried in and asked, “Is there a hospital around ______ I can get some medicine for my wounded hand?”

A. that

B. which

C. where

D. what

选C。句中的around 不是介词，而是副词，意为“在附近”；其后的where 引导定语从句用以修饰其前的地点名词 hospital，带入应该是句子