2018年上海杨浦区高三二模试卷(附答案)

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完美2018年杨浦区高三英语二模(免编辑含答案)

上海市杨浦区2018年度第二学期高三模拟质量调研英语学科试卷2018.4Ⅰ. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections:In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. On the playground. B. In a department store.C. In the school building.D. In a stadium.2. A. $518. B. $580.C. $614.D. $640.3. A. Mr. Johnson‟s ideas are nonsense.B. He quite agrees with Mr. Johnson‟s views.C. Mr. Johnson is good at expressing his ideas.D. He shares the woman‟s views on social welfare.4. A. New ways to charge phones.B. The spread of false information.C. Interesting videos on WeChat.D. How people enlarge their circle of friends.5. A. The weather report is far from the truth.B. The heat continues to the end of the week.C. He will hang out at the end of the week.D. He‟s relieved to have gone through the hot days.6. A. See the Hollywood movie.B. Skip the beginning of the movie.C. Go to sleep early.D. Watch the movie advertisement.7. A. The woman has been chatting with her parents for a long time.B. There is something wrong with her parents‟ telephone.C. It‟s very likely that the phone is not properly hung up.D. Her parents are busy talking on the phone for 30 minutes.8. A. A big sports centre is opened to the public.B. A swimming pool has already been completed.C. More facilities will be finished ahead of time.D. It has the most impressive building for miles around.9. A. His words are not so reliable.B. He is well prepared for the test.C. He is well-informed and knows everything.D. He knows a lot about the school arrangement.10. A. They are raising money for their club.B. They will go on to call more people.C. They will finish working today.D. They‟re glad to contribute money.Directions:In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be askedseveral questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. They can remind themselves to make full use of time.B. They can keep time when they are writing a novel.C. They should pay by the minute when they leave.D. They can get a clock as a gift for buying the coffee.12. A. Customers should wash their own dishes for there is no waitress.B. The relaxed atmosphere attracts like-minded people to socialize there.C. Customers can bring their own snacks because no food is served there.D. Wi-Fi is unavailable because face-to-face communication is encouraged there.13. A. It has proved to be popular in both Britain and Russia.B. The pilot shop in London is not as successful as expected.C. It‟s not well-received in Britain because it costs more.D. It takes time to see whether British people like it or not.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Teach students how to avoid errors in writing.B. Correct test papers on Chinese language course.C. Help foreigners to learn Chinese characters.D. Correct mistakes in students‟ speeches.15. A. It should be connected with a laser printer.B. Essays of different styles should be stored in it.C. The paper text should be changed into digital text.D. Character recognition system should be installed in it.16. A. It cannot work as efficiently and accurately as a real teacher.B. It cannot appreciate the content and the beauty of language.C. It cannot use different symbols to mark different mistakes.D. Its Chinese linguistic data system is not big and complete.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. The post is really funny.B. They enjoy bullying（欺负）Bill.C. They all get along well with Bill.D. They often give likes to friend‟s post.18. A. He pushed Bill down the stairs.B. He made fun of the man last year.C. He made negative comments on the post.D. He once hurt the man‟s feeling seriously.19. A. Lead to quarrels and isolation.B. Seek revenge and behave violently.C. Improve endurance and interpersonal skills.D. Affect academic performance and emotional health.20. A. Delete his post as soon as possible.B. Apologize to Bill for his hurtful post.C. Convince Bill of his well-meant action.D. Stop posting anything about Bill for a while.II. Grammar and vocabularySection AWhen it comes to innovative countries, we always think of places like the US, the UK and Germany. However, Israel is also a global leader (21)______ innovation.According to the World Economic Forum‟s Global Competitiveness Report 2016-2017, Israel is the second (22)______ (innovative) nation in the world, just after Switzerland.Many of us (23)______ not be aware, but technologies developed in Israel have changed our lives. For example, antivirus software (24)______ protects our computers was first developed in Israel in the 1970s, according to The Telegraph. In addition, features on our mobile phones such as voicemail and SMS were also developed in Israel.So it comes as no surprise that Israel plans to use its innovative strength (25)______ (power) the cooperation with China in the Belt and Road Initiative. (26)______ ______ ______ Israel is needed, it will spare no effort to contribute to the project, said Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu during his visit to China in March, according to Xinhua News Agency.Many Israeli environmental technology companies have already set up facilities in Shandong province, (27)______ (bring) Israeli techniques to many areas such as recycling water for agricultural use, reported the Times of Israel.(28)______ (found) on very dry land, Israel had been worried about water for a very long time. However, in recent years, the quality and quantity of water in Israel (29)______ (improve), with the help of techniques that turn Mediterranean seawater and wastewater into usable water.In fact, such innovations have led to more and more Chinese students (30)______ (seek) quality higher education in Israel. “When Chinese students who study here go back home, they will be in positions to influence China-Israel relationships in the future,” Emma Afterman, manager of Israel-China Academic Relations at the Council for Higher Education, told the Jerusalem Post.Parents have been concerned about their kids‟ use of technology since the dawn of technology – or at least since the invention of the transistor radio in the 1950s. Today, technology is everywhere, and kids are growing up __31__ to their smartphones, tablets and laptops in ways that …50s moms and dad s could never have dreamed of. Parental concern has grown along with this tech __32__. But now, even those in the industry are wondering if technology has taken a truly __33__ hold on all of us – and especially children.No less than Melinda Gates, wife of Microsoft founder Bill Gates, wrote an editorial in the Washington Post last summer expressing regret for the Pandora‟s Box she and her husband helped open. “I spent my career in technology.I wasn‟t prepared for its effect on my kids,” she wrote. “Phones and apps aren‟t good or bad by themselves, but for adolescents who don‟t yet have the emotional tools to deal with life‟s complication and __34__, they can add to the difficulties of growing up.”A study, which came out this year, looked at yearly surveys of 8th, 10th, and 12th graders in the U.S. between 1991-2016, and __35__ markers of psychological well-being, such as self-esteem, life satisfaction and happiness. It found that such well-being suddenly decreased after 2012 – just at the time that the use of smartphone and social media __36__. There was a direct correlation between the amount of time spent on electronics and unhappiness. Happiness was highest among kids who participated in sports, followed by in-person socializing and __37__ services. The lowest? Online computer games –the abuse of which has recently been __38__ a recognized mental health disorder by the World Health Organization – and social media.Early this year, big players formerly of tech companies such as Google and Facebook created the Center for Humane Technology and, in partnership with the nonprofit organization Common Sense Media, __39__ a full media and advertising attack on the very industry they had a hand in building. Their initiative, the Truth about Tech, is pouring millions of dollars into a(n) __40__ to warn parents, teachers and students that the technology they use is in fact engineered to addict them.III. Reading ComprehensionSection AIf you could be anybody in the world, who would it be? This is usually just a theoretical question. The idea of suddenly taking the form of your neighbor, a celebrity or even your dog is fun to think about, but seemingly impossible to __41__.Yet a few people have experienced what it might be like to step into the skin of another person, thanks to an unusual virtual reality device. “The first seconds are just overwhelming,” says Rikke Frances Wahl, a woman who __42__ became a man. “It feels mysterious. You start to feel more and more comfortable in it, and you start to really get the __43__ of how it would be if it were your body.”Wahl, an actress, model and artist, was one of the participants in a body swapping(替换) experiment at the Be Another lab, a project developed by a group of artists based in Barcelona. She __44__ her new body using a machine called The Machine to be Another. The set-up is relatively simple. Both users put on a virtual reality headset with a camera installed to the top of it. The video from each camera is piped to the other person, so what you see is the exact view of your __45__. If she moves her arm, you see it. If you move your arm, she sees it. To get used to seeing another person‟s body without actually having control of it, participants start by moving their arms and legs very slowly, so that the other can follow along. __46__, this kind of slow, synchronized(同步) movement becomes comfortable, and participants really start to feel as though they were living in another person‟s body. “It was so natural,” Wahl says, laughing, “and at the same time it was so unnatural.”Interestingly, using such technology __47__ to alter people‟s behaviour afterwards – potentially for the better. Studies have shown that virtual reality can be __48__ in fighting implicit racism(隐性种族歧视). Researchers at the University of Barcelona gave people a questionnaire called the Implicit Association Test, which measures the strength of people‟s associations between.Another study showed that using the so-called “rubber hand illusion(错觉)” can have the same __49__. When that rubber hand is a colour unlike their skin, participants __50__ lower on tests for implicit racism than when they watched a hand of the same skin colour.The idea is that once you‟ve “put yourself in another‟s shoes” you‟re less likely to think __51__ of them, because your brain has __52__ the feeling of being that person.Wahl says that she‟d jump at the chance to swap bodies with someone again. “I would really, really __53__ it to everyone, everyone should try this thing,” she says. “We all have different feelings and points of views about things,” says Pointeau, “and it‟s really strongly related to our __54__ experience. With this kind of experience we can __55__ empathy – the action of understanding, but also maybe help people better understand themselves too.”41. A. execute B. excuse C. explore D. exhibit42. A. contemporarily B. permanently C. temporarily D. secretly43. A. passion B. fantasy C. familiarity D. energy44. A. inherited B. altered C. endured D. acquired45. A. reflection B. partner C. colleague D. image46. A. Consciously B. Constantly C. Eventually D. Equivalently47. A. requires B. prefers C. promises D. volunteers48. A. progressive B. informative C. realistic D. intention49. A. impact B. instruction C. initiative D. intention50. A. analyzed B. scored C. predicted D. valued51. A. highly B. ill C. straight D. fairly52. A. expressed B. mixed C. internalized D. deleted53. A. connect B. advertise C. register D. recommend54. A. bodily B. sensitive C. mental D. initial55. A. endure B. promote C. honor D. identifySection B(A)A British hospital director told me he was hunting for staff to replace the foreign doctors and nurses leaving because of Brexit(脱欧). He hadn‟t found many qualified Britons queuing to replace them.In an age when the “war for talent” is a global business trend, the UK is fighting a war against talent. But if I were a Brexiter, I‟d say: Brexit should be the prompt for Britain to finally start training enough of its own talent. If UK wants to avoid economic decline, it will need to train far more of its own nurses, construction workers, architects, etc. For a country whose policy has always been not to educate the working class, that would be a reversal of history.Before Brexit, high-skilled immigrants staffed world-class British sectors such as the City of London and the creative economy. In healthcare, the UK developed a brilliant way: let a poor country like Roma nia fund a nurse‟s education, then underpay her to look after sick Brits. Low-skilled immigrants eager to work all hours for little money gave the UK cafes and corner shops that seldom closed. Low-skilled Britons could have done these jobs, but mostly didn‟t.The coming wave of British talent is largely immigrant too: the kids who have made London‟s state schools the UK‟s best, plus the offspring of Russian, Chinese and other foreign elites(精英) who fill private schools. Many of these would love to stay and make the UK richer.But Brexiters want to cut immigration. The obvious solution: equip working-class Brits to do jobs from nursing to banking. Jonathan Portes, economics professor at King‟s College said: “The problem of UK vocational education has been k nown for at least a century. We‟ve always neglected it.” In fact, in August the UK removed the state bursary(助学金) for people training to be nurses, midwives and speech therapists. Students now have to fund courses themselves, then earn a low salary for a lifetime.If Britain doesn‟t upskill its workers fast, it will lose skilled jobs. It will continue to have the world‟s best universities per capita only if it can find enough Britons to replace foreign academics who leave the UK. Much the same applies to finance or design. Meanwhile, low-skilled foreign fruit pickers have already melted away since the pound plunged. With few Britons queuing to replace them, much of this year‟s produce rotted in the fields.So the likely post-Brexit outcome is a UK that cannot keep itself in the style to which it has become accustomed. The war against talent will probably leave Britain looking a bit more like today‟s English seaside towns, or most of the country in the 1970s: culturally homogeneous(同种类的), relatively poor and under-serviced.56. The UK is fighting a war against talent because ______.A. skilled immigrants leave the country after BrexitB. it doesn‟t have enough fund to train its own citizensC. too many qualified Britons are queuing for creative jobsD. it is trying a different approach to attracting talent57. Which is FALSE about the situation in the UK before Brexit?A. Hospital employed many immigrant nurses.B. Much attention was paid to the nurse training.C. Many Brits were unwilling to do low-paid jobs.D. Immigrant elites could find creative and decent jobs.58. What can we learn from the passage?A. Most well-educated immigrants had no plan to stay in the UK.B. The government now gives nurses-to-be some financial support.C. A lot of fruits rotted in the fields for the lack of skilled fruit pickers.D. The outflow of talent only existed in the field of education and healthcare.59. According to the writer, the post-Brexit Britain is likely to ______.A. be as rich and powerful as it used to beB. be as convenient as it was before BrexitC. be different in style but the same in essenceD. go backward in economy and social service(B)FreethisThe DJI Mavic Pro folds down as small as a bottle ofyou New OcuSync transmission system offers up to 7km offeaturessensor DJI Spark Alopine White with Extra Battery &ANDmovingRecord ultra-stable Full HD footage and 12MP stills Measures approximately the same size as can of popD14.3cmFreeActiveavoidstabilityProFlight Maverick Folding Camera Drone WithIt folds away small enough to fit into your backpackTap a button to take off. Tap a button to land. It‟s thatyourIt automatically returns to you at the touch of ayourhone60. The four drones(无人机) are listed in order of ______.A. popularityB. discountC. priceD. size61. If you want to share what you shoot on WeChat within the shortest time, _______ is recommended.A. DJI Mavic Pro 4K Foldable Camera DroneB. DJI Spark Alpine WhiteC. DJI Phantom 4 4K Camera DroneD. ProFlight Maverick Folding Camera Drone62. Among the four types, ProFlight Maverick Folding Camera Drone has a unique feature that ______.A. its maximum speed is the highestB. users can pilot it just by moving fingersC. it can be controlled by smartphoneD. it takes up the least space when folded(C)It‟s almost spring, the time of year when the change in seasons could lead to some pretty fascinating cloud activity in the sky. NASA and the GLOBE Program are inviting you to take part in a citizen science cloud observation challenge. The GLOBE Program is an international science and education program that provide students and the public with the opportunity to participate in data collection and the scientific process.From March 15 through April 15, citizen scientists of all ages can make up to 10 cloud observations per day using the GLOBE Observer app or one of the other data entry options (for trained GLOBE members). Challenge participants with the most observations will be congratulated by a NASA scientist in a video posted on the GLOBE Program‟s website and on social media.“The GLOBE Progra m is offering this challenge to show people how important it is to NASA to have citizen scientist observations: observations from the ground up,” said Marile Colon Robles, lead for the GLOBE Clouds team at NASA‟s Langley Research Center in Hampton, Virginia. “We‟re going from winter to spring, so the types of storms will change, which will also change the types of clouds.”Researchers use, and value, this citizen science cloud data because it helps to validate data from Earth-observing instruments. Scientists at Langley work with a set of six instruments known as the Clouds and the Earth‟s Radiant Energy System (CERES).Even though CERES‟ instruments use advanced technology, it is not always easy for researchers to positively identify all types of clouds in their images. For example, it can be difficult to differ thin, wispy cirrus clouds(细小的卷云) from snow since both are cold and bright; even more so when cirrus clouds are above a surface with patchy snow(片状雪) or snow cover. One solution to this problem is to look at satellite images from a particular area and compare them to data submitted by citizen scientists on the ground.“Looking at what an observer recorded as clouds and looking at their suface observations really helps us better understand the images that were matched from the satellite,” said Colon Robles.You don‟t have to be a cloud-gazing professional to participate. For those who want to be part of the challenge but don‟t have a lot of experience identifying clouds, Colon Robles offers the following advice: “Just go outside.” The more clouds you observe, she said, the more comfortable you‟ll be collecting data.63. Why do researchers launch the cloud observation challenge?A. The GLOBE Program is badly short of hands.B. The technology CERES uses is not that advanced.C. Scientists can compare data from different instruments.D. Cirrus clouds are difficult to identify when with snow cover.64. The underlined word “validate” is closest in meaning to ______.A. createB. cancelC. countD. confirm65. Which of the following is TRUE?A. Citizen observers can only submit their data by means of an app.B. Observers submitting the most observations can get a special prize.C. Observations from the ground are not as valuable as satellite images.D. The data collected by citizen scientists will be posted on social media.66. Which is the best title for the passage?A. NASA Employs New members.B. Cloud Activities Bring a New Challenge.C. Citizens Gain Experience through Observation.D. Professionals Teach You to Observe Clouds.A new report by the World Bank shows that the effects of climate change could force 140 millionpeople to move within their countries by 2050.The report looked at three developing regions of the world –sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia andLatin America. ___67___Climate migrants are people who are forced to move within their country because of water scarcity, crop failure, rising sea levels and storm surges due to climate change.___68___ It is important to help people make good decisions about whether to stay where they are or move to new locations where they are less vulnerable.The report noted that the effects of climate change will often force people to move from rural areas suffering from droughts or crop failures to cities where there are diffe rent opportunities. ___69___ “Without the right planning and support, people migrating from rural areas into cities could be facing could be facing new and even more dangerous risks,” said Kanta Kumari Rigaud, the report‟s team lead.“___70___” Rigaud added.The report recommends key actions to help prevent wide-scale climate migration: cutting global greenhouse gas emissions; improving development planning at the local level for climate migration; and investing in data to better understand climate migration trends in each country. The report notes that any rise in climate migration will be in addition to millions of other migrants within countries, moving for economic, social, political or other reasons.Ⅳ. Summary WritingIt is universally true that all parents in the world love their children. However, as parents' views of life vary, they show their love in different ways．The monarch type of parents are intolerant and self-centered. They lay down regulations in the family for their children to observe. Furthermore，they insist that their children should act upon them without question. With a firm belief in their own philosophy of life, they have litter respect for others‟ opinions, least of all, their children's. The sen tence they say most frequently to their children is, “you should do this.”Contrary to the monarch-type parents, the servant-type parents revolve around their children all the time. They are soft, good-nature, and easy-going. They never deny their children any wish, and cheerfully run to buy anything their children ask for. They are happy so tong as their children are content. With the sincere belief that love means sacrifice, they are ready to give up anything for their children's sake. With their children at the center of their lives, they always ask, “What else can we do for you?”The friends-type parents, as the term implies, treat their children as friends. They are generous and wise. Like good friends, they discuss with their children the latest news, share their children's interests, and listen attentively to their children's expression of emotion, whether it is anger, fear, joy or sorrow. They have a close relationship with their children while sticking to their principled stand. They discuss problems with their children rather than provide ready solution. They respect their children as their equals. They often say: “Let's put our heads together and see what we can do.”There is no doubt that children welcome the third type of parents, for a free, friendly, and sympathetic atmosphere at home is most favorable to the development of youngsters both in body and in mind. All parents should re-examine and change some of their ways of showing their love if they want their children to grow up happily and healthily.Ⅴ. Translation72. 据报道数以百计的消防员正在参加营救行动。

上海市杨浦区2018届高考二模数学试题含答案

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上海市杨浦区 2018 届高三二模数学试卷
2018.04
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上海市杨浦区2018高三数学二模(含解析)

上海市杨浦区2018届高三二模数学试卷2018.04一. 填空题（本大题共12题，1-6每题4分，7-12每题5分，共54分） 1. 函数lg 1y x =-的零点是 2. 计算：2lim41n nn →∞=+3. 若(13)n x +的二项展开式中2x 项的系数是54，则n =4. 掷一颗均匀的骰子，出现奇数点的概率为5. 若x 、y 满足020x y x y y -≥⎧⎪+≤⎨⎪≥⎩，则目标函数2f x y =+的最大值为6. 若复数z 满足1z =，则z i -的最大值是7. 若一个圆锥的主视图（如图所示）是边长为3、3、2的三角形，则该圆锥的体积是8. 若双曲线2221613x y p-=(0)p >的左焦点在抛物线22y px =的准线上，则p = 9. 若3sin()cos cos()sin 5x y x x y x ---=，则tan 2y 的值为10. 若{}n a 为等比数列，0n a >，且20182a =，则2017201912a a +的最小值为 11. 在ABC △中，角A 、B 、C 所对的边分别为a 、b 、c ，2a =，2sin sin A C =.若B 为钝角，1cos24C =-，则ABC ∆的面积为 12. 已知非零向量OP uu u r 、OQ uuu r 不共线，设111m OM OP OQ m m =+++uuu r uu u r uuur ，定义点集{|}||||FP FM FQ FMA F FP FQ ⋅⋅==uu r uuu r uu u r uuu r uu r uu u r . 若对于任意的3m ≥，当1F ，2F A ∈且不在直线PQ 上时，不等式12||||F F k PQ ≤uuu u r uu u r恒成立，则实数k 的最小值为二. 选择题（本大题共4题，每题5分，共20分）13. 已知函数()sin()(0,||)f x x ωϕωϕπ=+><的图象如图所示，则ϕ的值为（）A. 4πB. 2πC. 2π- D. 3π-14. 设A 、B 是非空集合，定义：{|A B x x A B ⨯=∈U 且}x A B ∉I .已知2{|2}A x y x x ==-，{|1}B x x =>，则A B ⨯等于（）A.[0,1](2,)+∞UB. [0,1)(2,)+∞UC.[0,1]D. [0,2]15. 已知22110a b +≠，22220a b +≠，则“11220a b a b =”是“直线1111:0l a x b y c ++=与 2222:0l a x b y c ++=平行”的（）条件A. 充分非必要B. 必要非充分C. 充要D. 既非充分也非必要 16. 已知长方体的表面积为452，棱长的总和为24. 则长方体的体对角线与棱所成角的最大值为（） A. 1arccos 3B. 2arccosC. 3arccosD. 6arccos三. 解答题（本大题共5题，共14+14+14+16+18=76分）17. 共享单车给市民出行带来了诸多便利，某公司购买了一批单车投放到某地给市民使用，据市场分析，每辆单车的营运累计利润y （单位：元）与营运天数x ()x ∈*N 满足函数关系式21608002y x x =-+-. （1）要使营运累计利润高于800元，求营运天数的取值范围；（2）每辆单车营运多少天时，才能使每天的平均营运利润yx的值最大？18. 如图，在棱长为1的正方体1111ABCD A B C D -中，点E 是棱AB 上的动点. （1）求证：11DA ED ⊥；（2）若直线1DA 与平面1CED 所成的角是45o，请你确定点E 的位置，并证明你的结论.19. 已知数列{}n a ，其前n 项和为n S ，满足12a =，1n n n S na a λμ-=+，其中2n ≥，n ∈*N ，λ，μ∈R .（1）若0λ=，4μ=，12n n n b a a +=-（n ∈*N ），求数列{}n b 的前n 项和；（2）若23a =，且32λμ+=，求证：数列{}n a 是等差数列.20. 已知椭圆222:9x y m Ω+=(0)m >，直线l 不过原点O 且不平行于坐标轴，l 与Ω有两个交点A 、B ，线段AB 的中点为M .（1）若3m =，点K 在椭圆Ω上，1F 、2F 分别为椭圆的两个焦点，求12KF KF ⋅u u u r u u u u r的范围；（2）证明：直线OM 的斜率与l 的斜率的乘积为定值；（3）若l 过点(,)3mm ，射线OM 与Ω交于点P ，四边形OAPB 能否为平行四边形？若能，求此时l 的斜率；若不能，说明理由．21. 记函数()f x 的定义域为D . 如果存在实数a 、b 使得()()f a x f a x b -++=对任意满足a x D -∈且a x D +∈的x 恒成立，则称()f x 为ψ函数.（1）设函数1()1f x x =-，试判断()f x 是否为ψ函数，并说明理由；（2）设函数1()2x g x t=+，其中常数0t ≠，证明：()g x 是ψ函数；（3）若()h x 是定义在R 上的ψ函数，且函数()h x 的图象关于直线x m =（m 为常数）对称，试判断()h x 是否为周期函数？并证明你的结论.上海市杨浦区2018届高三二模数学试卷2018.04一. 填空题（本大题共12题，1-6每题4分，7-12每题5分，共54分） 1. 函数lg 1y x =-的零点是【解析】lg 1010x x -=⇒=2. 计算：2lim41n nn →∞=+【解析】123. 若(13)n x +的二项展开式中2x 项的系数是54，则n =【解析】223544n C n =⇒=4. 掷一颗均匀的骰子，出现奇数点的概率为【解析】125. 若x 、y 满足020x y x y y -≥⎧⎪+≤⎨⎪≥⎩，则目标函数2f x y =+的最大值为【解析】三个交点为(1,1)、(0,0)、(2,0)，所以最大值为3 6. 若复数z 满足1z =，则z i -的最大值是【解析】结合几何意义，单位圆上的点到(0,1)的距离，最大值为27. 若一个圆锥的主视图（如图所示）是边长为3、3、2的三角形，则该圆锥的体积是【解析】13V π=⋅⋅=8. 若双曲线2221613x y p-=(0)p >的左焦点在抛物线22y px =的准线上，则p = 【解析】2234164p p p +=⇒= 9. 若3sin()cos cos()sin 5x y x x y x ---=，则tan 2y 的值为【解析】3sin 5y =-，3tan 4y =±，24tan 27y =±10. 若{}n a 为等比数列，0n a >，且20182a =，则2017201912a a +的最小值为【解析】2019201720182220172019201820182124a a a a a a ++=≥=11. 在ABC △中，角A 、B 、C 所对的边分别为a 、b 、c ，2a =，2sin sin A C =. 若B 为钝角，1cos24C =-，则ABC ∆的面积为【解析】2a =，4c =，21cos212sin sinC C C =-=-⇒=cos C =sin A =cos A =sin sin()B A C =+=，1242S =⨯⨯=12. 已知非零向量OP uu u r 、OQ uuu r 不共线，设111m OM OP OQ m m =+++uuu r uu u r uuur ，定义点集{|}||||FP FM FQ FMA F FP FQ ⋅⋅==uu r uuu r uu u r uuu r uu r uu u r . 若对于任意的3m ≥，当1F ，2F A ∈且不在直线PQ 上时，不等式12||||F F k PQ ≤uuu u r uu u r 恒成立，则实数k 的最小值为【解析】建系，不妨设(1,0)P -，(1,0)Q ，∴1(,0)1m M m -+，3m ≥，11[,1)12m m -∈+， ∴3FP MP FQ MQ =≥，设(,)F x y ，∴2222(1)9(1)x y x y ++≥-+，即2259()416x y -+≤，点F 在此圆内， ∴12max 33||242F F =⨯=uuu u r ，33224k k ≤⇒≥二. 选择题（本大题共4题，每题5分，共20分）13. 已知函数()sin()(0,||)f x x ωϕωϕπ=+><的图象如图所示，则ϕ的值为（）A. 4πB. 2πC. 2π- D. 3π-【解析】T π=，2ω=，()122f ππϕ=⇒=-，选C14. 设A 、B 是非空集合，定义：{|A B x x A B ⨯=∈U 且}x A B ∉I .已知{|A x y =，{|1}B x x =>，则A B ⨯等于（）A.[0,1](2,)+∞UB. [0,1)(2,)+∞UC.[0,1]D. [0,2]【解析】[0,2]A =，[0,)A B =+∞U ，(1,2]A B =I ，选A 15. 已知22110a b +≠，22220a b +≠，则“11220a b a b =”是“直线1111:0l a x b y c ++=与 2222:0l a x b y c ++=平行”的（）条件A. 充分非必要B. 必要非充分C. 充要D. 既非充分也非必要【解析】11220a b a b =推出直线平行或重合，选B16. 已知长方体的表面积为452，棱长的总和为24. 则长方体的体对角线与棱所成角的最大值为（）A. 1arccos 3B. arccos 3C.D.【解析】设三条棱a b c ≤≤，∴454ab ac bc ++=，6a b c ++=，222272a b c ++=，222224522[(6)]a b c a bc a a a ++≥+=+--，整理得2430a a -+≤，∴12a ≤≤，∴最短棱长为1，体对角线长为2，cos θ==，选D三. 解答题（本大题共5题，共14+14+14+16+18=76分）17. 共享单车给市民出行带来了诸多便利，某公司购买了一批单车投放到某地给市民使用，据市场分析，每辆单车的营运累计利润y （单位：元）与营运天数x ()x ∈*N 满足函数关系式21608002y x x =-+-. （1）要使营运累计利润高于800元，求营运天数的取值范围；（2）每辆单车营运多少天时，才能使每天的平均营运利润yx的值最大？【解析】（1）要使营运累计收入高于800元，令80080060212>-+-x x ， ……2分解得8040<<x .………………………………………5分所以营运天数的取值范围为40到80天之间 .………………………………7分（2）6080021+--=x x x y 6020≤-= …………………………………9分当且仅当18002x x=时等号成立，解得400x = …………………………12分所以每辆单车营运400天时，才能使每天的平均营运利润最大，最大为20元每天 .…14分18. 如图，在棱长为1的正方体1111ABCD A B C D -中，点E 是棱AB 上的动点. （1）求证：11DA ED ⊥；（2）若直线1DA 与平面1CED 所成的角是45o，请你确定点E 的位置，并证明你的结论. 【解析】以D 为坐标原点，建立如图所示的坐标系，则(0,0,0)D ，(1,0,0)A ，(1,1,0)B ， C (0,1,0) ，D 1(0,1,2) ，A 1(1,0,1)，设(1,,0)E m (01)m ≤≤（1）证明：1(1,0,1)DA =u u u u r，1(1,,1)ED m =--u u u u r ………2分111(1)0()110DA ED m ⋅=⨯-+⨯-+⨯=u u u r u u u u r ………4分所以DA 1⊥ED 1. ……………6分另解：1ADA AE 平面⊥，所以D A AE 1⊥. ……………2分又11AD D A ⊥，所以AE D D A 11平面⊥. ……………………………4分所以11DA ED ⊥……………………………6分（2）以A 为原点，AB 为x 轴、AD 为y 轴、AA 1为z 轴建立空间直角坐标系…………7分所以)1,0,0(1A 、)0,1,0(D 、)0,1,1(C 、)1,1,0(1D ，设t AE =，则)0,0,(t E ………8分设平面CED 1的法向量为),,(z y x =，由⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧=⋅=⋅001CD n 可得⎩⎨⎧=--=+-0)1(0y x t z x ，所以⎩⎨⎧-==xt y xz )1(，因此平面CED 1的一个法向量为)1,1,1(-t ………10分由直线1DA 与平面1CED 所成的角是45o ，可得||||45sin 11n DA =︒ ……11分可得1)1(12|11|222+-+⋅+-=t t ，解得21=t ………13分由于AB =1，所以直线1DA 与平面1CED 所成的角是45o时，点E 在线段AB 中点处. …14分19. 已知数列{}n a ，其前n 项和为n S ，满足12a =，1n n n S na a λμ-=+，其中2n ≥，n ∈*N ，λ，μ∈R .（1）若0λ=，4μ=，12n n n b a a +=-（n ∈*N ），求数列{}n b 的前n 项和；（2）若23a =，且32λμ+=，求证：数列{}n a 是等差数列. 【解析】（1）14-=n n a S ，所以n n a S 41=+.两式相减得1144-+-=-n n n n a a S S .即1144-+-=n n n a a a………2分所以)2(2211-+-=-n n n n a a a a ，即12-=n n b b ，………3分又8412==a S ，所以6122=-=a S a ，得22121=-=a a b ………4分因此数列{}n b 为以2为首项，2为公比的等比数列.nn b 2=，前n 项和为221-+n …7分（2）当n = 2时，1222a a S μλ+=，所以μλ2623+=+. 又32λμ+=，可以解得12λ=，1μ= ………9分所以12-+=n n n a a n S ，n n n a a n S ++=++1121，两式相减得111221-++-+-+=n n n n n a a a n a n a 即112221-++-=-n n n a a n a n . 猜想1+=n a n ，下面用数学归纳法证明： ………10分① 当n = 1或2时，1121+==a ，1232+==a ，猜想成立；② 假设当k n ≤（2,*≥∈k N k ）时，1k a k =+ 成立则当1+=k n 时，2))1(22(12)22(1211+=++--=+--=-+k k k k k a a k k a k k k 猜想成立. 由①、②可知，对任意正整数n ，1+=n a n .………13分所以11=-+n n a a 为常数，所以数列{}n a 是等差数列.………14分另解：若23a =，由12212a a a a +=+λμ，得562=+λμ，又32+=λμ，解得112==，λμ． ………9分由12a =，23a =，12λ= ，1μ=，代入1n n n S na a λμ-=+得34a =，所以1a ，2a ，3a 成等差数列，由12n n n n S a a -=+，得1112n n n n S a a +++=+，两式相减得：111122n n n n n n na a a a a ++-+=-+-，即11(1)(2)20n n n n a n a a +-----=所以 21(1)20n n n na n a a ++---= ………11分相减得：2112(1)(2)220n n n n n na n a n a a a ++---+--+= 所以2111(2)2(2)0n n n n n n n a a a a a a +++--++-+=所以221111-222(2)(2)(2)(1)n n n n n n n n n a a a a a a a a a n n n +++---+=--+=-+- 1321(2)(2)(1)2n a a a n n --==-+-L L L ，因为12320a a a -+=，所以2120n n n a a a ++-+=，即数列{}n a 是等差数列.………14分20. 已知椭圆222:9x y m Ω+=(0)m >，直线l 不过原点O 且不平行于坐标轴，l 与Ω有两个交点A 、B ，线段AB 的中点为M .（1）若3m =，点K 在椭圆Ω上，1F 、2F 分别为椭圆的两个焦点，求12KF KF ⋅u u u r u u u u r的范围；（2）证明：直线OM 的斜率与l 的斜率的乘积为定值；（3）若l 过点(,)3mm ，射线OM 与Ω交于点P ，四边形OAPB 能否为平行四边形？若能，求此时l 的斜率；若不能，说明理由．【解析】（1）椭圆99:22=+Ωy x ，两个焦点)22,0(1F 、)22,0(2-F ，设),(y x K 所以8)22,()22,(2221-+=---⋅--=⋅y x y x y x KF KF由于9922=+y x ，所以2299x y -=，188)99(22221+-=--+=⋅x x x KF KF …3分由椭圆性质可知11≤≤-x ，所以]1,7[21-∈⋅KF KF……………5分（2）设直线b kx y l +=:（0,0≠≠k b ），),(11y x A ，),(22y x B ，),(00y x M ，所以21x x 、为方程222)(9m b kx x =++的两根，化简得02)9(2222=-+++m b kbx x k ，所以922210+-=+=k kb x x x ，99922200+=++-=+=k bb k b k b kx y . ……………8分 kx y k OM 900-==，所以直线OM 的斜率与l 的斜率的乘积等于9-为定值. …………10分（3）∵直线l 过点(,)3mm ，∴l 不过原点且与C 有两个交点的充要条件是0k >，3k ≠．设),(p p y x P 设直线m m x k y l +-=)3(:（0,0≠≠k m ），即m mkkx y +-=3.由（2）的结论可知x ky OM 9:-=，代入椭圆方程2229m y x =+得8192222+=k k m x p …12分由（2）的过程得中点)9)3(9,9)3((22+-+--k km m k k mk m M ， ……………14分若四边形OAPB 为平行四边形，那么M 也是OP 的中点，所以p x x =02，得819)93(4222222+=+-k k m k mk mk ，解得74±=k 所以当l的斜率为44OAPB 为平行四边形． ……………16分21. 记函数()f x 的定义域为D . 如果存在实数a 、b 使得()()f a x f a x b -++=对任意满足a x D -∈且a x D +∈的x 恒成立，则称()f x 为ψ函数.（1）设函数1()1f x x =-，试判断()f x 是否为ψ函数，并说明理由；（2）设函数1()2x g x t=+，其中常数0t ≠，证明：()g x 是ψ函数；（3）若()h x 是定义在R 上的ψ函数，且函数()h x 的图象关于直线x m =（m 为常数）对称，试判断()h x 是否为周期函数？并证明你的结论. 【解析】（1）1()1f x x=-是ψ函数 . ……1分理由如下：1()1f x x=-的定义域为{|0}x x ≠，只需证明存在实数a ，b 使得()()f a x f a x b -++=对任意x a ≠±恒成立.由()()f a x f a x b -++=，得112b a x a x +-=-+，即2()()a x a xb a x a x ++-+=-+. 所以22(2)()2b a x a +-=对任意x a ≠±恒成立. 即2,0.b a =-= 从而存在0,2a b ==-，使()()f a x f a x b -++=对任意x a ≠±恒成立. 所以1()1f x x=-是ψ函数. …………4分（2）记()g x 的定义域为D ，只需证明存在实数a ，b 使得当a x D -∈且a x D +∈时，()()g a x g a x b -++=恒成立，即1122a xa xb tt-++=++恒成立.所以22(2)(2)a x a x a x a x t t b t t +-+-+++=++， ……5分化简得，22(1)(22)(2)2a x a x a bt b t t +--+=+-.所以10bt -=,22(2)20a b t t +-=. 因为0t ≠，可得1b t=，2log ||a t =,即存在实数a ，b 满足条件，从而1()2x g x t=+是ψ函数. …………10分（3）函数)(x h 的图象关于直线x m =（m 为常数）对称，所以)()(x m h x m h +=- （1）， ……………12分又因为b x a h x a h =++-)()( （2），所以当a m ≠时，)]2([)22(a m x m h a m x h -++=-+ 由（1） )]([)2()]2([x a a h x a h a m x m h -+=-=-+-= 由（2） )()]([x h b x a a h b -=---= （3）所以)22(]22)22[()44(a m x h b a m a m x h a m x h -+-=-+-+=-+ （取a m x t 22-+=由（3）得）再利用（3）式，)()]([)44(x h x h b b a m x h =--=-+.所以()f x 为周期函数，其一个周期为a m 44-. ……………15分当a m =时，即)()(x a h x a h +=-，又)()(x a h b x a h +-=-，所以2)(bx a h =+为常数. 所以函数)(x h 为常数函数， 2)()1(bx h x h ==+，)(x h 是一个周期函数. ……………17分综上，函数)(x h 为周期函数 ……………18分（其他解法参考评分标准，酌情给分）。

2018年上海杨浦区高三二模试卷(附答案)

杨浦区2017学年度第二学期高三年级模拟质量调研语文学科试卷〔答案做在答题卡上〕〔满分150分钟，时间150分钟〕 2018年4月一、积累运用〔10分〕1、按要求填空。

〔5分〕〔1〕，长安不见使人愁。

〔李白《登金陵凤凰台》〕〔2〕，尽西风，季鹰归未。

〔辛弃疾《水龙吟·》〕〔3〕韩愈在《师说》中客观的指出弟子不一定不与老师，老师也不一定比弟子贤能，其原因在于“，〞。

[考点]默写，高中必背古诗文[解析]略[答案]1、总为浮云能蔽日 2、休说鲈鱼堪脍登建康赏心亭 3、闻道有先后术业有专攻2、按要求选择。

〔5分〕〔1〕同学们在毕业二十年后聚会，各自事业有成，班主任想要用一句古诗词来表达此刻的喜悦激动的心情，恰当的一句是〔〕。

A、芳林新叶催陈叶，流水前波让后波。

B、长风破浪会有时，直挂云帆济沧海。

C、江山代有才人出，各领风骚数百年。

D、宝剑锋从磨砺出，梅花香自苦寒来。

[考点]课外文学常识积累。

[解析]从语境来判断，班主任应该是想感慨学生很出色，比他自己都还优秀，是赞学生，所以选A.[答案]A〔2〕填入下面语段空白处的语句，最恰当的是〔〕？这在很多人看来是一个不可理喻，甚至有点蠢的问题，但却是我们必须弄明白的问题。

电影是人类历史上最伟大的发明之一，自然有其独特的魅力所在。

可是作为最古老的艺术形式之一的戏剧也不能被我们忘记，因为其生动的现场总是充满了震撼人心的力量，让我们站在生活之上俯瞰生活。

A、有了戏剧，为什么会出现电影这项发明B、有了电影，为什么人们还需要看戏剧电影和戏剧C、哪一种艺术形式最终会永远被人铭记D、电影和戏剧对于我们日常生活的意义究竟在哪里？[考点]语境判断[解析]由这“可是作为最古老的艺术形式之一的戏剧也不能被我们忘记〞，可判断，问的是，戏剧和电影的问题，选B比较合适。

[答案]B二、阅读〔70分〕（一）阅读下文，完成第3-7题。

〔15分〕①任何文字都是为了满足交际需要，适应口语发展而创造出来的。

上海市杨浦区2018届高三下-等级考调研(二模)化学试卷(含答案)

杨浦区 2017 学年度第二学期高中等级考模拟质量调研高三年级化学学科试卷相对原子质量：H — 1 C— 12 N— 14 O— 16 S— 32 I—127一、选择题（此题共40 分，每题 2 分，每题只有一个正确答案）1. 对铁及铁的化合物颜色描绘错误的选项是（）A. 复原铁粉——银白色B. Fe(OH) 3——红褐色C. Fe(SCN )3溶液——血红色D. FeSO 4溶液——浅绿色2. 常温下， Fe、 Al 在浓硫酸中钝化，浓硫酸表现了（）A. 难挥发性B. 吸水性C. 脱水性D. 强氧化性3.与“用自来水制取蒸馏水”的原理相像的是（）A. 石油裂化B. 石油分馏C. 煤干馏D. 纸层析4. 右图喷泉实验的现象与以下性质没关的是（）A. 氨易溶于水B. 氨能与水反响C. 氨水显碱性D. 氨易液化5. 常温下，表面能自然形成氧化层且使金属不被连续氧化的是（）A. AuB. NaC. AlD. Fe6. 以下有关乙炔的说法，错误的选项是（）A. 工业上制备炭黑的原料B. 含极性键的非极性分子C. 能发生氧化反响D. 分子中全部原子共直线7. 对碳原子核外两个未成对电子的描绘，正确的选项是（）A. 电子云形状不一样B. 自旋方向同样C. 能量不一样D. 在同一轨道8. 共价化合物不行能（）A. 硬度很大B. 常温下为气态C. 由一种原子直接构成D. 溶于水产生阴阳离子9. 属于人工固氮的是（）A. 4NH 3+ 5O2催化剂B. 2NO + O2 ? 2NO2 揪 D 井 4NO + 6H2OC. 2N 2+ 3H 垐催化剂垎2NH2 垐 3噲垐加热加压D.打雷闪电N2+ O2揪揪? 2NO10. 以下反响中的能量变化与图示一致的是（）A.盐酸和 NaOH 溶液混淆B.CH 4在空气中焚烧C.Al 与 Fe2O3反响D.电解水获得 H 2和 O211. 波及到 Al(OH) 3弱酸性的是（）A. Al 溶于强碱溶液B. Al 溶于强酸溶液C. AlCl 3溶液和氨水混淆D. Al(OH) 3受热分解12. 对 C2H6和 C5H12的剖析错误的选项是（）A. 互为同系物B. C 2 H6失掉 1 个 H 获得的乙基只有一种构造C. C5 H12的一氯代物可能只有一种D. 2,2- 二甲基丙烷的沸点高于其同分异构体的沸点13. 实验室制备乙酸丁酯的装置以下图，以下剖析错误的选项是（）A.导气管 a 起到冷凝回流的作用B.反响后生成的乙酸丁酯仍在试管中C.充足反响后在试管中获得纯净的乙酸丁酯D.制乙酸丁酯的反响温度超出100℃不可以用水浴加热14.侯氏制碱法，向母液中通入NH 3，其目的不是为了（）A. 增大NH4 + 浓度B. 生成 NaHCO 3C. 析出 NH 4Cl 晶体D. 降低HCO3- 浓度15. 有机物 M ：CH2 CHM 的剖析错误的选项是（）n可用作涂料。

上海市杨浦区2018届高三二模语文试卷及答案

杨浦区 2017 -2018学年度第二学期高三年级模拟质量调研语文学科试卷（满分 150 分，时间 150 分钟）2018 年 4 月一．积累应用（ 10 分）1.按要求填空。

（ 5 分）⑴ ，长安不见使人愁。

（李白《登金陵凤凰台》）⑵ ，尽西风，季鹰归未。

（辛弃疾《水龙吟· 》）⑶韩愈在《师说》中客观地指出弟子不一定不及老师，老师也不一定比弟子贤能，其原因在于“ ，”。

2.按要求选择。

（ 5 分）⑴同学们在毕业二十年之后聚会，各自事业有成，班主任想要用一句古诗词来表达此刻的喜悦激动心情，恰当的一句是（）（ 2 分）A.芳林新叶催陈叶，流水前波让后波。

B.长风破浪会有时，直挂云帆济沧海。

C.江山代有才人出，各领风骚数百年。

D.宝剑锋从磨砺出，梅花香自苦寒来。

⑵填入下面语段空白处的语句，最恰当的是（）（ 3 分）？这在很多人看来是一个不可理喻甚至有点蠢的问题，但却是我们必须弄明白的问题。

电影是人类历史上最伟大的发明之一，自然有其独特的魅力所在。

可是作为最古老的艺术形式之一的戏剧，也不能被我们忘记，因为其生动的现场总是充满了震撼人心的力量，让我们站在生活之上俯瞰生活。

A.有了戏剧，为什么会出现电影这项发明B.有了电影，为什么人们还需要看戏剧C.电影和戏剧，哪一种艺术形式最终会永远为人铭记D.电影和戏剧，对于我们日常生活的意义究竟在哪里二．阅读（ 70 分）（一）阅读下文，完成第 3—7 题。

（ 15 分）①任何文字都是为了满足交际需要,适应口语发展而创造出来的。

汉字也不例外，汉字是语言符号，是文化传播的媒介，这是汉字基本的功能。

但同时又是一种生命符号。

汉字最早叫文，顾炎武说：“ 春秋以上言文不言字。

” 汉字是一种具有鲜明感性特征的视觉符号。

在六书所述的前四种造字方法中，象形是它的基础。

②汉字由象形文字发展而来。

我们说汉字是一种生命符号，与这种象形特征有密切关系。

拼音文字是以人所创造的一批抽象代码的组合，去记录语言、传播文化，而以象形文字为基础的汉字则与之不同。

杨浦区2018学年度第二学期高三年级模拟质量调研及答案

杨浦区2018学年度第二学期高三年级模拟质量调研数学学科试卷 2019.4.考生注意： 1. 答卷前，考生务必在答题纸写上姓名、考号，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上.2. 本试卷共有21道题，满分150分，考试时间120分钟．一、填空题（本大题共有12题，满分54分，第1～6题每题4分，第7～12题每题5分）考生应在答题纸的相应位置直接填写结果. 1. 函数2()12sin f x x =-的最小正周期是▲________．2. 方程组310,2540x y x y -+=⎧⎨+-=⎩的增广矩阵为▲________．3. 若幂函数()kf x x =的图像过点（4，2），则(9)f =▲________．4. 若的二项展开式中项的系数是，则▲________．5. 若复数z 满足()234i a bi +=+（i 为虚数单位，,a b ∈R ），则22a b +=▲________．6. 函数()1log 3a y x =-++(0a >且1a ≠)的反函数为()1f x -，则()11f --=▲________. 7. 函数arcsin 211x x y =-的值域是▲________.8. 哥德巴赫猜想是“每个大于的2偶数可以表示为两个素数的和”，如835=+．在不超过13的素数中，随机选取两个不同的数，其和为偶数的概率是▲________（用分数表示）.9. 若定义域为(,0)(0,)-∞+∞U 的函数⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧<+>-=-0,2,0,21)(x m x x f x x是奇函数，则实数m的值为▲________.10. 古希腊数学家阿波罗尼斯在他的巨著《圆锥曲线论》中有一个著名的几何()13nx +2x 54n =问题：在平面上给定两点)0,(),0,(a B a A -，动点P 满足||||PA PB λ=（其中a 和λ是正常数，且1λ≠），则P 的轨迹是一个圆，这个圆称之为“阿波罗尼斯圆”. 该圆的半径为 ▲________．11. 若ABC ∆的内角C B A ,,，其中G 为ABC ∆的重心，且0GA GB ⋅=u u u r u u u r，则Ccos 的最小值为▲________．12. 定义域为集合{1,2,3,,12}L 上的函数)(x f 满足：① 1)1(=f ； ②|(1)()|1(1,2,,11)f x f x x +-==L ； ③)12(),6(),1(f f f 成等比数列. 这样的不同函数)(x f 的个数为▲________．二、选择题（本题共有4题，满分20分，每题5分）每题有且只有一个正确选项，考生应在答题纸的相应位置，将代表正确选项的小方格涂黑.13. 若x 、y 满足0,2,0,x y x y y -≥⎧⎪+≤⎨⎪≥⎩ 则目标函数2f x y =+的最大值为……………………( ))(A 1 )(B 2 )(C 3 )(D 414. 已知命题:α “双曲线的方程为()2220x y a a -=>”和命题β：“双曲线的两条渐近线夹角为2π”，则α是β的 ……………………（）)(A 充分非必要条件 )(B 必要非充分条件)(C 充要条件 )(D 既非充分也非必要条件 15. 对于正三角形T ，挖去以三边中点为顶点的小正三角形，得到一个新的图形，这样的过程称为一次“镂空操作”. 设T 是一个边长为1的正三角形，第一次“镂空操作”后得到图1，对剩下的3个小正三角形各进行一次“镂空操作”后得到图2，对剩下的小三角形重复进行上述操作. 设n A 是第n 次挖去的小三角形面积之和（如1A 是第1次挖去的中间小三角形面积，2A 是第2次挖去的三个小三角形面积之和），n S 是前n 次挖去的所有三角形的面积之和，则=∞→n n S lim ……………………（）)(A 43 )(B 33 )(C 23 )(D 2116. 已知ABC ∆的内角C B A ,,的对边分别为,,a b c , 且87cos =A . I 为ABC ∆内部的一点，且0a IA b IB c IC ++=u u r u u r u u r r ，若AI x AB y AC =+u u r u u u r u u u r，则y x +的最大值为………( ))(A 45 )(B 21 )(C 65 )(D 54三、解答题（本大题共有5题，满分76分）解答下列各题必须在答题纸的相应位置写出必要的步骤.17.（本题满分14分，第1小题满分6分，第2小题满分8分）已知函数()(1tan )sin 2f x x x =+⋅．（1）求()f x 的定义域；（2）求函数()()2F x f x =-在区间(0,π)内的零点．18.（本题满分14分，第1小题满分7分，第2小题满分7分）上海地铁四通八达，给市民出行带来便利. 已知某条线路运行时，地铁的发车时间间隔 t （单位：分钟）满足：220t ≤≤，t ∈N . 经测算，地铁载客量)(t p 与发车时间间隔t 满足：()212001010,210()1200,1020t t p t t ⎧--≤<⎪=⎨≤≤⎪⎩，，其中t ∈N .（1）请你说明()5p 的实际意义；（2）若该线路每分钟的净收益为6()3360360p t Q t-=-（元），问当发车时间间隔为多少时，该线路每分钟的净收益最大？并求最大净收益.19.（本题满分14分，第1小题满分6分，第2小题满分8分）我国古代数学名著《九章算术》中记载了有关特殊几何体的定义：阳马指底面为矩形，一侧棱垂直于底面的四棱锥；堑堵指底面是直角三角形，且侧棱垂直于底面的的三棱柱.（1）某堑堵的三视图，如图1，网格中的每个小正方形的边长为1，求该堑堵的体积；（2）在堑堵111C B A ABC -中，如图2，BC AC ⊥，若21==AB A A ，当阳马C C AA B 11-的体积最大时，求二面角11C B A C --的大小.图1 图220.（本题满分16分，第1小题满分4分，第2小题满分5分，第3小题满分7分）已知椭圆134:22=+Ωy x 的左右两焦点分别为12,F F .（1）若矩形ABCD 的边AB 在y 轴上，点D C ,均在Ω上，求该矩形绕y 轴旋转一周所得圆柱侧面积S 的取值范围；（2）设斜率为k 的直线l 与Ω交于Q P ,两点，线段PQ 的中点为)0)(,1(>m m M ，求证：21-<k ；（3）过Ω上一动点()00,E x y 作直线134:00=+yy x x l ，其中00y ≠，过E 作直线l的垂线交x 轴于点R . 问是否存在实数λ，使得1221EF RF EF RF λ⋅=⋅恒成立？若存在，求出λ的值；若不存在，说明理由.21.（本题满分18分，第1小题满分4分，第2小题满分5分，第3小题满分9分）已知数列}{n a 满足：21111,8n n a a a m +==+，其中R N ∈∈m n ,*.（1）若21,,a m a 成等差数列，求m 的值；（2）若0=m ，求数列}{n a 的通项n a ；（3）若对任意正整数n ，都有4<n a ，求m 的最大值.杨浦区2018学年度第二学期高三年级模拟质量调研数学学科试卷评分标准 2019.4.考生注意： 1. 答卷前，考生务必在答题纸写上姓名、考号，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上.2. 本试卷共有21道题，满分150分，考试时间120分钟．一、填空题（本大题共有12题，满分54分，第1～6题每题4分，第7～12题每题5分）考生应在答题纸的相应位置直接填写结果.1. π2.⎪⎪⎭⎫⎝⎛--452131 3. 3 4. 4 5. 5 6. 2- 7. ]22,221[ππ+-8. 32 9. 1- 10.|1|22λλ-a 11. 5412. 155 二、选择题（本题共有4题，满分20分，每题5分）每题有且只有一个正确选项，考生应在答题纸的相应位置，将代表正确选项的小方格涂黑.13.C 14.A 15.A 16.D三、解答题（本大题共有5题，满分76分）解答下列各题必须在答题纸的相应位置写出必要的步骤.17.（本题满分14分，第1小题满分6分，第2小题满分8分）解：（1）因为函数tan y x =的定义域为},2|{Z k k x x ∈+≠ππ ……2分所以函数()f x 的定义域为},2|{Z k k x x ∈+≠ππ ……6分（2）x x xxx f cos sin 2)cos sin 1()(⋅+= x x x 2sin 2cos sin 2+= x x 2cos 12sin -+= )42sin(21π-+=x ， ……10分令2)(=x f ，即22)42sin(=-πx 由),0(π∈x 得，)47,4(42πππ-∈-x ， ……12分故442ππ=-x 或π43，即4π=x 或2π（舍）. ……14分 18.（本题满分14分，第1小题满分7分，第2小题满分7分）解：（1）95025101200)5(=⨯-=p ， ……3分)5(p 的实际意义是：当地铁的发车时间隔为5分钟时，地铁载客量为950； ……7分（2）当102<≤t 时，840)36(603603360)10(6072002++-=----=tt t t Q ，1208401260=+⨯≤-等号成立当且仅当6=t ； ……10分当2010≤≤t 时，3603840360336012006-=--⨯=tt Q24360103840=≤- 等号成立当且仅当10=t ……13分故当发车时间间隔为6分钟时，该线路每分钟的净收益最大，最大净收益为120元. ……14分19.（本题满分14分，第1小题满分6分，第2小题满分8分）解：（1）由已知，该“堑堵”的底面是等腰直角三角形，且斜边长为2，相应的高为1 棱柱的侧棱长为2 ……4分故该堑堵的体积为221221=⨯⨯⨯； ……6分（2）12132221111AA BC AC V V V ABC A C AA B C C AA B ⨯⨯⨯===--- 3431)(31222==+≤AB BC AC等号成立的充要条件是2==BC AC ； ……8分以C 为原点，1,,CC CA CB 为坐标轴建系，则)2,2,0(),2,0,0(),0,0,2(11A C B ，则)2,2,0(),0,0,2(1==CA ，设面BC A 1的法向量为),,(1c b a n =，故⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧=+=,022,02c b a 令1=c ，得)1,2,0(1-=n ，同理可得，面11BC A 的法向量为)1,0,2(2=n ， ……12分故1n 与2n 的夹角θ满足：31cos =θ，由图可知，所求二面角为锐角，故所求为31arccos ……14分20.（本题满分16分，第1小题满分4分，第2小题满分5分，第3小题满分7分）解：（1）解法一：不妨假设C 在第一象限，令)20)(sin 3,cos 2(πααα<<C ，则)2sin(34sin 32cos 22απααπ=⋅⋅=S ，……2分由)0(2πα，∈，得]34,0(π∈S ； ……4分解法二：不妨假设()00,C x y 在第一象限，则2200143x y += ……1分有1≥ 所以00x y ≤3分004S x y π=≤ 得]34,0(π∈S ； ……4分（2）解法一：直线l 的方程为)1(-=-x k m y ，代入0124322=-+y x ，012)(4)(8)34(222=--+-++k m x k m k x k ，……6分0]3)(4[48]12)(4)[34(4)(64222222>+--=--+--=∆k m k k m k k m k ，即03)(422>+--k m k ， ……7分又M 为中点，故134)(42=+--k k m k ，得km 43-=，0<k ， ……8分代入03)(422>+--k m k 得，0)34)(12)(12(2>++-k k k ，而0)34)(12(2<+-k k ，故012<+k ，即21-<k ……9分解法二：设()()1122,,,P x y Q x y ，则，222211221,14343x y x y +=+=两式相减整理得1212121234y y x x x x y y -+=--+ 即121234x x k y y +=-+由题意得121,2x x +=12,2y y m += 于是34k m=- ……6分中点()1,M m 在椭圆内部，则221143m +< 解得302m <<（要说明理由，否则扣2分）故12k <-……9分（3）当00x =时， 1221EF RF EF RF ⋅=⋅，所以，存在实数满足条件，则1λ=； ……10分直线ER 的方程为0)(4)(30000=---y y xx x y ，则)0,4(x R ， ……12分故20202020*********2212)411()411()1()1(||||||||x x y x y x RF EF RF EF +-⨯+-++=⋅⋅=λ ……14分 1)4()4()4()4()4()4(433)1(433)1(2020202020202020220=+-⨯-+=+-⨯-+--++=x x x x x x x x x x 所以，1=λ。

上海市杨浦区2018届高三下-等级考调研(二模)英语试卷(含答案)

杨浦区第二学期高三模拟质量调研英语学科试卷考生注意：1.考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。

2.本次考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。

所有答題必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。

3.答題前，务必在答題纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码貼在指定位置上, 在答题纸反面清楚地填写姓名。

I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. On the playground. B. In a department store.C. In the school building.D. In a stadium.2. A. $518. B. $580.C. $614.D. $640.3. A. Mr. Johnson's ideas are nonsense.B. He quite agrees with Mr. Johnson's views.C. Mr. Johnson is good at expressing his ideas.D. He shares the woman's views on social welfare.4. A. New ways to charge phones.B. The spread of false information.C. Interesting videos on WeChat.D. How people enlarge their circle of friends.5. A. The weather report is far from the truth.B. The heat continues to the end of the week.C. He will hang out at the end of the week.D. He 's relieved to have gone through the hot days.6. A. See the Hollywood movie.B. Skip the beginning of the movie.C. Go to sleep early.D. Watch the movie advertisement.7. A. The woman has been chatting with her parents for a long time.B. There is something wrong with her parents' telephone.C. It's very likely that the phone is not properly hung up.D. Her parents are busy talking on the phone for 30 minutes.8. A. A big sports centre is opened to the public.B. A swimming pool has already been completed.C. More facilities will be finished ahead of time.D. It has the most impressive building for miles around.9. A. His words are not so reliable.B. He is well prepared for the test.C. He is well-informed and knows everything.D. He knows a lot about the school arrangement.10. A. They are raising money for their club.B. They will go on to call more people.C. They will finish working today.D. They're glad to contribute money.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. They can remind themselves to make full use of time.B. They can keep time when they are writing a novel.C. They should pay by the minute when they leave.D. They can get a clock as a gift for buying the coffee.12. A. Customers should wash their own dishes for there is no waitress.B. The relaxed atmosphere attracts like-minded people to socialize there.C. Customers can bring their own snacks because no food is served there.D. Wi-Fi is unavailable because face-to-face communication is encouraged there.13. A. It has proved to be popular in both Britain and Russia.B. The pilot shop in London is not as successful as expected.C. It’s not well-received in Britain because it costs more.D. It takes time to see whether British people like it or not.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Teach students how to avoid errors in writing.B. Correct test papers on Chinese language course.C. Help foreigners to learn Chinese characters.D. Correct mistakes in students’ speeches.15. A. It should be connected with a laser printer.B. Essays of different styles should be stored in itC. The paper text should be changed into digital text.D. Character recognition system should be installed in it.16. A. It cannot work as efficiently and accurately as a real teacher.B. It cannot appreciate the content and the beauty of language.C. It cannot use different symbols to mark different mistakes.D. Its Chinese linguistic data system is not big and complete.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. The post is really funny.B. They enjoy bullying (欺负) Bill.C. They all get along well with Bill.D. They often give likes to friend’s post.18. A. He pushed Bill down the stairs.B. He made fun of the man last year.C. He made negative comments on the post.D. He once hurt the man’s feeling seriously.19. A. Lead to quarrels and isolation.B. Seek revenge and behave violently.C. Improve endurance and interpersonal skills.D. Affect academic performance and emotional health.20. A. Delete his post as soon as possible.B. Apologize to Bill for his hurtful post.C. Convince Bill of his well-meant action.D. Stop posting anything about Bill for a while.II. Grammar and vocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.When it comes to innovative countries, we always think of places like the US, the UK and Germany. However, Israel is also a global leader (21) ______ innovation.According to the World Economic Forum's Global Competitiveness Report 2016-2017, Israel is the second (22) ______ (innovative) nation in the world, just after Switzerland.Many of us (23) ______ not be aware, but technologies developed in Israel have changed our lives. For example, antivirus software (24) ______ protects our computers was first developed in Israel in the 1970s, according to The Telegraph. In addition, features on our mobile phones such as voicemail and SMS were also developed in Israel.So it comes as no surprise that Israel plans to use its innovative strength (25) ______ (power) the cooperation with China in the Belt and Road Initiative.(26) ______ ______ ______ Israel is needed, it will spare no effort to contribute to the project, said Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu during his visit to China in March, according to Xinhua News Agency.Many Israeli environmental technology companies have already set up facilities in Shandong province, (27) ______ (bring) Israeli techniques to many areas such as recycling water for agricultural use, reported the Times of Israel.(28) ______ (found) on very dry land, Israel had been worried about water for a very long time. However, in recent years, the quality and quantity of water in Israel (29) ______ (improve), with the help of techniques that turn Mediterranean seawater and wastewater into usable water.In fact, such innovations have led to more and more Chinese students (30) ______ (seek) quality higher education in Israle. “When Chinese students who study here go back home, they will be in positions to influence China-Israel relationships in the future,” Emma Afterman, manager of Israel-China Academic Relations at the Council for Higher Education, told the Jerusalem Post. Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. EachParents have been concerned about their kids' use of technology since the dawnof technology – or at least since the invention of the transistor radio in the 1950s. Today, technology is everywhere, and kids are growing up __31__ to their smartphones, tablets and laptops in ways that '50s moms and dads could never have dreamed of. Parental concern has grown along with this tech __32__. But now, even those in the industry are wondering if technology has taken a truly __33__ hold on all of us – and especially children.No less than Melinda Gates, wife of Microsoft founder Bill Gates, wrote an editorial in the Washington Post last summer expressing regret for the Pandora's Box she and her husband helped open. "I spent my career in technology.I wasn't prepared for its effect on my kids," she wrote. "Phones and apps aren't good or bad by themselves, but for adolescents who don't yet have the emotional tools to deal with life's complication and __34__, they can add to the difficulties of growing up."A study, which came out this year, looked at yearly surveys of 8th, 10th and 12th graders in the U.S. between 1991-2016, and __35__ markers of psychological well-being, such as self-esteem, life satisfaction and happiness.It found that such well-being suddenly decreased after 2012 –just at the time that the use of smartphone and social media __36__. There was a direct correlation between the amount of time spent on electronics and unhappiness. Happiness was highest among kids who participated in sports, followed by in-person socializing and __37__ services. The lowest? Online computer games – the abuse of which has recently been __38__ a recognized mental health disorder by the World Health Organization – and social media.Early this year, big players formerly of tech companies such as Google and Facebook created the Center for Humane Technology and, in partnership with the nonprofit organization Common Sense Media, __39__ a full media and advertising attack on the very industry they had a hand in building. Their initiative, the Truth about Tech, is pouring millions of dollars into a(n) __40__ to warn parents, teachers and students that the technology they use is in fact engineered to addict them.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.If you could be anybody in the world, who would it be? This is usually just a theoretical question. The idea of suddenly taking the form of your neighbor, a celebrity or even your dog is fun to think about, but seemingly impossible to ___41___.Yet a few people have experienced what it might be like to step into the skin of another person, thanks to an unusual virtual reality device. “The first seconds are just overwhelming,” says Rikke Frances Wahl, a woman who ___42___ became a man. “It feels mysterious. You start to feel more and more comfortable in it, and you start to really get the ___43___ of how it would be if it were y our body.”Wahl, an actress, model and artist, was one of the participants in a body swapping(替换) experiment at the Be Another lab, a project developed by a group of artists based in Barcelona. She ___44___ her new body using a machine called The Machine to be Another. The set-up is relatively simple. Both users put on a virtual reality headset with a camera installed to the top of it. The video from each camera is piped to the other person, so what you see is the exact view of your___45___. If she moves her arm, you see it. If you move your arm, she sees it. To get used to seeing another person’s body without actually having control of it, participants start by moving their arms and legs very slowly, so that the other can follow along. ___46___, this kind of slow, synchronized (同步) movement becomes comfortable, and participants really start to feel as though they were living in another person’s body. “It wasso natural,” Wahl says, laughing, “and at the same time it was so unnatural.”Interestingly, usin g such technology ___47___to alter people’s behaviour afterwards – potentially for the better. Studies have shown that virtual reality can be ___48___ in fighting implicit racism (隐性种族歧视). Researchers at the University of Barcelona gave people a questionnaire called the Implicit Association Test, which measures the strength of people’s associations.Another study showed that using the so-called “rubber hand illusion(错觉)” can have the same __49__. When that rubber hand is a colour unlike their skin, participants ___50___lower on tests for implicit racism than when they watched a hand of the same skin colour.The idea is that once you’ve “put yourself in another’s shoes” you’re less likely to think ___51___ of them, because your brain has ___52___ the feeling of being that person.Wahl says that she’d jump at the chance to swap bodies with someone again. “I would really, really ___53___ it to everyone, everyone should try this thing,” she says. “We all have different feelings and points of views about th ings,” says Pointeau, “and it’s really strongly related to our ___54___ experience. With this kind of experience we can ___55___empathy – the action of understanding, but also maybe help people better understand themselves too.”41. A. execute B. excuse C. explore D. exhibit42. A. contemporarily B. permanently C. temporarily D. secretly43. A. passion B. fantasy C. familiarity D. energy44. A. inherited B. altered C. endured D. acquired45. A. reflection B. partner C. colleague D. image46. A. Consciously B. Constantly C. Eventually D. Equivalently47. A. requires B. prefers C. promises D. volunteers48. A. progressive B. informative C. realistic D. effective49. A. impact B. instruction C. initiative D. intention50. A. analyzed B. scored C. predicted D. valued51. A. highly B. ill C. straight D. fairly52. A. expressed B. mixed C. internalized D. deleted53. A. connect B. advertise C. register D. recommend54. A. bodily B. sensitive C. mental D.initial55. A. endure B. promote C. honor D. identifySection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)A British hospital director told me he was hunting for staff to replace the foreign doctors and nurses leaving because of Brexit(脱欧). He hadn’t found many qualified Britons queuing to replace them.In an age when the “war for talent” is a global business trend, the UK is fighting a war against talent. But if I were a Brexiter, I’d say: Brexit should be the prompt for Britain to finally start training enough of its own talent. If UK wants to avoid economic decline, it will need to train far more of its own nurses, construction workers, architects, etc. For a country whose policy has always been not to educate the working class, that would be a reversal of history.Before Brexit, high-skilled immigrants staffed world-class British sectors such as the City of London and the creative economy. In healthcare, the UK developed a brilliant way: let a poor country li ke Romania fund a nurse’s education, then underpay her to look after sick Brits. Low-skilled immigrants eager to work all hours for little money gave the UK cafes and corner shops that seldom closed. Low-skilled Britons could have done these jobs, but mostly didn’t.The coming wave of British talent is largely immigrant too: the kids who have made London’s state schools the UK’s best, plus the offspring of Russian, Chinese and other foreign elites（精英） who fill private schools. Many of these would love to stay and make the UK richer.But Brexiters want to cut immigration. The obvious solution: equip working-class Brits to do jobs from nursing to banking. Jonathan Portes, economics professor at King’s College London said: “The problem of UK vocational educat ion has been known for at least a century. We’ve always neglected it.” In fact, in August the UK removed the state bursary（助学金）for people training to be nurses, midwives and speech therapists. Students now have to fund courses themselves, then earn a low salary for a lifetime.If Britain doesn’t upskill its workers fast, it will lose skilled jobs. It will continue to have the world’s best universities per capita only if it can find enough Britons to replace foreign academics who leave the UK. Much the same applies to finance or design. Meanwhile, low-skilled foreign fruit pickers have already melted away since the pound plunged. With few Britonsqueuing to replace them, much of this year’s produce rotted in the fields.So the likely post-Brexit outcome is a UK that cannot keep itself in the style to which it has become accustomed. The war against talent will probably leave Britain looking a bit more like today’s English seaside towns, or most of the country in the 1970s: culturally homogeneous（同种类的）, relatively poor and under-serviced.56. The UK is fighting a war against talent because ______.A. skilled immigrants leave the country after BrexitB. it doesn’t have enough fund to train its own citizensC. too many qualified Britons are queuing for creative jobsD. it is trying a different approach to attracting talent57. Which is FALSE about the situation in the UK before Brexit?A. Hospitals employed many immigrant nurses.B. Much attention was paid to the nurse training.C. Many Brits were unwilling to do low-paid jobs.D. Immigrant elites could find creative and decent jobs.58. What can we learn from the passage?A. Most well-educated immigrants had no plan to stay in the UK.B. The government now gives nurses-to-be some financial support.C. A lot of fruits rotted in the fields for the lack of skilled fruit pickers.D. The outflow of talent only existed in the field of education and healthcare.59. According to the writer, the post-Brexit Britain is likely to ______.A. be as rich and powerful as it used to beB. be as convenient as it was before BrexitC. be different in style but the same in essenceD. go backward in economy and social service£899.00A. popularityB. salesC. priceD. size61. If you want to share what you shoot on WeChat within the shortest time,______ is recommended.A. DJI Mavic Pro 4K Foldable Camera DroneB. DJI Spark Alpine WhiteC. DJI Phantom 4 4K Camera DroneD. ProFlight Maverick Folding Camera Drone62. Among the four types, ProFlight Maverick Folding Camera Drone has aunique feature that ______.A. its maximum speed is the highestB. users can pilot it just by moving fingersC. it can be controlled by a smartphoneD. it takes up the least space when folded(C)It’s almost spring, the time of year when the change in seasons could lead to some pretty fascinating cloud activity in the sky. NASA and the GLOBE Program are inviting you to take part in a citizen science cloud observation challenge. The GLOBE Program is an international science and education program that provides students and the public with the opportunity to participate in data collection and the scientific process.From March 15 through April 15, citizen scientists of all ages can make up to 10 cloud observations per day using the GLOBE Observer app or one of the other data entry options (for trained GLOBE members). Challenge participants with the most observations will be congratulated by a NASA scientist in a video posted on the GLOBE Pro gram’s website and on social media.“The GLOBE Program is offering this challenge to show people how important it is to NASA to have citizen scientist observations: observations from the ground up,” said Marilé Colón Robles, lead for the GLOBE Clouds team at NASA’s Langley Research Center in Hampton, Virginia. “We’re going from winter to spring, so the types of storms will change, which will also change the types of clouds.”Researchers use, and value, this citizen science cloud data because it helps to validate data from Earth-observing instruments. Scientists at Langley work with a set of six instruments known as the Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES).Even though CERES’ instruments use advanced technology, it is not always easy for researchers to positively identify all types of clouds in their images. For example, it can be difficult to differ thin, wispy cirrus clouds (细小的卷云) from snow since both are cold and bright; even more so when cirrus clouds are above a surface with patchy snow （片状雪）or snow cover. One solution to this problem is to look at satellite images from a particular area and compare them to data submitted by citizen scientists on the ground.“Looking at what an observer recorded as clouds and looking at their surfaceobservations really helps us better understand the images that were matched from the satellite,” said Colón Robles.You don’t have to be a cl oud-gazing professional to participate. For those who want to be part of the challenge but don’t have a lot of experience identifying clouds, Colón Robles offers the following advice: “Just go outside.” The more clouds you observe, she said, the more comfortable you’ll be collecting data.63. Why do researchers launch the cloud observation challenge?A. The GLOBE Program is badly short of hands.B. The technology CERES uses is not that advanced.C. Scientists can compare data from different instruments.D. Cirrus clouds are difficult to identify when with snow cover.64. The underlined word “validate” is closest in meaningto ______.A.createB. cancelC. countD. confirm65. Which of the following is TRUE?A. Citizen observers can only submit their data by means of an app.B. Observers submitting the most observations can get a special prize.C. Observations from the ground are not as valuable as satellite images.D. The data collected by citizen scientists will be posted on social media.66. Which is the best title for the passage?A. NASA Employs New members.B. Cloud Activities Bring a New Challenge.C. Citizens Gain Experience through Observation.D. Professionals Teach You to Observe Clouds.Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A new report by the World Bank shows that the effects of climate change could force 140 million people to move within their countries by 2050.The report looked at three developing regions of the world—sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia and Latin America. __________67__________ Climate migrants are people who are forced to move within their country because of water scarcity, crop failure, rising sea levels and storm surges due to climate change.__________68__________ It is important to help people make good decisions about whether to stay where they are or move to new locations where they are less vulnerable.The report noted that the effects of climate change will often force people to move from rural areas suffering from droughts or crop failures to cities where there are different opportunities. __________69__________“Without the right planning and support, people migrating from rural areas int o cities could be facing new and even more dangerous risks,” said Kanta Kumari Rigaud, the report’s team lead. “__________70__________” Rigaud added.The report recommends key actions to help prevent wide-scale climate migration: cutting global greenhouse gas emissions; improving development planning at the local level for climate migration; and investing in data to better understand climate migration trends in each country. The report notes that any rise in climate migration will be in addition to millions of other migrants within countries, moving for economic, social, political or other reasons.IV. Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.It is universally true that all parents in the world love their children. However, as parents’ views of life vary, they show their love in different ways.The monarch type of parents are intolerant and self-centered. They lay down regulations in the family for their children to observe. Furthermore, they insist that their children should act upon them without question. With a firm belief in their own philosophy of life, they have little respect for others’ opinions, least of all, their children’s. The sentence they say most frequently to their children is, “ you should do this.”Contrary to the monarch-type parents, the servant-type parents revolve around their children all the time. They are soft, good-natured, and easy-going.They never deny their children any wish, and cheerfully run to buy anything their children ask for. They are happy so long as their children are content. With the sincere belief that love means sacrifice, they are ready to give up anything for their childr en’s sake. With their children at the center of their lives, they always ask, “What else can we do for you?”The friend-type parents, as the term implies, treat their children as friends. They are generous and wise. Like good friends, they discuss with their children the latest news, share their children’s interests, and listen attentively to their children’s expression of emotion, whether it is anger, fear, joy or sorrow. They have a close relationship with their children while sticking to their principled stand. They discuss problems with their children rather than provide ready solution. They respect their children as their equals. They often say: “Let’s put out heads together and see what we can do.”There is no doubt that children welcome the third type of parents, for a free, friendly, and sympathetic atmosphere at home is most favorable to the development of youngsters both in body and in mind. All parents should re-examine and change some of their ways of showing their love if they want their children to grow up happily and healthily.V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 据报道数以百计的消防员正在参加营救行动。

上海市杨浦区2018届高三下-等级考调研(二模)英语试卷(含答案)

杨浦区第二学期高三模拟质量调研英语学科试卷考生注意：1.考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。

2.本次考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。

所有答題必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。

3.答題前，务必在答題纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码貼在指定位置上, 在答题纸反面清楚地填写姓名。

I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. On the playground. B. In a department store.C. In the school building.D. In a stadium.2. A. $518. B. $580.C. $614.D. $640.3. A. Mr. Johnson's ideas are nonsense.B. He quite agrees with Mr. Johnson's views.C. Mr. Johnson is good at expressing his ideas.D. He shares the woman's views on social welfare.4. A. New ways to charge phones.B. The spread of false information.C. Interesting videos on WeChat.D. How people enlarge their circle of friends.5. A. The weather report is far from the truth.B. The heat continues to the end of the week.C. He will hang out at the end of the week.D. He 's relieved to have gone through the hot days.6. A. See the Hollywood movie.B. Skip the beginning of the movie.C. Go to sleep early.D. Watch the movie advertisement.7. A. The woman has been chatting with her parents for a long time.B. There is something wrong with her parents' telephone.C. It's very likely that the phone is not properly hung up.D. Her parents are busy talking on the phone for 30 minutes.8. A. A big sports centre is opened to the public.B. A swimming pool has already been completed.C. More facilities will be finished ahead of time.D. It has the most impressive building for miles around.9. A. His words are not so reliable.B. He is well prepared for the test.C. He is well-informed and knows everything.D. He knows a lot about the school arrangement.10. A. They are raising money for their club.B. They will go on to call more people.C. They will finish working today.D. They're glad to contribute money.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. They can remind themselves to make full use of time.B. They can keep time when they are writing a novel.C. They should pay by the minute when they leave.D. They can get a clock as a gift for buying the coffee.12. A. Customers should wash their own dishes for there is no waitress.B. The relaxed atmosphere attracts like-minded people to socialize there.C. Customers can bring their own snacks because no food is served there.D. Wi-Fi is unavailable because face-to-face communication isencouraged there.13. A. It has proved to be popular in both Britain and Russia.B. The pilot shop in London is not as successful as expected.C. It’s not well-received in Britain because it costs more.D. It takes time to see whether British people like it or not.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Teach students how to avoid errors in writing.B. Correct test papers on Chinese language course.C. Help foreigners to learn Chinese characters.D. Correct mistakes in students’ speeches.15. A. It should be connected with a laser printer.B. Essays of different styles should be stored in itC. The paper text should be changed into digital text.D. Character recognition system should be installed in it.16. A. It cannot work as efficiently and accurately as a real teacher.B. It cannot appreciate the content and the beauty of language.C. It cannot use different symbols to mark different mistakes.D. Its Chinese linguistic data system is not big and complete.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. The post is really funny.B. They enjoy bullying (欺负) Bill.C. They all get along well with Bill.D. They often give likes to friend’s post.18. A. He pushed Bill down the stairs.B. He made fun of the man last year.C. He made negative comments on the post.D. He once hurt the man’s feeling seriously.19. A. Lead to quarrels and isolation.B. Seek revenge and behave violently.C. Improve endurance and interpersonal skills.D. Affect academic performance and emotional health.20. A. Delete his post as soon as possible.B. Apologize to Bill for his hurtful post.C. Convince Bill of his well-meant action.D. Stop posting anything about Bill for a while.II. Grammar and vocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.When it comes to innovative countries, we always think of places like the US, the UK and Germany. However, Israel is also a global leader (21) ______ innovation.According to the World Economic Forum's Global Competitiveness Report 2016-2017, Israel is the second (22) ______ (innovative) nation in the world, just after Switzerland.Many of us (23) ______ not be aware, but technologies developed in Israel have changed our lives. For example, antivirus software (24) ______ protects our computers was first developed in Israel in the 1970s, according to The Telegraph. In addition, features on our mobile phones such as voicemail and SMS were also developed in Israel.So it comes as no surprise that Israel plans to use its innovative strength (25) ______ (power) the cooperation with China in the Belt and Road Initiative. (26) ______ ______ ______ Israel is needed, it will spare no effort to contribute to the project, said Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu during his visit to China in March, according to Xinhua News Agency.Many Israeli environmental technology companies have already set up facilities in Shandong province, (27) ______ (bring) Israeli techniques to many areas such as recycling water for agricultural use, reported the Times of Israel.(28) ______ (found) on very dry land, Israel had been worried about water for a very long time. However, in recent years, the quality and quantity of water in Israel (29) ______ (improve), with the help of techniques that turn Mediterranean seawater and wastewater into usable water.In fact, such innovations have led to more and more Chinese students (30) ______ (seek) quality higher education in Israle. “When Chinese students who study here go back home, they willbe in positions to influence China-Israel relationships in the future,” Emma Afterman, manager of Israel-China Academic Relations at the Council for Higher Education, told the Jerusalem Post.Section BDirections:Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one wordParents have been concerned about their kids' use of technology since the dawnof technology – or at least since the invention of the transistor radio in the 1950s. Today, technology is everywhere, and kids are growing up __31__ to their smartphones, tablets and laptops in ways that '50s moms and dads could never have dreamed of. Parental concern has grown along with this tech __32__. But now, even those in the industry are wondering if technology has taken a truly __33__ hold on all of us – and especially children.No less than Melinda Gates, wife of Microsoft founder Bill Gates, wrote an editorial in the Washington Post last summer expressing regret for the Pandora's Box she and her husband helped open. "I spent my career in technology. I wasn't prepared for its effect on my kids," she wrote. "Phones and apps aren't good or bad by themselves, but for adolescents who don't yet have the emotional tools to deal with life's complication and __34__, they can add to the difficulties of growing up."A study, which came out this year, looked at yearly surveys of 8th, 10th and 12th graders in the U.S. between 1991-2016, and __35__ markers of psychological well-being, such as self-esteem, life satisfaction and happiness. It found that such well-being suddenly decreased after 2012 – just at the time that the use of smartphone and social media __36__. There was a direct correlation between the amount of time spent on electronics and unhappiness. Happiness was highest among kids who participatedin sports, followed by in-person socializing and __37__ services. The lowest? Online computer games –the abuse of which has recently been __38__ a recognized mental health disorder by the World Health Organization – and social media.Early this year, big players formerly of tech companies such as Google and Facebook created the Center for Humane Technology and, in partnership with the nonprofit organization Common Sense Media, __39__ a full media and advertising attack on the very industry they had a hand in building. Their initiative, the Truth about Tech, is pouring millions of dollars into a(n) __40__ to warn parents, teachers and students that the technology they use is in fact engineered to addict them.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.If you could be anybody in the world, who would it be? This is usually just a theoretical question. The idea of suddenly taking the form of your neighbor, a celebrity or even your dog is fun to think about, but seemingly impossible to ___41___.Yet a few people have experienced what it might be like to step into the skin of another person, thanks to an unusual virtual reality device. “The first seconds are just overwhelming,” says Rikke Frances Wahl, a woman who ___42___ became a man. “It feels mysterious. You start to feel more and more comfortable in it, and you start to really get the ___43___ of how it would be if it were your body.”Wahl, an actress, model and artist, was one of the participants in a body swapping(替换) experiment at the Be Another lab, a project developed by a group of artists based in Barcelona. She ___44___ her new body using a machine called The Machine to be Another. The set-up is relatively simple. Both users put on a virtual reality headset with a camera installed to the top of it. The video from each camera is piped to the other person, so what you see is the exact view of your___45___. If she moves her arm, you see it. If you move your arm, she sees it. To get used to seeing another person’s body without actually having controlof it, participants start by moving their arms and legs very slowly, so that the other can follow along. ___46___, this kind of slow, synchronized (同步) movement becomes comfortable, and participants really start to feel as though they were living in another person’s body. “It was so natural,” Wahl says, laughing, “and at the same time it was so unnatural.”Interestingly, using such technology ___47___to alter people’s behaviour afterwards – potentially for the better. Studies have shown that virtual reality can be ___48___ in fighting implicit racism (隐性种族歧视). Researchers at the University of Barcelona gave people a questionnaire called the Implicit Association Test, which measures the strength of people’s associations.Another study showed that using the so-called “rubber hand illusion(错觉)” can have the same __49__. When that rubber hand is a colour unlike their skin, participants ___50___lower on tests for implicit racism than when they watched a hand of the same skin colour.The idea is that once you’ve “put yourself in another’s shoes” you’re less likely to think ___51___ of them, because your brain has ___52___ the feeling of being that person.Wahl says that she’d jump at the chance to swap bodies with someone again. “I would really, really ___53___ it to everyone, everyone should try this thing,” she says. “We all have different feelings and points of views about things,” says Pointeau, “and it’s really strongly related to our ___54___ experience. With this kind of experience we can ___55___empathy –the action of understanding, but also maybe help people better understand themselves too.”41. A. execute B. excuse C. explore D. exhibit42. A. contemporarily B. permanently C. temporarilyD. secretly43. A. passion B. fantasy C. familiarity D. energy44. A. inherited B. altered C. endured D. acquired45. A. reflection B. partner C. colleagueD. image46. A. Consciously B. Constantly C. EventuallyD. Equivalently47. A. requires B. prefers C. promises D. volunteers48. A. progressive B. informative C. realisticD. effective49. A. impact B. instruction C. initiativeD. intention50. A. analyzed B. scored C. predictedD. valued51. A. highly B. ill C. straight D. fairly52. A. expressed B. mixed C. internalizedD. deleted53. A. connect B. advertise C. registerD. recommend54. A. bodily B. sensitive C. mentalD. initial55. A. endure B. promote C. honor D. identifySection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)A British hospital director told me he was hunting for staff to replace the foreign doctors and nurses leaving because of Brexit(脱欧). He hadn’t found many qualified Britons queuing to replace them.In an age when the “war for talent” is a global business trend, the UK is fighting a war against talent. But if I were a Brexiter, I’d say: Brexit should be the prompt for Britain to finally start training enough of its own talent. If UK wants to avoid economic decline, it will need to train far more of its own nurses, construction workers, architects, etc. For a country whose policy has always been not to educate the working class, that would bea reversal of history.Before Brexit, high-skilled immigrants staffed world-class British sectors such as the City of London and the creative economy. In healthcare, the UK developed a brilliant way: let a poor country like Romania fund a nurse’s education, then underpay her to look after sick Brits. Low-skilled immigrants eager to work all hours for little money gave the UK cafes and corner shops that seldom closed. Low-skilled Britons could have done these jobs, but mostly didn’t.The coming wave of British talent is largely immigrant too: the kids who have made London’s state schools the UK’s best, plus the offspring of Russian, Chinese and other foreign elites （精英） who fill private schools. Many of these would love to stay and make the UK richer.But Brexiters want to cut immigration. The obvious solution: equip working-class Brits to do jobs from nursing to banking. Jonathan Portes, economics professor at King’s College London said: “The problem of UK vocational education has bee n known for at least a century. We’ve always neglected it.” In fact, in August the UK removed the state bursary（助学金） for people training to be nurses, midwives and speech therapists. Students now have to fund courses themselves, then earn a low salary for a lifetime.If Britain doesn’t upskill its workers fast, it will lose skilled jobs. It will continue to have the world’s best universities per capita only if it can find enough Britons to replace foreign academics who leave the UK. Much the same applies to finance or design. Meanwhile, low-skilled foreign fruit pickers have already melted away since the pound plunged. With few Britons queuing to replace them, much of this year’s produce rotted in the fields.So the likely post-Brexit outcome is a UK that cannot keep itself in the style to which it has become accustomed. The war against talent will probably leave Britain looking a bit more like today’s English seaside towns, or most of the country in the 1970s: culturally homogeneous（同种类的）, relatively poor and under-serviced.56. The UK is fighting a war against talent because ______.A. skilled immigrants leave the country after BrexitB. it doesn’t have enough fund to train its own citizensC. too many qualified Britons are queuing for creative jobsD. it is trying a different approach to attracting talent57. Which is FALSE about the situation in the UK before Brexit?A. Hospitals employed many immigrant nurses.B. Much attention was paid to the nurse training.C. Many Brits were unwilling to do low-paid jobs.D. Immigrant elites could find creative and decent jobs.58. What can we learn from the passage?A. Most well-educated immigrants had no plan to stay in the UK.B. The government now gives nurses-to-be some financial support.C. A lot of fruits rotted in the fields for the lack of skilled fruit pickers.D. The outflow of talent only existed in the field of education and healthcare.59. According to the writer, the post-Brexit Britain is likely to ______.A. be as rich and powerful as it used to beB. be as convenient as it was before BrexitC. be different in style but the same in essenceD. go backward in economy and social service£899.00A. popularityB. salesC. priceD. size61. If you want to share what you shoot on WeChat within theshortest time, ______ is recommended.A. DJI Mavic Pro 4K Foldable Camera DroneB. DJI Spark Alpine WhiteC. DJI Phantom 4 4K Camera DroneD. ProFlight Maverick Folding Camera Drone62. Among the four types, ProFlight Maverick Folding Camera Dronehas a unique feature that ______.A. its maximum speed is the highestB. users can pilot it just by moving fingersC. it can be controlled by a smartphoneD. it takes up the least space when folded(C)It’s almost spring, the time of year when the change in seasons could lead to some pretty fascinating cloud activity in the sky. NASA and the GLOBE Program are inviting you to take part in a citizen science cloud observation challenge. The GLOBE Program is an international science and education program that provides students and the public with the opportunity to participate in data collection and the scientific process.From March 15 through April 15, citizen scientists of all ages can make up to 10 cloud observations per day using the GLOBE Observer app or one of the other data entry options (for trained GLOBE members). Challenge participants with the most observations will be congratulated by a NASA scientist in a video posted on the GLOBE Pro gram’s website and on social media.“The GLOBE Program is offering this challenge to show people how important it is to NASA to have citizen scientist observations: observations from the ground up,” said Marilé Colón Robles, lead for the GLOBE Clouds team at NASA’s Langley Research Center i n Hampton, Virginia. “We’re going from winter to spring, so the types of storms will change, which will also change the types of clouds.”Researchers use, and value, this citizen science cloud data because it helps to validate data from Earth-observing instruments. Scientists at Langley work with a set of sixinstruments known as the Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES).Even though CERES’ instruments use advanced technology, it is not always easy for researchers to positively identify all types of clouds in their images. For example, it can be difficult to differ thin, wispy cirrus clouds (细小的卷云) from snow since both are cold and bright; even more so when cirrus clouds are above a surface with patchy snow （片状雪）or snow cover. One solution to this problem is to look at satellite images from a particular area and compare them to data submitted by citizen scientists on the ground.“Looking at what an observer recorded as clouds and looking at their surface observations really helps us better understand the images that were matched from the satellite,” said Colón Robles.You don’t have to be a cloud-gazing professional to participate. For those who want to be part of the challenge but don’t have a lot of experience identifying clouds, Colón R obles offers the following advice: “Just go outside.” The more clouds you observe, she said, the more comfortable you’ll be collecting data.63. Why do researchers launch the cloud observation challenge?A. The GLOBE Program is badly short of hands.B. The technology CERES uses is not that advanced.C. Scientists can compare data from different instruments.D. Cirrus clouds are difficult to identify when with snow cover.64. The underlined word “validate” is closest in meaningto ______.A.createB. cancelC. countD. confirm65. Which of the following is TRUE?A. Citizen observers can only submit their data by means of an app.B. Observers submitting the most observations can get a special prize.C. Observations from the ground are not as valuable as satellite images.D. The data collected by citizen scientists will be posted onsocial media.66. Which is the best title for the passage?A. NASA Employs New members.B. Cloud Activities Bring a New Challenge.C. Citizens Gain Experience through Observation.D. Professionals Teach You to Observe Clouds.Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A new report by the World Bank shows that the effects of climate change could force 140 million people to move within their countries by 2050.The report looked at three developing regions of the world—sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia and Latin America. __________67__________Climate migrants are people who are forced to move within their country because of water scarcity, crop failure, rising sea levels and storm surges due to climate change.__________68__________ It is important to help people makegood decisions about whether to stay where they are or move to new locations where they are less vulnerable.The report noted that the effects of climate change will often force people to move from rural areas suffering from droughts or crop failures to cities where there are different opportunities. __________69__________ “Without the right planning and support, people migrating from rural areas into cities could be facing new and even more dangerous risks,” said Kanta Kumari Rigaud, the report’s team lead. “__________70__________” Rigaud added.The report recommends key actions to help prevent wide-scale climate migration: cutting global greenhouse gas emissions; improving development planning at the local level for climate migration; and investing in data to better understand climate migration trends in each country. The report notes that any rise in climate migration will be in addition to millions of other migrants within countries, moving for economic, social, political or other reasons.IV. Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.It is universally true that all parents in the world love their children. However, as parents’ views of life vary, they show their love in different ways.The monarch type of parents are intolerant and self-centered. They lay down regulations in the family for their children to observe. Furthermore, they insist that their children should act upon them without question. With a firm belief in their own philosophy of life, they have little respect for others’ opinions, least of all, their children’s. The sentence they say most frequently to their children is, “ you should do this.”Contrary to the monarch-type parents, the servant-type parents revolve around their children all the time. They are soft, good-natured, and easy-going. They never deny their children any wish, and cheerfully run to buy anything their children ask for. They are happy so long as their children are content. With the sincere belief that love means sacrifice, they are ready to giveup anything for their children’s sake. With their children at the center of their lives, they always ask, “What else can we do for you?”The friend-type parents, as the term implies, treat their children as friends. They are generous and wise. Like good friends, they discuss with their children the latest news, share their children’s interests, and listen attentively to their children’s expression of emotion, whether it is anger, fear, joy or sorrow. They have a close relationship with their children while sticking to their principled stand. They discuss problems with their children rather than provide ready solution. They respect their children as their equals. They often say: “Let’s put out heads together and see what we can do.”There is no doubt that children welcome the third type of parents, for a free, friendly, and sympathetic atmosphere at home is most favorable to the development of youngsters both in body and in mind. All parents should re-examine and change some of their ways of showing their love if they want their children to grow up happily and healthily.V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 据报道数以百计的消防员正在参加营救行动。

2018届杨浦区高考数学二模有答案.docx

杨浦区2017学年度第二学期高三年级模拟质量调研数学学科试卷 2018.4.一、填空题（本大题共有12题，满分54分，第1～6题每题4分，第7～12题每题5分）1．函数lg 1y x =-的零点是． 2．计算：=+∞→142limn nn ．3．若的二项展开式中项的系数是，则n = ． 4．掷一颗均匀的骰子，出现奇数点的概率为．5．若x 、y 满足020x y x y y -≥⎧⎪+≤⎨⎪≥⎩，则目标函数2f x y =+的最大值为．6．若复数z 满足1z =，则z i -的最大值是． 7．若一个圆锥的主视图（如图所示）是边长为3,3,2的三角形，则该圆锥的体积是．8．若双曲线222161(0)3x y p p-=>的左焦点在抛物线22y px =的准线上，则p = ．9．若53sin )cos(cos )sin(=---x y x x y x ，则y 2tan 的值为． 10．若为等比数列，0n a >，且2018a =2017201912a a +的最小值为． 11．在ABC △中，角A ,B ,C 所对的边分别为a ,b ,c ，2a =，2sin sin A C =．若B 为钝角，412cos -=C ，则ABC ∆的面积为． 12．已知非零向量OP uuu r 、OQ uuu r 不共线，设111m OM OP OQ m m =+++u u u u r u u u r u u ur ，定义点集{|}||||FP FM FQ FMA F FP FQ ⋅⋅==u u u r u u u u r u u u r u u u u r u u u r u u u r . 若对于任意的3m ≥，当1F ，2F A ∈且不在直线PQ 上时，不等式12||||F F k PQ ≤u u u u r u u u r恒成立，则实数k 的最小值为．()13nx +2x 54{}na二、选择题（本题共有4题，满分20分，每题5分）13．已知函数()sin()(0,||)f x x ωϕωϕπ=+><的图象如图所示，则ϕ的值为（） )(A4π )(B 2π )(C 2π-)(D 3π-14．设B A 、是非空集合，定义：B A ⨯={|}x x A B x A B ∈⋃∉⋂且.已知{|A x y ==， }{1>=x x B ，则A B ⨯等于（）)(A ),2(]1,0[+∞Y ． )(B ),2()1,0[+∞Y ． )(C ]1,0[． )(D ]2,0[．15．已知222211220,0a b a b +≠+≠,则“11220a b a b =”是“直线1111:0l a x b y c ++=与2222:0l a x b y c ++=”平行的（）)(A 充分非必要条件 )(B 必要非充分条件 )(C 充要条件 )(D 既非充分也非必要条件 16．已知长方体的表面积为452，棱长的总和为24. 则长方体的体对角线与棱所成角的最大值为（）1()arccos()arccos()arccos()arccos3399A B C D三、解答题17．（本题满分14分，第1小题满分7分，第2小题满分7分）共享单车给市民出行带来了诸多便利，某公司购买了一批单车投放到某地给市民使用. 据市场分析，每辆单车的营运累计利润y (单位：元）与营运天数()*x x N ∈满足 21608002y x x =-+-. （1）要使营运累计利润高于800元，求营运天数的取值范围；（2）每辆单车营运多少天时，才能使每天的平均营运利润yx的值最大？18．（本题满分14分，第1小题满分6分，第2小题满分8分）如图，在棱长为1的正方体1111ABCD A B C D -中，点E 是棱AB 上的动点. （1）求证：11DA ED ⊥；（2）若直线1DA 与平面1CED 所成的角是45o，请你确定点E 的位置，并证明你的结论.ABCD A 1B 1C 1D 119．（本题满分14分，第1小题满分7分，第2小题满分7分）已知数列{}n a ，其前n 项和为n S ，满足12a =，1n n n S na a λμ-=+，其中2≥n ，n *∈N ， λ，μ∈R .(1) 若0λ=，4μ=，12n n n b a a +=-（n *∈N ），求数列{}n b 的前n 项和； (2) 若23a =，且32λμ+=，求证：数列{}n a 是等差数列.20．（本题满分16分，第1小题满分5分，第2小题满分5分，第3小题满分6分）已知椭圆222:9(0)x y m m Ω+=>,直线l 不过原点O 且不平行于坐标轴，l 与Ω有两个交点A 、B ，线段AB 的中点为M ．（1）若3m =，点K 在椭圆Ω上，12,F F 分别为椭圆的两个焦点，求12KF KF ⋅u u u r u u u u r的范围；（2）证明：直线OM 的斜率与l 的斜率的乘积为定值；（3）若l 过点(,)3mm ，射线OM 与Ω交于点P ，四边形OAPB 能否为平行四边形？若能，求此时l 的斜率；若不能，说明理由．21．（本题满分18分，第1小题满分4分，第2小题满分6分，第3小题满分8分）记函数()f x 的定义域为D 如果存在实数a 、b 使得()()f a x f a x b -++=对任意满足a x D -∈且a x D +∈的x 恒成立，则称()f x 为ψ函数（1）设函数1()1f x x=-，试判断()f x 是否为ψ函数，并说明理由；（2）设函数tx g x+=21)(，其中常数0≠t ，证明：)(x g 是ψ函数；（3）若)(x h 是定义在R 上的ψ函数，且函数)(x h 的图象关于直线x m =（m 为常数）对称，试判断)(x h 是否为周期函数？并证明你的结论杨浦区2017学年度第二学期高三年级模拟质量调研数学学科试卷答案 2018.4.10一、填空题 1. 10x = ；2． 21； 3．4 ； 4. 12 ； 5．3 ； 6. 2； 7．； 8．4； 9． 2424.77-或；10．4 ； 11．； 12. 34二、选择题13． C ； 14 . A ； 15． B ; 16. D ;三、解答题17．（本题满分14分，第1小题满分7分，第2小题满分7分）【解】（1）要使营运累计收入高于800元，令80080060212>-+-x x ， …………………………………2分解得8040<<x …………………………………5分所以营运天数的取值范围为40到80天之间 …………………………………7分（2）6080021+--=xx x y …………………………………9分 20604002=+-≤ 当且仅当18002x x=时等号成立，解得400x = …………………………12分所以每辆单车营运400天时，才能使每天的平均营运利润最大，最大为20元每天 …14分 18．（本题满分14分，第1小题满分6分，第2小题满分8分）【解】以D 为坐标原点，建立如图所示的坐标系，则D (0,0,0),A （1，0，0），B (1,1,0)，C (0,1,0),D 1(0,1,2),A 1(1,0,1)，设E (1,m,0)（0≤m≤1）（1）证明：1(1,0,1)DA =u u u u r ，1(1,,1)ED m =--u u u u r………2分111(1)0()110DA ED m ⋅=⨯-+⨯-+⨯=u u u r u u u u r………4分所以DA 1⊥ED 1. ……………6分另解：1ADA AE 平面⊥，所以D A AE 1⊥ ……………2分又11AD D A ⊥，所以AE D D A 11平面⊥ ……………………………4分所以11DA ED ⊥……………………………6分（2）以A 为原点，AB 为x 轴、AD 为y 轴、AA 1为z 轴建立空间直角坐标系…………7分所以)1,0,0(1A 、)0,1,0(D 、)0,1,1(C 、)1,1,0(1D ，设t AE =，则)0,0,(t E ………8分设平面CED 1的法向量为),,(z y x =，由⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧=⋅=⋅01CD n 可得⎩⎨⎧=--=+-0)1(0y x t z x ，所以⎩⎨⎧-==xt y xz )1(，因此平面CED 1的一个法向量为)1,1,1(-t ………10分由直线1DA 与平面1CED 所成的角是45o，可得45sin 11=︒ ……11分可得1)1(12|11|222+-+⋅+-=t t ，解得21=t ………13分由于AB=1，所以直线1DA 与平面1CED 所成的角是45o时，点E 在线段AB 中点处 …14分 19．（本题满分14分，第1小题满分7分，第2小题满分7分）【解】（1）14-=n n a S ，所以n n a S 41=+ 两式相减得1144-+-=-n n n n a a S S 即1144-+-=n n n a a a………2分所以)2(2211-+-=-n n n n a a a a ，即12-=n n b b ，………3分又8412==a S ，所以6122=-=a S a ，得22121=-=a a b ………4分因此数列{}n b 为以2为首项，2为公比的等比数列 nn b 2=，前n 项和为221-+n …7分（2）当n=2时，1222a a S μλ+=，所以μλ2623+=+ 又32λμ+= 可以解得21=λ，1=μ………9分所以12-+=n n n a a n S ，n n n a a n S ++=++1121，两式相减得111221-++-+-+=n n n n n a a a n a n a 即112221-++-=-n n n a a n a n猜想1+=n a n ，下面用数学归纳法证明：①当n=1或2时，1121+==a ，1232+==a ，猜想成立；①假设当k n ≤（2,*≥∈k N k ）时，1k a k =+ 成立则当1+=k n 时，2))1(22(12)22(1211+=++--=+--=-+k k k k k a a k k a k k k 猜想成立由①、①可知，对任意正整数n ，1+=n a n………13分所以11=-+n n a a 为常数，所以数列{}n a 是等差数列………14分另解：若23a =，由12212a a a a +=+λμ，得562=+λμ，又32+=λμ，解得112==，λμ． ………9分由12a =，23a =，12λ= ，1μ=，代入1n n n S na a λμ-=+得34a =，所以1a ，2a ，3a 成等差数列，由12n n n n S a a -=+，得1112n n n n S a a +++=+，两式相减得：111122n n n n n n na a a a a ++-+=-+- 即11(1)(2)20n n n n a n a a +-----=所以 21(1)20n n n na n a a ++---= ………11分相减得：2112(1)(2)220n n n n n na n a n a a a ++---+--+= 所以2111(2)2(2)0n n n n n n n a a a a a a +++--++-+=所以221111-222(2)(2)(2)(1)n n n n n n n n n a a a a a a a a a n n n +++---+=--+=-+- 1321(2)(2)(1)2n a a a n n --==-+-L L L ，因为12320a a a -+=，所以2120n n n a a a ++-+=，即数列{}n a 是等差数列.………14分20．（本题满分16分，第1小题满分5分，第2小题满分5分，第3小题满分6分）【解】（1）椭圆99:22=+Ωy x ，两个焦点)22,0(1F 、)22,0(2-F ，设),(y x K所以2212()(,)8KF KF x y x y x y ⋅=-⋅--=+-u u u r u u u u r由于2299x y +=，所以2299y x =-，22212(99)881KF KF x x x ⋅=+--=-+u u u r u u u u r …3分由椭圆性质可知11x -≤≤，所以12[7,1]KF KF ⋅∈-u u u r u u u u r……………5分（2）设直线b kx y l +=:（0,0≠≠k b ），),(11y x A ，),(22y x B ，),(00y x M ，所以21x x 、为方程222)(9m b kx x =++的两根，化简得02)9(2222=-+++m b kbx x k ，所以922210+-=+=k kb x x x ，99922200+=++-=+=k bb k b k b kx y ……………8分kx y k OM 900-==，所以直线OM 的斜率与l 的斜率的乘积等于 -9为定值 …………10分（3）因为直线l 过点(,)3mm ，所以l 不过原点且与C 有两个交点的充要条件是0k >，3k ≠．设),(p p y x P 设直线m m x k y l +-=)3(:（0,0≠≠k m ），即m mk kx y +-=3由（2）的结论可知x ky OM 9:-=，代入椭圆方程2229m y x =+得8192222+=k k m x p …12分由（2）的过程得中点)9)3(9,9)3((22+-+--k kmm k k mk m M ， ……………14分若四边形OAPB 为平行四边形，那么M 也是OP 的中点，所以p x x =02，得819)93(4222222+=+-k k m k mk mk ，解得74±=k所以当l的斜率为44OAPB 为平行四边形． ……………16分 21．（本题满分18分，第1小题满分4分，第2小题满分6分，第3小题满分8分）【解】（1）1()1f x x=-是ψ函数 . ……1分理由如下：1()1f x x=-的定义域为{|0}x x ≠，只需证明存在实数a ，b 使得()()f a x f a x b -++=对任意x a ≠±恒成立.由()()f a x f a x b -++=，得112b a x a x +-=-+，即2()()a x a xb a x a x ++-+=-+. 所以22(2)()2b a x a +-=对任意x a ≠±恒成立. 即2,0.b a =-= 从而存在0,2a b ==-，使()()f a x f a x b -++=对任意x a ≠±恒成立.所以1()1f x x=-是ψ函数. …………4分（2）记()g x 的定义域为D ，只需证明存在实数a ，b 使得当a x D -∈且a x D +∈时，()()g a x g a x b -++=恒成立，即1122a xa xb tt-++=++恒成立.所以22(2)(2)a xa x a x a x t tb t t +-+-+++=++， ……5分化简得，22(1)(22)(2)2a xa x a btb t t +--+=+-.所以10bt -=,22(2)20a b t t +-=.因为0t ≠，可得1b t=，2log ||a t =, 即存在实数a ，b 满足条件，从而1()2xg x t=+是ψ函数. …………10分（3）函数)(x h 的图象关于直线x m =（m 为常数）对称，所以)()(x m h x m h +=- （1）， ……………12分又因为b x a h x a h =++-)()( （2），所以当a m ≠时，)]2([)22(a m x m h a m x h -++=-+由（1 ） )]([)2()]2([x a a h x a h a m x m h -+=-=-+-= 由（2） )()]([x h b x a a h b -=---= （3）所以)22(]22)22[()44(a m x h b a m a m x h a m x h -+-=-+-+=-+ （取a m x t 22-+=由（3）得）再利用（3）式，)()]([)44(x h x h b b a m x h =--=-+所以()f x 为周期函数，其一个周期为a m 44- ……………15分第 11 页当a m =时，即)()(x a h x a h +=-，又)()(x a h b x a h +-=-，所以2)(b x a h =+为常数所以函数)(x h 为常数函数，2)()1(b x h x h ==+，)(x h 是一个周期函数 ……………17分综上，函数)(x h 为周期函数。

2018届杨浦区高考英语二模(修改版带答案)

杨浦区2017学年度第二学期高三模拟质量调研英语学科试卷II. Grammar and vocabularySection AWhen it comes to innovative countries, we always think of places like the US, the UK and Germany. However, Israel is also a global leader (21)______ innovation.According to the World Economic Forum’s Global Competitiveness Report 2016-2017, Israel is the second (22)______ (innovative) nation in the world, just after Switzerland.Many of us (23)______ not be aware, but technologies developed in Israel have changed our lives. For example, antivirus software (24)______ protects our computers was first developed in Israel in the 1970s, according to The Telegraph. In addition, features on our mobile phones such as voicemail and SMS were also developed in Israel.So it comes as no surprise that Israel plans to use its innovative strength (25)______ (power) the cooperation with China in the Belt and Road Initiative. (26)______ ______ ______ Israel is needed, it will spare no effort to contribute to the project, said Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu during his visit to China in March, according to Xinhua News Agency.Many Israeli environmental technology companies have already set up facilities in Shandong province, (27)______ (bring) Israeli techniques to many areas such as recycling water for agricultural use, reported the Times of Israel.(28)______ (found) on very dry land, Israel had been worried about water for a very long time. However, in recent years, the quality and quantity of water in Israel (29)______ (improve), with the help of techniques that turn Mediterranean seawater and wastewater into usable water.In fact, such innovations have led to more and more Chinese students (30)______ (seek) quality higher education in Israel. “When Chinese students who study here go back home, they will be in positions to influence China-Israel relationships in the future,” Emma Afterman, manager of Israel-China Academic Relations at the Council for Higher Education, told the Jerusalem Post.Parents have been concerned about their kids’ use of technology since the dawn of technology – or at least since the invention of the transistor radio in the 1950s. Today, technology is everywhere, and kids are growing up __31__ to their smartphones, tablets and laptops in ways that ‘50s moms and dads could never have dreamed of. Parental concern has grown along with this tech __32__. But now, even those in the industry are wondering if technology has taken a truly __33__ hold on all of us – and especially children.No less than Melinda Gates, wife of Microsoft founder Bill Gates, wrote an editorial in the Washington P ost last summer expressing regret for the Pandora’s Box she and her husband helped open. “I spent my career in technology. I wasn’t prepared for its effect on my kids,” she wrote. “Phones and apps aren’t good or bad by themselves, but for adolescents who don’t yet have the emotional tools to deal with life’s complication and __34__, they can add to the difficulties of growing up.”A study, which came out this year, looked at yearly surveys of 8th, 10th, and 12th graders in the U.S.between 1991-2016, and __35__ markers of psychological well-being, such as self-esteem, life satisfaction and happiness. It found that such well-being suddenly decreased after 2012 – just at the time that the use of smartphone and social media __36__. There was a direct correlation between the amount of time spent on electronics and unhappiness. Happiness was highest among kids who participated in sports, followed by in-person socializing and __37__ services. The lowest? Online computer games – the abuse of which has recently been __38__ a recognized mental health disorder by the World Health Organization – and social media.Early this year, big players formerly of tech companies such as Google and Facebook created the Center for Humane Technology and, in partnership with the nonprofit organization Common Sense Media, __39__ a full media and advertising attack on the very industry they had a hand in building. Their initiative, the Truth about Tech, is pouring millions of dollars into a(n) __40__ to warn parents, teachers and students that the technology they use is in fact engineered to addict them.III. Reading ComprehensionSection AIf you could be anybody in the world, who would it be? This is usually just a theoretical question. The idea of suddenly taking the form of your neighbor, a celebrity or even your dog is fun to think about, but seemingly impossible to __41__.Yet a few people have experienced what it might be like to step into the skin of another person, thanks to an unusual virtual reality device. “The first seconds are just overwhelming,” says Rikke Frances Wahl, a woman who __42__ became a man. “It feels mysterious. You start to feel more and more comfortable in it, and you start to really get the __43__ of how it would be if it were your body.”Wahl, an actress, model and artist, was one of the participants in a body swapping(替换) experiment at the Be Another lab, a project developed by a group of artists based in Barcelona. She __44__ her new body using a machine called The Machine to be Another. The set-up is relatively simple. Both users put on a virtual reality headset with a camera installed to the top of it. The video from each camera is piped to the other person, so what you see is the exact view of your __45__. If she moves her arm, you see it. If you mov e your arm, she sees it. To get used to seeing another person’s body without actually having control of it, participants start by moving their arms and legs very slowly, so that the other can follow along. __46__, this kind of slow, synchronized(同步) movement becomes comfortable, and participants really start to feel as though they were living in another person’s body. “It was so natural,” Wahl says, laughing, “and at the same time it was so unnatural.”Interestingly, using such technology __47__ to alter p eople’s behaviour afterwards – potentially for the better. Studies have shown that virtual reality can be __48__ in fighting implicit racism(隐性种族歧视). Researchers at the University of Barcelona gave people a questionnaire called the Implicit Association Tes t, which measures the strength of people’s associations between.Another study showed that using the so-called “rubber hand illusion(错觉)” can have the same __49__. When that rubber hand is a colour unlike their skin, participants __50__ lower on tests for implicit racism than when they watched a hand of the same skin colour.The idea is that once you’ve “put yourself in another’s shoes” you’re less likely to think __51__ of them, because your brain has __52__ the feeling of being that person.Wahl says t hat she’d jump at the chance to swap bodies with someone again. “I would really, really __53__ it to everyone, everyone should try this thing,” she says. “We all have different feelings and points of views about things,” says Pointeau, “and it’s really str ongly related to our __54__ experience. With this kind of experience we can __55__ empathy –the action of understanding, but also maybe help people better understand themselves too.”41. A. execute B. excuse C. explore D. exhibit42. A. contemporarily B. permanently C. temporarily D. secretly43. A. passion B. fantasy C. familiarity D. energy44. A. inherited B. altered C. endured D. acquired45. A. reflection B. partner C. colleague D. image46. A. Consciously B. Constantly C. Eventually D. Equivalently47. A. requires B. prefers C. promises D. volunteers48. A. progressive B. informative C. realistic D. effective49. A. impact B. instruction C. initiative D. intention50. A. analyzed B. scored C. predicted D. valued51. A. highly B. ill C. straight D. fairly52. A. expressed B. mixed C. internalized D. deleted53. A. connect B. advertise C. register D. recommend54. A. bodily B. sensitive C. mental D. initial55. A. endure B. promote C. honor D. identifySection B(A)A British hospital director told me he was hunting for staff to replace the foreign doctors and nurses leaving because of Brexit(脱欧). He hadn’t found many qualified Britons queuing to replace them.In an age when the “war for talent” is a global business trend, the UK is fighting a war against talent. But if I were a Brexiter, I’d say: Brexit should be the prompt for Britain to finally start training enough of its own talent. If UK wants to avoid economic decline, it will need to train far more of its own nurses, construction workers, architects, etc. For a country whose policy has always been not to educate the working class, that would be a reversal of history.Before Brexit, high-skilled immigrants staffed world-class British sectors such as the City of London and the creative economy. In healthcare, the UK developed a brilliant way: let a poor country like Romania fund a nurse’s education, then underpay her to look after sick Brits. Low-skilled immigrants eager to work all hours for little money gave the UK cafes and corner shops that seldom closed. Low-skilled Britons could have done these jobs, but mostly didn’t.The coming wave of British talent is largely immigrant too: the kids who ha ve made London’s state schools the UK’s best, plus the offspring of Russian, Chinese and other foreign elites(精英) who fill private schools. Many of these would love to stay and make the UK richer.But Brexiters want to cut immigration. The obvious solution: equip working-class Brits to do jobs from nursing to banking. Jonathan Portes, economics professor at King’s College said: “The problem of UK vocational education has been known for at least a century. We’ve always neglected it.” In fact, in August the UK removed the state bursary(助学金) for people training to be nurses, midwives and speech therapists. Students now have to fund courses themselves, then earn a low salary for a lifetime.If Britain doesn’t upskill its workers fast, it will lose skilled jobs. It will continue to have the world’s best universities per capita only if it can find enough Britons to replace foreign academics who leave the UK. Much the same applies to finance or design. Meanwhile, low-skilled foreign fruit pickers have already melted away since the pound plunged. With few Britons queuing to replace them, much of this year’s produce rotted in the fields.So the likely post-Brexit outcome is a UK that cannot keep itself in the style to which it has become accustomed. The war against talent will probably leave Britain looking a bit more like today’s English seaside towns, or most of the country in the 1970s: culturally homogeneous(同种类的), relatively poor and under-serviced.56. The UK is fighting a war against talent because ______.A. skilled immigrants leave the country after BrexitB. it doesn’t have enough fund to train its own citizensC. too many qualified Britons are queuing for creative jobsD. it is trying a different approach to attracting talent57. Which is FALSE about the situation in the UK before Brexit?A. Hospital employed many immigrant nurses.B. Much attention was paid to the nurse training.C. Many Brits were unwilling to do low-paid jobs.D. Immigrant elites could find creative and decent jobs.58. What can we learn from the passage?A. Most well-educated immigrants had no plan to stay in the UK.B. The government now gives nurses-to-be some financial support.C. A lot of fruits rotted in the fields for the lack of skilled fruit pickers.D. The outflow of talent only existed in the field of education and healthcare.59. According to the writer, the post-Brexit Britain is likely to ______.A. be as rich and powerful as it used to beB. be as convenient as it was before BrexitC. be different in style but the same in essenceD. go backward in economy and social serviceFreethisThe DJI Mavic Pro folds down as small as a bottle ofyouNew OcuSync transmission system offers up to 7km offeaturessensorDJI Spark Alopine White with Extra Battery &ANDmovingRecord ultra-stable Full HD footage and 12MP stillsMeasures approximately the same size as can of popD14.3cmFreeActiveavoidstabilityProFlight Maverick Folding Camera Drone WithIt folds away small enough to fit into your backpackTap a button to take off. Tap a button to land. It’s thatyouryourhone60. The four drones(无人机) are listed in order of ______.A. popularityB. discountC. priceD. size61. If you want to share what you shoot on WeChat within the shortest time, _______ is recommended.A. DJI Mavic Pro 4K Foldable Camera DroneB. DJI Spark Alpine WhiteC. DJI Phantom 4 4K Camera DroneD. ProFlight Maverick Folding Camera Drone62. Among the four types, ProFlight Maverick Folding Camera Drone has a unique feature that ______.A. its maximum speed is the highestB. users can pilot it just by moving fingersC. it can be controlled by smartphoneD. it takes up the least space when folded(C)It’s almost spring, the time of year when the change in seasons could lead to some pretty fascinating cloud activity in the sky. NASA and the GLOBE Program are inviting you to take part in a citizen science cloud observation challenge. The GLOBE Program is an international science and education program that provide students and the public with the opportunity to participate in data collection and the scientific process.From March 15 through April 15, citizen scientists of all ages can make up to 10 cloud observations per day using the GLOBE Observer app or one of the other data entry options (for trained GLOBE members). Challenge participants with the most observations will be congratulated by a NASA scientist in a video posted on the GLOBE Program’s website and on social media.“The GLOBE Program is offering this challenge to show people how important it is to NASA to hav e citizen scientist observations: observations from the ground up,” said Marile Colon Robles, lead for the GLOBE Clouds team at NASA’s Langley Research Center in Hampton, Virginia. “We’re going from winter to spring, so the types of storms will change, whi ch will also change the types of clouds.”Researchers use, and value, this citizen science cloud data because it helps to validate data from Earth-observing instruments. Scientists at Langley work with a set of six instruments known as the Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES).Even though CERES’ instruments use advanced technology, it is not always easy for researchers to positively identify all types of clouds in their images. For example, it can be difficult to differ thin, wispy cirrus clouds(细小的卷云) from snow since both are cold and bright; even more so when cirrus clouds are above a surface with patchy snow(片状雪) or snow cover. One solution to this problem is to look at satellite images from a particular area and compare them to data submitted by citizen scientists on the ground.“Looking at what an observer recorded as clouds and looking at their suface observations really helps us better understand the images that were matched from the satellite,” said Colon Robles.You don’t have to be a cloud-gazing professional to participate. For those who want to be part of the challenge but don’t have a lot of experience identifying clouds, Colon Robles offers the following advice: “Just go outside.” The more clouds you observe, she said, the more comfortable you’ll be collecting data.63. Why do researchers launch the cloud observation challenge?A. The GLOBE Program is badly short of hands.B. The technology CERES uses is not that advanced.C. Scientists can compare data from different instruments.D. Cirrus clouds are difficult to identify when with snow cover.64. The underlined word “validate” is closest in meaning to ______.A. createB. cancelC. countD. confirm65. Which of the following is TRUE?A. Citizen observers can only submit their data by means of an app.B. Observers submitting the most observations can get a special prize.C. Observations from the ground are not as valuable as satellite images.D. The data collected by citizen scientists will be posted on social media.66. Which is the best title for the passage?A. NASA Employs New members.B. Cloud Activities Bring a New Challenge.C. Citizens Gain Experience through Observation.D. Professionals Teach You to Observe Clouds.A new report by the World Bank shows that the effects of climate change could force 140 million people to move within their countries by 2050.The report looked at three developing regions of the world –sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia andLatin America. ___67___Climate migrants are people who are forced to move within their country because of water scarcity, crop failure, rising sea levels and storm surges due to climate change.___68___ It is important to help people make good decisions about whether to stay where they are or move to new locations where they are less vulnerable.The report noted that the effects of climate change will often force people to move from rural areas suffering from droughts or crop failures to cities where there are different opportunities. ___69___ “Without the right planning and support, people mig rating from rural areas into cities could be facing could be facing new and even more dangerous risks,”said Kanta Kumari Rigaud, the report’s team lead.“___70___” Rigaud added.The report recommends key actions to help prevent wide-scale climate migration: cutting global greenhouse gas emissions; improving development planning at the local level for climate migration; and investing in data to better understand climate migration trends in each country. The report notes that any rise in climate migration will be in addition to millions of other migrants within countries, moving for economic, social, political or other reasons.Ⅳ. Summary WritingIt is universally true that all parents in the world love their children. However, as parents' views of life vary, they show their love in different ways．The monarch type of parents are intolerant and self-centered. They lay down regulations in the family for their children to observe. Furthermore，they insist that their children should act upon them without question. With a firm belief in their own philosophy of life, they have litter respect for others’ opinions, least of all, their children's. The sentence they say most frequently to their children is, “you should do this.”Contrary to the monarch-type parents, the servant-type parents revolve around their children all thetime. They are soft, good-nature, and easy-going. They never deny their children any wish, and cheerfully run to buy anything their children ask for. They are happy so tong as their children are content. With the sincere belief that love means sacrifice, they are ready to give up anything for their children's sake. With their children at the center of their lives, they always ask, “What else can we do for you?”The friends-type parents, as the term implies, treat their children as friends. They are generous and wise. Like good friends, they discuss with their children the latest news, share their children's interests, and listen attentively to their children's expression of emotion, whether it is anger, fear, joy or sorrow. They have a close relationship with their children while sticking to their principled stand. They discuss problems with their children rather than provide ready solution. They respect their children as their equals. They often say: “Let's put our heads together and see what we can do.”There is no doubt that children welcome the third type of parents, for a free, friendly, and sympathetic atmosphere at home is most favorable to the development of youngsters both in body and in mind. All parents should re-examine and change some of their ways of showing their love if they want their children to grow up happily and healthily.Ⅴ. Translation72. 据报道数以百计的消防员正在参加营救行动。